@g`~p@q~Xy - baliprocess.net · @b@bb| e~.@k~.en~. jEn~jEnn~ ... { sm|bn~{ ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ k`r\&`ly sAvQ{`nyvR apr`{ sm|bn~{ pYZ`p ... mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay hqEn` gw h#k~@k~

$Page 1: @g`~p@q~Xy - baliprocess.net · @b@bb| e~.@k~.en~. jEn~jEnn~ ... { sm|bn~{ ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ k`r\&`ly sAvQ{`nyvR apr`{ sm|bn~{ pYZ`p ... mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay hqEn` gw h#k~@k~$
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sm|bn~{ pY`@q~XWy upk`r k`r\&`ly (Regional Support Office (RSO) to the Bali Process) @vw @y`mEkl yEwOy:

I@m|l~: [email protected] RSO @vb| advQy:

http://www.baliprocess.net/regional-support-office

2015 m#yQ m`s@y~ pYk`Xyt pw~krn lqW

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a{Qk`rWn~ ht ktyEwO kQrWmt idkd lbqQy yEwOy.

1 @mm lQyvQl~l pEr` ‘mQnQs~ j`v`rm’ yn~n s[hn~ krn~@n~ j`wWn~ os~@s~ sAvQ{`nyvR apr`{ sm|bn~{ ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ pYZ`p~wQyt upk`r lb`@qn vQ@X~;@yn~ k`n~w`vn~ sh LmEn~ aq`l mQnQsEn~

j`v`rm| kQrWm v#L#k~vWm, mr\{ny kQrWm sh qdEvm| kQrWm sm|bn~{ @pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ (mQnQsEn~ j`v`rm| kQrWm sm|bn~{ @pY`@t`@k`~ly) 3vn vgn~wQ@y~ ar\} qk~v` a#wQ a`k`ryt ‘mQnQsEn~ j`v`rm|

kQrWm’ yn~n q#k~vWm s[h`y.

1 vn @k`ts:

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{ h#qQn~vWmk~

1.1. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR aykO ynE kv@rkOq?

mQnQs~ j`v`rm ynE vQvQ{ a`k`rvlQn~ a#wQ, kl`py pEr` vQvQ{ gwQl]N @pn~vn nWwQvQ@r`~{W @qykQ. k^;Qkr\my,

iqQkQrWm|, rFkvrN sh sw~k`r, g^hs~} v#d, vQ@n`~q sh kWYd`, vn vQq&`v, msEn~ a#l~lWm, pwl~ kr\m`n~wy, sh

@p~; kr\m`n~wy a#wOU kr\m`n~w r`XQyk k`n~w`vn~, mQnQsEn~ sh qr#vn~v sRr`k$mt lk~@v|. mQnQsEn~ j`w&n~wr

@q~XsWm` os~@s~ @h`~ sQy rt wOl eh` @m`h` ynvQt sRr`k$mt lk~vQy h#kQy. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt mQnQsEn~ @g`qEr#vWmt

@b`@h`~ s`{k @h~wOvRvq, @g`qEr#vWmt vQ@X~;@yn~ lk~vQy h#kQ kN~d`ym| awr @l~KNgw @n`vENE sAkYmNQkyn~,

v`r\gQk sEUwryn~, sh @qm`pQyn~ @n`m#wQv p#mQ@Nn qr#vn~ a#wOlw~@v|. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vWmt sh eyt

@g`qEr#vWm v#dQvWm sm|bn~{ amwr s`{k @ls qEgWbv, vQrFkQy`v, lQAgQk asm`nw`vy, a{&`pn avs~}`vn~ sh

sm|pw~ s[h` pY@v|Xy m[km, sh kYm`nEkSl @ls upw~ lQy`pqQAcQy @n`m#wQvWm q#k~vQy h#kQy.

sQy vys, lQAgy, s~wWY pEr#;bv, lQAgQk h#dg#s~m, j`wQy, v`r\gQk @h`~ sm`j sm|xvy, a`b`{Qwbv, @h`~ avs~}`nEgw

kr#NE @n`slk` o|n$m a@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vQy h#kQy. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykO ynE, iw`m

srlv, mQnQs~ j`v`rm yn apr`{yt lk~vENE pEq~gl@ykQ. j`wWn~ os~@s~ sAvQ{`nyvR apr`{ sm|bn~{ ek~sw~

j`wWn~@g~ pYZ`p~wQyt upk`r lb`@qn vQ@X~;@yn~ k`n~w`vn~ sh LmEn~ aq`l mQnQsEn~ j`v`rm| kQrWm v#L#k~vWm,

mr\{ny kQrWm sh qdEvm| kQrWm sm|bn~{ @pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ (mQnQsEn~ j`v`rm| kQrWm sm|bn~{ @pY`@t`@k`~ly) 1.2 vgn~wQy

mgQn~ qk~v` a#wQ a`k`ryt ‘mQnQsEn~ j`v`rm|kQrWm’ s[h` j`w&n~wr ar\}k}nyk~ lb`qW a#w.

pY`@y`~gQkv, ev#nQ apr`{ykt @g`qEr#vR a@ykOv

hqEn` g#nWm s#mvQtm phsE @n`@v|. b`{k awr

x`;`v sh sAs~k^wQyt aq`l sn~nQ@v|qn axQ@y`~g sh

vQ@X~;@yn~ mElQn~m hmEvR avs~}`@v| vQX~v`sy @n`m#wQkm

@h~wO@vn~ @g`qEr#vR ay vQsQn~ a{Qk`rWn~ @vw k}` kQrWmt

a#wQ akm#w~w a#w. ovEn~@g~ aw~q#kWm| anEv, ovEn~v

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR bv @h`~ sRr`k$mt lk~vR bv

slkn~@n~ @n`m#wQ vQy h#kQy. ovEn~@g~ k#m#w~w lb`

g#nWmt ayEwO blp$m, wr\jn @h`~ rFvtWm kl wQbENq,

smhr# @m| s[h` ovEn~ ekMvENE bv vQX~v`s kryQ. @

mm kr#NE sh @vnw~ kr#NE @h~wO@vn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt

lk~vR @b`@h`~ ayv kQsQqQnk hqEn` @n`gnW.

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vENE a@ykO ev#nQ ww~vyk sQQtWm mgQn~ ev#nQ pEq~gl@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR a@ykO

vX@yn~ pRr\v`nEm`n kQrWm @h`[ pEr#q~qkQ. @mv#nQ pRr\v`nEmQwQyk~ aq`l kr g#nWm mgQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ ym| a@

ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR a@ykO vX@yn~ s#kyk~ a#wQ avs~}`vk, a{Qk`rWn~ mgQn~ ohE @h`~ a#y ay ht upk`r

sh a`r]`v avX& ay vX@yn~ slknE l#bWmyQ. psE avs~}`vk em pEq~gly` mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~ @n`vR a@ykO

vX@yn~ wWrNy krnE l#bEv@h`w~ sh upk`r sh a`r]`v anvX& nm|, em avs~}`@v|qW em upkr il~l` as~kr

gw h#kQy. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR a@ykO@g~ l]N @pn~vn a@ykO X`rWrQk @h`~ lQAgQk adn~@w~t|tm| v#nQ @vnw~

apr`{vltq lk~vR a@ykO vQy h#kQy. ym| a@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @n`v @vnw~ apr`{ykt lk~vR a@ykO bv nQr\

Ny kl@h`w~, ohEv @h`~ a#yv vd`w~ ucQw upk`r @s~v` @vw m`r#kl h#kQy. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay sQy upn~

rtQn~ pQtv sQtQy h#kQ awr sQy r@thQqW j`wQy, a`gm, j`wQkw~vy, ym| sm`j kN~d`ymk @h`~ @q~Xp`ln mwyk

s`m`jQk@ykO vWm @h~wO@vn~ hQAs`vkt lk~vW@m| sm|bn~{@yn~ @h`[Qn~ pqnm|vR bQyk~ wQbQy h#kQy. ev#nQ avs~}vlqW,

ovEn~v srN`gw kQYy`vlQy @vw @y`mEkl yEwOy.

1 vn

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mQnQs~ j`v`rm aw~qkQn lq ay apr`{ykt @g`qEr#vR ay b#vQn~ r`j&yn~ mgQn~ e~ a`k`ryt s#lkQy yEwO awr aq`l

a`k`ryt a`r]`v lb`qQy yEwOy. apr`{vlt @g`qEr#vR ay vWmt amwrv, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay X`rWrQk h`

m`nsQk h`nQ, m`nsQk v{@v|qn`, l#j~j`vt pw~vWm @h`~ k#L#l~vWm, sh a`r\}Qk h`nQ a#wOU ovEn~@g~ m`nv hQmQkm|

sh @vnw~ h`nQq sm|bn~{ aw~q#kWm| vQ[ wQbQy h#kQy.

mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr#@vkOv hqEn`@gn a#wQq, aw~adAgOvt @gn a#wQq, ndE qm` a#wQq n#wQnm| vrqkr# kr a#wQq

yn~n sh h`nQyt lk~vR ay sh mQnQs~ j`v`rm kl bv kQyn ay awr pvEl~ sm|bn~{w`vyk~ wQbENq yn~n @n`slk`

ym| a@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykO bvt s#lkQy yEwOy.

@h`~dEv`v: mQnQs~ j`v`rmt aq`l apr`{ sm|bn~{ av@b`~{y a#wQkQrWm

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR @ls slknE @n`lbn e@hw~ @vnw~ apr`{vlt @g`qEr#vR ayht upk`r sh

a`r]`k vQ{QvQ{`n avX& vQy h#kQy. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ayv hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ vgkWm a#wQ

v^w~wWkyn~ ht a`XQYw apr`{ sm|bn~{@yn~ q#nEvw~ kl yEwO awr avX& a`k`ryt pYwQc`r q#k~vWmt ovEn~t

avX& @q~ lb` qQy yEwOy.

mQ}&`v a#w~w ww~vy

v#dQqEr vQs~wr

s[h` bln~n:

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lkvR ay @ls s#lkWmt

j`w&n~wr @q~XsWm` os~@s~ y` yEwOy.

@b`@h`~ ayv mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~krn~@n~ j`w&n~wr

@q~XsWm` os~@s~ vEvq, rtk @q~XsWm` a#wOlw vEvq mQnQs~

j`v`rm sQqEvQy h#kQy. @my ax&n~wr (g^hs~}) mQnQs~

j`v`rm @ls hqEn~vyQ.

1.2 m`nv hQmQkm| ar\}

q#k~vWm

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vQy h#k~@k~ k`n~w`vn~

sh LmEn~ pmNQ.

mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{ @b`@h`~ pr\@y~;N sh m`{&

a`vrNy a#w~@w~ k`n~w`vn~ sh LmEn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt

lk~ kQrWm sm|bn~{@ynQ. @k@s~vEvq mQnQsEn~vq, b@ln~

XYmy lb`g#nWm a#wOUv, sQyU a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m|vlt

ovEn~v lk~@v|.

1.2 m`nv hQmQkm| ar\}

q#k~vWm

1.3 sRr`k#@m| a`k`r

av@b`~{ kr g#nWm

sQyUm mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay

e@s~ krnn~@n~ lQAgQk vX@yn~~ sRr`k$m

s[h`y.

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vWm sm|bn~{ v#dQpEr pYm`Nyk~

lQAgQk vX@yn~ sRr`k$m s[h` vRvq, b@ln~ XYmy lb`

g#nWm, vhl~x`vy, @h`~ vhl~x`vy h` sm`n @vnw~

pEhENE, prvXw`, in~qQYyyn~ ivw~ kQrWm sh @vnw~

a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m| s[h`q mQnQsEn~v j`v`rm| kl h#kQy.

1.3 sRr`k#@m| a`k`r

av@b`~{ kr g#nWm

2 @mm vgO@v| a#wQ kr#NE sm|bn~{ v#dQqEr vQs~wr phw s~}`nvlQn~ lb`gw h#kQy: Global Report on Trafficking in Persons, UNODC, 2014; ILO Global Estimate of Forced Labour 2012:

Results and Methodology, ILO, 2012; Trafficking in Persons Report 2014, United States Government, Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, 2014.

1 vn vgOv: h`nQyt lk~vR ayv hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{ mQw&` mw sh a#w~w ww~vy

2

5

3 1.3 @k`t@s~ s`kc|C` kl a`k`ryt, vhl~x`vy h` sm`n @vnw~ pEhENE yn~n nQr\vcny kr a#w~@w~ 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and

Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (Supplementary Convention) hQy.

lQAgQk kr\m`n~w@y~ ktyEwO krn sQyUm

ay mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay@v|.

lQAgQk sRr`k$m s[h` krn mQnQs~ j`v`rm mQnQs~

j`v`r@m| vd` bhEl sh @h`[Qn~ @p@nn a`k`ryk~ vEvq,

lQAgQk kr\m`n~w@y~ @y@qn sQyUm ay avX&@yn~m

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay @n`@v|. lQAgQk sRr`k$m s[h`

ym| a@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~k@l~ nm|, blhw~k`ry,

wr\jny, rFvtWm v#nQ whnm| @qyk~ x`vQw` kr wQbQy

yEwOy.

1.3 sRr`k#@m| a`k`r

av@b`~{ kr g#nWm

3.3. mQnQs~ j`v`r@m|

qr\Xk

sQyUm @l~KNgw @n`kl sAkYmNQkyn~

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay@v|. vQ[Qmw~ ww~v

yt@w~ sQtQn sAkYmNQkyn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt

lk~vR ay vQy @n`h#kQy.

mQnQsEn~v sRr`k$mt lk~krn a`k`ryt rtt @gn

a`v`q, rtkt avQ{Qmw~ @ls a#wOUvn sQyUm ay

sRr`k$mt lk~vR ay @n`@v|. wvq, rtkt vQ{Qmw~

m`r\gvlQn~ a#wOUvW rF[W sQtQn ay vEvq mQnQs~ j`v`rmt

lk~vR ay vQy h#kQy.

1.2. m`nv hQmQkm| ar\}

q#k~vWm

2.2 mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR

ayv hqEn`g#nW@m|qW a#wQ

axQ@y`~gyn~ hqEn`g#nWm

sh avX& ktyEwO kQrWm

3.3.mQnQs~ j`v`r@m| qr\Xk

ym| pEq~gl@ykO wm`@g~ ww~vy pQLQgn~n` bv @pnEnq,

n#wQnm| ww~vyn~ (uq`. rFkQy`v) ht mEl sQtm k#m#w~w

qW wQbENq, ohE @h`~ a#y wv qErtw~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR

a@ykO vQy h#kQy. qr#@vkO@g~ k#m#w~w s#mvQtm aq`l

@n`vn awrm ayEwO blp$m, wr\jny @h`~ rFvtWm

v#nQ whnm| kYn x`vQw` kr k#m#w~w lb`gw~@w~ nm|,

v#dQhQtQ@ykO@g~ k#m#w~wq aq`l @n`@v|.

1.2. m`nv hQmQkm| ar\}

q#k~vWm


qr\Xk

n$kmk~ a#wQ @h`~ sm|bn~{w`vyk sQtQn

ayv mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay @ls

s#lkQy @n`h#kQy.

@b`@h`~vQt mQnQs~ j`v`rm| ww~vykt ym| a@ykOv rF@

gn yn~@n~ mQwO@rkO @h`~ n$@ykO vQsQnQ. mQnQs~ j`v`rm|

krn ay sQy @g`qEr# p`lny kQrW@m| a`k`ryk~ @ls

vQv`hy sh @vnw~ smWp sm|bn~{w`q upk`r krgnW.

3


qr\Xk

@pr avs~}`vt vd` psEv wmEn~@g~ jWvQwy

vd` phsE@vn\ @h`~ a`r\}Qk vX@yn~ vd`

@h`[ ww~vyk a#wQ bv mQnQsEn~ vQX~v`s

kQrWm @h~wO@vn~ ovEn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt

@g`qEr#vR ay @ls s#lkQy @n`h#k.

ym| a@ykO ovEn~v mQnQs~ j`v`rm| kQrWmt @pr ipyR mEqlt

vd` v#dQ mEqlk~ hm|b kQrWm sh/@h`~ vd` phsE jWvQwyk~

wQbENq, ovEn~ wv qErtw~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay

vQy h#kQy. sRr`k$m m@n`~mRlQkv a#gyQy yEwOy.

2.2. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR

ayv hqEn`g#nW@m|qW a#wQ

axQ@y`~gyn~ hqEn`g#nWm

sh avX& ktyEwO kQrWm


qr\Xk

sQy ww~vy sm|bn~{@yn~ qn~n` @h`~ e~

s[h` k#m#w~w qW a#wQ bv @p@nn ay

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay @ls s#lkQy

@n`h#k.

1 vn

@k

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1.2. mQnQs~ j`v`rm ar\} nQr$pNy

mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{ @pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ pYk`XQw armENk~ vn~@n~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vn ay ovEn~@g~ m`nv

hQmQkm|vlt pRr\N gr#w~vy a#wQv a`r]`kr upk`r kQrWm@v|.

4 @mm armEN mgQn~ r`j&yn~ vQsQn~ ev#nQ upk`r

sh a`r]`v avX& mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ayv hqEn`g#nWmt anEmQw avX&w`vyk~ a#wQ kryQ. r`j& a{Qk`rWn~ ht

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vn a@ykOv hqEn`g#nWm s[h` apr`{@y~ @@nwQk ar\} q#k~vWm anEv mQnQs~ j`v`rm kOmk~q

yn~n av@b`~{ kr g#nWmt avX&@v|. j`w&n~wr nWwQ@y~, apr`{@y~ ar\}q#k~vWm mQnQsEn~ j`v`rm| kQrWmt sm|bn~{

@pY`@t`~@k`~l@y~ 3 (a) vgn~wQ@yhQ a#w.

“mQnQsEn~ j`v`rm| kQrWm” ynE@vn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ sRr`k$@m| armENE @vnE@vn~ mQnQsEn~t wr\jny @h`~ @vnw~

a`k`r@y~ bly @h`~ @vnw~ ak`r@y~ ayEwO blp$m| @h`~ aphrNy @h`~ vAc`v @h`~ rFvtWm @h`~ bly anQsQ

@ls x`vQw` kQrWm @h`~ qEr\vl ww~vyk~ x`vQw` krmQn~ @h`~ @gvWmk~ @h`~ pYwQl`xyk~ lb`qWm @h`~ lb` g#nWm

s[h` ym| a@ykO @s~v@y~ @y`qv` g#nWm, pYv`hNy, m`r# kQrWm, lM wb` g#nWm @h`~ lb` g#nWm s[h` ym|

kQsQ pEq~gl@ykO sm|bn~{@yn~ blp$m| kl h#kQ @vnw~ pEq~gl@ykO@g~ k#m#w~w lb`g#nWm@v|. sRr`k$m awrt,

avm vX@yn~, @vnw~ ayv gNQk` v^w~wQy @h`~ @vnw~ lQAgQk sRr`k$m| sm|bn~{ sRr`k$mt lk~kQrWm, b@

ln~ XYmy @h`~ @s~v` lb` g#nWm, vhl~bv @h`~ e~ h` sm`n pEhENE, prvXw`v @h`~ in~qQYyyn~ ivw~ kQrWm

a#wOlw~@v|.

phw a#wQ 1 vn rFpy mgQn~ v#dQhQtQ ayv mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~ kQrW@m| apr`{yk wQbQy yEwO mRlQk aAg wOn qk~v`

a#w. mQnQs~ j`v`rm s~}`pny kQrWmt ek~ ek~ wWr@y~ awQ @qyQn~ ekk~ @h`~ wQbQy yEwOy.

