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ISBN9789609533270 2012..38.254622 23102647486946461460
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: AdrienHubertBru,Cartegnraledel'Europeen1789.Atlasuniverselde
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StavrosGouloulisFromMountAthostoMeteora:theDiffusionoftheHesychasm
andtheByzantinePoliticalTiming(TheContributionofAthanasiosFounderoftheMeteoron)
Inthisarticlearereexaminatedsomewellknowndocuments,theLifeofhosiosthanasioseteoritesand
th severaldeedsfromMeteora,datedin14
c.,whereitisdefinedtheexactconditionofthetransferofthe
ideasandpracticeoftheHesyhasmfromMountAthostotheRocksnearthetownofStagi,latercalledMe
teora.ThepersonalitieswhotransferredtheseideaswereGregoriosStylites,whohadhisoriginsfromCon
stantinople and Athanasios Meteorites from Neopatra. These men
about 1335 founded, without a pre
existingstatus,thelocalmonachism,firstinStylosandlaterinPlatylithos/Meteoron.Theiroptiontocomein
Western Thessaly is connected with the missionary spirit of the
cycle of Hesychasts, first of all of Saint
GregoriosSinaites,theirmasterandleader,whohadintentiontospeadHesychasminalltheChristianWorld
and a renewal of ecclesiastical life. It was about the second
millennium of the Christian word (325/35
1325/35).ThisintermediaryroleactedIakovosbishopofServia,anelegantdiscipleofSinaites,wholeadedto
StagoiGregoriosStylitesandAthanasios;whiletenyearsbefore,about1325/26,hadprecededthefounda
tion of the Scete of Veroea by Gregorios Palamas and his disciples.
During 14th c. Western Thessaly was a flourising district in
contrary to disflourising Eastern Thessaly and almost without
inhabitants. Trikala, the
moreimportanttown,wastheseeofmetropolitanAntoniosofLarissa(1333ff),anexmonkfromLavraof
MountAthos,acenteroftheHesychasts,wholaterbecameaKatholikosKritsofRomaioi;hewaspatriot
andpoliticalfriendoftheQueenAnnaofSavoy,wifeofAndronikosIII.Someotherpersonalitieswholivedin
MeteoronwerethehieromonachoiAgathonfromMountAthosandacertainlocalmanIgnatios,aswellas
Neilos,thefirstProtosoftheSceteofStagi,whichhadfoundedbythesameAntonios(1362).Themonastery
ofMeteoronwasunderthesupervision(ephoreia)ofthemonasteryofZavladia/HagiosNikolaosinTrikala,a
stavropegionofOekumenicalThrone.Themovementoftheesychasm,stepbystepfromMountAthosto
Thessaloniki,Veroea,Servia,Stagoi,Trikala(Thessaly)isconnectedwiththeeffortsforthecompleteholding
ofthisareabytheByzantineEmpire.After1393,whentheOttomansoccupatedWesternThessalyandthe
preexistentmonasticalcommunitieswerecollapsed,Meteoronwasinlifewithitsothermetochia,because
ithasanincreasingnumberofmonkswhogaveittheirproperties.TherewasnotcontinuityfortheSceteof
Stagoi,afoundationofthepreviouslocalstatusbecausethemonasterieswereundercontrolbythebishop
ricofStagoi.
151
, , . 14 . , , , , , ,(13471350) (13501354, 13551363) . () , , .
, ,( 2010). . , , , ( 1330), / , (2004:8890). (. 1265 1346), , , ,
., , , ( 2004: 76,335,.V). , ( 2004: 71, 317,.VII). , , , , . , ( )
, . ,, , . , , , . .
152
(13031381) , ( 132528 . 1335) (). , (. 13501423), ,
1390(1996b:277289). , ,, . (. 13881390) ( 1990: 129156,
1996a:856)1,, , (1911, : 193739, .), (14.). , 9. ,, . ,
, . ,, 1335, (), , 14 . 2(2011:250,.33, 2004,97103)(1). , , , (
2004: 97, Meyendorff 1983: 103). , 14., , 1325 , . , , (Rigo1999:
128, . 82. 1990: 4647, 137, 1994:119140,130131.). , , , ( 2009a:
1602
1
.
/ , , /, .24.
153
161, 2011: 250251). , 1335 , ( 2009a:160161,2011:250 251). , , ,
,, 1318, 1333 , (Magdalino 1976:30911,1991:39..,74,. 564568, 2002:
1213, 28 ..) 3 ( 2011: 239 266,2009a,Nicol1975, 1991: 6061, . 63
.., 7072, 2002:343344). ( 1981, 468, 1979, 446448)4, 12 , 11 (
1974: 158160,2004:2728,79,.1112, 1993: 1620, 21, Koder Hild 1976:
262263)5. , , , 3 .. .. . 4 1018. 5 .11481163.
