Göbekli Tepe Newsletter 2014-Libre

8/19/2019 Göbekli Tepe Newsletter 2014-Libre

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Göbekli Tepe - Newsletter 2014 2

http://goebeklitepe.dehttp://www.dainst.org/de/project/goebeklitepehttp://www.facebook.com/GobekliTepe1http://twitter.com/Goebeklitepe

Project Information:[email protected]

DAI Press Office:

[email protected] Authors: Jörg Becker, Lee Clare, Oliver Dietrich,Çiğdem Köksal-Schmidt, Anja Merbach,

Jens Notroff, Smriti Pant, Joris Peters,Nadja Pöllath, Klaus Schmidt6+Cover and project logo: Çiğdem Köksal-SchmidtLayout and composition: Nico Becker

Printed by: Laserline

V.i.S.d.P.: Klaus Schmidt

Photo Credits: AA anonymous author ACK A. Cihat KürkcüoğluCG Christoph GerberCKS Çiğdem Köksal-SchmidtDA Demirtaş AtölyesiEK Erhan Küçük GGH Giese, Grubert, Hübner

- GbR IH Irina HoppeIL Ian Lilley

IW Irmgard Wagner JN Jens NotroffKKF Kleyer-Koblitz-FreivogelKS Klaus SchmidtMA Murat AkmanMG Mustafa GönenMM Michael MorschNB Nico BeckerNP Nadja PöllathMR Markus ReindelMS Marco SchneiderPD Patricia Duff

RW Roland Wieczorek TG omas Götzelt


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Göbekli Tepe:e first 20 years

is year (2014) marks the 20th

anniversary of archaeological research atGöbekli Tepe. Looking back over the pasttwo decades, it is safe to say that GöbekliTepe has not only provided us with newand unexpected insights, forcing us toreconsider many previous assumptions withrespect to the early Neolithic period (thetransition from mobile hunter-gatherersto sedentary food-producing lifeways),further the site has seen itself catapulted bythe world media into the consciousness of

many, fuelling the imagination and givingrise to some very diverse lines of serious(and less serious) enquiry and speculation.

If anyone had suggested just twenty yearsago that post-Ice Age hunter-gatherers werecapable of erecting monumental architecturethey would have been told in no uncertainterms that this was highly unlikely. Meanwhile,of course, we know from Göbekli Tepe thatthis was indeed the case, a shift in paradigmalready hinted at by joint excavations at the siteof Nevalı Çori by the University of Heidelbergand the Şanlıurfa Museum which commencedin 1983. Following on from work at NevalıÇori, excavations at Göbekli Tepe commencedin 1995. e discovery of the large stone circleswith their eminent T-shaped pillars heraldedthe beginning of a completely new chapter inour understanding of this important period inhuman history.

Over the years, Göbekli Tepe has movedincreasingly into the centre of public interest.Meanwhile, in addition to a series of popularscience films and publications, there is a largeand steadily growing number of people whowish to experience this unique site at firsthand; remarkably, on busy days our excavationsattract up to 1.000 visitors. is has opened upa challenging new field of activity for the project

team: the mediation of our knowledge to theinterested public. is is achieved, for example,through regular publications and lectures, aswell as by frequent photo exhibitions and visitsto local schools in Urfa. e incorporation ofthe site into the tourist trail also requires thatconsiderable attention is paid to measuresdesigned to protect the excavated early Neolithicarchitecture. In this respect, we are extremely

happy to have found a strong partner inthe Global Heritage Fund, and thanks to

generous grants from the European Uniontwo membrane shelter structures withintegrated visitor pathways will be erectedby the local authorities in Şanlıurfa. Finally,visitor facilities have been designed andrealised by the Turkish government.

It is a time of big decisions and greatdevelopments at Göbekli Tepe which wehope will pave the way for the conservationof the site and for many more years offruitful research.

e Göbekli Tepe Project Team

Göbekli Tepe in 1995 before the beginning excavations(Photo: MM).

Aerial View of Göbekli Tepe in 2011 (Photo: EK).


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e 2012 and 2013 excavationseasons at Göbekli Tepe

Excavations and activities at Göbekli Tepe

in 2012 and 2013 have focused primarilyon preparations for construction work thatis soon to begin on a permanent shelter forEnclosures A-D in the main excavation area.is work has entailed the construction of apreliminary wooden shelter, which not onlyaddresses the urgent need for the protection ofthe architecture in this area but which will alsoserve as a platform for the construction of thepermanent membrane shelter expected to startnext year. Another similar shelter will be created

at Göbekli Tepe´s northwestern depression,where new excavation areas were opened in2011.

A secondary objective of our recent activitieshas been the completion of documentation(e.g. of selected sections through architecturalstructures) required for our planned monographdedicated to the archaeological features from theyounger (Layer II) PPNB-phase of the site. iswas achieved in the 2012 seasons, which also sawthe parallel excavation of the deep soundings forthe strut foundations of the permanent shelterin the main excavation area.

A positive effect of the soundings – whichin some cases exceeded depths of five metresas far as the natural bedrock – has been theunprecedented insights that these have providedwith respect to the structure of the site. reesoundings situated immediately adjacent to

Enclosures C and D also produced significantquantities of charred botanical remains, a

first at Göbekli Tepe, these at last providingsufficient organic material for the generation ofan extended series of radiocarbon ages (Dietrichet al. 2013).

Additional work in area L9-85 - at thesouthern edge of the main excavation area -has helped clarify the entrance situation ofEnclosure C (Schmidt 2012, 138-157). Long-

known is an early, and later blocked,entrance comprising a narrow passagebetween two parallel, narrowly-set walls

which branch off southwards from thecentre of the enclosure; these walls aremade of massive stone slabs workedon all sides. A further large stoneslab protrudes into this passage way.

Although not completely preserved,it is likely that this would have oncebeen furnished with a central opening(or portal). At some point, this portalstone was walled up, as testified by thetwo lowermost courses of a blocking

wall found preserved in-situ. On thesouthern side of the porthole-stone, just below the opening (and accosting

e wooden shelter during construction (Photo: NB).

Entrance situation of Enclosure C. Stairs leading toa U-shaped doorstone (Photo: NB).

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5 Göbekli Tepe - Newsletter 2014

visitors entering the enclosure via this passage)there is the low-relief of a boar lying on its back.To the south of the portal-stone a large U-shapedmonolith was discovered, the left-hand columnof which is crowned by the carved sculpture ofa predator; unfortunately, the top of the right-hand column of this monolith is not preserved,though it too may also have featured a similar

guardian figure. Together with the portal slabit formed the entrance to EnclosureC. A new element of this entrance wasdiscovered in 2012. A stairway with(so far) eight steps was found bridginga dip in the bedrock leading up to theU-stone, albeit that further excavationswill be needed before the implicationsof this particular feature can be fullyunderstood.

e building history of Enclosure

C has recently been investigated byKatja Piesker in the frame of a researchscholarship awarded by the German

Archaeological Institute. Results fromthe study will be published in the nearfuture (Piesker forthcoming).

Work in 2013 also focused onpreparations for the construction of apermanent shelter structure in the newexcavation areas in the northwesterndepression of the tell, as well as on theexcavation of Enclosure H, anothermonumental stone circle assigned tothe 10th millenium BC (PPNA).