4 Trafficking in Persons Protocol hQ 2 (a`) vgn~wQy bln~n.

5 mRl`XYy: Policy Guide on Criminalizing Trafficking in Persons, Bali Process, sm|bn~{ pYwQpw~wQ m`r\@g`~p@q~Xy, 5 vn pQtEv.

+

=

+

kQYy`v

@s~v@y @y`qv`

g#nWm

pYv`hny kQrWm

m`r#kQrWm

wb`g#nWm

mQnQsEn~ lb` g#nWm

phw@q~ a#wOU sRr`k$m:

@vnw~ ayv gNQk`

v^w~wWy s[h` sRr`k$m

@vnw~ a`k`rvl

lQAgQk sRr`k$m

b@ln~ XYmy @h`~ @s~v` lb`

g#nWm

vhl~bv @h`~ e~ h` sm`n

pEr#qE

prvXw`v

in~qQYyyn~ ivw~ kQrWm

wr\jny @h`~ bly

up@y`~gW kr g#nWm

ayEwO bly

rFvtWm

aphrNy vAc`v

bly ayEwO @ls p`lny

hQAs`vt lk~vQy h#kQbv

ayEwO @ls x`vQw` kQrWm

@gvWm| @h`~ pYwQl`x qWm @h`~

lb` g#nWm

mQnQsEn~ j`v`rm| kQrWm

krn a`k`ry armEN

1 vn r$py: mQnQsEn~v j`v`rm| kQrW@m| j`w&n~wr @@nwQk ar\}q#k~vW@m| mElQk aAg:

5

7

@pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ 3 (a`) vgn~wQy mgQn~ qk~vn~@n~ nQym krn lq a`k`r@y~ bly x`vQw` kr a#wQ avs~}`vl

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay@g~ k#m#w~w ar\} vQrhQw vn bvyQ. @pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ 3 (a#) sh (a$) vgn~wQy mgQn~

qk~vn~@n~ @g`qEr#vR ay vys avEr#qE 18t adE qr#vkO vn avs~}`vl nQym krn lq a`k`r op~pE kl yEwO @n`vn

bvyQ.

6

@pY`@t`@k`~ly mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{@yn~ ktyEwO krn pLmEvn j`w&n~wr @l~KNy @n`vEnq, e~ mgQn~

aqvn vQt lb`qW a#wQ vd`w~m @h`[ ar\} nQr$pNy lb`qW a#wQ awr r`j&yn~ mgQn~ j`wQk nWwQ@y~ apr`{

sm|bn~{@yn~ ar\} nQr$pn lb`qWmt s[h` vQX~v`sy wbn pY`}mQk j`w&n~wr lQyvQl~l @my@v|. 3 vn vgn~wQ@y~

a#wQ ar\} nQr$pNy mgQn~ pQrQmQn~ sh LmEn~q mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vQy h#kQ bv sh ‘sRr`k$mt’ lQAgQk sRr`k$m

pmNk~ @n`v @vnw~ a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m|q a#wOlw~ vn~@n~y yn av@b`~{y sm|mwyk~ kQrWm s[h` upk`rvW a#w.

7

ar\} nQr$pn@y~ a#wOlw~kr a#wQ sRr`k$@m| a`k`rvlt ‘prvXw ’̀ sh ‘in~qQYyyn~ ivw~ kQrWm’ @mn~m ‘b@ln~ XYmy @

h`~ @s~v` lb` g#nWm’, sh ‘vhl~bv @h`~ vhl~bv h` sm`n pEhENE’ a#wOlw~@v|. @mm l#yQs~wOv mgQn~ sRr`k$m krn

a`k`r@y~ s#lkQy yEwO avm sm|mwyn~ qk~vn awr ey sm|pRr\N l#yQs~wOvk~ @n`vn awr @m| @h~wOv nQs` ar\}

nQr$pNyt sEnm&w`vyk~ lb`@qn awr nv sRr`k$m| anEv ey anEvr\wny kl h#kQy.

mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{ an~wr\j`wQk ar\} nQr$pNy nQr\vcny krn vQvQ{ a`k`r a#w. smhr pY@v|Xyn~t

anEv sRr`k$m p@sk wb`, mQnQs~ j`v`rm slknE lbn~@n~ @g`qEr#vn a@ykO sRr`k$m @vw lb`@qn kQYy`vlQy

(““@s~v@y~ @y`qv` g#nWm, pYv`hNy kQrWm, m`r#kr y#vWm, LM wb` g#nWm, @h`~ lb` g#nWm”) vX@yn~ vn awr,

@vnw~ ay av@b`~{kr gn~n` a`k`ryt apr`{y wOl kQYy`vlQy sh avs`n pYwQPly (“““““““““‘“““““““““sRr`k$m’’”) yn @qkm a#w.

uq`hrN vX@yn~, q#dQ G^jE ar\}nQr$pNyk~ mgQn~ eh`@mh` @gny`m mQnQs~ j`v`rmt aq`l n#wQ awr eh` @mh`

@gny`m mQnQs~ j`v`rmt sm|bn~{ @n`kr, mQnQs~ j`v`rm ihwQn~ s[hn~ kl j`w&n~wr nWwQ@y~ @vnw~ s~}`nvl

ar\}nQr$pNy kr a#wQ b@ln~ XYmy lb` g#nWm v#nQ sRr`k$m|vlQn~ @vn~kr q#k~vWm aphsE@v|. wvq, j`wQk nWwWn~

mgQn~ p#h#qQlQv hqEn`gn~n` sRr`k$@m| a`k`r r`j&@yn~ r`j&yt @vns~@v|.

6 Policy Guide on Criminalizing Trafficking in Persons, Bali Process, 2014, pQtE 4-5 q bln~n.

7 1904,1910 sh 1933 j`w&n~wr sm|mEwWn~ gNQk` v^w~wWy s[h` k`n~w`vn~ sh g#h#NE LmEn~v j`w&n~wr @q~XsWm` os~@s~ rF@gny`m sm|bn~{ pEhENEvt v#dQ av{`ny lb` qW a#wQ awr 1949

Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others mgQn~ @my k`n~w`vn~ sh g#h#NE LmEn~@gn~ ob|bt @g`s~ ‘o|n$m a@ykO’ a#wOlw~

krn lqW. aw&`vX& @ls lQAgQk kQYy`vlt sm|bn~{ @n`vn sRr`k$m| ak`r a#wOlw~ kQrWm sm|bn~{ av{`ny lk~krn pLmEvn mQnQs~ j`v`rm| sm|bn~{ j`w&n~wr lQyvQl~l p#l@m`~ @pY`@t`~@k`~ly@v|.

8 United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime ht u^NpRrN spyn Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air @pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ 3 vn

vgn~wQyt anEv sAkYmNQkyn~v j`v`rm| kQrWm ynE “mRl&my @h`~ @vnw~ qYv&my v`sQyk~ lb` g#nW@m| armENQn~ aq`l pEq~gly` pErv#sQ@ykO @h`~ s~}Qr @n~v`sQk@ykO @n`vn rtkt nWwQvQ@r`~{W

a`k`ryt a#wOUkQrWm” s[h` ktyEwO kQrWm@v|.

9 mQnQs~ j`v`rm sh sAkYmNQkyn~ j`v`rm| kQrWm sm|bn~{ svQs~wr`w~mk s`kc|C`vk~ s[h` bln~n Policy Guide on Criminalizing Trafficking in Persons, Bali Process, 2014, pp.8-9 and Policy

Guide on Criminalizing Migrant Smuggling, Bali Process, 2014, hQ 9-10 pQtE.

10 uq`hrN vX@yn~, sAkYmNQkyn~ gm@n~ @y@qn vQt ovEn~ mEhEN @qn qr#NE ww~vy @n`slk` ovEn~ ht wm`v mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~krn ay smM sQtQnv`t vd` v#dQ @qyk~ kQrWmt @n`h#kQ awr

em gmn qQgtm y`mt sQqE@v|. @mm ww~vyn~ @s`y` gw~ avs~}`v anEv, aq`l pEq~glyn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay @ls slknv`t vd` mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR sAkYmNQkyn~ @ls s#lkQy h#kQy.

mQnQs~ j`v`rm nm|vR apr`{y sQqEvWmt sRr`k$@m| armENk~ wQbQy yEwO nmEw~, e~ bv @s`y` gn~@n~ sRr`k$m sQqEvW avs`n vENE psEy. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn`gn~n` bvt vg bl` g#nWm

s[h` j`v`rmt lk~vR sAkYmNQkyn~ awr mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vENE qr\Xk a#wQq yn~n a{Qk`rWn~ vQsQn~ @s`y` b#lQy yEwOy.

@h`~dEv`v: qEr\vl kN~d`ym|

awr sQtQn mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR

@ls pRr\v`nEm`n kl ayv hqEn`

g#nWm

@y`y`b#lW@m| aqQyrt @pr, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR

ayv hqEn`g#nWm awQXy qE;~kr@v|. sQy pYwQpw~wQ

awrt mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~kl sAkYmNQkyn~

a#wOU, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vQy h#kQ ay awr

sQtQn pRr\v`nEm`n kl @g`qEr#vR ay hqEn` g#nWmt

a{Qk`rWn~ ht upk`r krn pYwQp`qn wQbQy yEwOy.

j`w&n~wr nWwQ@y~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm sh sAkYmNQkyn~

j`v`rm| kQrWm sm|bn~{ nWw&`nEkSl vX@yn~ @vnsk~

a#w.

8 pY`@y`~gQk vX@yn~, vQ@X~;@yn~ r`j&yn~ awr

mQnQs~ j`v`rm sQqEvn vQt, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR

a@ykOv j`v`rm| @m@hyEmkt lk~vn sAkYmNQk@ykO

awr @vns hqEn` g#nWmt aphE@v|, @h~wOv em pEq~gly`

j`v`rmt lk~vR sAkYmNQk@ykO @mn~m mQnQs~ j`v`rmt

lk~~vR a@ykOq vQy h#kQ b#vQnQ.

9 mQnQs~ j`v`rm sQqEvn

gm@n~qW @h`~ avsn~ rt bl` lM`vR vQt j`v`rmt

lk~vR sAkYmNQkyn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr#vn~t @h`~ @vnw~

a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m|vlt lk~vWmt @b`@h`~ idkd a#w.

vrq krn ay ek~ @m@hyEmkqW, kN~d`ymk s`m`jQkyn~

j`v`rmt lk~krn awr a@nk~ ayv mQnQs~ j`v`rm

krmQn~ sQtQ apr`{ @qkm sQqEkrnv` vQy h#kQy.

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR sAkYmNQkyn~, sAkYmNQkyn~v j`v`rm| krn ay smM s~@v|c|C`@vn~ v#dpQLQ@vlvl~vlt

a#wOUvQy h#kQ awr, mQnQs~ j`v`rm, sRr`k$m sh @vnw~ apr`{vlt (b@ln~ lb` g#nWm, ayEwO aphrNy, lQAgQk

awvr, s~wWY qR;Ny @h`~ v{hQAs` kQrWm a#wOU) lk~vWmt @b`@h`~@s~ idkd a#w. mQnQs~ j`v`r@m|qW yn gm@n~ ww~vy

iw`m ktEk vn b#vQn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vWmt klQn~ gw~ wWrNy wvqErtw~ ar\}shgw @n`vnE a#w.

10

1 vn

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1.3. vQvQ{ a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m| av@b`~{kr g#nWm

@b`@h`~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ayv hqEn`gnE lbn~@n~ ovEn~v sRr`k$mt lk~vR psEv b#vQn~ vQvQ{ a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m|

j`w&n~wr nWwQ@y~ nQr\vcny kr a#wQ a`k`ryt hqEn`g#nWm v#qgw~@v|. mQnQs~ j`v`rm| kl bvt pRr\v`nEmQwQyk~

a#wQkr g#nWm s[h` sRr`k$m sm|bn~{ s`]Q vQ@X~;@yn~ v#qgw~@v|.

@b`@h`~ rtvl, lQAgQk sRr`k$@m| armEN @vnE@vn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm sQqEkQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ s#lkQyyEwO av{`nmk~

@y`mEkr a#w. k`n~w`vn~ sh LmEn~v lQAgQk vX@yn~ sRr`k$mt lk~kQrWm @l`v pEr`m s#lkQy yEwO g#tUvk~ vEvq,

@vnw~ a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m|q av@b`~{ kr g#nWm v#qgw~@v|.

b@ln~ XYmy @h`~ @s~v` lb` g#nWm

1930 j`w&n~wr km|kr# sAvQ{`n@y~ (ILO) b@ln~ XYmy lb`g#nWm sm|bn~{ pYZ`p~wQyt anEv, ‘‘b@ln~ XYmy

@h`~ @s~v` lb` g#nWm’’ ynE “o|n$m qdEvmkt, sh aq`l pEq~gly` s~@v|c|C`@vn~ iqQrQpw~vW n#wQ avs~}`vk ym|

pEq~gl@ykO@gn~ b@ln~ lb`gn~n` sQyUm XYmy sh @s~v`@v|.””11 ‘b@ln~ lb`g#nWm’ ynE @s~vkyn~ ht uss~vWm|,

m`r#vWm|, nv rFkQy` @h`~ nQv`s a`qQy lb` @n`qWm v#nQ ‘‘@s~v`@y`~jk‘‘12 vQsQn~ X`rWrQkv sh m`nsQkv krnE lbn

blp$m| @ls ar\} nQr$pNy kr a#w.

13 ‘s~@v|c|C`@vn~’ @n`vWmq b@ln~ XYmy lb`g#nWm hqEn`g#nWmt wWrN`w~mk

@ls upk`r@v|. @s~vky` @h`~ @s~vQk`v nQqh@s~ k#m#w~w qW @n`m#wQnm| sh em k#m#w~w il~l` as~kr gn @n`h#kQ

nm|, XYmy lb`g#nWm b@ln~ lb`g#nWmk~@v|.

10 Trafficking in Persons Protocol qk~v` a#wQ anQv`r\& a`r]N pYwQp`qn Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air (Smuggling of Migrants Protocol) hQq a#w.

11 The International Labour Organization (ILO) a#wQ b@ln~ XYmy lbg#nWm sm|bn~{ ar\} nQr$pNy 2014 Protocol to the Forced Labour Convention pQLQg#nWmw~ smM wvqErtw~ whvEr# krn

lqW. International Labour Conference, Text of the Protocol to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930, Provisional Record 9A, 103rd Session, Geneva, 2014, Art. 1(3).

12 ILO, Report of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations, Report III (Part 1A), International Labour Conference, 90th Session, Geneva,

2002, 98 vn pQtEv.

13 Abolition of forced labour, General Survey by the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations, ILC, 65th Session, Geneva, 1979, para. 21

[hereafter: Abolition of forced labour, General Survey of 1979]. See also Eradication of forced labour, General Survey of 2007, 37 vn prQc|@C~qy bln~n at para. 37.

Lm` XYmyt e@rhQv LmEn~@gn~ v#d g#nWm

1973 rFkQy`vlt y`m s[h`vR avm vys sm|bn~{@yn~ j`w&n~wr km|kr# sAvQ{`n pYZ`p~wQy mgQn~

Lm` XYmy vX@yn~ hqEn~vn~@n~ ohE@g~ @h`~ a#y@g~ @s_K&yt @h`~ a`r]`vt anwOr#q`yk, @h`~ a#y@g~ @h`~

ohE@g~ a{&`pny @h`~ v^w~wWy h#dg#s~m sh pEhENREvt b`{` pmENEvn vys avEr#qE 18t adE pEq~gl@ykO vQsQn~

itEkrn kOmn a`k`r@y~ @h`~ v#dk~ @h`~ @s~v`vk~ vX@ynQ.

Lm` XYmy Lm` v#dvlQn~ @vns~kr gw h#k~@k~, Lm` v#dvlqW LmEn~@g~ @s_K&yt @h`~ a`r]`vt @h`~,

ovEn~@g~ a{&`pnavs~}`vn~ ht blp$m| a#wQ @n`vWm@v|.

9

vhl~bv sh vhl~bv h` sm|bn~{ pEhENE

m`nv sRr`k$@m| @b`@h`~ an~wg`mW a`k`ry @ls vhl~bv s#l@k~. r`j&yn~ ht kQsQ qQnk ‘mM h#rQy’ @n`h#kQ

j`w&n~wr nWwQ@y~ rWwWn~ kQhQpykQn~ ekk~ vn~@n~ vhl~x`vy sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ nQqhsyQ. mQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ r`j&yn~

ht kQsQqE avs~}`nEgw ww~vyk~ yt@w~ vhl~x`vyt id lb` qQy @n`h#kQ bvyQ. vhl~x`vy pY}m vw`vt ar\}

nQr$pNy krn lq~@q~ 1926 vhl~ @vLq`m sh vhl~x`vy m#dp#v#w~vWm s[h`vR pYZ`p~wQyyQ (‘vhl~bv sm|bn~{

pYZ`p~wQy’ @lsq h#qQn~@v|’). ehQ ar\}nQr$pNy nm|, ““ym| pEq~gl@ykO@g~ ayQwQyt sm|bn~{ bly @vnw~ a@ykO vQsQn~

p`lny krn ww~vyk~”” yn~nyQ.

14. mRly vn~@n~, vhl~x`vy yn~n ‘‘ayQwQy h` sm|bn~{ bly’’ yn~nyQ; ayQwQy h`

sm|bn~{ bly @ls vQgYh krn s`m|pYq`yQk vhl~x`vy ww~k`lWn vhl~x`vy sm|bn~{@yn~q pYmEKs~}`nyk~ gnW.

vhl~x`v@y~ smhrk~ v#qgw~ l]N awrt @g`qEr#vn ay@g~ nm, a`gm, vQv`hy @h`~ lQAgQk shkr#vn~ @mn~m

sQy qr#vn~@g~ irNm sm|bn~{ a{Qk`rQyq a#w.

15 vhl~x`vy mgQn~ @g`qEr#vn ay@g~ jWvQwy pvw~v` g#nWm phwt

a#q qmn h#sQrWmq adAgOvQy h#kQy.

