50
.-,j!: ,ai.a 1 a.:i:r 4[it!ii !1t!4 itll r,24 i,1tr[,4t Ii.kil-'1.1!l ,!!la! 6i,ai at) \, [Gujarati Literature] ltiruu is .ioe 181 ( &G{tir-ril .dlau) :A"u: si. n{?ag.t!r orsr, Gr.1.r, ut ra, "grr.il liroor, ratqd-+i,rd si<]t, dtnsr 1. e.,1.,-itul.{L In?r,[ tLEdl Rc'r{ {ct ua{ttJ\ ]1Y.{ 2. a{,1ilel\64 \y.1 3. aoqLrlrq.l ri{ci {le arc{l Aar,i6<dt r,"itrl . 4. :{Ar itQ{,Nr.lI .{l{ n".i.lr {r.r rqlql 4. '.iz' au !d.i.til{.'ii uotu qP q,r 1atiqtd (t, t', (, (t, cJ (l, G $, €, e, (!, $, (lr(1, (c, (0, (?,, (e, (6, G, €, (?, (6,' (f, (. (9'(l,, $i CPSC !t'! ,.i!!il>d lnl q,lqll it q,[ l r[qr?E€f] aerfEcea (1, ,

GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

GPSC Study Material

Citation preview

Page 1: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

.-,j!: ,ai.a

1 a.:i:r 4[it!ii !1t!4 itll r,24 i,1tr[,4tIi.kil-'1.1!l ,!!la! 6i,ai at)

\,[Gujarati Literature]

ltiruu is .ioe 181

( &G{tir-ril .dlau):A"u:

si. n{?ag.t!r orsr, Gr.1.r, ut ra,

"grr.il liroor, ratqd-+i,rd si<]t, dtnsr

1. e.,1.,-itul.{L In?r,[ tLEdl Rc'r{ {ct ua{ttJ\ ]1Y.{

2. a{,1ilel\64 \y.13. aoqLrlrq.l ri{ci {le arc{l Aar,i6<dt r,"itrl .

4. :{Ar itQ{,Nr.lI .{l{ n".i.lr {r.r rqlql4. '.iz' au !d.i.til{.'ii uotu qP q,r 1atiqtd

(t, t', (, (t, cJ (l, G $, €, e, (!, $, (lr(1, (c, (0, (?,, (e, (6, G, €, (?, (6,' (f, (. (9'(l,, $i

CPSC !t'! ,.i!!il>d lnl q,lqll it q,[ l

r[qr?E€f] aerfEcea(1,

,

Page 2: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

2_

3.

4.

5.

6.

'7.

6.

r?ttu ti,r

,lhiqLf

r,rql

i]llie

tdl ,ei{1,{,r tlt zr: rll rrrr sll re17 xll 1\1\ El rs

tl {l ?.n

iY dl rsle {i ernl PIi n,{

o\ {L nc

Qonir I ; {*dl'r l$rdl {r[tdr't{Acrq.lq.l { }.{,lc(dt r,itflrio,ll4i q[i!c{

J(@ll !'.in?leq{ qi uDdrigr+{l r"ritt)oq.r ui mDerdg<dl },'tlrtr-'r

Jgrr{ !".r1trit

oq.l l,li R[!rq8dq{ }A.iinri

J6r{{t r, r1.r:i

Ea{,r 2: qq,t{l l n i&'ll qlrt,[anii vz tl te

1_

z

3.

4.

5.

oltil!to{goilanr

,rrl3an0itl

:,{.litdr

i[i\ti,r{J((q{l x".rlnrl

d Rqq,3gcre{l r,-iit,)lft\Qq4,igcr{l u".rirri

t{i'{lq,riqtrdl u,rirrrl

lR\tiqqJtrtrdl l-iirriidi\hqadg<u{i n,irrllff\8,1rd{qd} u.'il{itliqQnt$iuhtruJ(qs{t ri"rltr1

\1 {l q1

q3 cq \,

qq s{l \e

ro {1alan

6. qiiqld

8. .tlririw.l9. !s,{l.ir*d

rn {[e\ {l

Page 3: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

'{l'n ir{if,rn{l,L : llrL,il erur{l kfiri"{r . i\i.ql r,t nr rlr{l ar ell g/

olvrLa t r'l 1z{dl r,urrL

+qirll.r ?s[ qtqr?,i.i liiri{r..lu rHI (l{'{.ii R!ur-{'t[ii,lti

ttrr'll ar(\r{ tLordsiq

J1<r0 :r".t1rrr'i

tc {l so

eo {l elol {l e1

sr dl sr

&(l{rJr 5 : qqrd.1 {[,]d{ : hr\r {ti rr1{119

4.

5.

3

4.

3

2

1.

$r{

iQ\ qi Q4{,l(qsll *"rlni{.1i'l 'r'j R!L{

dtrei{l u,,r1nr1

rci'{ ai iaJLn

ihqdl n "irnr'lu1u ui QarL

J(trdl r'*triiql\ lri [A4u

i{qall q"rinil

eo di

.o {lzY 4l

z( {cr {lCY III

co ell

100 {

qqrLtll{i d-r slil,l'lj \eL'1 : IAta+a(tr.iRrqqr inaq{ Jliqij t6r.i

qr-rgr{h otoniadr l

1lt{lrdi ${,1{l da :

qalll{H qtqr irlLll{ irl}d{ :

,{1,r,r

Ei.1,r u8,r,r

J6ee{i r"rirrl

Jgcrdl r,.r1tri

0Cad1n*irril

,l(qqll \railrrr'l

11.3

1n!

t lrY{11re{11t1{l1tn{ 1tg

dl c$r

liqr:L4|rqadli.ll!q [Jc{l.et q] A3r{ s\{l111

lar {I1trc:{Letl n,i\ai (zqt6i {0d)

:0

1na {i 1rY

lYq { l{irqa illtq?