Seven deep soundings were undertaken totest suitable locations for the supporting strutsof the planned shelter. Bedrock was reachedin four of these soundings; intriguingly, intwo soundings the bedrock appears to have

been artificially worked. Partially utilising andexpanding natural faults, channels had beenworked into the bedrock which were thencovered and protected by stone slabs. Large-scale excavations will be required to reveal theextent of these modifications and to show ifand how these structures were connected to thecisterns located on the plateaus (Herrmann andSchmidt 2012).

In area K10-53 a complex situation withan agglomeration of several oval shaped roomsappeared, some containing (multi-layered)terrazzo floors. Due to the complexity of thesituation encountered here, it was decidedthat the whole area, measuring 9x9 m, shouldbe excavated. Next to - or rather among - thebuilding structures, a large stationary limestonevessel of the type previously associated withproduction and consumption of beer wasdiscovered (Dietrich et al. 2012). It has acapacity of about 240 l and as such is the largest

of this vessel type so far discovered at Göbekli

Sondage in area K10-36. Bedrock with a carvedchannel covered with stone slabs (Photo: NB).

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Area K10-53 (Photo: NB).


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Tepe. Already in 2011, one of the central pillars

and four pillars of the surrounding ring ofEnclosure H were discovered. e central pillarwas disturbed in antiquity, when it was dug out,

toppled and broken, similar to the situationobserved in Enclosure C. In the autumn seasonof 2013, the ring-wall of the enclosure waspartially excavated in area K10-24. e largerobber pit that had been dug to locate anddamage the carved pillars is clearly visible inthe northern section of this trench. A newlydiscovered large pillar fragment found in thispit probably belongs to the second of the twocentral T-pillars.

Excavations of Pillars 55 and 57 belongingto the circle surrounding the central area of theenclosure could also be continued. On the frontof P57, a new relief was discovered. It comprisestwo antithetic snakes with a round objectbetween them. So far, excavated parts of P55 arelacking reliefs. e amount of destruction workfollowing the end of the use-life of EnclosureH is further exemplified by the destruction ofa pillar that was origianally located betweenP57 and P 55; all that remains of this pillar

is a plain fragment of its shaft. e highly

disturbed wall situation is reminiscent of betterpreserved niche and bank constructions in otherenclosures in the main excavation area. Largeworked limestone fragments scattered in this

area may originally stem from these installations

Enclosure H: Central Pillar (P 51) (Photo: NB).

Enclosure H: External pillar (P 57) (Photo: NB).Enclosure H. e pit is visible as an area of darkdiscolouration in the le-hand section (Photo: NB).

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and further testify to the destruction carried outin prehistoric times.

In the course of geo-radar survey a diffusearea showing a possible overlap of the southernpart of Enclosure H with another (much larger)

enclosure appeared. Excavations revealed a small

part of a wall, apparently running parallel to thecircle-wall of Enclosure H. Between these wallsa staircase-like structure was discovered. Furtherwork in this and adjacent areas will be needed toclarify this situation.

Bioarchaeological Researchat Göbekli Tepe

In 2013, our team of zooarchaeologists, membersof the DFG funded project e early Neolithicsociety of Upper Mesopotamia and its subsistence based at the Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, participated in both the spring andautumn field seasons at Göbekli Tepe. Between1st and 10th May, Nadja Pöllath and MichaelaZimmermann studied material from Layer II,their aim being to extend the database for thelater phase of the site. In addition to recordingthese basic data Nadja Pöllath conductedphotographic documentation of postcranialbones, which will form the basis of her ongoinggeometric morphometric analyses. In the contextof the Göbekli Tepe material, the geometricmorphometric technique is applied to detectmicromorphological differences associated withthe transition from wild to domestic animals.

Michaela Zimmermann initiated herPhD project on the micropathologies foundin postcranial skeletal elements of Ovis andGazella by surveying first bone assemblages.e rationale behind the micropathology studyis that domestication affects the health statusof animals, domesticates showing a higher

prevalence of pathological conditions. In thisrespect, sheep bones from Göbekli Tepe, LevelIII are considered wild. Bone samples of earlyPPN domestic sheep come from Gürcütepeand Aşıklı Höyük. However, in order to avoidcircular reasoning, the large sample of Gazellebones from Göbekli Tepe will serve as a baselinesince the status of gazelle as a non-domesticateis beyond doubt.

Joris Peters and Ursula Mutze began theautumn campaign on 20th September when

they resumed their analysis of faunal materialexcavated from Layer II and from the thick,densely packed stratum of ash, bones and burnt

loam found in areas L9-78 and L9-97. Whilethe bone fragments from inside the enclosuresof Layer III and from the structures of Layer IIare rather large, the faunal remains recoveredfrom L9-78 and L9-97 are extremely small.One reason for this is that the sediment fromthe latter was sieved so that even very small and

tiny fragments were picked up. However, it alsoseems that these layers contain more remainsof small animals (rodents and birds) than theydo the remnants of Neolithic meals. Apartform this, the bones from these contexts are ingeneral more heavily fragmented (mean weightper fragment for cattle bones from EnclosureD: 26.6g; mean weight per fragment for cattlebones from the compact ash layers mentionedabove: 16.8g (hand picked units) and 6.3

Archaeofauna attested at Göbekli Tepe.From the very beginning of the project,archaeozoological finds have been processed by

Angela von den Driesch(†) and Joris Peters from the

LMU Munich. At Göbekli Tepe only wild animalsare known, domesticates are missing. e huntedspecies were, in the order of importance, gazelle,aurochs, wild ass, and other herbivores.


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Göbekli Tepe 14 C-ages nowavailable online

We are pleased to announce that radiocarbon(14C) ages made on samples from GöbekliTepe are now included in an online databaseorganised and maintained by Marion Benz,in collaboration with ex Oriente (http://www.exoriente.org/associated_projects/ppnd.php). Currently, this database includes some17 measurements from the site. As collagenpreservation at Göbekli Tepe is particularly poor,and plant remains were seldom encountered,the majority of these ages were made on samples

from sinter layers found hafting to excavatedelements of the (stone) architecture. Sinterdevelops under quite particular conditions, inthis case only after burial with sediment. Assuch, resulting ages can only be understoodas termini ante quem for the enclosures at thesite. However, in an attempt to improve thissituation, we have undertaken first radiocarbonmeasurements on small residues of charcoalrecovered from the loam mortar in the ringwallsof Enclosure D (Dietrich and Schmidt 2010),as well as on animal teeth (in the hope thatcollagen would be better preserved).

In the autumn of 2011 – in the courseof excavating foundation trenches for thepermanent shelter (see above) – we werefortunate to discover for the first time sedimentdeposits containing rich botanical remains.First results of radiocarbon measurementsmade on samples from these deposits confirmthat the large enclosures were constructed inthe 10th millennium calBC (Dietrich et al. 2013). It is hoped that further measurements,in combination with previous ages made onthe loam from the ringwall and animal bones,

will help clarify and provide greater detail withrespect to the construction sequence of the largeenclosures at Göbekli Tepe.

Calibrated radiocarbon age (calBC) made oncharcoal from loam mortar extracted from aringwall of Enclosure D. is result has provided

first indisputable evidence for the construction ofthe large enclosures in the PPNA (aer Dietrich andSchmidt 2010, fig. 1).

e clay plaster in front of Pillar 42 from EnclosureD (Photo: NB).