16

vhl~x`vy h` sm`n pEhENE, vhl~x`vy shmElQn~m n#wQkQrWmt u^NpRrN spyn 1956 pYZ`p~wQy, vhl~ @vL[`m,

sh a`ywn sh vhl~x`vy h` sm`n pEhENE (u_NpRrN spyn pYZ`p~wQy) mgQn~ whnm| kr a#w. ‘vhl~x`vy h`

sm`n a`ywn sh pEhENE mgQn~’, nWwQy mgQn~ @n`v, c`rQwY sm|pYq`yn~, @h`~ sm`j pEhENE mgQn~ pvw~v`@gn yn ayQwQy

h` sm|bn~{ aAg a#wQ sRr`k$@m| m`nv sm|bn~{w` @ls hqEn~vyQ. vQ@X~;@yn~, u_NpRrN spyn pYZ`p~wQy mgQn~

vhl~x`vy h` sm`n a`ywn sh pEhENE hqEn~v`@q~:

14 1927 m`r\wO 9 vn qQn bl`w~mk vENE Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery, 60 League of Nations Treaty Series 253, 25 September 1926, (Slavery Convention).

15 uq`hrN vX@yn~ bln~n, Prosecutor v. Kunarac, Kovac and Vukovic, Case IT-96-23-T and IT-96-23/1-T, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia Appeals Chamber,

12 June 2002.

16 uq`hrN vX@yn~ bln~n, the Bellagio-Harvard Guidelines on the Legal Parameters of Slavery, Research Network on the Legal Parameters of Slavery, 2012.

17 bln~n The IOM Handbook on Direct Assistance to Victims of Trafficking, IOM, 2005, section 4.2.6

@h`~dEv`v: vhl~x`vy hqEn`g#nWm

vhl~x`vy sLkONE krn~@n~ apr`{y krn ay sh ohE@g~ @h`~ a#y@g~ apr`{yt lk~vR ay awr a#wQ sm|b-

n~{w`vyt vd` aq`l ww~vyt sm|bn~{ kr#NE mwy. vhl~x`vyt lk~vR a@ykO @p@nn a`k`ryt s#pphsE

jWvQwyk~ gw klq, sQy jWvQwy sm|bn~{@yn~ mRlQk wWrN g#nWmt a#wQ @n`h#kQy`v a{Qk`rQn~ vQsQn~ av@b`~{

krgw yEwOy.

• Nyk~ pQyvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ vhl~x`vy

(1(a)) vgn~wQy, ““Nykr#@vkO vQsQn~ Nyk~

pQyvWm s[h` wm`@g~ @h`~ wm`@g~ p`lny

yt@w~ sQtQn a@ykO@g~ pEq~glQk @s~v` lb`qWm

s[h` vn @p`@r`n~qEvkQn~ p#nngQn ww~vykQ.

em @s~v`vn~ s`{`rN @ls a#gyWm klq

Ny pQyvWm s[h` e~v` aq`l @n`vWm @h`~ em

@s~v`vl k`ly sh s~vx`vy sWm` @n`vn awr

nQr\vcny kr n#wQnm| @mm ww~vy a#wQ@v|.””17

@vnw~ vcnvlQn~ kQv@h`w~, Nyk~ pQyvWm s[h`

a#wQvn vhl~x`vy mgQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ ym|

pEq~gl@ykO vQsQn~ Nyk~ pQyvWm s[h` spyn

@s~v` mgQn~ kQsQqQnk aq`l Ny @gv` avs`n

@n`vn bvyQ.

@h`~dEv`v: Nyk~ pQyvWm

sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQvhl~x`vy

(debt bondage)

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR @b`@h`~ ay awr Nyk~

pQyvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ vhl~x`vy bhEl

aw~q#kWmkQ. Nyk~ pQyvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ

vhl~x`vy hqEn`gw h#k~@k~ nQr\Ny kl @n`h#kQ

Nyk~ p#vwWm sh @k`wrm| v#d klw~ @s~v`

s#pyRvw~ @gv` avsn~ kl @n`h#kQvWm @h~wO@vnQ.

Nyk~ @gvWm s[h` sRr`kn a`k`ryt XYmy @h`~

@s~v` lb`qWm @h~wO@vn~ @b`@h`~ a{QkrN kl`p

mgQn~ Nyk~ pQyvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ vhl~x`vy

@b`@h`~ pEUl~ a`k`ryt hqEn` gnW.

1 vn

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10mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay s[h`vR pYwQpw~wQ m`r\@g ~̀p@q~Xy

• q`sw~vy (Serfdom) 1 (a`) vgn~wQy anEv nWwQy, ““c`rQwY @h`~ ekMw`vy mw @vnw~ a@ykOt ayw~

idmk jWvw~@vmQn~ em pEq~gly` ht pYwQl`x sqh` @h`~ e@s~ @n`m#wQv, sQy ww~vy @vns~kr gw

@n`h#kQv, nQr\Ny krn lq @s~v` lb`qWm” sm|bn~{ ww~vykQ.

• LmEn~v sRr`k$m s[h` a@LvQ kQrWm, 1(a$)

17 vgn~wQy mgQn~ qr#@vkO@g~ @qm`pQyn~ @h`~ x`rkr#vn~ mgQn~

wOn~vn p`r\Xvykt qr#v`@g~ XYmy sRr`k$mt idlb`qWm @ls qk~vyQ. m$wk`lWn lQyvQlQ mgQn~ u_NpRrN

s#pyWm s[h`vR pYZ`p~wQyt vd` pEUl~ ar\} nQr$pNyk~ lb`@q~. vd`w~m qr#NE a`k`r@y~ Lm` XYmy sm|bn~{

1999 j`w&n~wr km|kr# sAvQ{`n pYZ`p~wQy mgQn~ avQ a`yE{ shQw g#tEm|, aX~lWl @q~ (pornography), mw~qYv& nQ;~p`qny sh j`v`rm| kQrWm v#nQ nWwQ vQ@r`~{W kQYy`vn~, sh “ym| k`r\&yk~, ehQ s~vr$py

@h`~dEv`v: b@ln~ vQv`h sQqEkQrWm

hqEn`g#nWm

k`n~w`vn` pmNk~ b@ln~ vQv`hvWm|vlt lk~vn

bv hqEn`gnE lbn vhl~x`vy sm|bn~{ anEpRrk

pYZ`p~wQy bl`w~mk vW@mn~ anwOr#v, pQrQmQ LmEn~

sh mQnQsEn~q b@ln~ krn vQv`hvlt lk~vQy

h#kQ bvt pEUl~ @ls pQLQ@gn a#w. sQyUm

a`k`r@y~ b@ln~ sQqE krn vQv`hvlt e@rhQv

ktyEwO kQrWm s[h`, @g`qEr#vn ay@g~ lQAgQkw~vy

@n`wk` b@ln~ sQqEkrn vQv`h whnm| krn

nWwWn~ s#m@qnt ek@s~ aq`l vQy yEwO bvt

vgbl` g#nWm @h`[ pEhENEvk~ vX@yn~ slkn

lqW.

17 ‘prvXw`’ @lsq hqEn~vn @mm sAkl~p, j`w&n~wr nWwQ@y~ ar\} nQr$pNy kr a#wQ awr sRr`k$@m| avs~}`vn~ hqEn` g#nWmt pY@y`~jnvw~ vQy h#kQy.

18 Optional Protocol to the Child Convention on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, 2171 United Nations Treaty Series 227, 25 May 2000, bl`w~mk vR@y~

2002 jnv`rQ 18 vn qQny, 2(a) vgn~wQy.

19 wvqErtw~ bln~n, Anne T. Gallagher, ‘Article 35’, in Phillip Alston and John Tobin, Commentary to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Oxford University Press, forthcoming,

2015. wvq phw 2.3 hQ a#wQ blhw~k`r/nWwQvQ@r`{W hq`vd` g#nWm| sm|bn~{ s`kc|C` bln~n.

• 1(a#) vgn~wQy anEv phw o|n$m a`ywnyk~

@h`~ pEhENEvk~; “(i) k`n~w`vk~, wm` vQsQn~ pYwQ@]~p kQrW@m|

ayQwQy @n`m#wQv, sQy @qm`pQyn~, x`rkr#vn~,

pvE@l~ ay @h`~ @vnw~ pEq~gl@ykOt @h`~

kN~d`ymkt ym| mEqlk~ @h`~ @vn @qyk~ lb`qWm

sm|bn~{@yn~ vQv`h kr qWm @h`~ vQv`h kr qWmt

@p`@r`n~qEvWm; @h`~

(ii) lb`gw~ vtQn`kmk~ @h`~ @vn @qyk~ @

h~wO@vn~ k`n~w`vk@g~ s~v`mQpEr#;y`, ohE@g~

pvE@l~ ay @h`~ ohE@g~ rF@l~ ay vQsQn~ a#yv @

vn pEq~gl@ykO @vw lb`qWm; @h`~

(iii) sQy s~v`mQpEr#;y`@g~ mrN@yn~ psE

k`n~w`vk~ @vn a@ykO @vw pY@v|NQ@yn~

ayQwQvWmt ytw~ vWm”.

@h`~ ey krn a`k`ry anEv qr#vn~@g~

@s_K&y, a`r]`v @h`~ gON{r\m vlt h`nQyk~

sQqEvn ktyEwO v#nQ @q~” sm|bn~{@yn~ b@ln~

qr#vn~v @y`qv` g#nWm @h`~ anQv`r\&@yn~ @

s~v@y~ @y`qv` g#nWm ekwO kr a#w.

LmEn~ vQkQNWm sm|bn~{@yn~ LmEn~@g~

ayQwQv`sQkm|, LmEn~ gNQk` v^w~wQ@y~ @y`qv`

g#nWm sh LmEn~v aX~lWl kQYy`vl @y`qv`

g#nWm sm|bn~{ pYZ`p~wQ@y~ 2002 vQkl~p

@pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ 2(a) vgn~wQy mgQn~ LmEn~v

vQkQNWm pEUl~ @ls ar\} nQr$pNy kr a#w~@w~

““

“qr#@vkOv ym| pEq~gl@ykO @h`~ kN~d`ymk~ vQsQn~

p`rQXYmQkykt @h`~ @vn kQsQm vtQn`kmk~ s[h`

@vnw~ pEq~gl@ykOt @h`~ pEq~hl kN~d`ymkt

vQkQNWm sm|bn~{ o|n$m kQYy`vk~ @lsty.”

”

@h`~dEv`v: qr#vn~v sRr`k$mt

lk~kQrWm s[h`

vQkQNWm hqEn` g#nWm

LmEn~ @h`~ bQLQqEn~ vQkQNW@m|qW sRr`k$m sQqEvWm

vQkQNWmt psE sQqEvWm avX& @n`vn b#vQn~, @mm

sAkl~py qr#kmt hq` g#nWm s[h` sh v`NQj

@ls g#b| vQkQNWm sm|bn~{ v#dpQLQ@vltq aq`l

kQrWmt r`j&yn~ mgQn~ slk` b#lQy yEwOy.

19

11

20 in~qQYy ivw~ kQrWm s[h` vn mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|n~{ v#dQqEr vQs~wr s[h` uq`hrN vX@yn~ bln~n, WHO Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation and the

Declaration of Istanbul, @mm @qkm http://www.who.int/transplantation/en/ @vwQn~ lb`gw h#kQy.

21 @mm amwr a`k`r @qkm European Union Trafficking Directive 2011/36/EU hQ hqEn`@gn a#w. ‘b@ln~ sQM`k#vWm’ ILO Forced Labour Convention and exploitation of criminal activities

mgQn~ ar\} nQr$pNy kr a#wQ a`k`ryt b@ln~ XYmy @h`~ @s~v` lb` g#nWm @ls av@b`~{ kr g#@n~. @myt qdEvm|vlt ytw~vn sh mRl& pYwQl`x lb`@qn pQk~ @p`kt| g#sWm, s`p~pEvlQn~ xN~d @

s`rkm| kQrWm, mw~qYv& j`v`rm| kQrWm sh @vnw~ sm`n kQYy`vlQn~ a#wOlw~@v|. bln~n: Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, 5 April

2011, on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA, OJ L 101/1, 15 Apr. 2011

(EU Trafficking Directive 2011/36/EU), Article 2(3).

in~qQYy ivw~ kQrWm

q`ykyn~ ht @gvWm| krn ay@g~ in~qQYy v`NQj vX@yn~ vQkQNWm s[h` @mn~m in~qQYyn~t amwrv XrWr@y~ aAg

sAs~k^wQk sh vw~ pQLQ@vw~ vX@yn~ ivw~ kQrW@m| armEN @vnE@vn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm sQqEvQy h#kQy. smhr r`-

j&vl, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt e@rhQ nWwQ in~qQYy ivw~kQrWmt ob|@bn~ @g`s~ XrWr aAgq (sAs~k^wQk sh vw~ pQLQ@vw~

sm|bn~{ pEhENEq a#wOlw~ kQrWm s[h`) sh @@sl sh qQyr vr\gq (v`NQj vX@yn~ g#b| kOlQyt qWmq a#wOlw~vn @s~)

a#wOlw~ kryQ. in~qQYy ivw~ kQrWm sm|bn~{v @k@rn mQnQs~ j`v`rm aq~vWwWy hqEn`g#nW@m| axQ@y`~g a#wQ krn~@n~,

sRr`k$@m| kQYy`v ek~ vrk~ pmNk~ sQqEvWm @h~wO@vnQ. @vnw~ a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m|vlqW, qQgQn~ qQgtm sQqEvn XYmy @h`~

@s~v` s#pyWm @myt h`w~psQn~ @vns~@v|.

20

@vnw~ a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m

mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{ @pY@t`@k`~l@y~ 3(a) vgn~wQy mgQn~ pYk`XQwv qk~vn sRr`k$m|vw~ r`j&yn~ mgQn~ av@b`~{

krgw yEwOy. pY`@y`~gQk vX@yn~ sQqEvn @vnw~ sRr`k$m| awr b@ln~ sQM`k$m sh mw~qYv& vg` kQrWm @h`~ ‘mw~qYv&

rF@gn yn’ ay vX@yn~ krn apr`{ ktyEwO a#w. mw~qYv& h` sm|bn~{ krnE lbn @s`y` g#nWm| sh ndEp#vrWmt

amwrv, sQy sQr#@r\ mw~qYv& rF@gn yn @h`~ mw~qYv& vg` kQrWmt mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~krn ay ovEn~@g~ jWvQwvlt

s#lkQyyEwO a`k`r@y~ h`nQvlt nQr`vrNy vWm sQqE@v|.

21

@h`~dEv`v: vQvQ{ a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m| sm|bn~{@yn~ vQ@X~;Qw qr\Xkyn~

a#wQkl yEwOy

mElQn~m pYwQc`r qk~vn ayt vQvQ{ a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m| hqEn` gw h#kQvn a`k`ryt r`j&yn~ mgQn~ a{Qk`rWn~

ht mQnQs~ j`v`rm| kQrWm sm|bn~{ qr\Xkyn~ pYm`Nvw~ a`k`ryt vQs~wr kr qQy yEwOy. upk`r sh a`r]`v

s#pyW@m|qW, nQr\vcn@y~ @vnw~ aAg sm|bn~{ v#dQqEr s`]Q @hLQqrv| vQy h#kQy. 3.3 @k`ts mgQn~ vQ@X~;Qw

sh vQs~wr`w~mk qr\Xkyn~ vr\{ny kQrWm sm|bn~{ pqnm p#h#qQlQ kr@q~.

1 vn

@k

`ts


2 vn @k`ts:

vgkWm|, unn~qE sh axQ@y`~gyn

2.1. hqEn`g#nWm v#qgw~ vn~@n~ a#yQ?

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay hqEn` g#nW@mn~ @w`rv, mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{ @pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ qk~v` a#wQ armENE vn

v#L#k~vWm, ndE p#vrWm sh a`r]`v s#pyWm k`r\&]m @ls lb`gw @n`h#kQ@v|. emnQs`, sm|pRr\N mQnQs~ j`v`rmt

e@rhQ pYwQpw~wQ, v#dsthn~ sh @vnw~ kQYy`m`r\g a#wQ kQrW@m|qW, @pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ qk~v` a#wQ vgkWm| itE kQrW@m| avX&

aAgyk~ @ls @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn` g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ vQ@X~; av{`ny @y`mE kl yEwOy.

hqEn`g#nW@m| kQYy`vlQy mgQn~ pEq~gl@ykO@g~ @g`qEr#vR ww~vy pQLQg#nWmt wOdE@qn awr ehQ pYwQPlyk~ vX@yn~

@@vq& sh @vnw~ @s_K&y @s~v`, iqEm| hQtEm|, a`h`r sh mRlQk avX&w`vyn~, up@q~Xk sh m@n`~s`m`jQk rFkvrN

a`qW upk`r sh a`r]N @s~v` h#kQ vQgs lb`qWmt h#kQ@v|. smhr r`j&yn~hQ, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykO

vX@yn~ hqEn` g#nWm mgQn~ aq`l pEq~gly` ht w`vk`lQk @h`~ s~}Qr @n~v`sQkw~vy v#nQ amwr pYwQl`x sh @s~v`

sqh` sEsEsEkm| l#@b|. h#kQ vQgs sh nQsQ a`k`ryt mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn` g#nWmt asmw~vWm mgQn~

ovEn~v wvqErtw~ ay}` @ls x`vQw` kQrWm, sRr`k$m, sh ovEn~t upk`r sh a`r]`v lb` g#nWmt a#wQ ayQwQy

n#wQkQrWm v#nQ pYwQPl @gn@q~mt @b`@h`~ idkd a#w. hqEn` g#nWm s[h` gn~n` k`ly v#dQvn wrmt, @g`qEr#vR

ayv y}` ww~vyt pw~vWm sh n#vw sm`jgw kQrWm sAkWr\N@v|. @mm @h~wOv nQs`, a`r]N pYwQp`qn s[h`

@g`qEr#vRvn~ hqEn` g#nWm pRr\v avX&w`vykQ.