Page 4: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

llouct : q

r{€{stdl"t rt"t?tdl aGcu-u{s't (:o Jtu)

(r) uQto .ri.ar

(r) r{hiou6

(€) alq,r!

(v) u',

(,rli,rr.ie

(e)ttqtt

(o)eurrn

(a)dldq€r{i.

GPSC {{lar- 1 (061

Page 5: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

rlY?ra rlG(.r (agc€il u"- )

(r) arfiie udar

r. ',r'l ,ft^liq. rl'a ; ..{l !{.r..e '

" 1r{id .lJ,t.{l {1,1t !hi{ Ari rLr'iilr,,{{ \d1i !,!a 46 d '

" .lrtld tlqa o$d d, tr:i rRwi{1ttiL, i."" 'ttidri nouli,ri i tLi Gr,r !G d-"

r. 6+ru ui r1+*u:i ulitu urBrE :

l,ur,ir {q$dl.r iJy{d} n dc{.11{ear,1{lniut{ 1oo 1.{o,r,{4 qd {il odt. 'qriarorLgofttru' ,i ra,r lvrLdl arL\r-ll!q.1{A orell {trq. ul ri {lA [tci d1i] {r rRr.u ldlnrkl.litlRi ,t .LL,.Li. Ar !r.Li "nRdi.r r'Lr,{q :ltudl rLl8c{{ ,n&Jh.L{i} r.{IrL{U'r L4lnj,

A{ ilAoLtlLc tE {il \!r xrfuRs aE ridl d. dqnL {i llrqd{ daa I {,,{r4 t[ti ai(r(\di.ll alE1,i.tRui {rlic{ A{ !hir'[4l:i z,l 1lrAg d. il{l :{a4i-{l {'{,{,n r{iiLi.i.iii.rirud,rR1r.,l!\r'li.qcll(tlN,sd,u""{r.{.,{,,h.LJrld,dri.qr,{laEilirl.L d iq {,?rq .1l a[D.i ,{qr 6(r d. i,lt Jh {40{. ,{.idl]. r('{ ?.qr{r h{r iidt {{li u'rl:i n"u[t,i rqlq \!r a]i 1]!i .rEl. q q"1t itD,i .1r,tiici r(qllL d,t.u ,,r'i 1o+,ruiL ,aLGllQ

riqi z ql.

iLL.rt !r|l[ lli JR.r] 111{ iild []dt-li,li {,roi€ xqt,l.l. !t. 1rr,[1 u.idirq 1t1'4 qiij.

F&r'ir i)r ,i.oit &u{i ai ,,lt qnt{rr. !.r rri r.i,lt(1r( tl nll i{ [,ldr'ii litut,{r u.LJ,1i ,rjci

i1,{ d. ,il 3li.1qc,rir,r 3. 6rrR t{ ,i 1fi,r .r(1.{l ,id qla.l v E'J .1 ll 'ri i ]G ixrl{0,o1i rldl rFtd qEn y 'J it{ ,iqr .{$ rilL,{r i. ,{q nLr\,li

'Lj €, sx.1,it[{,.{lt,!1.{t11niE:l {.ui {t,tr.i jll r 61ril c{i 3i{l,i€1,n {d!,ii.t1l{ ui a. eq'ljq.|,LLr 6. .lyry-1,{ qt iYre tt'ri +1.11{tj.

.1. qii qq.3Ltl{i a{r\? Ji:i o{5d@,& :

'QRs'rL eq1 l,ii.[t izc{lJ qz{r{i d'11 4ri,1!Ls{l tlit il'1irll lrk q8i d ,ir ieclL ji{ lqit

'rL|!qi.{l 116 rLieL rR{rtr l;id1 l"hr,ir.r r,ut{R ur{l r} ,,i 1!{oL.{l eq{i.{ jd, 4tqi r}. dqr.d.i,

Qli ql'rorri -rpLr {Rig .l,.r,lc!,ri ? \Ldr D.dL-{l a*9r{L gu41 .6+Lora orL6'orLo{l.i uttLl tL,r

d r{ aLa{l{i iaddt irrd rtu?.[ o1[}r rll t'rL] xc{ar iai d 4i ni{t ui drur td.i ltri'.llarneti d. c{{1,{t.)1q4qi l1[tu 1€1rr[l 4rioi d. \q xojm,r.n r'r.Lr ru oljnti ri$n4

'{11-r{l ai iqt i{r1.{I }Li, qr,{[it ir.ir r(L.lri !1q]r ,i B. x\r" rii qv.r.LL,ii {d qrl0i ".idi .lcil-

i1-t uli ?,1-r1 o{ii5rr ii d , !i.lt 631 ,{rr{}ir tui d. {i Sdlm nLilt,Li 4i Ix.1L (J.11i }r:i3

lLtl{r t0dlal rl,i ,1.{l ,* 0. qq 1{rqr zir triJl aiLiLq.ria o{trrqr). {i 1!,a ,.1[. qrdttiri.i! @"r.r tlh,{r't01"{L d {i ru.Ll41dtliri y r*i€i rl\rynl o*n d{l}jl,lrr au{ D. oV

uti'\el -nRidi 4rwi aG..1 d{1i'a uicr.fti dli. ortit ri q?.1 ,,'Lqr aui'] rid qtqlii_.ttq€lrul 3{ Ai o{A 4i ,,u\Q A{ iRdL d{l }ia"ti a/t iNh \i 4 %di 5,1ti,{ ,R d&{in"udL 1,li iql ", ii Dil crd ii.di .ii [.la&, ri d ], 'rinrd 3qa al,d, ;i llNli

Page 6: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

Gl'SC qilar

ar1liFu d, Lrdi ltq d{! ,{,n A tzlt 0' tLlt i { ,R\'!tt'1-'t '{Rqq 4t'+t:i A4 htq ,L'4 it,:.ta d

[.y, a+r I,, ,

-nRiot olGro{t.r ?Loii 5Q{d1 1t,r$ 4i $Lqnt{l ilv-i Si hlq rl. iT i 'tLt'rutzLr'it

Rqrd', '{{', 'at(', '{rii!' .}{ ni,ir.1t }ufl,.{tlnt&,,{it d, dl 'itt {dx'{A', 'lrtli'1lu['._,r1r1rr.