Scientific Reports

(sieved units)).Michaela Zimmermann and Nadja Pöllath

returned to Göbekli Tepe on 29th September. While Nadja Pöllath also undertook the analysisof osseous remains, Michaela Zimmermann

spent her time separating the skeletal elementsof Ovis and Gazella from the original bonebags to enhance the sample size for her research

project.e primary data gained during field seasons

is entered into OssoBook, the zooarchaeologicaldatabase financed, developed and maintainedby the ArchaeoBioCenter LMU. After the

completion of our analyses, these data will bemade available to all researchers.


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Preparation of a ManagementPlan for Göbekli Tepe

e close involvement of the German

Archaeological Institute (DAI) with excavationsand related research at Göbekli Tepe (Turkey)meanwhile looks back on a history of 20years. In 2011 – shortly after the inclusion ofthis exceptional site on the UNESCO WorldHeritage Tentative List – the Turkish Ministryof Culture and Tourism (Kültür ve TurizmBakanlığı) together with the DAI initiatedthe process of developing a Management Planfor the site. In turn, the DAI approached theBrandenburg University of Technology (BTU)

Cottbus–Senftenberg to lead the compilationof this important document which will providethe basis for the development of a nominationdossier for the potential inclusion of GöbekliTepe on the prestigious UNESCO WorldHeritage List.

BTU Cottbus–Senftenberg is aninternationally recognised centre in the fieldof cultural heritage management, in part dueto its reputed international Master (M.A.)programme World Heritage Studies which is nowin its fifteenth year. Notably, the curriculumof this programme is designed to address themultiple facets of the UNESCO Convention

Concerning the Protection of the World Culturaland Natural Heritage (1972).

e team from BTU Cottbus–Senftenbergresponsible for the management plan of GöbekliTepe is jointly led by Klaus Rheidt, Head of

Department of History of Architecture, andLeo Schmidt FSA, Head of Department of

Architectural Conservation. Further, it comprises Anja Merbach and Smriti Pant – alumni of theWorld Heritage Studies programme – from theDepartment of Architectural Conservation.

e project received funding from theDAI until the beginning of the last quarter of2013 and is currently financed by the GermanResearch Foundation (DFG). e work is dueto be completed in spring 2014. is workingdocument will serve as a road map for thefuture site manager at Göbekli Tepe towardsestablishing a sustainable management system.Not only is such a system essential for a long-term conservation and sustainable developmentof the site, it is also a basic requirement for thesite’s incorporation in the World Heritage List.

Last but not least, in addition to the DAI,the BTU is also collaborating with otherinstitutions on this project, including the Global

Heritage Fund (GHF) [USA], the Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich [Germany] andthe Şanlıurfa Museum [Turkey].

Site Conservation supportedby the Global Heritage Fund

(GHF)

e interest in Göbekli Tepe by the public,tourists, the media and funding institutions hasbeen unbroken and even intensified in 2013.Göbekli Tepe has become a major factor in thedevelopment of the Urfa region. is risingpublic interest is reflected in a growing streamof visitors on-site. For this reason, adequatefacilities need to be provided for the visitingpublic, and sufficient measures must be takento ensure the protection and preservation ofthe ancient structures. In order to fulfil these

objectives, over the last several years planshave been drawn up to cover large parts of theGöbekli Tepe with protective shelters, which will

also feature so-called walking floors designed toprovide visitors with unprecedented (contact-free) access to the archaeological site. Furthera new perimeter fence surrounding the entire

Test walls made at the Campus of HarranUniversity in autumn 2013 (Photo: CKS).


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Göbekli Tepe - Newsletter 2014 10 Scientific Reports

site has been installed. We are most grateful thatthe Global Heritage Fund is supporting thisconservation project.

In the frame of the plans for soft materialconservation at Göbekli Tepe it is essential thatthe properties of clay materials available at thesite and its surroundings are known. Material

tests are already underway and were commencedat Harran University in 2012. Test walls usingclay from the area, but outside the archaeologicalprotection zone, were erected by the excavationworkmen in the Osman Bey Campus of the

Harran University, some kilometres southeastof Göbekli Tepe, on the northern fringes of theHarran plain.

A group of the excavation workmen erecting the perimeter fence in winter 2012/2013 (Photo: MG).

New fences, surrounding the excavation areas werebuilt as well (Photo: NB).

e fence (blue) around the Neolithic quarries (red) and the mound of Göbekli Tepe (green, map: TG).


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3D - Documentation(Laser-Scanning)

of T-Pillars

For many years now we have been successfullycollaborating withthe chair for geodesyat the University of

Applied Sciencesin Karlsruhe, withwhom we havebeen working on3D-laser scanningof the monumantal

architecture atGöbekli Tepe.Under the directionof Tilman Müller,this cooperation hasseen visits to the siteby students withs t a t e -o f - th e - a r t3D-laser scanningtechnology. Amost recent and

impressive result oftheir work has beenthe generation of a complete 3D-scan of Pillar18 from the centre of Enclosure D. e primeadvantage of such scans is that they allow fora much more detailed evaluation of the surfaceof these monoliths, and this independentof prevailing (mostly unfavourable) lightingconditions and, in the case of Pillar 18, of thenow installed support structure.

3D-laser scan of Pillar 18 from Enclosure D (THKarlsruhe).

Students from Karlsruhe University scanning Pillar51 (Photo: NB).

Results from geoelectrical survey

Geophysical prospection was commenced atGöbekli Tepe in 2003. e Ground PenetratingRadar survey was completed in the southwesternpart of the mound in 2012. In the same year aGeolectric Resistivity Survey was conducted forthe first time at Göbekli Tepe. Geo-electricalsections reflect changes in specific electricalresistivity below the ground, visualising it byuse of different colour codes. e results aresignificant in that they show the depth andpartly anthropogenic altered layout of thenatural bedrock, as well as the thickness of thearchaeological sediments. e section throughthe large so-called dromos in the north-westerndepression known from earlier GPR surveys isespecially impressive. It shows a nearly 8 m deepand ca. 15 m wide (most probably artificial) pitin the bedrock.

Geoelectrical section 4, the ‘dromos’ in the bedrockis clearly visible (graphics: GGH).

Ground penetrating radar map (timeslice 14ns)with the position of the geoelectrical sectionsindicated (orange lines, map: GGH).

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e role of cult and feastingin the emergence of Neolithiccommunities. New evidence

from Göbekli Tepe, south-eastern Turkey

Antiquity Prize 2012 winning paper byO. Dietrich, M. Heun, J. Notroff, K.

Schmidt, and M. Zarnkow

Since the so called Braidwood Symposium in 1953 (Braidwood et al . 1953), there hasbeen near constant debate as to whether beer

– and not bread – was the first product madefrom domesticated crops (e.g. Katz and Voigt1986). Based on the discovery of grain at thesite of Qalat Jarmo, and at the suggestion ofthe archaeo-botanist Sauer, Braidwood inquiredwhether or not the discovery of fermentation could have been the spark that triggered thetargeted selection, and ultimately domestication,of certain crops. Fermented grain, which sees itsstarch transformed into sugars, is well known forits beneficial properties, including an increase in

nutritional value, also making it easier to digest.Indeed, the participants at the aforementionedsymposium eventually came to the consensusthat early grain crops would have been far bettersuited to the production of gruel or beer thanbread, especially considering that the glumesof primitive domesticated plants would haveadhered to the grain.