22

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay hqEn` g#nWmt ob|@bn~, r`j&yn~ swOv mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn`

g#nW@m| @vnw~ v#qgw~ @h~wO a#w. apr`{ sh apr`{ psEps a#wQ apr`{ j`l hqEn`g#nWm s[h` @g`qEr#vR ayv

hqEn` g#nWm iw` v#qgw~@v|. @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn`@gn ovEn~ ht nQsQ a`r]`v sh upk`r lb`qEn~ vQt, apr`{

yEk~wQy psQ[lW@m| kQYy`vlQyt upk`r krn v#qgw~ s`]Qkr#vn~ ovEn~ vQy h#kQy. @g`qEr#vR ay hqEn` @n`gw~vQt,

apr`{ j`l qRr\vQp`k @n`lb` qQgtm kQYy`w~mk vQy h#kQ awr vtQn` s`]Q n#wQvQy h#kQy. mQnQs~ j`v`rm v#nQ

r`j&yn~ awr sQqEvn sAvQ{`nyvR apr`{ mgQn~ kU sl~lQ j`v`rm| kQrWm sh qR;Ny v#nQ @vnw~ apr`{vlt

s`r\}kv p#vwWmt id l#@bn awr e~ mgQn~ a`r\}Qk sh sm`j pYgwQy vLk~v`lQy h#kQy. b@ln~ XYmy lb` g#nWm

v#L#k~vWm sh e~ sm|bn~{@yn~ ktyEwO kQrWmt r`j&yn~ ht vQ@X~; unn~qEvk~ a#w. @myt @h~wOv vn~@n~ @m| mgQn~

rFkWr]` avs~}` sh @v|wn adEvWm sh r@thQ sQtQn @vnw~ @s~vkyn~@g~ ww~vyn~ adEvQy h#kQ vWmyQ. mQnQs~

j`v`rmt e@rhQv ktyEwO kQrWm pEq~glyn~@g~ a`r]`v whvEr# kQrWm pmNk~ @n`v sm`jvl @s_K&y a`r]`

kQrW@m| aw&vX& aAgyk~@v|.

23

22 Policy Guide on Protecting Victims of Trafficking, Bali Process, 2015 bln~n.

23 Policy Guide on Protecting Victims of Trafficking, section 1.1, Bali Process, 2015 bln~n.

vgkWm unn~qE @h`~dEv`

v#L#k~vWmmQnQs~ j`v`rm v#L#k~vWm sh n#v#w~vWm

s[h` mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vn ayv

hqEn` g#nWm v#qgw~@v|.

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt e@rhQv ktyEwO kQrWm sh sAkYmNQkyn~

j`v`rm| kQrWm sh g^hs~} hQAsn v#nQ @vnw~ a`k`r@y~ apr`{

sm|bn~{@yn~ @g`qEr#vR ay hqEn`g#nWm j`wQk up`ym`r\gyn~

h` ek~ kQrWm.

s`]Q pqnm|vR v#L#k~vWm s[h` mQnQs~

j`v`rmt aq`l mEl~ @h~wOv hqEn`g#nWm

sh mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vQy h#kQ

pEq~glyn~ sh kN~d`ym| hqEn` g#nWm

aw&`vX&@v.

sRr`k$@m| avs~}`vt @pr mQnQs~ j`v`rm v#L#k~vWmt upk`r

kQrWm s[h` mEl~ @h~wO sh mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vQy h#kQ

pEq~glyn~@g~ sh kN~d`ym|vl qEr\vlw`vyn~ sm|bn~{@yn~

qr\Xkyn~ vr\{ny kr gn~n.

Table 2: Obligations, interests and tips for victim identification

13

aq`l a{Qk`rQn~ mgQn~ rFs~krgw

mQnQs~j`v`rm|kr#vn~@g~ p#wQkd sh

gwQl]N, j`v`rm| krn kYm, wnQ

pEq~glyn~ sh kN~d`ym| awr a#wQ

sm|bn~{w` @mn~m ovEn~v` al~l` g#nWm

s[h` wQbQy h#kQ kYm a#wOUv qw~w sh

@w`rwOr# Xk~wQmw~ vn~@n~ e~v` mQnQs~

j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay@gn~ p#mQ@Nn

vQty.

hqEn`g#nW@m| k`r\&`vlQ@y~qW rFs~krgw~ qw~w sh @w`rwOr#

mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{@yn~ r`j&y pYwQc`ry sm|bn~{@yn~

a#wQ adEp`dE hqEn` g#nWmt, aq`l r`j&vl kQYy`krn~nn~@g~

h#kQy`v vr\{ny kQrWmt sh pEhENE avX&w` hqEn` g#nWmt

sh km|kr# sh sAkYmN @]~wY a#wOUv vd` @h`[ pYwQpw~wQ

s#ksWmt upk`r kr g#nWm.

@g`qEr#vR ayv k`r\&]m @ls hqEn`

g#nWmt sh aq`l s`]Q rFs~kQrWmt

v^w~wWkyn~v pEhENEkl vQt mQnQs~

j`v`rm sm|bn~{ vQmr\XN kQrWm sh

ndE p#vrWm Xk~wQmw~@v.

apr`{@y~ gONÀg sm|bn~{@yn~ ndE pvrn ayt @p`qE

av@b`~{yk~ a#wQ bvt vg bl` g#nWm, hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{

rWwWn~, hQAs`vt pw~vR @g`qEr#vRvn~/s`]Qkr#vn~, sAs~k^wQk

vX@yn~ sh x`;`my vX@yn~ vQvQ{vR @g`qEr#vRvn~ @mn~m

@g`qEr#vR LmEn~ v#nQ ay smM ktyEwO kQrW@m|qW vQ@X~; slk`

b#lWm| v#nQ @q~ sm|bn~{@yn~ mEl~@p@l~ pYwQc`r qk~vn~nn~ ht

@g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn` g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ pEhENE v#dsthn~

vr\{ny kQrWm.

vQmr\Xkyn~ sh ndEpvrn ay mQnQs~

j`v`rm, mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr#vn~ sh

aq`l apr`{ sh apr`{kr#vn~

sm|bn~{ @w`rwOr# sh s`]Q hqEn`gw~

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay@gn~ lb`gnW.

@q~XWy sh an~wr\j`wQk ww~vyn~ sh sQyUm a`k`rvl

sRr`k$m| vlt lk~vQy h#kQ sQyUm @g`qEr#vRvn~ (k`n~w`vn~,

pQrQmQn~ sh qr#vn~) a#wOlw~ kl h#kQ bvt vg bl` gn~n`

skWYy @ls @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn`g#nWm s[h` kYmyk~ vr\{ny

kQrWm.

upk`r sh a`r]`v k`r\&]m @ls

lb`qWm s[h` mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR

ayv hqEn` g#nWm aw&vX&@v|.

@g`qEr#vR ayv vQ@X~;QwvR upk`r sh a`{`r lb`qWm s[h`

vgkQvyEwO a`ywn @vw @y`mE krn~n. @m| mgQn~ mQnQs~

j`v`rmt @gqEr#vR bvt pRr\v`nEm`n krn ay vQsQn~ upk`r

sh a`r]`v lb` g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ b`{k a#wQ @n`vn

bvt vg bl` gn~n. @myt hqEn`g#nW@m| kQYy`ptQp`tWn~ sh

sAkYmN kLmN`krNy @vn~kr wb` g#nWm a#wOlw~@v|.

vQ{Qmw~ hqEn`g#nW@m| kQYy`ptQp`tWn~ ovEn~@g~ vys, s~wWY pEr#;bv,

lQAgy, lQAgQk sm|xvy, j`wQkw~vy, @h`~ sm`j sm|bvy @h`~

a`b`{Qw bv @n`wk` j`w&n~wr nWwQyt anEv sQqEkrn bvt

vgbl` gn~n.

nQsQ a`r]`v sh upk`r l#@bn

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay vQsQn~

apr`{ yEk~wQy psQ[lW@m| kQYy`vlQyt

vd` @h`[Qn~ upk`r lb`qQy h#kQy. e~

mgQn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr#vn~ ht ndE

p#vrWmw~ v#dQqEr mQnQs~ j`v`rm sQqEvWm

v#L#k~vWmtw~ h#kQy.

@s~v` spyn~nn~ mgQn~ mElQn~m hmEvR avs~}`@v| sQt apr`{

yEk~wQy psQ[lW@m| kQYy`vlQy os~@s~, sh n#vw pQtw~kr y#vWm

sh sm`jgwkrNy yn s$m avs~}`vkm sm|pRr\N vX@yn~

upk`r lb`@qn bvt vg bl` g#nWm.

@g`qEr#vR ay ht upk`r sh a`r]`v sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ

ayQwQv`sQkm| sh apr`{ yEk~wQy psQ[lW@m| kQYy`vlQy pEr` mQnQs~

j`v`rm|kr#vn~t e@rhQv @g`qEr#vRvn~ ht a#wQ vQkl~pyn~

@g`qEr#vRvn~ ht q#nEm| @qn~n, e@s~m ovEn~ ht q#nEvw~

wWrN g#nWm s[h` ovEn~v Xk~wQmw~ krn~n. @g`qEr#vR ay

a{Qk`rWn~ smM sh@y`~g@yn~ ktyEwO krnv`q yn~n mw

hqEn`g#nWm (sh e~ mgQn~ l#@bn a`r]`v) wWrNy @n`vn

bvt whvEr#vk~ lb` @qn~n.

vQ@X~;Z r`j& @n`vn sAvQ{`nvl

sh @vnw~ aq`l kQYy`kr#vn~ mgQn~

lb`@qn vQ{Qmw~ @q~ a#wOUv, bhE

a`ywnvl shx`gQw~vy mgQn~

hqEn`g#nW@m| y`n~wYNvl k`r\&]

mw`vy v#dQkl h#kQ awr e~ @h~wO@

vn~, v#L#k~vWm, ndE q#mWm sh a`r]N

vQ{QvQ{`n wrvWm sQqE@v|.

hqEn`g#nW@m| kYmy a`ywn smRhyk~ sh r`j& a{Qk`rWn~ sh

vQ@X~;Z r`j& @n`vn sAvQ{`n a#wOU r`j& @n`vn kQYy`k`rWn~

ek~v krn bhE sh@y`~gQk kQYy`vlQyk~ bvt vg bl` gn~n.

mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{ pYvNw`vyn~ pQLQbq nQwQpw` @w`rwOr#

hEvm`r# kr g#nWm sh nv w`]Nyn~ x`vQw` kQrWm j`v`rmt

lk~vR ayv hqEn` g#nW@m|qW x`vQw` krn bvt vg bl` gn~n.

vQmr\XNy sh

ndE p#vrWm

upk`r sh

a`r]`v

sh@y`~gWw`vy

2 vn

@k

`ts


2.2. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay ovEn~v hqEn`g#nWmt m#lQvWmt @h~wOv av@b`~{kr g#nWm

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay wm` @g`qEr#vRvn~ @ls slknE lbn~@n~ kl`wOrkQnQ. @b`@h`~ avs~}`vl, mQnQs~

j`v`rmt lk~vENE ay ovEn~@g~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm|k`ryn~ mw y#@p~, e@mn~m ovEn~ @g`qEr#vRvn~ @ls pQLQ@n`gnW.

a@nk~ ay ovEn~@g~ j`v`rm|kr#vn~v qkQn~@n~ ovEn~@g~ g#lvEm|kr#vn~ vX@ynQ. @g`qEr#vRvn~ ovEn~@g~ mQnQs~

j`v`rm|kr#vn~@g~ Z`wWn~vWmtq id wQ@b|. uq`hrN vX@yn~, LmEn~v sRr`k$m s[h` vQkONn b@ln~ vQv`h sQqEkrn

ww~vyn~ yt@w~, vrqkr#vn~ vn~@n~ @g`qEr#vRvn~@g~ @qm`pQyn~ vn awr, e~ @h~wOv nQs` @g`qEr#vRvn~ a{Qk`rWn~@

g~ iqQrQyt e~mt m#LQkmk~ qk~vyQ. @g`qEr#vR ay sh mQnQs~ j`v`rm krn ay awr pEq~glQk sm|bn~{w`vyk~ a#wQ

@vnw~ a`k`r@y~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm| sm|bn~{@yn~q @my s#b$@v|. klQn~ p#vwQ sm|bn~{w`vyk~ @n`wQbENq, @g`qEr#vR ay

mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr#vn~ smM pEq~glQk sm|bn~{w`vyk~ a#wQkr gw h#kQy, @mhQqW @mm sm|bn~{w`vy ovEn~v p`lny

krn sm|bn~{w`vyk~ bv ovEn~ @n`qnW.

hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ wvqErtw~ axQ@y`~gyn p#nngQn~@n~ @g`qEr#vRvn~ ht a{Qk`rWn~ @vw @g`s~ hqEn` g#nWm

sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ qEr\mw sh/@h`~ sw& vX@yn~m @pLBvWm s[h` a#wQ adEkmyQ. @my vQ@X~;@yn~ sQqEvn~@n~ mQnQs~

j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykO avQ{Qmw~ a`k`ryt rtkt a#wOUvR avs~}`vlqWy; ovEn~@g~ avQ{Qmw~ ww~vy @h~wO@vn~

ovEn~v rtQn~ pQtw~kr yvnv` yn bQ@yn~ sQtQy h#kQy. @vnw~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay, mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr#vn~

aw qr#NE @ls p`lnyt ytw~ vEvq, @h~wO gNn`vk~ mw sRr`k$@m| sh ayEwO blp$m| krn sm|bn~{w`vy wOl

sQtWmt mn`pyk~ wQbQy h#kQy. uq`hrN vX@yn~, @g`qEr#vR ay sh j`v`rm|kr#vn~ awr wq b#[Wm| shQw sm|bn~{w`

wQbQy h#kQ awr, @vnw~ ay ovEn~ sQtQn ww~vy ovEnt a#wQ vQkl~pvlt vd` yhpw~ bv sQwnv` vQy h#kQy.

j`v`rm|kr#vn~ sQy @g`qEr#vR ayv p`lny kQrWmt @b`@h`~ avs~}`vl @mm xW;Nyn~ sh kNs~sl~ln~ v`sQyt hrv`

gnE a#w.

hqEn`g#nW@m| y`n~wYNyn~ s#lsEm|kQrW@m|qW sh kQYy`w~mk kQrW@m|qW, hqEn`g#nW@m|qW mwOvn axQ@y`~gyn~ av@b`~{

kr@gn s#lkQl~lt gw yEwOy. mEl~ avs~}`vlqW ym| a@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR bvt pRr\v`nEm`n @n`klq,

kQYy`vlQy wOl o|n$m avs~}`vk ovEn~v nQsQ kQYy`ptQp`tQy @vw @y`mEkQrWmt idkd slsn h#kQy`vn~ lb`qQy yEwOy.

r[v`w#bWm sh rtQn~ pQtEvhl~ kQrWm sm|bn~{ wr\jn

@g`qEr#vR ay r@thQ j`wQyt ayw~ @n`vR vQt, j`v`rm| kr#vn~ vQsQn~ @b`@h`~vQt @g`qEr#vR ayv aw~adAgOvt

@gn ovEn~@g~ nWwQvQ@r`~{W ww~vy nQs` @h`~ ovEn~v mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ww~vy @h~wO@vn~ sQqEvENE nWwQvQ@r`~{W

kQYy`k`rkm| @h~wO@vn~ ovEn~v r[v` wb` rtQn~ pQtEvhl~ krn bvt @b`@h`~vQt pvsyQ. @my @b`@h`~vQt sw& @n`@v|.

sw&vn avs~}`vl vEvq, smhr @g`qEr#vR ay ht rtQn~ pQtEvhl~ kr y#vWm @h`~ pYj`vn~ @vw y#vWm mgQn~ ovEn~@g~

ww~v@y~ kQsQqE qQyENEvk~ sQqE @n`@v|. ym| pEq~gl@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vWmt @h~wOvR ww~vyn~ @vns~vW @n`m#wQnm|,

ovEn~ e~ h` sm`nm ww~vykt v#tW@m| av{`nm wv qErtw~ pvwW. ovEn~v mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @y`q`gw~ ay wvqErtw~

sQtQn awr, e~ mgQn~ ovEn~@g~ sh ovEn~@g~ pvE@l~ ay sm|bn~{@yn~ a`r]`v pQLQb[ g#tU mwO@v|.

@h`~dEv`v: r[v` w#bWm sh rtQn~ pQtEvhl~ kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ @g`qEr#vRvn~

ht a#wQ g#tU iqQrQpw~ kQrWmt @g`qEr#vR ayv unn~qE kQrWm

@g`qEr#vRvn~ ht a#wQ r[v` w#bWm sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ bQy sm|bn~{@yn~ s#lkQl~lt g#nWm s[h`,

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vW@m| pYwQPlyk~ vX@yn~ ovEn~ vQsQn~ krn lq, sAkYmN v#rqQ a#wOU, apr`{ v#rqQ

sm|bn~{@yn~ ovEn~v qdEvmt lk~ @n`kQrWm s[h` avX& vQ{QvQ{`n s#lsQy yEwOy. @g`qEr#vR ay wOl a#wQ rtQn~

pQtEvhl~ kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ ktyEwO kQrWmt, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ayht avs`n@y~ sQtQn r@thQ n#vwW sQt

avX& upk`r sh a`r]`v lb`g#nWm s[h` vWs` m`r\g a#wQkl yEwOy.

15

mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr#vn~@g~ bQykQrWm| sm|bn~{ wr\jn sh pLQg#nWm

smhr mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vRvn~ wm`v hqEn`gw~vQt mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr#vn~@gn~ wr\jn sh plQg#nWm|vlt

ytw~vn bvt bQyk~ pvwW. mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr#vn~ @b`@h`~vQt @g`qEr#vE ay sh/@h`~ pvE@l~ ayt h`nQ sQqE krn bvt

wr\jn kryQ. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay sh ovEn~@g~ pvE@l~ ayv plQg#nW@mn~ a`r]` kQrWmt @q~XWy nWwQ pq~{wQvl

a#wQ @n`s$@hn bv @h~wO@vn~ @g`qEr#vR ay iqQrQyt e~m n#v#w~vQy h#kQy. @g`qEr#vR ay @vnw~ a{QkrN bl sWm`

wOl sQtQn avs~}`vl @mm bQy v#dQvQy h#kQ awr vQvQ{ rtvl sQtQn apr`{ yEk~wQ sm|bn~{ ktyEwO krn ay vQsQn~

@g`qEr#vRvn~@g~ a`r]`v whvEr#kl yEwOy.