. , 1204, , 1333 ( 1989, 5152). .. , , (1318 ..). 1318: , , , .(
1998,93.., 98100,2009b,163198). , , : (1318 1332), (Magdalino 1976:
213 .., Nicol1984:101103,1989:51 ..) 14 . (1333: , . 1348: , .
1356: . 1359: ..1372:). , , (,24)., , .
154
: , , . ( 16) (17), , , . , , , , .., , 14 . , (, ,,, ,
13571372). ( 1987: 153 ..). . ,, , (,17), (Suboti2007), ( 2008a: 16
.., 1982).6 , , , . ,
14 . ( ,1336),12 13 . 12 13 , 13.
6
, , (. ). (1348, . ), . , . , (.., ,.,15). (. , 18: , ).. , , (
19). (Subotic2007)( ). : (16), ( 1974: 9698). , , () , (, 43) . ..
1344
155
( 1911: 1819). 14 (2001). , 14 ., , , , ( ,18). , ( 2011:
254256, 2008c:22,.25).7 , ( ) (,19). ,,. , . .. ( 1911: 16, . 1617.
1617,.2223.87,.1114) , , , , , , ( 1911). ( 1911: 97, . 12
13)8,, 1341(1911:96 97), (. ), . , , (, 24). , , () (), . , , (,
22) . , , , (.28)(2). . , (aerial monastery, icol 1975: 64), , ,
()(1909a,276).1348 8
7 , , . (.. ), (24), .
.
156
( 2011). . , , . , ( 1909a: 275). , 1388 (1911:2427). , . ,1362
(1359. 1370) (1332/33 1363+) ( 2006, 1911:15,.11,89..)9. , , . , ,
. 15 16.,9
, ( 1985: 79121).10 , ., , , . , , . , 1530 , , , , ,
1362 ( ) , . , 1362, .
1) 14 . , ,, . 2) ().3) ., , , , , paxottomanica.16 ., , , .
10
157
, , , (Rigo 1999). ( , , .) . , , ( 20092010).11 , 1335 , : (,
17, . 14 .. 1911: 86, . 4: ... ). , , 1341 ( 1911: 9697), , 12., ,
, , 14., .,, (1391 1406, 1911:38,.5,..47,.13: (1401). (. 46, .
910): , . 12 .. , ,.,25).11
). , (1911:44). 14. . . 14 , 14 .: , (,27)13 , 14.(,28). 1388 .
1401 , (1911:47,2011,251 ..). .14 1) : ( 1362, ) , , (.,1911:90
91), 1387/88 (1911:2427). 2): 13
14.,.1911:8487. 14 .2010.
158
, ( 13401350, . 2008c: 17 ..). 3)() : , , , , , ( ,) ( 1911:
32). , (1362 ..). () , 1367, . ( ) (1362..),(13621372/80)
(13811388+) ( 2008a: 40 ..) , 15. 4):1362 ( 1911: 9495, . 3944). ,
, ()
15 .
, . 5) ()(1911,28,.20,1388): (, , ) (. 13601372) ( 2008b). ,
16.(. , Rigo 1999: 132, . 113 115.138,.188191). 6): , (1911:98100).
7):1390 ( , 1909a: 274 276) (1401)(1911:48). 8) () ,
1391(1911:3839): , . 9) : ) 1. (. ). 2. (, ): , ( 1401,1911:4345).)
(1911:48,.24 26). , , . : .
159
16 . .. 14.:, , , , , , . , . , , ,,, , (, , ): 1) ( ;)
(1911:8687).2) : , (28). (1911:2023), , , ( 1911: 98 100).3)1372 ,
, (1388,1909b:381 386,1911).
(. , , , . , 55). , , (,50). . , , (26,27).: 1.(33: , ). 2., ,
1388, (,40,50). 3. (. , 56: (;), . 4. : , ,, (, 24, 25). (,32). 5.
, . (Ra doslav Chlapen), ( 1372/73). ,
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( ) , , , .(2011) 6. ( ) ( 32): ( 1911:1415,3132,39). 7. , (
1909a:274275). 8. ( ): , (1909a:275276). , , , . , . : , , (. , 47.
. , 1911:8687).
( 2000). , , , (,38). (1994). , , , ) , (, 42). ) , (,30,)., .
,, 16 (2009a 2011).175: ( ;). /, (,6) . 17 9:, (13471350), ,
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, . ,. , 18, (1332),(1333), (1348),(1356), (1359), (. 1372).
(1348..), ( )(1991:73 74,. 2002: 368371). , . .. , (13481356) (,
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( 1991: 74, 553 .., 2002: 370371)20. , 13231334,
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1991: 62, . 133136,. 2002: 347). :1)/ (;),(;),2) ,(;),3) , , 4) ,
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