Even though this idea (fermentation) wasraised frequently in subsequent years (Katz andVoigt 1986), particularly in the context of the

previously noted advantages (higher nutritionalvalue) afforded by this process, it was consideredimprobable that beer was actually produced.More recently, however, the discussion wasrevisited in a contibution by P. McGovern(2009) who presented preliminary results fromchemical studies made on two stone vesselsfrom the PPN necropolis at Körtik Tepe whichyielded traces of tartaric acid that accrues duringthe wine production process (McGovern 2009:81).

Recently, further chemical analyseswere conducted by M. Zarnkow (TechnicalUniversity of Munich, Weihenstephan) on six

large limestone vessels from Göbekli Tepe. ese(barrel/trough-like) vessels, with capacities ofup to 160 litres, were found in-situ in PPNBcontexts at the site.

Already during excavations it was noted

that some vessels carried grey-black adhesions. A first set of analyses made on these substancesreturned partly positive for calcium oxalate,which develops in the course of the soaking,mashing and fermenting of grain. Althoughthese intriguing results are only preliminary,they provide initial indications for the brewingof beer at Göbekli Tepe, thus provokingrenewed discussions relating to the productionand consumption of alcoholic beverages atthis early time. Further, they are particularlysignificant in light of results from geneticanalyses, undertaken by a team from theNorwegian University of Life Sciences inOslo, which have suggested that the earliestdomestication of grain occurred in the vicinityof the Karacadağ, i.e. very near to Göbekli Tepe(Heun et al. 1997). Once again, we must ask

Six vessels with capacities of up to 160 litres have so farbeen discovered in-situ at Göbekli Tepe (Photo: NB).

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whether the production of alcohol and thedomestication of grain are interrelated. Finally,the aforementioned insights also provoke newquestions relating to the use and consumptionof alcohol at Göbkli Tepe, which may have been

in the context of religiously motivated feastsand celebrations. Not surprisingly, such eventsare well attested in the ethnographic literatureas a means of attracting and motivating largegroups of people to undertake communal workand projects (Dietler and Herbich 1995).

Results from analyses and considerations

relating to the construction and socialrepercussions of the enclosures at Göbekli Tepewere recently presented in a comprehensivearticle published in Antiquity which was awardedthe Antiquity Prize 2012 and is now available in

open access (http://journal.antiquity.ac.uk/):

Dietrich, O., Heun, M., Notroff, J, Schmidt, K.,Zarnkow, M. (2012) e role of cult and feastingin the emergence of Neolithic communities.New evidence from Göbekli Tepe, south-easternTurkey. Antiquity 86, 333: 674-695.

Visiting Göbekli Tepe

12th May 2012

President Abdullah Gül pays avisit to Göbekli Tepe

On 12th May 2012 the Turkish state president Abdullah Gül visited Göbekli Tepe. KlausSchmidt gave him a tour of the site andexplained some of the most important resultsof our ongoing exvacations. Subsequently,

Klaus Schmidt was invited to attend the annualfestive reception on the occasion of the culturalprize awards at Çankaya Köşk in Ankara inNovember 2012.

President Abdullah Gül and Klaus Schmidt on thevisitors pathway at Göbekli Tepe (Photo: ACK).

A monument at the crossroads to Göbekli Tepe ...

Up to 1000 guests visit Göbekli Tepe every day (Photos, le: CKS, right: NB).


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Göbekli Tepe - Newsletter 2014 14 Exhibition Projects

11th-27th April 2012

Göbekli Tepe exhibition inCottbus

In the frame of our cooperation with theBrandenburg University of Technology inCottbus focusing on the formulation of asite management plan for Göbekli Tepe, aphotographic exhibition was organised from11th-27th April 2012. e exhibition – GöbekliTepe. A Stone Age Hill Sanctuary – was opened

by way of a public lecture held by Klaus Schmidton 10th April 2012.

e exhibition in the foyer of the library of BTUCottbus (Photo: NB).

12th March - 12th April 2013

e River Flowing westward

„e River Flowing Westward“ is a project

headed by Prof. Dr. Bekir Karlığa, a scholar whohas made valuable contributions to developingthe so called Alliance of Civilizations Philosophy .Göbekli Tepe featured in a recent documentary

initiated byBekir Karlığaand broadcast byTRT, BBC Worldand Channel 4.

An exhibitionfocusing on the

project, includinga poster onGöbekli Tepe, wasdisplayed in 2013at the International

Atatürk Airport inIstanbul.

„e River FlowingWestward“ at theInternational Atatürk

Airport Istanbul (Photo:

CKS).

25th April – 14th September 2012

Exhibition at theGerman Research

Foundation (DFG)

Under the title Vom Feld übers Laboran die Öffentlichkeit (From the Fieldvia the Laboratory to the Public)an exhibition on the archaeology ofthe Near East was presented at theHead Office of the German ResearchFoundation (DFG) in Bonn. e DFGis a research funding organizationsupporting scientists with grantprogrammes, prizes and by fundinginfrastructure in science, engineering,and the humanities. e Göbekli Teperesearch project is one of a number of its long-term projects from the humanities and socialsciences. Together with nine other long-term

projects the variety of archaeological researchfunded by the foundation was illustrated in theexhibition and accompanying lectures.

Project Coordinators of DFG long-term projects gathered at theexhibition in Bonn (Photo: DFG).


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Göbekli Tepe: Commemorative50 Lira Coin

On the 23rd October 2012, the Republic of

Turkey announced the mintage of a silver50 Lira Göbekli Tepe commemorative coin.

While its face shows a reconstruction of themonumental enclosures in the main excavationarea, its reverse side features a view of EnclosureD, after a photo taken by Berthold Steinhilber.

ht tp : / /www.darphane .gov . t r / t r /p roduc t s .php?parent_id=197&content_id=198#content.php?parent_id=197&content_id=198

Stamp showing Göbekli Tepe

A special issue stamp showing enclosure B,edited by the government of Şanlıurfa.

Göbekli Tepe on TV

As in previous years, the spring and autumnseasons 2013 saw visits to Göbeki Tepe from

several film teams from Turkey, Western Europe, Japan, theUnited Statesand Brazil.ese teamsspent timeon-site aswell as at ourexcava t ionhouse inŞanlıurfa.

Inspired by Göbekli Tepe

WDR-Team from Germany filming find-processingin the courtyard of the excavation house inŞanlıurfa (Photo: CKS).

Great Göbekli Tepe Panorama

Artist AbdullrahmanBirden working ona reconstructionof Stone Age lifeat Göbekli Tepe tobe displayed in thenew ArchaeologicalMuseum in Şanlıurfa.(Photo: ACK)

A group of Urban Sketchers from Istanbulvisited Göbekli Tepe in May 2013. A series ofappealing watercolors was the result.

ht tp : / /ha r ika s z aza .b log spot .de /2013/05 /gobeklitepe-sketched.html

Urban sketchers at Göbekli Tepe

Watercolour of pillars from Göbekli Tepe bySamantha Zaza.