@h`~dEv`v: mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay sh ovEn~@g~ pvE@l~ ayv a`r]`

kQrWm mgQn~ ovEn~ ht iqQrQyt e~mt unn~qE kQrWm

@g`qEr#vRvn~, s`]Qkr#vn~ sh ovEn~@g~ pvEl~vl ayt k`r\&]m a`r]`v lb`qWm s[h` avX& ktyEwO

sm|p`qny kQrWmt r`j&yn~ mgQn~ slk` b#lQy yEwOy. a`r]`v avX& ay @vnw~ r`j&yn~hQ sQtQn avs~}`vl,

em r`j&yn~hQ sQtQn apr`{ yEk~wQy psQ[lQn ay smM sh@y`~g@yn~ ktyEwO kQrWmt uw~s`h kl yEwO awr

nQsQ avs~}`vl, h`nQvW@m| av{`nm a#wQ ay ht a`r]`v s#pyWmt vWs` blpwY sh sAkYmN m`r\g lb`qQy

yEwOy.

k#L#l~ a#wQvWm sm|bn~{ l#j~j`v sh bQy

@g`qEr#vR ay sh ovRn~@g~ pvEl~vl ann&w`vy, rhs&x`vy sh pEq~glQkx`vy @g`qEr#vRvn~ ht upkr sh

a`r]`v lb`@qn v#dsthn~ mgQn~ a`r]` kr n#wQ avs~}`vl, @g`qEr#vRvn~ vQsQn~ hqEn`g#nWm @h~wO@vn~ wm`v

l#j~j`vt pw~vWm, apkWr\wQyt pw~vWm sh sm`j@yn~ @nrp` q#mWmt wOdEqQy h#kQ bvt bQyk~ a#wQvQy h#kQy. ovEn~

@g`qEr#vR bvt pQLQgnE l#bEv@h`w~, @g`qEr#vRvn~@g~ pvEl~vl ay sh pYj`vn~ ovEn~ as`r\}kvR bv sQwQy h#kQ awr

(vQ@X~;@yn~ sAkYmNy krn awrwOr @g`qEr#vR ayv sRr`k$mt lk~k@l~ nm|) ehQ pYwQPlyk~ vX@yn~ sQy pvE@l~ ay@

g~ avX&w`vyn~ ovEnt spEr`lQy @n`h#kQ bvt bQyk~ wQbQy h#kQy. vQ@X~;@yn~ @g`qEr#vR pQrQmQn~ wm` @g`qEr#vR bv

@h`~ wm`v rFvtE bvt pQlQg#nWmt m#LQkmk~ qk~vyQ.

@h`~dEv`v: mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR avy k#l#l~vW@mn~ a`r]` kQrWm mgQn~

ovEn~ ht iqQrQyt e~mt upk`r kQrWm

@g`qEr#vR ay@g~ @w`rwOr# sm|bn~{ rhs&x`vy ng`sQtEvWm mgQn~ sh r`j& @n`vn sAvQ{`n, pYj`vn~ sh

@g`qEr#vRvn~ ay smM ktyEwO kQrWm mgQn~ ovEn~@g~ g#tU s#lkQl~lt gnE lbn a`r]N pYwQpw~wQ vr\{ny

kQrWm mgQn~, @g`qEr#vRvn~ wOl a#wQ l#j~j`v sh k#l#l~ sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ bQy s#lkQl~lt gnE lbn upk`r

sh a`r]N v#dsthn~ a#wQbvt vgbl` gw yEwOy.

2 vn

@k

`ts

16mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay s[h`vR pYwQpw~wQ m`r\@g ~̀p@q~Xy

3 vn @k`ts:

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{ kQYy`vlQy

3.1. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn` gw h#k~@k~ k` vQsQn~q?

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn`g#nWm kQsQ@s~w~ avs`n`w~mk, ek~ avs~}`vk pmNk~ sQqEvn @qyk~ @n`vn

awr, phw s[hn~ pQyvr a#wOlw~ kQYy`vlQyk~@v|:

1. ym| pEq~gl@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vENE a@ykO bv @y`~jn` krn, a`rm|xk prW]`vk~. @my pRr\v`nEm`n

kl @g`qEr#vR ay h` sm|bn~{vn o|n$m a@ykO vQsQn~ kl h#kQ awr, pYwQPly vn@n~ aq`l a{Qk`rWn~

@vw @y`mE kQrWm@v|.

2. aq`l pEq~gly` mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykO bv @y`~jn` krn pYm`Nvw~ qr\Xkyn~ mgQn~ aq`l

a{Qk`rWn~ mgQn~ pRr\v`nEm`ny a#wQkrn awr e~ @h~wOv nQs` a`rm|xk upk`r sh a`r]N s[h`

pY@v|Xy lb`qQy yEwOy.

3. aq`l pEq~gly` mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykO bv aq`l a{Qk`rWn~ vQsQn~ whvEr# kQrWm. @my mgQn~

a#wQvn pYwQPly vn~@n~ aq`l pEq~gly` ht vd` sm|pRr\N upk`r sh a`r]N @s~v` s[h` sEqEsEkm|

l#bWm@v|. @m| awrm nWwQvQ@r`~{W j`v`rm|kr#vn~ sm|bn~{ vQmr\XN sh ndE p#vrWm| sQqEvQy h#kQy.

4. mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr#vkOv v#rqQkr# kQrW@m| pYwQPlyk~ vX@yn~ ym| pEq~gl@kO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR

aykO vX@yn~ whvEr# kr g#nWm. @mm pQyvr smhr a{QkrN bl pY@q~Xvl pmNk~ aq`l vQy h#kQy.

@k@s~vEvq, ‘mQnQs~ j`v`rm’ yn apr`{y sm|bn~{@yn~ s`r\}k @ls ndE pvr` v#rqQkr# kl @n`h#kQvWm

mgQn~ ym| pEq~gl@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykO @n`vn bv aqhs~ @n`@v|.

@g`qEr#vR a@ykO, ohE @h`~ a#y@g~ pvE@l~ a@ykO @h`~ @vn a@ykO vQsQn~ @kLQn~m v`r\w` kQrWm @h~wO@vn~ a#wQvn

pYwQkQYy`k`rW vQmr\Xnvl pYwQPlyk~ vX@yn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn`gw h#kQy. @p`lWsQy @h`~ @vnw~

kQYy`kr#vn~ - @q~XsWm` sh km|kr# nQl{`rWn~ a`qW – sQy r`jk`rQ ktyEwO krn awrwOrqW krn vQmr\XN sh mQnQs~

j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vRR ayv hqEn`h#nWmt a#wQ h#kQy`v nQs` skQYy @ls sQqEkrn ktyEwOvlqWq hqEn`g#nWm sQqEvQy

h#kQy. pYwQkQYy`k`rW @ls hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ vQX~v`sy wbnv`t vd` skQYy @ls ktyEwO kr @g`qEr#vR ayv

hqEn`g#nWm s[h` v#dQpEr uw~s`h gw yEwOy.

24 The 1967 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations mgQn~ yvnE sh lbn r`j&@y~ ktyEwO itEkQrW@m|qW @k`n~sQyElr\ nQl{`rWn~@g~ k`r\&x`ry, ayQwQv`sQkm}| sh vgkWm| qk~vyQ. @m|v`yQn~

@b`@h`~myk~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ayt upk`r kQrWm sm|bn~{@ynQ. The Handbook for Diplomatic and Consular Personnel on How to Assist and Protect Victims of Human Trafficking

ynE @k`n~sQyElr\ k`r\& mN~dly @vw pY@y`~jnvw~ @mvlmk~ vn awre~ mgQn~ vWs` ayqEm|pwY slk` b#lW@m|qW s#lkQl~lt gwyEwO vQ@X~;Qw qr\Xkyn~ qk~v` a#w. bln~n: The Handbook for

Diplomatic and Consular Personnel on how to Assist and Protect Victims of Human Trafficking, Council of Baltic Sea States Secretariat, 2011.

vQ@X~;@yn~ mEl~ prW]N avs~}`@v|qW, Z`wWn~,

mQwOrn~ sh sm ww~v@y~ sQtQn pYj`v wOl sQtQn o|n$m

a@ykO vQsQn~ @g`qEr#vRvn~ hqEn` g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~

k`r\&x`ryk~ itEkl h#kQy. sQvQl~ sm`j kQYy`kr#vn~,

@@vq& v^w~wWkyn~, @s~vk smQwQ sh rFkWr]` nQ@

y`~jQw a`ywn v#nQ r`j& @n`vn kQYy`k`rWn~ @w`rwOr#

sm|bn~{ vtQn` sm|pwk~ vn awr pRr\v`nEm`n kl @

g`qEr#vRvn~ hqEn`g#nWm sh nQsQ a{Qk`rWn~ @vw @y`mE

kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ v#qgw~ k`r\&yk~ itEkl h#kQy.

@k@s~vEvq, hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{ pY`}mQk vgkWm

a#w~@w~ r`j&yn~ hty. nWwQy bl`w~mk krn a{Qk`rWn~

(@p`lWsQy, ndE pvrn ay, a{QkrN nQl{`rWn~, sAkYmN

sh @r\gO nQl{`rWn~, sh km|kr# prW]kyn~), sm`j

@s~v` @s~vkyn~, pL`w~ p`ln prQp`lkyn~, sh w`n`pwQ

sh @k`n~sQyElr\ nQl{`rWn~ vQsQn~q @g`qEr#vR ayv

hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ k`r\&x`ryk~ itEkl h#kQy.

24

@h`~dEv`v: mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR

ayv hqEn`g#nWm v#dQqQyENE kQrWm

s[h` mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{

mhjn av@b`~{y v#dQ krn~n

mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{@yn~ mhjnw`v q#nEvw~

kQrW@m| v&`p`r s[h` r`j&yn~ mgQn~ nv up`yn~

qQyw~kl yEwO awr e~ s[h` upk`r lb`qQy

yEwOy. em v&`p`r mgQn~ armENE krn @pY~]k

pQrQs ht phw @q~ p#h#qQlQ krn~@n~ nm| iw`

@y`~g&@v| a) mQnQs~ j`v`rm ynE kOmk~q sh ey

kOmn a`k`ryk~ gnWq yn~n, sh a`) pEq~glyn~

vQsQn~ gw h#kQ kQYy` m`r\g, @h`t|lyQn~ qErk}n

m`r\g os~@s~ lb`@qn @w`rwOr# a#wOU, vQ@X~;@

yn~ nQsQ a{Qk`rWn~ @vw @y`mE kQrWm| s[h` aq`l

vQs~wr s#pyWm.

17

@h`~dEv`v: hqEn`g#nWm h` sm|bn~{vn vQvQ{ p`r\Xvkr#vn~@g~ h#kQy`v

Xk~wQmw~ kQrWm

k`r\&]m @ls @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn` g#nW@m| kQYy`vlQ@y~qW pEUl~ pr`syk r`j& a{Qk`rWn~ sh @vnw~ aq`l

kQYy`kr#vn~@g~ k`r\&x`r sh vgkWm| sm|bn~{ p#h#qQlQ m`r\@g`~p@q~X sh @m@hyEm| kQYy`ptQp`tWn~ hqEn~v`qWm.

@b`@h`~ r`j&yn~hQ, nQl vX@yn~ pEr\v`nEm`n krn kQYy`vlQy, whvEr#kQrWm, sh sn`} kQrWm krn aql a{Qk`rWn~

mgQn~ aq`l pEq~gly` mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR a@ykO@g~ ww~vy nQr\Ny krn awr ovEn~ ht aq`l ak`ryt avX&

mt|t@m| upk`r sh a`r]`v lb`@q~.

smhr r`j&yn~hQ, @mm kQYy`vlQ sm|bn~{ vgkWm nWwQy bl`w~mk krn nQl{`rWn~ ht lb`@qn awr, @vnw~

avs~}`vl, sm`j sEbs`{ny sm|bn~{@yn~ vgkWm a#wQ r`j& a`ywn ht lb`@q~. @vnw~ r`j&yn~ wOl, @g`qEr#vR

ay hqEn` gnE lbn nQl kQYy`vlQy vQ@X~;ZvR r`j& @n`vn kQYy`kr#vn~ ht x`rqW a#w. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay

hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ @k`n~sQyElr\ nQl{`rWn~ vQsQn~q k`r\&x`ryk~ itEkl h#k.

hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ r`j&yk a#wQ pY@v|Xy @n`wk`, kdQnmQn~ sh k`r\&]mv mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ayv hqEn`

g#nWm s[h` aq`l p`r\Xvkr#vn~ ht nQsQ pEhENEv lb`qWm aw&`vX&@v|.

25 hqEn`g#nWm s[h`vR sm|mw m`r\@g`~p@q~X

sh kQYy`ptQp`tWn~ mgQn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR bvt pRr\v`nEm`n krn ay@g~ axQm`ny sh mQnQs~ ayQwQv`sQkm|vlt

gr#kr a`r]` kl yEwOy.

26

@h`~dEv`v: mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr#vn~ smM sm|bn~{vn pEq~glyn~ ht

hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{ pEhENEv lb`qWm

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn`g#nW@m|qW mEl~ @p@L~ nQl{`rWn~v pEhENE kQrWmt pYmEKw~vy qWm v#qgw~@v|.

ym| a@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR a@ykOq yn~n @y`~jn` krn qr\Xk sm|bn~{@yn~ q#nEvw~ kQrWm s[h` mQnQs~

j`v`rmt lk~vR ay smM sm|bn~{vn gOr#vr#, pEvw~pw~ kl`@v|qWn~, @@vq& v^w~wWkyn~, pEq~glQk aAX@y~

kQYy`kr#vn~ sh pYj`v wOl sQtQn @vnw~ ay ht pEhENEv lb`qWm slk` b#lQy yEwOy.

25 (E/2002/68/Add.1), United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Guideline 2: Identification of trafficked persons and traffickers, Guideline 2(3).

26 Policy Guide on Protecting Victims of Trafficking, Bali Process, 2015, section 3 on “Coordination and the multi-stakeholder approach” q bln~n.

3 vn

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3.2. mRlQk kQYy`vlQ

hqEn`g#nW@m| kQYy`vlQ@y~ s$m aqQyrkqWm, mElQn~m sm|bn~{vR avs~}`@v| sQt sm|mEK prW]N pvw~vn avs~}`v @wk~,

nQrW]N sh an~wr\kQYy` os~@s~ mQnQsEn~v prW]`vt lk~kQrWmt avs~}` lb`@q~. mRlQk hqEn`g#nW@m| kQYy`vlQ@y~ ek~ ek~

aqQy@r\qW, @g`qEr#vR ay@g~ upk`r sh a`r]N avX&w`vyn~ sm|bn~{@yn~ v^w~wWkyn~ s#lkQl~lt gw yEwOy.

27

vQ@X~;Qw a`r]N avX&w`vyn~ hqEn`gw~ avs~}`vlqW (uq`hrN vX@yn~, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay qr#vn~ @h`~

srN`gw pwn~nn~vn avs~}`vl) avX& avs~}`vl nQsQ @y`mEkQrWm| kl h#kQvn@s~ r`j&yn~ mgQn~ pEUl~ a`r]N

kQYy`vlQ wOlt hqEn`g#nW@m| kQYy`vlQ a#wOlw~ kQrWmt slk` b#lQy yEwOy.

27 phw qk~v` a#wQ @w`rwOr#vlt amwrv, @g`qEr#vRvn~ a`r]` kQrWm sm|bn~{ v#dQqEr vQs~wr Policy Guide on Protecting Victims of Trafficking hQ lb`@q~.

28 bln~n The IOM Handbook on Direct Assistance for Victims of Trafficking, IOM, 2005.

29 bln~n Policy Guide on Protecting Victims of Trafficking, Bali Process, 2015.

vQ{Qmw~ sm|mEK prW]N a`rm|xk sm|mEK prW]Nya`rm|xk sm|bn~{vWm

A. a`rm|xk sm|bn~{vWm

mElQn~m sm|bn~{vR avs~}`@v|, slk` b#lQy yEwO v#qgw~ @qyk~ vn~@n~ em pEq~gly` mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykO

vQy h#kQq yn~n sh a`rm|xk upk`r sh a`r]`v avX&q yn~nyQ.

mRlQk prW]`v sQqEvn~@n~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR bvt pRr\v`nEm`n krn a@ykO nQrW]N (aq`l pEq~gly` smM a#wQvn

k}`bh, ohE@g~ @h`~ a#y@g~ h#sQrWm, @p@nn a`k`ry sh avs~}`nEgw kr#NE), wOn~vn p`r\Xvyn~ mgQn~ krn

@y`mEkQrWm| mgQn~ l#bENE @w`rwOr# sh wm` vQsQn~m hqEn` g#nWm mgQn~ a#wQvR pYwQPl mgQnQ. @k@s~vEvq, ihw 2.2

@k`t@s~ s`kc|C` kl kr#NE @h~wO@vn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykO wm`v hqEn` g#nWm sQqE @n`kr sQtQy h#kQy.

x`;`v sh sAs~k_wQk b`{k @mn~m lQAgQkwvy sm|bn~{ @h~wO nQs` mElQn~m sm|bn~{vR avs~}`@v| sQqEkrn a`rm|xk

prW]vt b`{` a#wQvQy h#kQy. ev#nQ b`{kvlt ar\{ vX@yn~ mEhEN qQy h#k~@k~ pRr\v`nEm`n kl @g`qEr#vR ay smM

mElQn~m sm|bn~{ vn ay ht x`;` @h`~ sAs~k^wQk nQpENw` wQbWm (n#wQnm| ev#nQ nQpENw` a#wQ ay s[h` ]NQk

pY@v|Xy) mgQn~ mElQn~m sm|bn~{vR avs~}`@v| ovEn~v prW]`vt lk~kQrWmt avX& @q~ lb`qWm mgQnQ.

whvEr# kQrWm avs`n`w~mk @ls sQqEkl @n`h#kQ avs~}`vl, upk`r sh a`r]N @s~v` s[h` pY@v|Xy lb`qWm

s[h` mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR a@ykO bvt vn pRr\vnEm`ny aq`l vQy yEwOy. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR bvt pRr\v`nEm`n

krn ayv hmEvENE vQt, ovEn~ ]NQk an~wr`yk @h`~ hqQsQ @@vq& av{`ny @h`~ @vnw~ upk`r avX&v sQtQy

h#kQy. mElQn~m sm|bn~{vR avs~}`@v|qW v#qgw~m pYmEKw`vy vn~@n~ ovEn~@g~ ]NQk a`r]`v shwQk kQrWmyQ.

28 mQnQs~

j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR bvt pRr\v`nEm`n krn ayv ovEn~@g~ sm`j, @@vq& sh m`nsQk rFkvrNy sh ovEn~ wvqErtw~

h`nQyt pw~vW@mn~ a`r]` kQrWm s[h` a`r]`k`rW v`ss~}`n lb`@qn bvt bvgbl` g#nWm s[h` vQ@X~;Z @s~v`

spyn~nn~ @vw @y`mEkl yEwOy. ovEn~@g~ pEq~glQkw~vy a`r]` kQrWmw~, upk`r sh a`r]`v lb` g#nWm s[h`

ovEn~@g~ q#nEvw~ k#m#w~w lb` g#nWmw~ iw` v#qgw~@v|.

29

19

30 Legislative Guide, Trafficking, paragraph 65; UNICEF Guidelines on the Protection of Child Victims of Trafficking, and Commentary to the OHCHR Principles and Guidelines on

Human Rights and Human Trafficking, OHCHR, 2010, pQtE 162-164.

31 uq`hrN vX@yn~, Regional Guidelines for the Preliminary Identification and Referral Mechanisms for Migrant Populations in Vulnerable Situations (presented by Costa Rica prepared

jointly with El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, with IOM and UNHCR support, presented to the Regional Consultation Group on Migration (RCGM) of the Regional

Conference on Migration (RCM) in June 2012), 11 vn pQtE@v|.