"ia-i ,.i ., ir,a..i .,1 . ',rL\t-<{t\rr r.";q..L l 1\.lr.1i .r.r .r "

:I ut r.Lr. o.,.r.{La dq. {, qt1lr \Lc tr .rr0 r ..q . r rtlq, rrr qLqrr .h,rlllll qLait!$aL,iriei

',r1,{ii,ur41'l di i rLL rr.rt,i .L![4] 1s1{.

r,Lrw,.r.i olrrlv+ &-u. rli :

'1q4.{l,r t1rtldl uDc{.1l \.r y crir&q t{LBRxltl l,ri }iLrqL.t .ii 6[l'd -nu1'11? lti ({]{rtlloi \€r.{ q{ .1:i r}, {oirL \toi!L{ rt! .{qr !e-zi \s1.{l {u[ i'tr qrd( ii{ ' Et\.ta1' ,:t

{.i{ {ru1i.l ", d. tiitR.u,{Bj i A{L lq d. 4tii,1i lit\ct.i ,,11!1lt.it tqP rLtrtl .loldll 4q1

,{cL r1$"ir.i{ r,r1.1t{l\ "A.tt qi d. .lull, .u r,Lr.{t l{n rfiii ,{idl 4t!qt.l t{i[,!ct lr{iq.ll }ll\1t9{4rll ouqq, {5r, i,|l.ia q.ihr l,ttu{!.ti,1i ,i, h{Lct ttrtFl cr.ll .t1t. 4 aE{ 4tult.i.il10 ,{(.iil 3h d{f 1tQ\r.rj i11t4 l"/r{t {[JcHr 6Rsr qi qt .ti r], 4L (],{ii 1 ,,1.1i ,,rLcl

ln1Lcl1 \rii \cr drjrdr {li tLrraLr.r .l JJI 1t!1,1.

.l"Lrg rrrllirj rj. . ,r-:{1Q1,r. rqid.l.ii {io1 llnqGt.Lt ,ttl'{l qqi d i.t ,ld{l1d-r'{i :un.11((i ;iLt

nLJrci.lr on.r d{l} rr'rii 2r4q. }i11 fl:I.lt qr-'L&iq.ti \ti\i i'itll .it tD-1I d6,j "*4 ,idi ,l \',iy,r z ,ut,l, i, ar \ri ,ijr qk q y{ {rl d. ,r!1 1r[iLc luaa rqt'r.!!r-i liiul

" Rir ?ii

nir Li. 1.qr-ll r& q:i.ir,{l i {rii rLrc{lcn .Iei 1g z (;q*rz1l ura{,ii o. r"t'ri rit{l)i! li t\.rr.-Ar^, 1r.fuq4,r," *o 1"r1,rs .:rn 'l

!L) ) r!t r r. -ru,, .tq \.9a "li .t,lr..'

lUt'4JLrl {r \:l&{1, Og,{i itdt, &t tr.ian{:r {{I

[tr{c{, q,{{ ,.u€ 1,4 m,{ e.ri d.

41 6\1id lliLl-tqtil tEto $! Aci ,'qhq w1'[ .tlai d . 1lqlcLie{ uFtqR '1111

lli ltttli.1I{{ sffiq-|.1i.r,{.ii 6ut\r{l &or ,;i{i"LL 1jdqd.1.il a[t4 dqt,rd{cr-1l t[Dli qr lii &..lrlic.lt 4L ri.tll\i laaL, &!,1 ,,i{ 6iE oqBL,lt {1..1I'l d }

,ar{ i} lirld r .rui .{.ir r.ilL r!,LLr,

],i{ iini ri !J{{ ,{i ,{rniA ,r qd rt, ,1!I .Rllid.r o{[RtLRi €*,1 .urqL.{l olq .i !1d1 ";16!j.,p r)lr i.r j, uL{ ; r re R\,

',1,1 ,{l .\-f ?tl ).1;.,

\rl dQ L ir (.{r',{,

e(r.{lLt 1. q x ,u..,rr" 0 iJt ,1. rr.

.Lr' f-1e t( I t.

eiri, or.ll rrlkriri rl(1llt rt-l

Page 7: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

IY?kil xG.n (dg@il u".n))

e. L1rrliqi lqiqd v'rr /flrr.':Llr { ri u.i) :

.i GL.+rLL.rr'L( u,{, ..rcaol ,liotL.rt ouuLL, {rL.{l :Lr1.i,.Eitt.rL ,rtol.r ltii g,rLtttr_ll

iriolluh ar dlori xo{[a.Li i i-{l qla.u{tl 4i ,l[dtt 4ir(L i]i. A\i[ ilF'{'11 '{r'Lnt:ih,rLo,1].i./ 5i.u(lq t{{l -lfiis'ii rr xe{ A{i i.ll \lt1,dl qq{ lr{'i .LlLri 3. 'iJ hi'l! Ai3io1{d,fir {iol.ii i,ll r 5J d }, 'utdi qLa ai d trr,1 0 I qGi,{{l flu'll olfiut'ri .i.ll trdt

./.ilirqr.ll !J a qd €i. i?a I {ftd \;d {qro{k{r, 0{Rr{ilRri\€i (1..ii git qi \tiyl,ilm,titL,,r<r ,{!,-l ct ,1i Cit.,

lcLc{krri ,rei ri r!'ur ,!1M ryni lki itt% ild alRri l[J1t 4i }lttq tid]l lLt.t :itp{-11 ql,rtl .Laili d. 4 xo{fa\iqq ]2d5,{i {€L,1t1tl .{iq d, di }zdJ{i d'.r1 {tt{ dtttPl{dliSEolqdl