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30th April to 4th May 2012

8 th ICAANE (International

Congress on the Archaeologyof the Ancient Near East) in

Warsaw, Poland

e 8th ICAANE was heldin Warsaw from 30th Aprilto 4th May 2012. iscongress, which takes placeevery two years, is one of themost important meetings

for archaeologists working in the Near East.e 8th ICAANE attracted more than 1000participants, with some 450 presentations held

in numerous workshops. e Göbekli Tepeproject was represented by Oliver Dietrich whospoke at the workshop “Defining the Sacred:

Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion in theNear East ”. His paper, entitled “e First Templesof Mankind. Defining the Sacred at Göbekli Tepe ”,focused on the traceability of ritual practices inarchaeological features at Göbekli Tepe.

e contribution by the project team will be published as:

O. Dietrich, J. Notroff (in preperation): A sanctuary,or so fair a house? In defense of an archaeologyof cult at Pre-Pottery Neolithic Göbekli Tepe. In:

N. Laneri (ed.), Defining the sacred: Approachesto the Archaeology of Religion in the Near East ,Oxford: Oxbow.

March 2012 and 2013

ITB (International Tourism Fair)

in Berlin

From the 7th-11th March 2012 the ITB(International Tourism Fair) was held inBerlin. By invitation of the city of Şanlıurfa,the Göbekli Tepe project team was integratedinto the running of the exhibition stand, which

was dedicated to the archaeological site ofGöbekli Tepe. For this purpose the stand wasappropriately adorned with wooden replicas ofthe T-pillars and carried large format prints ofthe site. At the main stand of the Republic ofTurkey, the promotional potential of Göbekli

Tepe was also apparent through the presentationof pictures and a film of the excavations. Notonly did we speak with several tour operators,we were also fortunate in that we could greetat the stand E. Günay, the Turkish Minister

for Culture, and M. Süzlü, General Director ofthe Turkish Administration of Antiquities. esuccess of this first presentation at the ITB ledto a repetition from the 6th-10th March 2013,when we were visited by Ö. Çelik, the newMinister of Culture of the Republic of Turkey.

Impression from the International TourismExchange 2013 in Berlin (Photo: CKS).

Events 2012-13

Visitors to the Göbekli Tepe Pavilion at the ITB2013, from le to right: U ğ ur Büyükhatipoğ lu,chairman of the provincial administration ofŞanlıurfa, Gözde ahin, cultural attaché in Berlin,Klaus Schmidt, Celalettin Güvenç, governor ofŞanlıurfa province, Ömer Çelik, minister of cultureand tourism, Bülent Arinç, Deputy Prime Minister,and Emin Önen, parlamentarian of Şanlıurfa(Photo: CKS).


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11th-14th April 2012

Symposium:‘Death Shall Have No

Dominion’Cambridge, UK

Death Shall Have No Dominion: e Archaeology of Mortality and Immortality – AWorldwide Perspective was a symposium heldat the McDonald Institute for Archaeologicalresearch, University of Cambridge, in April2012, organised by Sir Colin Renfrew, Dr.Michael Boyd and Dr. Iain Morley. Scientists

from a broad number of disciplines were invitedto this meeting, all of whom had quite differentunderstandings and conceptualisations of deathin human societies. e aim of this meetingwas to discuss the role of death in beliefsystems diachronically and supra-regionally.e spectrum of contributions ranged fromevolutionary biological descriptions of howdifferent mammals deal with death, throughvarious archaeological and historical examplesof mortuary practices and associated rituals, to

results from recent ethnological field studies.e Urfa Project was represented by JensNotroff who presented a report on results fromexcavations at Göbekli Tepe as well as theirpotential for interpretation in the frame of Pre-Pottery Neolithic mortuary practices.

e contribution by the project Team will be published as:

Jens Notroff, Oliver Dietrich,

Klaus Schmidt (inpreperation): Gatheringof the Dead? e EarlyNeolithic sanctuariesof Göbekli Tepe,Southeastern Turkey, in: C.Renfrew, M. Boyd and IainMorley (ed.), Death shallhave no Dominion: e

Archaeology of Mortalityand Immortality – A

Worldwide Perspective,Cambridge.

Group photo of participants at the symposium „Death shallHave No Dominion“ in Cambridge (11th-14th April 2012)(Photo: PD)

Events 2012-13

May 2012 and 2013

34 th and 35 th internationalsymposium of excavations and

Surveys in Çorum 2012 and Muğla 2013

As in previous years the results of excavationsat Göbekli Tepe were presented at the yearlyarchaeological symposium, organised by theMinistry of Culture. It was held in 2012 inÇorum and in 2013 in Muğla. e reports arepublished in Turkish language and are availableonline:

www.kulturvarliklari.gov.tr/

e mayor of anlıurfa Dr. Ahmed E. Fakıbabaintroduces one of the lectures on Göbekli Tepe(Photo: CKS).


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Any explanation which seeks to assign the widevariety of reciprocal links and diverse interactionscontributing to Neolithisation to changedecological conditions is far too simple. Indeed,as early as the 1960s, Robert J. Braidwood askedwhy the Neolithic Revolution only began at theclose of the last ice age and not at the onset of anearlier interstadial. is point was later pickedup on by J. Cauvin (1994), who for the firsttime sought an explanation for Neolithisationas a psycho-cultural phenomenon, thoughat this time he was still unable to answerBraidwood’s question concerning the timing ofthis development (cf . Watkins 2010: 621-622).

Since the 1990s (so-called decade of the brain)an increased number of studies in neuroscience,cognitive, developmental and evolutionarypsychology, and philosopy of consciousnesshave focused on the development of the human

mind and psyche. It is these studies which mayyet provide an explanation for the timing ofNeolithisation. Accordingly, it is posited that atleast until the end of the Palaeolithic, humancognitive skills were not adequately evolved andthat they also lacked the essential intellectualfoundation for coping with Neolithisationprocesses (cf . Donald 1991; Mithen 1996;Boyer 2001; Dunbar / Gamble / Gowlett 2010;

see also Watkins 2010).It is in the context of this broad intellectual

discussion that Klaus Schmidt (German Archaeological Institute, Berlin) and Trevor Watkins (University of Edinburgh) recentlyinitiated a three-year research project “OurPlace: Our Place in the World ”, financed bythe John Templeton Foundation. Focus ofthis multi-disciplinary research project is theinvestigation of how first large, permanently co-residential communities functioned, and howand why they networked. It is held that a betterunderstanding of Early Neolithic worldviewsis one way that this goal may be achieved. Forthis reason, Our Place: Our Place in the World brings together selected scientists from severaldifferent disciplines, including psychologists,philosophers, cultural historians, in addition toarchaeologists.

An initial workshop for invited members ofthe Our Place: Our Place in the World group washeld in Istanbul and Şanlıurfa in October 2012(for a complete list of participiants, see Watkinsand Schmidt 2012). is meeting provided astage for presentations, talks and first intensediscussions, as well as the opportunity to visitGöbekli Tepe itself.

Events 2012-13

Initial Workshop (held in October 2012 in Istanbul and Şanlıurfa)

Our Place:Our Place in the World

A new approach to Early Neolithic society and symbolism

Fig. 16: Workshop participants at Göbekli Tepe, 2nd October 2012 (Photo: JN).