@h`~dEv`v: mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vn qr#vn~ hqEn` g#nWm Xk~wQmw~ kQrWm

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vQy h#kQ qr#vn~v h#kQ vQgs hqEn` g#nWmt kQYy`ptQp`tWn~ kQYy`w~mk kQrWm sh phw kr#NE

@qkm itEkrn hqEn`g#nW@m| k`r\&`vlQ os~@s~ vQ@X~;Z Lm` @s~v` spyn~nn~ ht ]NQkv q#nEm|qWm:

• b`lvys~k`rw~vy pEr\v`nEm`n kQrWm, sh

• @g`qEr#vR ww~vy pRr\v`nEm`n kQrWm.

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vENE LmEn~v hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~, kdQnm| hqEn`g#nWm sh vQ@X~;Z Lm` @s~v` spyn~nn~

ht h#kQ vQgs q#nEm| qW@m| kQYy`m`r\gyn~ kQYy`w~mk kQrWm v#qgw~@v|. LmEn~, LmEn~ @ls @n`@pnQy h#kQ awr sh/@h`~

ovEn~ ovEn~@g~ vys sm|bn~{@yn~ @b`r# kQynv` vQy h#kQ b#vQn~, LmEn~@g~ ayQwQv`sQkm| sm|bn~{ pYZ`p~wQy anEv

Lm@ykO vQyh#kQ pEq~gl@ykO Lm@ykO vX@yn~ s#lkWm @h`[m pEr#q~q@v|. e@s~m, Lm@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR

a@ykOvR avs~}`vk, @vnw~ wWrNykt eL@Bn @wk~ ohE @h`~ a#y @g`qEr#vR a@ykO vX@yn~ pRr\v`nEm`n kl yEwOy.

30

B. a`rm|xk sm|mEK prW]Ny

a`rm|xk sm|mEK prW]N@y~qW ym| pEq~gl@ykO pRr\v`nEm`n kl h#kQ a`k`ryt mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR a@ykOq yn~n

whvEr# krgw h#kQ@v|. mRlQk sm|mEK prW]N@y~ v#qgw~ armENk~ vn~@n~ av{`nm| a#gyWmt lk~kr avX& vQ@X~;Qw

upk`r sh a`r]`v sm|bn~{ nQr\Ny kQrWm@v|. a`rm|xk sm|mEK prW]Ny avs~}`@v|qW, sm|mEK prW]N@y~ armEN,

kQYy`ptQp`tQy, sh pYwQPl aq`l pEq~gly` ht q#nEm| qQy yEwOy. aq`l pEq~gly` ht, avX& nm|. pLpEr#q~q a#wQ x`;N

prQvr\wk@ykO@g~ upk`ry a#wQv, ohEt @h`~ a#yt @w~@rn x`;`vkQn~ p#h#qQlQ @w`rwOr# lb`qQy yEwOy.

sm|mEK prW]Ny pvw~vn ay @g`qEr#vR bvt pRr\v`nEm`n krn mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay smM vQX~v`sy

@g`dn#@gn a`k`ryt sh ohE @h`~ a#yt phsE@vn~ k}`kl h#kQ prQsryk~ a#wQkr k}`bh phsEvn a`k`ryt

kQrWmt avX& pEhENEv lb`qQy yEwOy. sm|mEK prW]N pvw~vn ay ht cQw~w km|pny kOmk~q yn~n av@b`~{

kr g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ sh sm|mEK prW]Ny krn avs~}`@v| n#vw em cQw~w pWdny a#wQvWm v#L#k~vQy h#kQ

a`k`ry sm|bn~{@yn~ pEhENEvk~ lb`qQy yEwOy. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay smM ktyEwO kQrWmt sh ovEn~ sh

a{Qk`rWn~ awr vQX~v`sy @g`dn#gWmt sQvQl~ sm`j kQYy`kr#vn~ iw` vtQn` @s~vyk~ itEkl h#kQy. smhr r`j&yn~

mgQn~ a`rm|xk sm|mEK prW]Ny @m@hyvWm s[h` pYX~n`vlQyk~ x`vQw` @k@r\.

31

vQvQ{ x`;` sh sAs~k^wWn~ mgQn~ a#wQkrn axQ@y`~gyn~t mEhEN qWmt sh sm|mEK prW]Nyt x`jny krn ay@g~

pEq~glQk gwQl]Nvlt anEkSl vn a`k`ryt sm|mEK prW]N XQl~pkYm x`vQw` kQrWm s[h` sm|mEK prW]N pvw~vn

ay ht nQsQ kOslw` avX&@v|.

• x`;`v sm|bn~{ slk` b#lWm|: sm|mEK prW]N pvw~vn ay ht l#yQs~wOvk sQtQn @ktQ q#n~vWmkQn~ lb`gw h#kQ

x`;`N prQvr\wkyn~ mgQn~ upk`r lb`@q~. @mhQqW, x`;`N prQvr\wk mgQn~ krn blp$m, vQX~v`sy @g`dn#gWmt

v`r\gQk @h`~ sAs~k^wQk @vns~km| s#lkQl~lt g#nWm sQqE @k@r\. x`;N prQvr\wkyn~ ap]p`wW vQy yEwO awr,

ovEn~@g~ k`r\&x`ry sh rhs&x`vy sm|bn~{@yn~ @h`[Qn~ q#nEvw~ kr wQbQy yEwO @mn~m e~ sm|bn~{@yn~ @h`qQn~

pEhENEkr wQbQy yEwOy. sm|mEK prW]N k`r\&`vlQ@y~qW x`;N prQvr\wk@g~ k`r\&x`ry sm|bn~{@yn~ pRr\v`nEm`n

kl @g`qEr#vR ay ht p#h#qQlQ kr qQy yEwOy.

• lQAg sh vys sm|bn~{ slk` b#lWm|: mQnQsEn~v s#mvQtm sm`n lQAgy a#wQ a@ykO @h`~ ev#nQ a@ykO sQtQn vQt

sm|mEK prW]Nyt x`jny kQrWm s#mvQtm v#qgw~@v|. LmEn~ ht (n#wQnm| LmEn~ vQyh#kQ ay ht) aq`l a`k`ryt

x`rk`r@ykO pw~kl yEwO awr (uq`hrN vX@yn~, ovEn~ @qm`pQyn~ smM @n`sQtQn vQt) sm|mEK prW]Nyt

x`jny kl yEw~@w~ LmEn~ smM ktyEwO kQrWm s[h` pEhENEv lw~ ay vQsQn~ pmNQ.

3 vn

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32 Trafficking in Persons Protocol 14 vn vgn~wQy bln~n. Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking (E/2002/68/Add.1), United Nations High

Commissioner for Human Rights, Guideline 2(7) yn lQykQyvQlQq bln~n.

33 shn k`lprQc|@C~qy sm|bn~{ v#dQ vQs~wr s[h` bln~n, Policy Guide on Protecting Victims of Trafficking, Bali Process, 2015.

a`rm|xk sm|mEK prW]Nyk~ sQqE kQrW@m|qW, aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ ww~vy sh gwQl]N kOmk~ vEvq, s#lkQl~lt

gwyEwO v#qgw~ @q~ a#w. uq`hrN vX@yn~, srN`gwbv il~l` sQtQn mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay@gn~ srN`gw

sm|bn~{ il~lWm| lb`g#nWmt sh e~v` s#lkQl~lt g#nWmt vQ@X~; kQYy`ptQp`tQ hqEn`g#nW@m| kQYy`vlQyt a#wOlw~ kQrWm

pY@y`~jnvw~@v|.

32 sQy mv|bQm wOlqW v{hQAs`vlt lk~vW@m| @h`~ qr#NE h`nQykt lk~vW@m| av{`nm a#wQbvt h#MvWmk~

kr a#wQ ay sm|bn~~{@yn~ srN`gw ww~vy wWrNy kQrWm srN`gw a{Qk`rWn~ (@h`~ j`wQk srN`gw kYmyk~

n#wQ smhr rtvl UNHCR) vQsQn~ @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn`g#nW@m| kQYy`vlQ@y~qW kl yEwOy. e@s~m, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt

e@rhQv ktyEwO krn a{Qk`rWn~ vQsQn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay@g~ l]N @pn~vn ayv srN`gw il~lWm|

sm|bn~{@yn~ prW]`kr b#lQy yEwOy. srN`gwyn~ vX@yn~ j`w&n~wr a`r]`v il~l` sQtWmt bl`@p`@r`w~wOvn

srN`gw pwn~nn~ ht em @y`mEkQrWm| s[h` sh, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR srN`gwyn~v mQnQs~ j`v`rmt e@

rhQv ktyEwO krn nQsQ a{Qk`rWn~ @vw @y`mE kQrWmt @y`~g& @y`mE kQrWm y`n~wYNyk~ a#wQkl yEwOy. @mm avs~}`

@q@khQqWm, p#mQNQ r@thQ a{Qk`rWn~ smM sm|bn~{vWm mgQn~ srN`gwyn~ vn ayv av{`nmkt lk~ @n`vn bvt

vg bl` gw yEwOy.

@h`~dEv`v: hqEn`g#nW@m| kQYy`ptQp`tWn~ mgQn~ srN`gw pwn~nn~ ht nQsQ

@y`mE kQrWm| krn bvt vgbl` g#nWm

ym| pEq~gl@ykO srN`gw il~l` sQtQ avs~}`vk, @h`~ ym| pEq~gl@ykO srN`gw@ykO bvt vQX~v`s kQrWmt @h~wO

a#wQvQt, r`j&yn~ mgQn~ ovEn~ p#mQNQ r@thQ w`n`pwQ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ h` sm|bn~{ @n`vQy yEwOy.

C. vQ{Qmw~ sm|mEK prW]N

hqEn`gnE lbn vQ@X~;Qw avX&w` pqnm| kr@gn, lb`@qn upk`r sh a`r]`v avX& a`k`ryt sks~ kr g#nWm

s[h` vQ{Qmw~ sm|mEK s`kc|C` mgQn~ avs~}`v lb`@q~. vQ{Qmw~ sm|mEK prW]NykqW s`]Q lb`qWm s[h` @g`qEr#vR

ayt wm` aw~qkQn lq @qyQn~ mQqWm s[h` ‘shn k`lprQ@C~qyk~’’ lb`qQy yEwOy.

33 ek~ ek~ @g`qEr#vR ay@g~ @h`~ mQnQs~

j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR bvt pRr\v`nEm`n krn ay@g~ ww~vy sh avX&w` anEv, shn k`lprQc|@C~qy a`rm|xvWmt

@pr @h ~̀ psEv vQ{Qmw~ sm|mEK prW]N p#v#w~vQy h#kQy. @my sQqEvQy yEw~@w~ @g`qEr#vR ay ht a`rm|xk upk`r sh

a`r]`v l#bW@mn~ psE @g`qEr#vR ay ht vd` @h`[Qn~ q`yk vWmt h#kQ avs~}`vkqWy.

• sAs~k^wQk slk` b#lWm| sm|bn~{@yn~: sm|mEK prW]Ny krn ay sm|mEK prW]Nyt lk~vn ay@g~m

pYj`v@gn~ @h`~ sAs~k^wQk psEbQmkQn~ vWm sEEqEsE @n`@v|. a#y @h`~ ohE em sAs~k^wQk psEbQmkQn~m p#mQ@Nn @k@

nkOvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ v#dQ mn`pyk~ wQbQy h#kQ awr, sRr`k$m sm|bn~{@yn~ aq`l pYj`v sm|bn~{vn @h`~ nQhdv

sQtQn avs~}`vl, sQy pYj`v@g~m @k@nkO vQsQn~ sm|mEK prW]Ny kQrWm mgQn~ @g`qEr#vR ayv av{`nmt lk~vQy

h#kQy.

nQX~cQw sm|mEK prW]Nyk~ s[h` kOmk~ @y`~g&q yn~n nQr\Ny kQrWm s[h` ohE@g~ @h`~ a#y@g~ mn`pyn~ sh em

mn`pyn~ ht h#kQw`k qErt idkd lb` qWm s[h` sm|mEK prW]Nyt x`jny krn ay smM s`kc|C` kQrWm

avX&@v|.

@h`~dEv`v: @g`qEr#vR ay sm|bn~{@yn~ sA@v|qW sm|mEK prW]N upkYm

x`vQwyt upk`r kQrWm

x`;`v, s~wYQ pEr#; bv, vys sh sAs~k^wQk sm|bn~{ kr#NE slk` bln nQpENw`vyn~ sm|mEK prW]N

krn ay ht a#wQ bvt vg bl` g#nWm. h#kQ s$m avs~}`vkm, sm|mEK prW]Nyt x`jny krn ay smM

s`kc|C` kr ovEn~@g~ mn`pyn~ @s`y` bl` h#kQw`k~ qErt em mn`pyn~ ht idkd lb`qWm.

21

34 s`m`n&@yn~, qr#vn~ ht @@nwQk k#m#w~w lb`qQy @n`h#kQy. LmEn~ smM krn o|n$m sm|mEK prW]Nykt @pr, @qm`pQyn~@gn~ @h`~ x`rkr#vn~@gn~ k#m#w~w lb`g#nWm sm|bn~{ k`r\&ptQp`tQy

nQr\Ny kl yEwOy.

35 bln~n Anti-Human Trafficking Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners, Module 8: Interviewing victims of trafficking who are potential witnesses, UNODC, 2009.

upk`r sh a`r]`v spy`qW@mn~ psE, wvqErtw~ krn sm|mEK prW]N mgQn~ vQmr\Xn`w~mk @h`~ ndE

p#vrW@m| armENE itE@k@r\. ym| pEq~gl@ykO mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykOq yn~n sn`} kr g#nWm s[h` @w`rwOr#

rFs~krgw h#kQ@v|. sm|mEK prW]Nyt x`jny kQrWm s[h`, sm|mEK prW]N@y~ XYv& @h`~ q^;& ptQgw kQrWmk~

kQrWm s[h` mQnQsEn~ k#m#w~w lb`qQy yEwO awr sm|mEK prW]N@y~ armEN sh pYwQPl sm|bn~{@yn~ av@b`~{@yn~

sQtQy yEwOy.

34 sm|mEK prW]Nyt x`jny vENE ay@g~ pEq~glQkw~vy a`r]` kQrWm s[h` sm|mEK prW]Ny sh ehQ

pQtpw~ sh w#tQgwkQrWm| rhsQgwv wb`gw yEwOy. sm|mEK prW]Ny krn ay @g`qEr#vR ay kQyn k}`v @vns~vWmt

@h~wOv av@b`~{kr g#nWmt vQ@X~;@yn~ pEhENE kl yEwO awr vQvQ{ vys~, vQvQ{ x`;` k}` krn ay, vQvQ{ sAs~k^wQk

psEbQm|vlQn~ p#mQ@Nn ay, sh cQw~w pWd`vt lk~vR ay smM ktyEwO kQrWmt pEr#qE vQy yEwOy.

35

kQYy`vlQ@y~ @mm avs~}`@v| pYwQPlyk~ vX@yn~ @g`qEr#vR ay@g~ pYk`Xnyk~ lb` g#@n~. aq`l sQqEvWm| hqEn`g#nWmt

@h`~ @g`qEr#vR ay@g~ pYk`Xny sn`} kQrWmt @w`rwOr# s[h`q @vnw~ s`]Q @mm avs~}`@v|qW rFs~kr gw yEwOy.

sm|mEK prW]N@y~qW l#bENE @w`rwOr# pqnm| kr@gn pEq~glyn~ s[h` a#wQ a`r]N s#lsEm| avX& prQqQ @vns~ kl

yEwOy. vQ@X~;Z @s~v` spyn~nn~ ht @y`mEkQrWm| kQrWm avX& vQy h#kQy.

ihw 2.2 @k`t@s~ s`kc|C` kl a`k`ryt, a{Qk`rWn~v vQX~v`s kQrWmt @g`qEr#vR ay wOl p#kQLWmk~ wQbQy h#kQy.

@g`qEr#vR ayv sm|mEK prW]Nykt x`jny kQrWm axQ@y`~g`w~mk vQy h#kQ awr, @g`qEr#vRvn~ ht wv qErtw~

m`nsQk pWd` sh vQ]Qp~wx`vy a#wQkQrWm v#L#k~vWm s[h` sA@v|qWw`vy sh ivsWm avX&@v|. sm|mEK prW]Ny

krn ay vQX~v`sy sh rhs&x`vy vr\{ny kr g#nWmt av{`ny @y`mEkl yEwOy. h#kQ s$m avs~}`vkm, sm|mEK

prW]Ny krn ay @g`qEr#vR ay@g~ aw~q#kWm mwk~ kQrWm mgQn~ ovEn~t cQw~w pWd` a#wQ kQrWm, ovEn~v l#j~j`vt

pw~ kQrWm sh/@h`~ bly n#wQkQrWm, @h`~ wWrN g#nW@m|qW a`w~m vQX~v`sy adE vn @q~ kQrWm @n`kl yEwOy. e@s~ kQrWm

mgQn~@g`qEr#vR ay ht wvqErtw~ h`nQ vQy h#kQ awr, s`]Q ekwO kQrWmt b`{` vQy h#kQ awr @g`qEr#vRvn~ yEk~wQy

psQ[lW@m| kQYy`vlQy smM sh@y`~g@yn~ ktyEwO kQrWm adEvQy h#kQy.

3.3. mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{ qr\Xk

@b`@h`~ r`j&vl, mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{ vQy h#kQ ww~vyn~ hqEn` g#nWmt sm|mw ‘qr\Xk’ kt|tlyn~ x`vQw` @k@r\.

em qr\Xkyn~ vQ@X~;Qw p`r\Xvkr#vn~@g~ h#kQy`v vr\{ny kQrWm sh ovEn~v pEhENE kQrWm s[h` pY@y`~jnvw~

@mvlm|vn awr (uq`hrN vX@yn~, @@vq& v^w~wQkyn~ @mn~m @p`lQs~, sAkYmN sh @r\gO nQl{`rWn~) mQnQs~ j`v`rm

sQqEkrn ww~vyn~ h` sm|bn~{vn avs~}` vQy h#kQy (uq`hrN vX@yn~, @g`qEr#vn ay anEkSlv ktyEwO krn bvt

vgbl` g#nWmt j`v`rm|kr#vn~ vQsQn~ x`vQw` krn kYm) n#w@h`w~ vQ@X~;Qw sRr`k$m| a`k`ryk~ (uq`hrN vX@yn~,

b@ln~ XYmy lb` g#nWm) vQy h#kQy. pY`@y`~gQk vX@yn~, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vn ayv @b`@h`~ avs~}`vlqW hqEn`

gn~@n~ ovEn~v sRr`k$mt lk~vR psE vn b#vQn~, sRr`k$@m| av{Qyt sm|bn~{ qr\Xk vd` vQX~v`sq`yk @ls s#l@k~.