'1kll d ,i i,1i! !t {ltR.li q(rl1d.

iiRrc:I ri o{R,j tod rldi ' n d ai;L{ SGti olGr.{i ru{l d{B ,it0LlLriu, rr'i riril-

\trd oi[R \rr1q ,k,q6rcluql {} l.'

aL'r, orGr.rj ,{i { r,ri erGii r1(.i 6\i{ qli d. ,i .,[e qlt

', ," 1,.r .a.)q ' r . r.1.

i.,:.. u*urJ rr' ' . .

i\i ,'1i-{l daJr 6!.1,rH d. Jti ii rrlurerri 'l rT lR{ re'rL* d riqi rliliL qlq '{!t

qt\ Lq':r { rld{ hir.,L ru4.l, i ,lrdq.lt alD'i uiliqri & i{ 1l'ul 1{.i. 'i{

..{lrqi ,L,t.r\i iiL ,Jl,{t rEir,

Atdi"r(ttr.'{la,''t{1,1, 11,M 6{ i 'tt!taJL i-td 1{ lBt^iia.'

{ dr1.11 i{4 q[rrdrr:r iqLR d. di

'%,tfl d( il "d.l( 4t {0,0,r:ur,r. qn r..

I \.rl1{. ('[ '{'' '- J-jr if,- .4

"1r1, 1a a$

{ drln1 qli 6\tnct.{t }rDri dfl -r .r$iJ A.[ ,{t ,Rdt{ 6dd d. uo{LlAqi\i fu]t etfR llidcr$ii !'tr1$ 3{li irRrllcL o1rqxdlr'r.{i }r&"13d Jd d.,i.u 'Xtiti %eq! tolr )it t[.1.11

i cr,fl

Page 8: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

GPSC qilar

'r.1 \i 51t!r urud r.i{l'\!1

'tr']; 'idf ;r \+r "u'l

i !r{'{":t n+ a1 ii I rd'i'

, .. x- aA,{: \H (.tJR )rt?i l]9 J ;d \q. .%' I ?tlY1' ' '('l' i; 'i 1'.n '

i 'l1r1r' 9-lqu a

.rd t-1.r\i a{fisa ndDqri ul, la:'r{ ? 0''}r.'i n

r.6\{d{1:rut, {$il& (]!52 elkqtqdl i{6i ,td{'il \Lani Qdi t{'t 6tqqqt'i \.rF{ :ql d A41

{a {pL11L \t1,1i {,l'{t'{l T i€'{t 54qr,ri oii risl\ '1-0i i! xt{ aled 0 iE JRdL-11 '{t1,{i

Eqlsq 6lo11d 1ii'A'{ aR tEir otti O. l[ildL'0 1A I '{t{!4t eL'{i;i otldt{i Da]tat ad

!.1 {} u. eci rt ' i1*r. \r Jl al .ar rqt'i 'ci t {ll 'l'"{l hr \"v,r.r.ll0.

Egoail u*itd?

(r) rir.q*i.11 v.LLqt.qD qu Rroit llLii(1l d. i'lizll u'1t "/'ltoti 5'{ ?cil'l11'- 'ilie TltiLl-ll

.'.'hr l,!a LrLl-,(rP.r.r' ! 1'1..

(1) r* Jrdi,1![i q.,llalt'll 1tL!4t'( qd''l il'd ',it '1i 1'lt't'id it'ntr'| "/'116! tl?(t'rl{1'l3i 'ti{ dt

| {.1 ,.. qin r'.,1'r1)'rJ,Y'"dqd l

1 . nu,,n.t1qi,{.rl 01ls {ixzt1 i'0 tlanii'{i xitft '11t{

i ?

(,])'rL,i (,.t)i,t'ie(r{l) ttru ({) rLL.ta

({D tlri.tll

({t) uh{e,ri iL

(.{1) i.rL.l!,

(iD 'tiql

({l) r,roo

(0) "tl t ilFit

r -r'r[iu .rJdrj qii ]i! u ?

!.(nl)qrL,u (,,{l) "Lar (r{I) .r"rtt

'4F1q q6{r{i .i5 d,,llsR' .i(R' JR 3U d !

(,,i),{ri ({) i. .it (rt) 4q1

n. '{rrauri Qqt€' {ldnr rdl ttq d ?

(.i),a'1h (,.{l) rt*,{. '!4lqlit{ .1lli' !t {rfd(.ll,uR d ?

(,,) \r ...1 ro{lr ),..r{- ,r') c,'E. a$e .lJdl'ri 4tXYrtt t 6.{- lYtY'{l eli g(I'i {nrqi t!?

(,jU tvi'r ('10 rvzo (r{l) sYco

e. .lli'ii.1idL .Qt{d \Jd1.0 1R rd d ? -

(rq) .rl{ld qJdt

(,,r) r"{lr.{lqL ("tl)qr.L.L.r ( l) 5,rrluL.r

Page 9: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

lYrfil xGGr (8(sqil!&i)

. ,.q,L r!.r:,1 .." \qItqllI,,Ls:llo'., {,tl) ,{ l" pJ 41,.a (1r.r

". .i1{i€ i!'diL!i.i lq1 3iqra €dh i,l{ aEii )ntl i,11 ?

(i)rt.ILh (.,11),ridlrlt (,I)],u{ara (JD4L..rL.uR

1... ,%"ll;i {/i ,1j srki ali-iJi, 6lq{ 4?\zr r,arol 01ti' .;i.r !d 6\R{rt1i ii( d€sn-l ri n ,[Q,{,ti

{t uL,i d ?

(,,r1) uun (.,{) "{lri (+{l) uhiu {0) 4\r11. ilEc (rqlu d, {r{l r{i d-q.11 {.ra &l{ qg tir{J d ,,111 i ,ui d ?