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7th October 2012

International workshopPalaeoenvironment

and the Development of Early Societies inŞanlıurfa, Turkey

On 7th October 2012, a workshop organisedby members of Research Cluster 1 (FromSedentism to Complex Societies ) of the German

Archaeological Institute was held in Şanlıurfa,Turkey. In papers by invited scientists the role

played by the environment in the developmentof early complex societies in the Holocenewas illuminated and discussed. Notably,presentations were not limited to studies ofUpper Mesopotamian and Near Eastern data,but more importantly set out to highlight aglobal perspective on the relationship betweenenvironment and the emergence of morecomplex (first and foremost Neolithic) systemsand lifeways. Accordingly, contributionsincluded case studies from dispersed geographical

regions, from the Eastern Mediterranean,through Central Europe and Northwest and

West Africa, to South America. A major focusof the meeting was an appraisal of the influenceof climate change on cultural processes in thesediverse regions, a topic still of relevance today,especially for human societies living in marginal(e.g. semi-arid) partsof the world. It couldbe shown that thereare indeed significant

correlations betweenenvironmental changeand cultural transitionsin the Holocene,albeit that prevailingsociocultural factorsshould not be ignoredas equally importantdriving mechanisms inthese processes.

On the two days prior to the workshop (5th

-6 th

October 2012) participants visited the excavations at Göbekli Tepe, the Neolithic site ofÇayönü, the museum at Şanlıurfa, as well as the fortress at Diyarbakır(Photo: MR).

Events 2012-13

2nd to 3rd November 2012

Network meeting of theIstanbul Department, German

Archaeological Department(DAI):

Architecture as indicator foreconomic development (Architektur

als Gradmesser für wirtschaftliche

Entwicklung )

In addition to its general involvement in the

DAI Research Clusters, the Göbekli TepeProject is also committed to the project ScientificNetwork: Economy as Power Base – Pre-ModernForms of Economy in Anatolia based at theDAI in Istanbul. e second network meetingfocused on Architecture as indicator for economicdevelopment . With their presentation, entitled“ Monumentality in hunter-gatherer culturesand new possibilities of interpretation”, KlausSchmidt and Oliver Dietrich discussed whetherthe monumental architecture discovered in

Pre-Pottery Neolithic contexts in the NearEast, evidence for which has been increasingconstantly over the last 30 years, should beinterpreted as a trigger for the radical changedocumented at this time, i.e. the transition tosedentary and food-producing lifeways.


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22nd to 27th August 2013

Under the auspices of the Chinese Academyof Social Sciences and the Shanghai MunicipalGovernment, the first Shanghai ArchaeologyForum (SAF) was held from 22nd to 27th August2013 at the Fine Art Museum Shanghai,formerly Expo Shanghai China Pavilion. eprimary theme of the inaugural forum was thecomparative archaeology of ancient civilizations.Göbekli Tepe was officially recognised as one ofthe most important archaeological discoveriesof the last years. Klaus Schmidt was invited toShanghai to present a keynote lecture.

www.shanghaiarchaeologyforum.org

Events 2012-13

Forthcoming Events

e Göbekli Tepe Project was one of the award-winning excavation projects at the Shanghai Archaeology Forum 2013 (Photo: IL).

Forthcoming

Events in the frame of the„German-Turkish Year of Research,

Education and Innovation“

Under the motto „Science Bridging Nations“Germany and Turkey will be highlightingsuccessive cooperations in the International Year

of Science (2014). e Göbekli Tepe projectteam will contribute to this effort at threedifferent events.

ITB 2014

At the beginning of this year´s InternationalTourism Fair (ITB) in Berlin, an introductoryevent will be organized in cooperation with theTurkish Embassy. e director of the GöbekliTepe excavations, Klaus Schmidt, will sum upresults from long-term archaeological researchin the Şanlıurfa region under the title A succesfulGerman-Turkish cooperation: From Nevalı Çorito Göbekli Tepe .

DFG Conferences

Later this year two workshops will be heldin cooperation with the German ResearchFoundation in Bonn (2nd - 5th June 2014)

Anatolien - Brücke der Kulturen: AktuelleFoschungen und Perspektiven in den deutsch-türkischen Altertumswissenschaften and Şanlıurfa(21st - 24th September 2014) under the generaltitle Bridging Continents – Earliest VillageFarming communities in Anatolia: RecentResearch Perspectives and Future Challenges.


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Göbekli Tepe - Newsletter 2014 22 Forthcoming Events

Göbekli Tepe in Ankara

Copies of pillars from Göbekli Tepe are currentlybeing prepared by artists from Atölye Demirtaşin Istanbul. ese copies will be displayed atthe exhibition of the Anadolu MedeniyetleriMüzesi, the National Museum in Ankara.

http://www.demirtasatolyesi.com

Copy of Pillar 12 is ready for display (Photo: DA).

ICAANE Workshop

A workshop is currently being organised byTrevor Watkins (University of Edinburgh),Marion Benz (University of Freiburg i. Br.) andHans Georg K. Gebel (Free-University Berlin) in the frame of the 9th International Congresson the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East(ICAANE), to be held in Basel, Switzerlandfrom 9 th –13th June 2014:

e Construction of NeolithicCorporate Identities (abstract)

One of the most momentous thresholds in

the longer-term evolution of human socialitywas neolithisation – the transition from moreflexible mobile foraging communities tosedentary and complex corporate societies. Fortoo long Neolithic research has concentratedon the economic side of this transition, whilethe formation and maintenance of theseearly large-scale communities could not havedeveloped without unprecedented cognitiveand social capacities. More than ever before,in these sedentary milieus the human ability to

perceive selectively, to memorize associatively,and to act in a collaborative way, evolved bysteadily valorizing, symbolically charging andcommunicating practices, discourses, spacesand things, including building “traditions”.Corporate identities in the Near Eastern LateEpipalaeolithic and Neolithic were not onlyformed and sustained by commonly acceptedtangible things (images, paraphernalia, practicesetc.), they were also promoted and transformedby intangible modes, codes and ideological

concepts.e workshop aims to identify and

translate the empirical evidence of the differentintangibles that helped to form Epipalaeolithicand Neolithic group identities. One of theapproaches might be the concept of (inter-)mediality by which cognitive competencesbehind corporate strategies can be identified.In addition to prehistoric archaeologists, theworkshop invites contributions from specialistsin evolutionary and cognitive sciences.

Contact: [email protected]

Akyürek Holding

an important Sponsor for theinfrastructure of the archaeological

park at Göbekli Tepe

A visitors’ centre erected by the Turkishauthorities in winter 2012/13 is situated at theentrance to the archaeological area. Its doors areexpected to open in spring 2014. e visitors’centre includes a cafeteria, several shops andlavatories. A shuttle service will also be installedto transfer visitors from the parking areas at thevisitors’ centre to the excavation area located

about 800 metres away. Akyürek Holding plansto sponsor these logistics.


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23Göbekli Tepe - Newsletter 2014 Forthcoming Events

e new Şanlıurfa Archaeological Museum

Upon completion the new ArchaeologicalMuseum in Şanlıurfa will be one of the biggestmuseums in Turkey. e Palaeolithic, Neolithicand Chalcolithic periods will take prominentplace in the new exhibition. A life-size copyof Enclosure D from Göbekli Tepe will beon display in the Neolithic section. Anotherattraction will be the so-called “Terrazzobuilding” from Nevalı Çori, which wasdismantled in 1991 before the site was floodedby the rising waters of the Atatürk Dam on theEuphrates; re-construction commenced in oneof the museum exhibition halls in winter 2013.