@h`~dEv`v: qr\Xkyn~ m#n b#lWm slk` bln~n

smhr @w`rwOr# s[h` pYmEKw`vy lb`qWm s[h` @g`qEr#vR ayv hqEn` g#nWm sm|bn~{ vgkWm a#wQ ayt

upk`r lb`qWm s[h` r`j&yn~ mgQn~ qr\Xkyn~ m#n b#lWm slk` b#lQy yEwOy. j`w&n~wr km|kr# sAvQ{`ny

sh yE@r`~pWy @k`mQsm vQsQn~ gnE lbn pY@v|Xy vn~@n~ s$m qr\Xkyk~m Xk~wQmw~, m{&m @h`~ qEr\vl @ls

hqEn`g#nWmyQ. @myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ ek~ qr\Xkyk~ qr#vn~ sm|bn~{@yn~ Xk~wQmw~ vn awr v#dQhQtQyn~ s[h`

m{&m vn bv @h`~ lQAgQk sRr`k$m| s[h` m{&m vn awr XYmy sRr`k$m s[h` qEr\vl vn @lsw~y.

@k@s~vEvq, qr\Xkyn~t a`@v|NQk sWm`vn~q s#lkQl~lt gw yEwOy. mQnQsEn~v j`v`rm| krn vQvQ{ a`k`r sh ovEn~v

sRr`k$mt lk~ krn vQvQ{ avs~}`vn~ s#lkQl~lt g#nW@m|qW, smhr qr\Xkyn~ mgQn~ @vnw~ qr\Xkvlt vd` mQnQs~

j`v`rm sQqEvENE bt @y`~jn` @k@r\. @vnw~ vcnvlQn~ kQv@h`w~, mQnQs~ j`v`rm| krn ek avs~}`vkqW mRlQk @

ls ktyEwO krn qr\Xkyk~, @vnw~ avs~}`vkqW sm|pRr\N@yn~ @n`wQbWm @h`~ aq`l @n`vQy h#kQy. uq`hrN

vX@yn~, s$m qQnkm sWm`shQw @v|wnykt, a`yE{ sn~nq~{ mErkr#vn~ yt@w~ a{Qk p#y gNnk~ v#d krn

pEq~gl@ykO sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ qr\Xkyk~ @q~XsWm`vk~ os~@s~ gmn~ blpwYyk~ @n`m#wQv qr#@vkO @gny`mt vd`

Xk~wQmw~ qr\Xkyk~ vnE a#w.

3 vn

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sRr`k$@m| a#wQ bhEl pY{`n qr\Xk

phw qk~v` a#wQ qr\Xk o|n$m a`k`ryk sRr`k$mkt aq`l vQy h#kQy. smhr qr\Xk sRr`k$m sm|bn~{ l]Nvlt

@y`mEvn awr smhr e~v` mgQn~ j`v`rm|kr# s#kkrn @g`qEr#vR ay @k@rhQ a#wQ p`lny sm|bn~{ l]N @pn~vQy

h#k:

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht aq`l ww~v@y~ sQtWmt blkQrWm/ayEwO blp$m| kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly`v ww~v@y~ s~vr$py/s~}`ny sm|bn~{@yn~ rFvtWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` vQsQn~ v#dkrn qQn sh p#y gNn a{QkvWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` jWvw~vn @h`~ v#dkrn ww~vyn~ am`nE;Qk sh/@h`~ ww~vy phLt a#q qmn

a`k`r@`y~ vWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` @vnw~ ay@g~ q#dQ p`ln@y~ sQtWm @h`~ a@nk~ ay@gn~ y#pWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` wr\jnvlt @h`~ hQAs`vt lk~vWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` sQy vyst sEqEsE n#wQ ww~vyk sQtWm

vQ@X~;Qw a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m| sm|bn~{ v#qgw~ qr\Xkyn~

phw a#wQ qr\Xkyn~ mQnQsEn~ j`v`rm| kQrWm sm|bn~{ @pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ a#wQ vQ@X~; a`k`r@y~ sRr`k$m| h` sm|bn~{@v|.

@pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ a#wQ sRr`k$m| a`k`r l#yQs~wOv sm|pRr\N @n`vn nQs`, eqQ@nq` pY`@y`~gQkv hmEvn @vnw~ a`k`rvl

sRr`k$m|q phw qk~v` a#w.

@h`~dEv`v: avX& ww~vyt anEv qr\Xk g#dgs~sv` g#nWm

qr\Xk l#yQs~wOv @b`@h`~ k`r\&]m vn~@n~ bl{`rWn~ vQsQn~ r`jk`rQ ktyEwO krn awrwOr mEhEN @qn

vQ@X~;Qw avs~}`vn~t anEv anEvr\wny vn vQty. @vns~vn mQnQs~ j`v`rm| pYvNw`vlt qQgQn~ qQgtm aq`l

vn ak`ryt r`j&yn~ mgQn~ sQy qr\Xk l#yQs~wO y`vw~k`lWn krgw yEwOy.

36 bln~n Anti-human trafficking manual for criminal justice practitioners, UNODC/UN.GIFT, 2009, Module 2. Also see National Referral Mechanisms: A Practical Handbook, OSCE,

2004, p.61.

smhr qr\Xkyn~ mgQn~ @vnw~ a`k`r@y~ apr`{ sQqEvW a#wQ bvt @y`~jn` vQy h#kQ awr, mQnQs~ j`v`rm sQqE vENQq

@n`vEnQq yn~n wWrNy kQrW@m|qW ym| qr\Xkyk~ a#wQq n#wQq yn~n wWrN`w~mk @n`@v|.

36 wvw~ sWm`vk~ vn~@n~,

j`v`rm|kr#vn~ qr\Xkyn~t anEvr\wny vQy h#kQ awr e~ anEv ktyEwO kQrWm@v|. uq`hrN vX@yn~, a{Qk`rWn~@

g~ s#ky a#wQ @n`vn a`k`ryt @g`qEr#vn~nn~ ht ovEn~@g~ gmn~ sh ann&w` lQykQyvQLQ s[h` pY@v|Xy lb`qWm.

@mm sWm`vn~ anEv, ek~ qr\Xkyk~ mw vQX~v`sy wbnv` @vnEvt vQvQ{ ‘a`k`r@y~’’ qr\Xk x`vQw` kQrWm mgQn~ sw&

vX@yn~ sQqEvn @qy sm|bn~{ mn` v#thWmk~ lb`@q~. wvqErtw~, qr\Xk j`v`rm sm|bn~{ s`]Q @n`vn awr,

@g`qEr#vR a@ykO ht lb`@qn upk`r sh a`r]`v s`{`rNWkrNy kQrWm s[h` pRr\v`nEmQwQyk~ pmNk~ a#wQkl h#k.

phw a#wQ sm|pRr\N @n`vn qr\Xk l#yQs~wOv mgQn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{ @pY`@t`~@k`~l@y~ qk~v` a#wQ vQvQ{ a`k`r

sRr`k$m| a`k`r sm|bn~{@yn~ h#MvWmk~ lb`@qn awr ihw a#wQ sWm`v`n~ a`XY@yn~ q#kQy yEwOy. @pY`@t`@k`~l@y~

a#wQ sRr`k$m| a`k`r sm|pRr\N @n`vn b#vQn~, @vnw~ a`k`rvl sRr`k$m| pY`@y`~gQkv qQgQn~ qQgtm qkQn awr e~v`

phwQn~ qk~v` a#w. qr\Xkvl s[hn~ kr a#wQ ‘pEq~gly`’ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR bvt pRr\v`nEm`n krn ay mQs,

j`v`rm|kr# @n`@v|.

23

@vnw~ ay@g~ gNQk` v^w~wQy sRr`k$mt lk~ kQrWm sh @vnw~ a`k`rvl lQAgQk sRr`k$m| a`k`r

1 vn vgO@v| qk~v` a#wQ a`k`ryt (1.1 vgn~wQy) lQAgQk kr\m`n~w@y~ nQy#@ln sQyUm ay mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay

@n`@v|. phw a#wQ qr\Xkyn~ mgQn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR bvt pRr\v`nEm`n kl ayv hqEn`g#nWmt v#qgw~@v|:

• aq`l pEq~gly` vQsQn~ @s~v`q`ykyn~t @s~v` lb`qWm, vQ@X~;Qw lQAgQk kQYy`vl nQrwvWm @h`~ an`r]Qw

lQAgQk kQYy`vl @yqWm pYwQ@]~p kl @n`h#kQvWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` @s~v`q`yky`@gn~ @kLQn~m mEql~ lb` @n`gnW/@s~v`q`yk vQsQn~ @s~v`@y`~jk @h`~

awrm#qQyn~ ht lb`qEn~ mEqlQn~ iw` sEU @k`tsk~ l#bWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht vQ@X~;Qw g#b|g#nWm vLk~vn kYm x`vQw` kQrWmt @h`~ @n`kQrWmt blp$m/ayEwO

blp$m| kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht @@vq&/g#b|g#nWm sm|bn~{ prW]N kr g#nWmt blp$m|/ayEwO blp$m| kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` vysQn~ adE a@ykOvWm

in~qQYyn~ ivw~kr g#nW@m| armENQn~ krn mQnQs~ j`v`rm

phw qr\Xkyn~ pY`}mQk vX@yn~ aq`lvn~@n~ @@vq& kr#NE s[h` in~qQYyn~ ivw~ krn @h`~ ivw~ kr avsn~

ww~vyn~ sm|bn~{@yn~@v|. @m|v` sAs~k^wQk sh vw~ pQLQ@vw~ sm|bn~{ krn in~qQYy ivw~ kQrWm| sm|bn~{@yn~ aq`l

vn~@n~ adE vX@ynQ:

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht in~qQYy ivw~ kQrWmt b@ln~/ayEwO blp$m| kr k#m#w~w lb` g#nWm

• aq`l pEq~gly`v sQqEkrn s#w~km @h`~ in~qQYy ivw~ kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ lb`@qn vn~qQ sm|bn~{@yn~

rFvtWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` in~qQYy bq~{ kQrWm sQqEvn s~}`ny @h`~ @v|l`v @n`q#nWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` bq~{ kQrW@m| kQYy`vlQy @h`~ e~ h` sm|bn~{ av{`nm| g#n av@b`~{yk~ @n`m#wQvWm

• @myt sm|bn~{vn wOn~vn p`r\Xvyk~ sQtQn bv @pnWm

• aq`l pEq~gly ̀smM in~qQYy lb ̀g#nWmt bl`@p`@r`w~wOvn ay vQ@q~Xykt gmn~ kQrWmt

bl`@p`@r`w~wO@vn~ sQtWm

g^hs~} prvXw` sm|bn~{@yn~ krn mQnQs~ j`v`rm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht qEr\vl ww~v@y~/gON`w~mk bvQn~ adE a`h`r lb`qWm sh mn~q@p`~;Wbv @pn~vWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` a{Qk @h`~r` pYm`Nyk~ v#d kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht pEq~glQk id pYm`Nyk~ @n`m#wQvWm, @h`~ pEq~glQk id pYm`Ny pYm`Nvw~ @n`vWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht sm`j an~wr\kQYy` s[h` pY@v|Xy lb` @n`qWm sh/@h`~ sQy @s~v`@y`~jky` n#wQv

kQsQvQtkw~ nQvsQn~ pQtv @n`y`m

• aq`l pEq~gly` aph`s, anQsQ @ls x`vQwyt, wr\jnvlt, hQAsnyt sh/@h`~ awvrvlt lk~vWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` @s~vykt @y`qv` g#nW@m| g`s~wOvk~ @gvWm


b@ln~ q`sw~vyt @yqWmt @h`~ klQn~ vQv`h krvW@m| armENQn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm kQrWm

• vQv`hy sQqEkQrWm s[h` wOn~vn p`r\Xvykt mEql~ @h`~ @vnw~ ‘w&`g’ lb`qW wQbWm

• vQv`hvR p`r\Xvyn~ @n`m#wQv sh/@h`~ ovEn~@g~ shx`gQw~vy @h`~ ekMw`vy @n`m#wQv @vnw~

ay vQsQn~ vQv`h gQvQsWm sm|bn~{ gnE@qnE kr wQbWm

• aq`l pEq~gly`v XYmy, g^hs~} prvXw` @h`~ lQAgQk sRr`k#mt lk~krn ww~vykt b@ln~ pw~ kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` kn&`x`vy pQlQb[ prW]` lb` wQbWm @h`~ e~v`t ytw~vWmt sQqEvWm

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ Z`wWn~v vQv`hyt bl kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` avp`wy, wm`t h`nQ kr g#nWm, sm`j@yn~ hEqkl`vWm @h`~ mw~kOdE anQsQ @ls x`vQw`

kQrWm sm|bn~{ slkONE @pn~vWm

• @m|v` pvEl~ asmgQy, hQAsn @h`~ ayEwO @ls prQhrny sm|bn~{ slkONE@v|


3 vn

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hQM`k$m sh apr`{ kQYy`k`rkm| armENE @vnE@vn~ sRr`k`$m s[h` mQnQs~ j`v`rm| kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` vQsQn~ pYm`Nvw~ wrmt mEql~ rFs~ @n`kl@h`w~ @h`~ @s`rkm| @n`kl@h`w~ ohEt qdEvm|

p#mQNvWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` jWvw~vn~@n~ sm`n kQYy`k`rkm|vl nQrwvn ay smMy

• aq`l pEq~gly` kQYy`k`rkm|vl armEN @h`~ ehQ a#wQ nWwQvQ@r`~{Wx`vy av@b`~{ kr@gn @n`sQtWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` vysQn~ adE, vysQn~ v#dQ @h`~ a`b`{QwvWm

ihwQn~ a#wQ qr\Xk phw qk~v` a#wQ sRr`k$m| a`k`rvlt amwrv s$m a`k`rykm sRr`k$m|vlt aq`l vQy h#kQy.

s#kkrnE lbn mQnQs~ j`v`rm|kr# vQsQn~ x`vQw` krn ‘kYm’

mQnQsEn~ j`v`rm| kQrWm sm|bn~{ @pY`@t`@k`~l@y~ qk~v` a#wQ ‘kYm’ mQnQs~ j`v`rm| kQrWm sm|bn~{ qr\Xk@v|.

@pY`@t`@k`~ly yt@w~ @g`qEr#vn ay qr#vn~ vn vQt, mQnQs~ j`v`rm| kQrWm yn apr`{y s[h` ‘kYm’ avX& aAgyk~

@n`@v|. @k@s~vEvq, e~v` x`vQw` kQrWm mgQn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm @h`~ aq`l sRr`k$m sQqEvn bvt h#MvWmk~ kryQ.

@s~v@y~ @y`qv` g#nWm, pYv`hny, m`r#kQrWm, lM wb` g#nWm @h`~ pEq~gl@ykO lb` g#nWm, sQt ohEv @h`~ a#yv

sRr`k$@m| avs~}`@v|qW p`lny kQrWm, sh @g`qEr#vR ayv sRr`k$mkt x`jny kQrWm s[h` mQnQs~ j`v`rm| kQYy`vlQ@y~

o|n$m avs~}`vk ‘kYm’ x`vQw` kl h#kQ@v|. smhr x`vQw` krn ‘kYm’ hqEn`g#nWm iw` phsE vEvq (uq`hrN vX@yn~,

bly p`vQc|cQ kQrWm), smhr avs~}`vlqW ‘kYm’ iw`m sQyEm| vn awr hqEn` g#nWmt aphsE@v| (uq`hrN vX@yn~, bly

ayEwO @ls p`vQc|cQ kQrWm @h`~ qEr\vl ww~vyk~).

phw a#wQ sm|pRr\N @n`vn l#yQs~wOv mgQn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm yn apr`{@y~ @mm aAgy s~}`pny kQrWmt upk`r kQrWmt

mQnQs~ j`v`rm sm|bn~{ wQbQy h#kQ h#MvWm| lb`@q~:

wr\jn

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht (@h`~ ohE @h`~ a#y@g~ pvE@l~ ay, mQwOrn~ sh pYj`v) wr\jny kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht (@h`~ ohE @h`~ a#y@g~ pvE@l~ ay, mQwOrn~ sh pYj`v) bly shQwv wr\jny kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht (@h`~ ohE @h`~ a#y@g~ pvE@l~ ay, mQwOrn~ sh pYj`v) jWvn @h`~ v#dkrn ww~vy

nrk awt hrvn bvt wr\jny kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht (@h`~ ohE @h`~ a#y@g~ pvE@l~ ay, mQwOrn~ sh pYj`v) a{Qk`rWn~ ht al~l` @qn bvt

wr\jny kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht (@h`~ ohE @h`~ a#y@g~ pvE@l~ ay, mQwOrn~ sh pYj`v) bly shQwv wr\jny kQrWm

bly x`vQw` kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` X`rWrQk h`nQ sm|bn~{ sLkONE @pn~vWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` m`nsQk sh m@n`~vQq&`w~mk h`nQ sm|bn~{ sLkONE @pn~vWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` lQAgQk awvr sh/@h`~ lQAgQk vX@yn~ qR;Ny sm|bn~{ sLkONE @pn~vWm

apr`{ kQYy`k`rkm|vlqW sRr`k$mt lk~vR mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay hqEn`g#nW@m|qW a#wQ

axQ@y`~gyn~

apr`{ kQYy`k`rkm|vlqW sRr`k$mt lk~vR ay mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ay vX@yn~ @n`v

apr`{kr#vn~ vX@yn~ hqEn` g#nWmt idkd a#w. @mm avq`nm adEkr g#nWm s[h`, mQn~s`

j`v`rm|kr#vn~ vQsQn~ pEq~gl@ykOv p`lny kQrWmt sh sRr`k$mt lk~vn ww~vyk w#bWmt

x`vQw` krn ‘a`k`r’ sh sRr`k$m sm|bn~{@yn~ @g`qEr#vR a@ykO@g~ k#m#w~w aq`l @n`vWm

sm|bn~{@yn~ pYm`Nvw~ @ls pEhENEv lb`qQy yEwOy.