(d) tL,r (u1t) oLror (r1t)+io ({1) :,{11. rfic{ rq iqi,{i te(,rtidfltiidl eq.fl Ei( ,{i dftso l.ll atE-.ll x,{h &rA d ?

(n)rLdl (ull)\R,{r,l ht) q!Lr{ ({t)uq?rtl

xn 'rr{illl5odr ,{ d{li lR( d 1

(,i),R"lt (.t)rLr ({L)!a{hqi (0)8.\L

1Y 'rL,xdlcd 1t ,[q ]il,rL 0 ?

(,;i),!ri (.t).ttiir (,i1)z,lr,r.. (ll)"itii1'1 {qnd1.l lyrdl ulir-chr ,,uiol,lL % tvi-r,{i rh ri t!,{ ill j{ !l ?

(t) orG1 ri rr,rl,rirL (i,lL) 1.tli {i 4tiit.1. t./trd[ {rD.{{ nttRih ii,rr iLltx E I

(u.'L)i.1,ia{,1 (4l),tlire ({l)nrLq,:L (0),{l.iLq

1e. clar.{l utlJd{ i {alslcuo{5ir {il,{JaqJe{l Lrla i'r,i 0u0l(,.i) -etiiu,rioL (,,11) e+LrL,r ({U "r,i (lt) tri

1 r . iflle-{l{.ll lt\dr 6\1 ,,n .i ri i{l 4{i qjl si.lLal {oi.L 0 ?

(ll) rli.iia qi rL.1, (6tl) i {.a ui ri,ih1c. 'i{l€-ll !d tfitql,ri{i \ei A.{ \i \lell %,rlq.1l nlr1t 6riLi d ?

(i,i) ii&i"L.1i 4;I r4rcrtnid (4U w{€i{qLh {i riirr,lt0iL

ro a{l,dll -)ar-i.rq. jr\ t l(id ort.rll (41) oLt .t'lL (r{l) cnqr ($) xo{tit{i

rl. f.\"1i. {-)q .,r Li"\i Gricr ,, ?

.(i) 1eL*L (u{) etutLr ({) ni{ (JD tlLsr

tt. ntil!,-{ @.I.r.fl r,,lt (?l.td 'qL(rtl qi.ll ueL.,{l' qe 3{ qJRd } ?

(i) turL"L ({) riu:Lq (itt)traq (11) r{uLd{

Page 10: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

uPsc uil4r

ti.'.rLqri qi-llu(+{l' \t\i tinle4 31t 1[n-1i !& qL'{d ?

(,1) lqlrL -tl q' r{1tn (dl) r"r.L{.r- {.i z,+r.

d. . r" ii t {\.! l- rr' r\rqt!xr(ttqqqu:{tt)g<1.

(a) 6.{ 1,uo ,{1 1\co G{l) [.+ t"t.,lt t, zo

(r{l) d.r. 1ye,r 41tt.x. tqro (lU 6-r. rv'r\ '11

tvco

1.9. {l&iu {t[Ad ].{ sdt ?

(,1) ,{r ('0)nn,r (i{l) ourr

, 32. 'utl1lst\{l' ,{ u1,L? \€-11 ,ti{L ri \iqd}.lE?

(,rt ,L,o i "1. ' Jiq. f'l I qq.r.

re r?thsii ,,uilur5i4 S.{.\i 9{i t{ri q{t d 1

(,,r) "iLti,,r

oueq (oll) qs.icu.rpLr (rll) qlQu

? r .nRi.t.i %.1 Jii ir.{i odi I

(l) e,h,r

(i) c0rtr ('{l) +'tL"aL (r{t) "6rL'La ({l) tL'1iru

1c {tl{u1! tn'di lrlit rtr {i €di I(i) qLLqq{rL-jqr.oLtd (u{i) {ttL.{ta4 Jiltqt(i{l) {irul{u-i{{ (3)trz ,'1ullu[d'

3o.'FlR,r,lZl i i3 EPitti','ttqt i {i ni'{ \tll tlRuri h rr9t1'li'{11 d ?

(t) flr<{qt,ri (,lL) r.1i (itl)rtqBtit'ri (11)atfl1nid'ti

3 t.'G{;,Li .t"L.fli,t tL'",1tlti AG,it' lqt }11ti'1i qz d I''(,jL) rLr-r,rL.tl (uLI) r.1qslq[,{G11i({i) ordr1,ril1i (l) t.ttcrJ

rr. {Uidltrt ilRiit\i rl{,1 "LL.'Lat

.r{i{u'i iLiL'riqi'rL{ o( ?

(r;t).rLri ("{t)o{o{q (r{UoIr!,)L (jl)tit,rLr.

i3. 'iiiliu{L d\ rii aGii,il i.{ 6\1 ii$ rlxi qll sd ?

(ui) qo ,1t,it (40 qeuLu{l (rlU reLtq {il) dL3L

iy.'o(i qii qioll"i1La, t'iL qe{,ll'il'{lq' i'i'Lq{L'r qdi arl{} rrg slil(rl),na{ (ot) ordq(l{-r n,.1 t I , ,-{ , x r r \a { +ls i

' \ 1.[i:r I, u; Eq..a ri . -']ir ,r , ?

(,i) ou.r,ion (.,11),rprrL,t (dI) (rFl. (0) aLut

ae. ),|p,rr.l tcl\4 ih \idl Ji,ll {$Ls'{l :6 \s{''lt'{i {tt'{ d ?

(,i) r!.rLr,u.u (ull) rLn+s-d,{a ({)geL'rt{ta (Jl){it

e,e. -RQiui rLqtl $i ,r..u4r liit\ D{ d ?

("1) r il Gtl) ti lLqr,r e.