Construction work at the new museum in winter2013 (Photo, top: NB, bottom: MA).

e re-construction of the Nevalı Çori “Temple”(Photo: MA).

References

Boyer, P. 2001: Religion Explained. e HumanInstincts that Fashion Gods, Spirits and Ancestors .

London.Braidwood, R.J., et al. 1953: Symposium: did man

once live by beer alone? American Anthropologist 55, 4, 515-526.

Cauvin, J. 1994: Naissance de divinités, naissancede l’agri-culture. La révolution des symboles auNéolithique. Paris.

Dietler, M. and Herbich, I. 1995: Fearst and labormobilization. Dissecting a fundamental economicpractice. M. Dietler and B. Hayden (eds.): Feasts.

Archaeological and ethnographic perspectiveson food, politics, and power. Washington andLondon, 240-264.

Dietrich O, Schmidt, K. 2010: A Radiocarbon datefrom the Wall Plaster of Enclosure D of GöbekliTepe. Neo-Lithics 2/10, 82-83.

Dietrich, O., Heun, M., Notroff, J., Schmidt, K. andZarnkow, M. 2012: e role of cult and feastingin the emergence of Neolithic communities.New evidence from Göbekli Tepe, south-easternTurkey. Antiquity 86, No. 333, 674-695.

Dietrich, O., Köksal-Schmidt, Ç., Notroff, J. andSchmidt, K. 2013: Establishing a RadiocarbonSequence for Göbekli Tepe. State of Researchand New Data. Neo-Lithics 1/13, 36-41.

Donald, M. 1991: Origins of the Human Mind: reeStages in the Evolution of Culture and Cognition.Cambrigde, MA.

Dunbar, R.I.M., Gamble, C., Gowlett, J.A.J. (eds.)2010: Social Brain, Distributed Mind . Oxford.

Herrmann, R. A., Schmidt, K. 2012: GöbekliTepe - Untersuchungen zur Gewinnungund Nutzung von Wasser im Bereich dessteinzeitlichen Bergheiligtums, in: Klimscha, F.,et al. (Hrsg.), Wasserwirtschaftliche Innovationenim archäologischen Kontext. Studien aus denForschungsclustern des DAI. Bd. 5. Forschungs-cluster 2. Innovationen, Rahden, 57-67.

Heun, M., Schäfer-Pregl, R., Klawan, D., Castagna,R., Accerbi, M., Borghi, B. Salamini, F. 1997:Site of Einkorn wheat domestication identified

by DNA fingerprints. Science 278: 1312-1314.


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Katz, S.H., Voigt, M.M. 1986: Bread and beer: theearly use of cereals in the human diet. Expedition 28,2: 23-34.

McGovern, P.E. 2009: Uncorking the past: the quest for wine, beer, and other alcoholic beverages .Berkeley (CA) and London.

Mithen, S. 1996: e Prehistory of Mind. A Search forthe Origins of Art, Religion and Science . London.

Piesker (forthcoming): Neues vom GöbekliTepe. Bericht über die bauforscherischenUntersuchungen 2010-2012. Zeitschrift fürOrient-Archäologie .

Schmidt, K. 2012: Göbekli Tepe. A Stone AgeSanctuary in South-Eastern Anatolia . Berlin, exoriente .

Watkins, T. 2010: New Light on NeolithicRevolution in South-West Asia. Antiquity 84, N°325, 621–634.

Watkins, T. and Schmidt, K. 2012: Our Place: OurPlace in the World: Workshop at Urfa Initiatesa ree-Year Research Project on Göbekli Tepeand Contemporary Settlements in the Region.Neo-Lithics 1 /12, 43– 46.

New Publications2011

Dietrich, O. 2011: Radiocarbon dating the firsttemples of mankind. Comments on 14C-datesfrom Göbekli Tepe. Zeitschrift für Orient-

Archäologie 4, 12-25.

Grupe, G., Peters, J. 2011: Climate conditions,hunting activities and husbandry practices in thecourse of the Neolithic transition. e story toldby stable isotope analysis of human and animalskeletal remains. In: Pinhasi, R.; Stock, J.T.

(eds.): Human Bioarchaeology of the transition toagriculture. Hoboken, NJ, 63-85.

Schmidt, K. 2011: Göbekli Tepe: A Neolithic Sitein Southeastern Anatolia, in: Steadman, S.R., McMahon, G. (eds.): Oxford Handbook of

Ancient Anatolia. 10,000-323 B.C.E , Oxford,918-933.

Schmidt, K. 2011: Göbekli Tepe kazısı 2009 yılıraporu, in: 32. Kazı sonuçları toplantısı. Istanbul2010. T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. Kültür

Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara,2. cilt, 209-224.

Schmidt, K. 2011: Göbekli Tepe, in: Özdoğan, M.,Başgelen, N., Kuniholm, P. (eds.), e Neolithicin Turkey . New Excavations & New Research.e Euphrates Basin, Istanbul, 1-83.

2012Becker, N., Dietrich, O., Götzelt, T., Köksal-

Schmidt, Ç., Notroff, J., Schmidt, K. 2012:Materialien zur Deutung der zentralenPfeilerpaare des Göbekli Tepe und weiterer Ortedes obermesopotamischen Frühneolithikums,

Zeitschrift für Orient-Archäologie 5, 14-43.

Dietrich, O., Heun, M., Notroff, J., Schmidt, K.,Zarnkow, M. 2012: e role of cult and feastingin the emergence of Neolithic communities.

New evidence from Göbekli Tepe, SE Turkey, Antiquity 86, 674-695.

Dietrich, O., Köksal-Schmidt, Ç., Kürkcüoğlu, C.,Notroff, J., Schmidt. K. 2012; Göbekli Tepe –

A Stone Age ritual center in SE Turkey. Actual Archaeology 2, 32-51.

Dietrich, O., Köksal-Schmidt, Ç., Kürkcüoğlu, C.,Notroff, J., Schmidt. K. 2012: Göbekli Tepe- Insanoğlunun ilk tapınağı. Dünyanın en eskianıtı. Aktüel Arkeoloji 27, 50-68.

Dietrich, O., Köksal-Schmidt, Ç., Kürkcüoğlu, C.,Notroff, J., Schmidt. K. 2012: Göbekli Tepe –insanlığın ilk kutsal anıtı. Aktüel Arkeoloji 26,52-55.

Herrmann, R. A., Schmidt, K. 2012: GöbekliTepe - Untersuchungen zur Gewinnungund Nutzung von Wasser im Bereich dessteinzeitlichen Bergheiligtums, in: Klimscha, F.,et al. (Hrsg.), Wasserwirtschaftliche Innovationenim archäologischen Kontext. Studien aus denForschungsclustern des DAI. Bd. 5. Forschungs-cluster 2. Innovationen, Rahden, 57-67.