25

ayEwO blp$m| kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht pvE@l~ @h`~ a`r\}Qk pYX~n wQbWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` sm|bn~{@yn~ apr`{ iwQh`syk~ wQbWm @h`~ n#wQnm| a{Qk`rWn~ aq`l pEq~gly` g#n q#n sQtWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` sm|bn~{@yn~ avQ{Qmw~ sAkYmN ww~vyk~ sh/@h`~ lQykQyvQlQ rhQwvWm

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ lQykQyvQlQ, mEql~ @h`~ @vnw~ @q~ r`jsn~wk kr wQbWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` vQsQn~ as`{`rN Ny v#dpQLQ@vLkt a#wOUvW sQtWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` hE@qkl`v sQtWm, ek~ w#nk sQtWm, sh/@h`~ mErkQrWmt ytw~v sQtWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` @g~ sAs~k^wQk @h`~ a`gmQk vQX~v`syn~ @vnw~ ayt avX& a`k`ryt h#sQrvWm

p#h#r@gn y`m

vAc`v/rFvtWm ym| kr#NE (s`vq&, nQv#rqQ @n`vn, asm|pRr\N, @n`mM yvn sEU @w`rwOr#) phw q$:

• aq`l pEq~gly` sm|bn~{ sAkYmN kQYy`vlQy @h`~ ehQ s`r\}kw~vy (gmn`n~wy a#wOU)

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ gmn~ sg rFkQy`vlt bqv` gn~n` ww~vyn~

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ rFkQr]` ww~vyn~, @myt a#wOUvn~@n~: rFkQy`@v| vr\gy, @gvWm, @v|wn, a`q`ym, ipyWm|

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht pY@v|Xy a#wQ a{&`pn avs~}`

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ nQv`s, sQtQn s~}`n @h`~ jWvn ww~vyn~

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ lQykQyvQlQvl, sAkYmN ww~v@y~, r`jk`rQvl @h`~ gQvQsE@m| nWw&`nEkSlbv

• aq`l pEq~gly` sm|bn~{ nWwQ, sh a{Qk`rWn~ em ay @k@rhQ qk~vn a`kl~p @h`~ h#sQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht n#vw pvEl smM ek~vWmt, vQv`hyt @h`~ qr#kmt hq` g#nWmt a#wQ avs~}`

phw kr#NE v#rqQ a`k`ryt x`vQw` krmQn~, bly ayEwO @ls x`vQw` kQrWm @h`~ qEr\vl ww~vykt pw~ kQrWm

37:

• aq`l pEq~gly` sRr`kn ay/@s~v`@y`~jky`/pvE@l~ ay@gn~ a`r\}Qk, m@n`~vQq&`w~mk @h`~ a`@v|gXWlQ @ls y#pWm,

@h`~ em ay smM a#wQ ev#nQ sm|bn~{w`vy

• sRr`kn ay/@s~v`@y`~jky`/pvE@l~/@vnw~ ay smM aq`l pEq~gly` ht a#wQ a`@v|g`w~mk b#qWm

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ sAkYmN lQykQyvQlQ sh/@h`~ ww~vy

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ sm`j, sAs~k^wQk @h`~ x`;`my vX@yn~ hE@qkl`vWm

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ vQrFkQy`v @h`~ a`r\}Qk vX@yn~ qEgWbv

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ m`nsQk @h`~ X`rWrQk a`b`{Qww`

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ vys (wr#Nq vysq yn~n), s~wWY pEr#; bv, lQAgy, lQAgQk sm|xvy, j`wQkw~vy, v`r\gQk

@h`~ sm`j sm|xvy, sh a`b`{Qw bv

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ sAs~k^wQk sh a`gmQk vQX~v`s, vw`vw~ @h`~ pEhENE

• aq`l pEq~gly` mw~qYv& mw y#pWm @h`~ a#b|b#hQy

@vnw~ a@ykO sm|bn~{@yn~ p`lny a#wQ a@ykO@g~ k#m#w~w lb` g#nWm s[h` @gvWmk~ @h`~ pYwQl`x lb`qWm @h`~ lb`

g#nWm:

• aq`l pEq~gly` g`s~wO, q$v#qQ @h`~ wOn~vn p`r\Xvynt w&`g qWm @h`~ lb` g#nWm krn ww~vyk sQtWm

37 bln~n Abuse of a Position of Vulnerability and other “means” within the definition of trafficking in persons, UNODC, 2012 and Guidance hQ sthn ‘abuse of a position of vulnerability’

as a means of trafficking in persons in Article 3 of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United

Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, UNODC, 2012.

3 vn

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38 2.2 @kts bln~n

pRr\v`nEm`n kl @g`qEr#vR ay vQ@q~X r`j&yk~ @vw gmn~ krn, a#wOUvn, @h`~ rF[W sQtQn a`k`ry

ym| pEq~gl@ykO j`wWn~ awr mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR bvt s#k krn avs~}`vk, a#y @h`~ ohE vQ@q~X r`j&y @vw

gmn~ kl a`k`ry, a#wOUvR a`k`ry, @h`~ rF[W sQtQn a`k`ry mgQn~ pRr\v`nEm`n kl mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykO

vXyn~ ohE@g~ @h`~ a#y@g~ ww~vy sm|bn~{@yn~ av@b`~{yk~ lb`gw h#kQy:

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ gmn~ @h`~ ann&w` lQykQyvQlQ rF@gn e~m/iqQrQpw~ kQrWm wOn~vn p`r\Xvyk~ mgQn~ sQqE kQrWm

• rFkQy` nQ@y`~jQwyn~ sh gmn~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ lQy`pqQAcQ @n`vW sh/@h`~ vQ{Qmw~ @n`vR sh/@h`~ @s~vky` s[h`

a{Qk g`s~wO ay kQrWm

• a#wOUvWm s[h` vR vWs` blpwYy aq`l @n`vWm sh/@h`~ gm@n~ armEN @vnw~ @w`rwOr# smM @n`g#lpWm

(uq`hrN vX@yn~, n#vwW sQtQn k`ly sh pYm`Nvw~ @n`vn mEql~, gmn~ krn ay@g~ X`rWrQk ww~vy, @h`~

pYk`X krn lq v^w~wWy)

• aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ gmn~ mU gmn~ krn ay kl pYk`Xny smM @n`g#lpWm (uq`hrN vX@yn~, gmn~ ml~@l~

a`k`ry sh gON`w~mkbv, @y`~jQw qghO gmnk~ s[h` kOd` ml~lk~ @h`~ @y`~jQw @ktQ gmnk~ s[h` vQX`l ml~lk~)

• aq`l pEq~gly` gmn~ krn kN~d`ym ohE @h`~ a#y @n`qn~n kN~d`ymk~ bv @pnWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht v&`j ann&w`, r`jk`rQ sh/@h`~ gmn~ lQyvQlQ wQbWm sh/@h`~ gmn~ krn ay vQsQn~ lb`qEn~

@w`rwOr# vQX~v`snWy @n`vWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ohE@g~ @h`~ a#y@g~ gmn~ m`r\gy, gmn`n~wy @h`~ gm@n~ armEN sm|bn~{@yn~ v&`kSlvW sQtWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` avQ{Qmw~ sAkYmN/@n~v`sQk ww~vyk sQtWm (ann&w` lQykQyvQlQ r`jsn~wk kQrWm @h`~

rFkQy`@vn~ phkQrWm a#wOUv)

@g`qEr#vR bvt pRr\v`nEm`n krn ay@g~ X`rWrQk ww~vy

@b`@h`~ @g`qEr#vRvn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rm krn awr qr#NE m`nsQk sh k`yQk h`nQvlt x`jny@v|. pEq~gl@ykOv hmEvn

vQt ohE@g~ @h`~ a#y@g~ X`rWrQk ww~vy mgQn~ em ay mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vENQq yn~n nQgmnykt p#mQNQy h#kQy.

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR @b`@h`~ @q@nkO ev#n~nkt @g`qEr#vR ay @ls hqEn` g#nWm @n`krn awr sQy ww~vy

sm|bn~{@yn~ s$hWmt pw~vW sQtQn bvt sthn~ kr w#bWm v#qgw~@v|.

38 ym| pEq~gl@ykO wmEn~@g~ ww~vy sm|bn~{@yn~

s$hWmt pw~v sQtQn~@n~y yn~n av{`rNy kQrWm mgQn~m mQnQs~ j`v`rm| kl ay @k`wrm| qErt ovEn~v v#rqQ a`k`ryt

@m@hyv` a#wQq ynn~n s`]Qyk~@v|.

m`nsQk ww~vy sh h#sQrWm pQLQb[ sLkONE:

• aq`l pEq~gly` k#LBQl~@ln~, pWdQwv, bQ@yn~, a`@v|g@yn~ sh xW;N@yn~ sQtQn bv @pnWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` mEhEN @qs bl`@gn k}` kQrWm pYwQ@]~p kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` sQqEv a#wQ h`nQ sm|bn~{ k}` kQrWmt @h`~ s`kc|C` kQrWmt p#kQ@L~

v#rqQ @ls s#lkS bvt sh/@h`~ @n`slk` sQtQ bvt X`rWrQk lkONE:

• aq`l pEq~gly` X`rWrQk hQAsn sm|bn~{ sLkONE @pn~vyQ

• aq`l pEq~gly` mw~qYv& @h`~ mw~{&s`r vlt a#b|b#hQbv/y#@pn bv/x`vQw` krn bvt sLkONE @pn~vyQ

• aq`l pEq~gly` qE;~@p`~;Ny, @h`~ a`h`r, jly, nQn~q, @@vq& rFkvrN @h`~ @vnw~ jWvQwyt avX& @q~ n#wQvWm

@h~wO@vn~ @pn~vn @vnw~ X`rWrQk l]N @pn~vWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` @s~qWm sh/@h`~ snWp`r]k phsEkm| @n`m#wQvWm nQs` @pn~vn l]N @pn~vWm

27

pRr\v`nEm`n kl @g`qEr#vR ay jWvw~vn sh/@h`~ v#dkrn s~}`n@y~ a#wQ ww~vyn~

jWvw~vn sh/@h`~ vdkrn ww~vyn~ sm|bn~{ qr\Xkyn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ayv sRr`k$m h` sm|bn~{@

v|. lQAgQk kr\m`n~wy, @mn~m g^hs~} v#d, Lm` rFkvrN, @s_K&y @s~v`, v#dQhQtQyn~ rFkbl` g#nWm, kWYd`,

vQ@n`~qvWm, a`gn~wOk sw~k`r, iqQkQrWm|, vnvg`, k#NWm|, k^;Qkr\m`n~wy, sh @rqQpQLQ kr\m`n~wy a#wOU

kr\m`n~wvl pRr\v`nEm`n kl @g`qEr#vRvn~ @s`y` gw h#kQy. phw a#wQ qr\Xkyn~ pRr\v`nEm`n kl mQnQs~ j`v`rmt

@g`qEr#vR a@ykO jWvw~vn sh/@h`~ v#dkrn sQyUm ww~vyn~t aq`l@v|.

@gvWm sh gQvQsEm|:

• upyn sh iwQrQkrn @q~ wb`g#nWmt sh/@h`~ m`r#kr y#vWmt aq`l pEq~gly`t whnm|vWm

• a#y @h`~ ohE krn r`jk`rQ sm|bn~{@yn~ iw` sEU @gvWmk~ kQrWm @h`~ kQsQm @gvWmk~ @n`kQrWm @h`~ @gvWm pYm`q

kQrWm

• @p`@r`n~qEvR @v|wn @h`~ j`wQk avm @v|wnvlt s`@p~]v adE @gvWmk~ aq`l pEq~gly` ht @gvWm

• @s~v`@y`~jkyn~/rFkQy` nQ@y`~jQwyn~ ht @gvWm s[h` aq`l pEq~gly`@g~ v#tEpQn~ a{Qk @ls mEql~ adE kQrWm

• pEq~gly` ht nWwQ@yn~ hQmQkm| a#wQ pYwQl`x sh sm`j a`r]N lb` @n`qWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` gQvQsEmk~ aw~sn~ @n`kQrWm @h`~ gQvQsE@m| a#wQ @k`n~@q~sQvlt gr# @n`kQrWm

• r`j&yt p#mQNQ psE sh/@h`~ rFkQy`v a#rBW@mn~ psE pEq~gly` ht aUw~ gQvQsEmk~ aw~sn~ kQrWmt lb`qWm

• @s~vkyn~ ht @v|wn @gvR bvt s`]Q @pn~vWmt @s~v`q`yk ht @n`h#kQvWm

• @h~wOvk~, q#n~vWmk~ sh/@h` pYwQl`x @n`m#wQv pEq~gly`v rFkQy`@vn~ ivw~ kQrWm

r`jk`rW s~}`n@y~ @s_K&y sh a`r]`v:

• pEq~hly` ht nQsQ a`r]k upkrN lb` @n`qW @h`~ e~v` x`vQw` krn a`k`ry ugn~v` @n`sQtWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht @@vq& rFkvrN s[h` pY@v|Xy lb` @n`qWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` iw` a{Qk @ls qQgO/as`m`n& @ls v#d kQrWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht vQ@v|kyk~ @n`m#wQvWm @h`~ iw` @ktQ vQ@v|k lb`qWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht lb`qEn~ ilk~k kr` lM`vWmt asmw~vWm @h~wO@vn~ qdEvm|/qdvlt x`jny vWm

eh`@mh` y`mt a#wQ sWm` sh adE phsEkm|:

• aq`l pEq~gly` vQsQn~ @x_wQk vX@yn~ r`jk`rW s~}`nyt @h`~ @vnw~ s~~}`nykt sWm`vR l]N @pn~vWm

(uq`: a`vrNy kl j@n~l, @q`rvl~ pQtwQn~ ywOr#qm` wQbWm, ktEkm|bQ v#tvl~, a`r]N k#mr`)

• aq`l pEq~gly` r`jk`rW krn s~}`n@y~ nQq` g#nWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht sn~nQ@v|qny s[h` pY@v|Xy lb` @n`qWm

• aq`l pEq~gly` ht sQy gmn~/ann&w` lQyvQlQvl sn~wky n#wQvWm, sh/@h`~ aq`l lQykQyvQlQ @s~v` @y~jky`

@h`~ @vnw~ a@ykO vQsQn~ r`jsn~wk kr w#bWm

39

39 qr\Xk sm|bn~{ v#dQqEr @w`rwOr# sh sm|pw~ s[h` kr#N`kr Matrix of Resources bln~n.

3 vn

@k

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4 vn @k`ts:

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vn ay hqEn` g#nWm sm|bn~{ @h`~dEv`vvn~@g~

s`rÀXy

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR bvt pRr\v`nRm`n krn ayt v`sQ vn a`k`ryt pRr\v`nEmQwQyk~ hqEn~v`qWm:

@g`qEr#vR ay hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{ r`j& pYwQpw~wQ mgQn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR a@ykO vX@yn~ s#k

krn a@ykO ht mRlQk upk`r sh a`r]`v s#pyW@m|| armEN sm|bn~{@yn~ ovEn~ mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR

a@ykO yn pRr\v`nEmQwQy mw a{Qk`rWn~ ht ktyEwO kQrWmt idkd lb`qQy yEwOy.

mQnQs~ j`v`rmt aq`l apr`{ sm|bn~{ av@b`~{y a#wQkQrWm: mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR @ls slknE

@n`lbn e@hw~ @vnw~ apr`{vlt @g`qEr#vR ayht upk`r sh a`r]`k vQ{QvQ{`n avX& vQy

h#kQy. mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ayv hqEn`g#nWm sm|bn~{@yn~ vgkWm a#wQ v^w~wWkyn~ ht a`XQYw

apr`{ sm|bn~{@yn~ q#nEvw~ kl yEwO awr avX& a`k`ryt pYwQc`r q#k~vWmt ovEn~t avX& @q~ lb`

qQy yEwOy.

qEr\vl kN~d`ym| awr sQtQn mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR @ls pRr\v`nEm`n kl ayv hqEn` g#nWm:

c@s`y`b#lW@m| aqQyrt @pr, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR ayv hqEn`g#nWm awQXy qE;~kr@v|. sQy pYwQpw~wQ

awrt mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~kl sAkYmNQkyn~ a#wOU, mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vQy h#kQ ay awr sQtQn pRr\

v`nEm`n kl @g`qEr#vR ay hqEn` g#nWmt a{Qk`rWn~ ht upk`r krn pYwQp`qn wQbQy yEwOy.

vhl~x`vy hqEn`g#nWm: vhl~x`vy sLkONE krn~@n~ apr`{y krn ay sh ohE@g~ @h`~ a#y@g~

apr`{yt lk~vR ay awr a#wQ sm|bn~{w`vyt vd` aq`l ww~vyt sm|bn~{ kr#NE mwy. vhl~x`vyt

lk~vR a@ykO @p@nn a`k`ryt s#pphsE jWvQwyk~ gw klq, sQy jWvQwy sm|bn~{@yn~ mRlQk wWrN

g#nWmt a#wQ @n`h#kQy`v a{Qk`rQn~ vQsQn~ av@b`~{ krgw yEwOy.

Nyk~ pQyvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ vhl~x`vy (debt bondage): mQnQs~ j`v`rmt lk~vR @b`@h`~ ay

awr Nyk~ pQyvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ vhl~x`vy bhEl aw~q#kWmkQ. Nyk~ pQyvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ

vhl~x`vy hqEn`gw h#k~@k~ nQr\Ny kl @n`h#kQ Nyk~ p#vwWm sh @k`wrm| v#d klw~ @s~v`

s#pyRvw~ @gv` avsn~ kl @n`h#kQvWm @h~wO@vnQ. Nyk~ @gvWm s[h` sRr`kn a`k`ryt XYmy

@h`~ @s~v` lb`qWm @h~wO@vn~ @b`@h`~ a{QkrN kl`p mgQn~ Nyk~ pQyvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ a#wQ vhl~x`vy

@b`@h`~ pEUl~ a`k`ryt hqEn` gnW.

b@ln~ vQv`h sQqEkQrWm hqEn`g#nWm: k`n~w`vn~ pmNk~ b@ln~ vQv`hvWm|vlt lk~vn bv hqEn`gnE

lbn vhl~x`vy sm|bn~{ anEpRrk pYZ`p~wQy bl`w~mk vW@mn~ anwOr#v, pQrQmQ LmEn~ sh mQnQsEn~q

b@ln~ krn vQv`hvlt lk~vQy h#kQ bvt pEUl~ @ls pQLQ@gn a#w. sQyUm a`k`r@y~ b@ln~ sQqE krn

vQv`hvlt e@rhQv ktyEwO kQrWm s[h`, @g`qEr#vn ay@g~ lQAgQkw~vy @n`wk` b@ln~ sQqEkrn vQv`h

whnm| krn nWwWn~ s#m@qnt ek@s~ aq`l vQy yEwO bvt vgbl` g#nWm @h`[ pEhENEvk~ vX@yn~

slkn lqW.

qr#vn~v sRr`k$mt lk~kQrWm s[h` vQkQNWm hqEn` g#nWm: LmEn~ @h`~ bQLQqEn~ vQkQNW@m|qW sRr`k$m

sQqEvWm vQkQNWmt psE sQqEvWm avX& @n`vn b#vQn~, @mm sAkl~py qr#kmt hq` g#nWm s[h`

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@g`~p@q~Xy - baliprocess.net · @b@bb| e~.@k~.en~. jEn~jEnn~ ... { sm|bn~{ ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ k`r\&`ly sAvQ{`nyvR apr`{ sm|bn~{ pYZ`p ... mQnQs~ j`v`rmt @g`qEr#vR ay hqEn` gw h#k~@k~