( {l) ''rlq 't

Page 11: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

lmkil .rc.u (Agar?il lcdi )

ac. 11R{€.11 {d{lah{i qA 6\? rqlq{ 44 riq{ nue d.({,[,r"iioe (,,{D hp.uHr ({D s{kqLdl(lt

!o. drqdlqa \i !( (ri h!\qr qli 0 ?

(.U 11, p (41) qunrc rtf) .Il, l{ Li{r

.rdlfdl

(r) rtl (r) d (i)Jt (v) dt (n),11 k) i1 (e) {(.) "0 (a) itL ho)* (rr)ql (tr) 4l (rs){ Gy).[(r,r)d (rr)41 hs),i ftz)"11 (1c)u (ro) ( (rr) ,,f{1).i, (rr)d (rr)! (r0{ re).{ (rorir (,")4(r,) .i (oo) Jl (rr) n (Br) 4 (:;)* (sx) { (s,{) dit'rr) Jl 1r€) q (.:r) d (r.r jt (ro),1

E

6.

Page 12: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

CI'SC qaa

(a) lihicttt

"rll{ njr.ll "lvrd ai r.rrLr-r.{l {l \,11 0{1dq{.{l,{st }L{.1{ r{Lr1{i aliilril +dlrl{ 0." I

r. {o{irL ,

i.:i ,,ti .1fii€{I {r{ rlr {i (r,anrq d ii ,{hr iJyitd *nql.lll x4,1 r""ll.r-{l qltut{l

tdlrh d . ,,II {l.,r,rtL,l i4 4L tLr !h4,04 ,tldA FQa.rd-r Ai i!"riL,1 trr€{r.r-[t o!1di, {.1d1

alq ( 1{ll,L.rLq D.

,. ,flrir'l .rqq,

rtGlu-{l iq {L{.{ 11{{ lqir wL {aoie rrq{ r} . r'{(1 ahr{L 'li 'll{ri llt{ d.{. 1zo.r ,iI

ry.eo ,L!u,i'r ddi. ,{q1 r.{ ti{ilqi 'ft{.i @q.1 !.r.1$,4 6.i1. 1rr€ {l 1,{ye h[Ad ,{l.rL"r'iL i.

G- !Eo4.l:r1R,1-ll *,,t9tlrir,ri .iRdd rqr{ cllqdl !u 1tlql,lil.lL e.r.1 tidiql ,d,{ {tlu x.lLcrti

41dl ni d, 1lqn, dR€lir fii $4 .u{.11 ldtils-ll lrl lri qsdt.lt 1l'1j lt.r !Lt!r-{l drldtl] 1i!0rrL1.l d . ii.1i (J.1 iqLl.l rql {rr, I g1 oiry {ril ,r,li ddi. (Lr.r ! r .., tl,i,{,i y A Aq.LL

,,r"LI 9dl ,[r.i'11 a{i'a.tur dar uBLor,l G{t hr.l&cri }Lru1t..L{l ,tdl. ii '[L?ii {.{?qq(,1L

r.qrii .:q[, r,n FL"ia<di .lui.] {{l {"i { u>},{"iL.rrd, \i( !,{, xqdqi .flli '&il'{rdl!r,il rui r[ 3rirrd4t izLllt.i '{l{ [trd][ o'iJI \'r,{i h,{1 ii {r .td. 4r ,{tji c1i (1iuiL ti {,1 taLdrdl

1%ir,1\i zl*r,ii ru,{L:L q{1. dur{ a.i:r 2,,-[i(Lr,l,{i si.Lri 1.{q d. ,]t{j zq.itt jdt ,ll!nri ,{lli ii G\-1r,1 ,ri {.ir d,{!L si. [\diuLiEr{ 4{qrd ,,{ d. .rL1i, i-1i rzdr 'rat.1L \r'L(t

6<.1 1%.1 t&rx A{t ,l ,,hcrt \B! ,11r{ d .

,. {hij !r.a{"r-r :

.ll{.{I lRdr \r,r ,JriLL lli 1pdrEr.1.ll Y .L[J \qr {$r,r[a\ [Ua( ]t{.tj {[i ui .{tiliL

A . iri r.{o i?qi qzh Oq{d 'ilttu .1idr.lr s.roLri'li [i d i4r9rd{ '"t{lldr qtElif trti io:1:i 'rdq(.1l-j trlpj' i rre[{ r&,{.

,ihl.{i ru qE'Lli izqia ltldrqRxL{l d .} ,{ui{ sr.l.r tqi 'llfuil {r,l d ar q!.'t,ri

'yrL-llu{ qL.[ I rjd.i qLiL'

'{xr{lti.r ,r,-i, 'll![i li( ,luj.'!;dl iiri i -

it cL'r{ -ret, ai ii"{l!i )1]'rt qtit"or\l tr\o{i{ {i.'

r,1%qrlu{A,0Ydl{r}d}'Ei dl Frlql .il\lta Q{{ .1 ,lfJ.'

>ti rLr1l 1"h q0i lrad .1lrii irtuS ,{,it d, 4l i qdl ,i-clsc \il?tr - 2 106l

Page 13: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

l0 rrry?d rrG.?r ( ddcreil !r"d))

'.Io '{, .iL.t {, .ti( { l,nqL{q R' Ltt 6iLe lit i,'

4 nrqt'lGtlt eiq'{!t g ? !lt1, utclqRxle* qt1\i '0{4 nLR'{ad Fl1q{:isl, orGr{lr t)-%.f...4utr.q,r 4q \3[H'r .r{]i91ci'!'(.\r\dn.r J.

l!,:(tq, [q\.r, \L'] |

{ r41.1i qrl{ {.4r.{I 6t 141.1r, .tqE{l(ll iti rt{dlqt i ultt,0 rtt{ d. 'tlqqi tll'li