Ottoni, C., Flink, G. L., Evin, A., Geo, C., deCupere, B., van Neer, W., Bartosiewicz, L.,Linderholm, A., Barnett, R., Peters, J. et al.2012: Pig Domestication and Human-MediatedDispersal in Western Eurasia Revealed through

Ancient DNA and Geometric Morphometrics .Molecular Biology and Evolution. doi: 10.1093/molbev/mss261

Schmidt, K. 2012. Die frühholozäne Gesellschaft

Obermesopotamiens und ihre Subsistenz(Türkei), Cancik-Kirschbaum, E., Eichmann,R., Bienert, H.-D. (eds.), Archäologie in

Publications and References


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Vorderasien. Forschung im Spannungsfeld zwischenVergangenheit und Zukunft. Zehn DFG-Langfristprojekte im Porträt. Begleitheft zur

Ausstellung, Bonn, 68-73.

Schmidt, K. 2012: Die megalithischen Kreisanlagendes steinzeitlichen Göbekli Tepe, in: Dally, O.,Moraw, S., Ziemssen, H. (Hrsg.): Bild – Raum– Handlung . Pespektiven der Archäologie. Topoi.Berlin Studies of the Ancient World. Volume 11,Berlin – Boston, 243-254.

Schmidt, K. 2012: Göbekli Tepe kazısı 2010 yılıraporu, in: 33. Kazı sonuçları toplantısı. Malatya2011. T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. KültürVarlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara3. cilt, 319-339.

Schmidt, K. 2012: Göbekli Tepe. A Stone AgeSanctuary in South-Eastern Anatolia . Berlin, exoriente .

Wiechmann, I. 2012: Poor DNA preservationin bovine remains excavated at Pre-PotteryNeolithic Göbekli Tepe (Southeast Turkey): Briefcommunication, Kaiser, E., Burger, J., Schier,

W. (eds.): Population Dynamics in Prehistoryand Early History . New Approaches by UsingStable Isotopes and Genetics, Berlin, Boston: DeGruyter, 2012, 41-44.

2013Dietrich, O., Köksal-Schmidt, Ç., Kürkcüoğlu, C.,

Notroff, J., Schmidt. K. 2013: A stairway to thecircle of boars. New insights in the constructionplan of Göbekli Tepe´s Enclosure C. Actual

Archaeology 5, 30-31.

Lang, C., Peters, J., Pöllath, N., Schmidt, K., Grupe,G. 2013: Gazelle behavior and human presenceat early Neolithic Göbekli Tepe, SE Anatolia.

Journal of World Archaeology 45, 3, 410-429.

Peters, J., Buitenhuis, H., Grupe, G., Schmidt, K.,Pöllath, N. 2013: e Long and Winding Road:Ungulate Exploitation and Domestication inEarly Neolithic Anatolia (10000-7000 calBC) in:Colledge, S., Conolly, J., Dobney, K., Manning,K., Shennan, S. (eds.): e Origins and Spread ofDomestic Animals in Southwest Asia and Europe ,

Walnut Creek, California, 83-114.

Schmidt, K. 2013: Göbekli Tepe kazısı 2011 yılıraporu, in: 34. Kazısonuçları toplantısı. Çorum2012. T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. KültürVarlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara1. cilt, 79-90.

Schmidt, K. 2013, „Adler und Schlange“ –„Großbilder“ des Göbekli Tepe und ihreRezeption, in: Yalcin, Ü. (Hrsg.), Anatolian MetallVI. Der Anschnitt Beiheft 25. Veröffentlichungenaus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Nr. 195,Bochum, 145-152.

Schmidt, K. 2013, Göbekli Tepe (SoutheasternTurkey) – Megalithic Sanctuaries andthe “Neolithic Revolution”, in: Shanghai

Archaeology Forum (Hrsg.), 2013 SAF Selection

Program Project s, Shanghai, 50-55 (englischerund chinesischer Text).

Schmidt, K. 2013, Die Gestaltung des sakralen Raumsim Frühneolithikum Obermesopotamiens, in:Gerlach, I., Raue, D. (Hrsg.), Sanktuar undRitual. Heilige Plätze im archäologischen Befund,

Menschen – Kulturen – Traditionen. Studienaus den Forschungsclustern des DAI. Band 10.Forschungscluster 4. Heiligtümer, Rahden, 235-243.

Schmidt, K. 2013, Von Knochenmännern undanderen Gerippen: Zur Ikonographie halb-und vollskelettierter Tiere und Menschen inder prähistorischen Kunst, in: Feldmann, S.,Uthmeier, T. (Hrsg.): Gedankenschleifen.Gedenkschrift für Wolfgang Weißmüller,Erlanger Studien zur prähistorischen Archäologie1, 195-201.

2014Peters J., Schmidt, K., Dietrich, O., Pöllath,

N. 2014: Göbekli Tepe: Agriculture andDomestication. Smith, C. (ed.): Encyclopedia ofGlobal Archaeology , 3065-3068.

Dietrich, O., Köksal-Schmidt, Ç., Kürkcüoğlu, C.,Notroff, J., Schmidt. K. 2014: Göbekli Tepe.Preliminary Report on the 2012 and 2013Excavation Seasons. Neo-Lithics 1/2014, 11-17.

Publications and References


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Autumn 2013 (Photo: NB).

ArchaeobotonyReinder Neef

Anthropology Julia Gresky

Building History Katja Piesker

Obsidian Sourcing Tristan Carter

Excavation directors: Klaus Schmidt, A. Cihat Kürkcüoğlu

Representatives of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism: Nejat Atar, Nedim Dervisoğlu, Gülay Şahin

Fulltime Staff Fieldwork, documentation, databases: Oliver Dietrich, Çiğdem Köksal-Schmidt, Jens Notroff

Photographic documentation: Nico Becker

GIS and AutoCAD documentation: omas Urban, omas Götzelt (until 2013)

Student research assistants: Franz Becker, Annette Schuster

Excavation participants 2012/13Özlem Ekinbaş, Ricarda Fierenz, Doğan Güneş, Dilan Hasar, Birthe Heemeier, Christian Hübner, Vedat Hurma,Çetin Kaya, Stefan Krauth, Karin Kulhanek, Dmitri Loskut, Jan Makowiak, Tilman Müller, Stephan Prütting,

Julia Seidel, Bülent Sever, Devrim Sönmez, Felicia Stein, Sabine Stockburger, Akf Sücü, Adil Tagiyev, MatthiasTschuch, Benny Waszk, Bayram Yakut, Sabri Yıldız, Shannon Ziegler.

Archaeozoology / ArchaeoBioCenter Project coordinator: Joris Peters

Archaeological data acquisition and analysis: Nadja PöllathResearch assistants: Ursula Mutze, Ferdinand M. Neuberger, Ingrid Wiechmann, Michaela Zimmermann

Site Management PlanProject coordinators: Klaus Rheidt, Leo SchmidtResearch assistants: Anja Mehrbach, Smriti Pant

John Templeton FoundationProject coordinators: Klaus Schmidt, Trevor WatkinsResearch assistants: Jörg Becker, Lee Clare

ArchaeNova e.V.ArchaeNova e.V. is a society founded in 1995 by researchers of the Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology at theUniversity of Heidelberg. It is an independant organization supporting the archaeological research at Göbekli

Tepe in southeastern Turkey.Tax deducible donations are welcome to:Sparkasse Heidelberg

IBAN: DE19 6725 0020 0001 3117 86BIC: SOLADES1HDB


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Documents

Göbekli Tepe Newsletter 2014-Libre