,r.(tU {O qa{r {1,.\d qxr. ,l rJ'€ nd "rrr\ Lq1,

ii.ll qt "r{

\i ?qr,{ d . ,1i ntqq.{l i0 ,,ri {o[d.r,{ .rir4i-[ {1{I i.it qdl .iF{li \ct ili '{ii{i {e,r{ J{1

.e q" t\.4'Ai dr{ (trl, ai dril.rL,{dl,

iLt{lt "11Lqqr

.iS "d(j .llqll'

r I +q"ba ,,. -' ,r {" \;l\ 11. iln lta.{l'[ d,{Jr.,{lii-rirur{,{LNi,11tl1]rc{.ii,.Leldidi{i'hldlt:lFl(rrt\s'i.'rtt'L€l'{i

,lilit i{r.1 rh,r { c.{,1 d&:i ed.1 ,rt'{ d. tt.{ ql '{t1qi ntlt {tdl ,tti t}. ';t '{iA 7 Ad lll'1.1\

,,:r{l a{.lrdi- l4irrcr 1{ 6ri il . ,u \.:t,{i i-{ hru'ri \,i 6lFi.tldr:t 6nq i:1ll'l'-:t '{l , ii.1i

ir,LaL.u.l,illi 3 tq{i aii ir-i.iL r.idl d A tlad\ tE.{ ia'llr,{ {ct, ;ti,1.1 ,i'iilqt [,il it-1i? 'llit a{,'

,,1z i a;i A4', a-{16+er r} ui i'.i&L &rq FtA D,l

'1't1L'

rri i{i % ,i r} -

'"rA €{'1 LA 4{, d{ tdl'1 lF1i _r 1L{,'

.Lr,i, A'ii qrl{i sQrq'rr,1 de z, A.{I qk4dt qi sa \.1Y 6dadt{l a{r.1 q'ri d

nrL 6\iid .]iri..r el&ra1L.1.{l {doi{l u{{l11,{ct .riq.{I,{ 0, t{l } -'eR g,r ori n rli oth,'

, nit'r..1 ,ri (t",i j"t1l,1; rsr.{ }\ !{t!i ?'

4qqt

'.l'tz el .tri rL0'] \dL

' '{i,rLgi {u{1 @'

11\'l 1i, lqa 1]] A Ei.,{Lri d{d .u'i i lq,l ui dl 4{,'

ru'rp- rier.l{1'iL e.1:1i .tfil riis.rLi 41d rli{l i(,{ d.

Page 14: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

GPSC qr'lar

,R,{ d{B ,{Lriri xr ui,i q'r, trnln 0 qi r-r"ritdl ({t\ti Aq{ {irl {i'{{ii i.Li c\1'{

Oti15[d1{tqi d {{di \aH dai{ rlrrl -!{1, i hl1.iot {oLRi'd qidt.li \titli 49,{L'{ 1G

d ui tut 'rq .Ql{s i r,rLr,r.i ,{tPti.lt {.Ltt tql liiL. 4t ,{Llt{ rdlt{€Y (t11it

'ai'l rLL'{'lH

"AqL {4 d. i'ri \a't1li .1rtocr 6 , }rN,tt (t,tc[lll lEq{di E 4i o1&1.{l (,.Ja ri{., it ull t! - d,1[

,/ rh 3{l {'1ter4 {l{rll r[Idri '&La(tlr, {1.'r, }ic( {€il {{1.{t{tl 3A.il d{Ij 1i1'1'1d

3. i:i{r(tq t.l{l 'lhi4 !A i R?€t,1di rJ d, '3( ortR.{ alNc4 {Il aLl ;:t{ 0. '{liriqalt u,{rr{ (r-rr'r\i t( a{}l-ri \,1u i2dl t,[ d, izql n[iLe.{ ,{eili \$ 9{ .1ct, '{hi'liizqi! \L'A ouGi, %.rdr ,6pr {'{li a(q{l

"udl rtldi d .Li ,idli ,.{t}ro{lqi {t\,nii.{i.l 11dt

4r{ d.,

Egqail uetlrriL ,{tridu6-{l ,6lqlllir rlttdl d ?

("i) "ft,ri (d{L) no{iil{i (r1])'t'iL

i. ,{L{{ qh:i fl { dli I

(11){,.{r.ir

("i) d.n. tto.+rvoc

(,,) ldLc t4l) 1tol (tlL) 13Lc

(.{r) "

,.1

(jd Rr,rLP-,,r Gtl) nit'm% (r[) lt'rir {,1 (l) t{r*,.,..,r,-rrc.,:J4

(i)rer.tll.ll ("ll)!q[D-e (dl)"l{".tt.-Ldl (l)rLt'{.|'{tnl:.rY+n'Lt

y. iiniu-ll {ir ,lhi{ q,ri \Li i,1t xa,"{ d ?

(u1) tELel! (ot) ru.,r{F.,LL+r (r1l) qqr,{.r.'* (il) z.rGia.,lr

\. lltiri \si u/iEL.ll, l"/1tdl {i dl9 J{ qt{,li }tclti {il d ?

(r1l 11Fr'[ (,.{1) .r l (di)oi.Lri.'1l (11) qt

r . .11{.0 ol[}n\'r i.r-'r 1qul riol.rL{ d ?

(;L)izi<r (tl ircrsicttofil (d ,i{!L€. tiiri tu,{ rq.ilq'{,{ l,{l d ?

(ri){,rdleL (,1U"Lt,rn{leL (tll)arnldn{lar (l1)artirdkL

r. '{l{qrd.i y*l!d {1.1\i iLi,,r.Llu.r ru,L.[,ri ztli sri ?

G0)[tl 1"1i1,..(r{l) d.n. trt,{-ryuo (0 d.n. rx,.o rrc'{.

c. irLs rt +rL hqo*.r rLsis.fl ,{liio{6 \idt €dl ?

(d) rq aLr.to GtD r,:Lr.inr (dt) rt L (:e,rhrs (0) {q &eLs,

,o .. i,r,rn \%!- i)rar e:r .$ ars-i 4,x ril ?

(0) , drr

Page 15: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

12 rr./?r.il ?rLt€.r lig.ren u".,i )

il. .icr tiiirlr., tjlrll lltii{3{ A.{l qL.l[qq{ sdl ?

(d)(rt{Gr,r (.lt) hr iq (r1l) orimL'r ($) i{Qt{E{u

11. r'L{ r5ri,{l{ {i,{cr{l FtRq...1iq i .t{l t4 'tdi

1

(ri) mrrL (ull) h,rr (r{l)u't,t (Jl)'r't"g

1... {ti{ IZ{1i o{o1l.il olG1,,li {tgriih .t.1dl r ddl. [?,{1j {ti rLL'{-t.

(, {,nL Rr,{&c{ . (.11) { ,{ht,r ({) (:r{nl€ (ll) nrls."Lz

1". ,llil. \\. j.ll,i\ue,R.r-r ri,.l+,},(ui)ru'r,,1 (A)"LA (dl)omq ({) .QtiLc,{JdL

1,{. tlini {Arir *ad \.i itt o{,rxl ri rol d Irj,) ti).:l. .,'d" I (.1) 1,. '*ur .1"61 P

(r{t) qr, %lqr.{l {i tenL,ll

18.,1hij ih{..I,1i "3.1r.11 !,{i clJI sdl ?

(ri)ij,nli (.,1) {qLr.ri ({l) rL.,Lqr,ri (ll) .irLu.Li

1s. .{tli{l Cml{ 1,{i ql{ ,:,il ?

(i) ji rLr rLrli (ull) ltL.r-r aRa Q{D q.Lr.j ,tR:t (Jl) n{l '!tt'r-1. t ,.: .' I I'q, .11

(tL) l:i:,,1,r1,{lt (q1) intn4-rql411r/.r,11(rt) t{l ,{ta{ {ldi I ffl T A,1 t1z olr,{t ({) [1] qlat r-t?rLL'tl t T{l qF;i\ till on'lt

1c . ,{lr"i.1i ',iih€i qrq 'r\Lil

l' , 'r1,r .tr,{-[ i t ,:1' *qi qd i \rL1 'r!rL"i.(o1):,rLe: (.,1I)gaq.r.rRaL,,* (dl)'ua,rRtL*r ($)qql'rL'g

10. .lltij '6ir(1\r.iL({L tqq.lt R olit uii(l.tl !i }g d ?

(1i)lLer.rtlnr* (t{I)o.r.r,.rRzL,t (rll)rqLeu ({l)6'LtrLtar

11.'.isru.1iBi-4tg{1Jttd"!!tli't%,i.lt{i\tl'i'li'{tl{rrt'llt-iho{qi'{i-1E{td?(rt) qlaLit (,,11) rlllur't (rt) qL,rhlL{ (1) ,ii'trl

ir.',{:i,1t:i,-1.{re,".i{rlL:in1iii.(Lt(1'lqitni.ri,{t-tli3il1rR.\..1Et{d1(i)ortiRu (tll)r!.LLir1r ({)53,?u{ (0).n-tailr

ti-'tBL{lq.LtaLLi[l,"td]ri,d.lcr4,"d'!rirLt.1{c1{.{8lql,"oidlqt4Lalai'{iil{'iql{)r1.; r, qq-ru l(i) oRo,{(a" (rde ar'i€ (u{l) \hri.L.t dertJ(t{1) ulll\('i'i,1qnp (il) i'ti '{'1qt'1i

6.!6t,

lY {hi.ii w.],{i 1'lt }edl lra d ?

(uU 'n{l (dtt) rudl ({t) slr \t,1i (0) it'j"

Page 16: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

Cl'sc,rilart

r\. {lti.ri '{tlt i-u tldi iili Qii\ rLi & ?

(;L) l,i{l"L iiqi,r (41) hrlcrq iio{i.r ({) rLtFLei rLY,{r (ll) i<'rict-Rtrd"r

1(. .0r|{i \€1{ t he.d,r,{€L-tr eI,{ qr,{ d 1 1B ?

(ri) q,rl 'LrlI (..1D ,rL,r d.

?o. .{lri{l tadt ii t .{a { 1i e!(t ,i4 n'r''{l 'iL'Il}i{L iql orLql qrt T qL d ?

(,j) tqFLC1.r.1t (o{1) {o:this-tt h0) \tiiI'i+ (ll) a'qc{ri

ir.,{1{{!\Li{ ar,{.{ 6.5zcttd tai 13r iilsrl },[ {e'ldqt{ t} ?

(.i) FL,rt (,.i0 6.ll$eu ({D ck('{{er (0) u"1'[

ic.'.d di qa t tq,a ui A qS"qt"ll rzL{l i1.{1'')qi'{lri'ri 4 \rl ir'{i 4i{ xtu( & ?

(r1)o{r,r (d1) rrrr.rLr (til) E4i (lD cl"dlll

3c. ,{lii'1r t3 rr,l1€dL?

(i) rlttla eL (,t) leLn (dl) 1e*0urL (Ji) rrnir{.

.1. t{{r r{qqi 35 nq $,1.{Gii ,iE ,ll{qtt 4i l< q{ '{ dd ?

(ri)aR:t (4i)slrat {dl) ,LqLqL (Jl){tL.L'i

3r .11,.i {ld {,iqr{.i Q{qi, ie.{l ,{li d ?

(.'L) re (,11) 1q (*t) ,-o - (tt) ze

!:.,{lii'i,iLrqr{ cr{341 €l.rt?fl a.{llzcltt rRdl Jf or'll{i q,l, ?

(.rL)rLu (o{l) urr"rL.li (ill) ,l.ndt (ll) C{

.Y. ,llrl.ll3hdL.ri U.,{ h\q {iL d ?

(,i) irp.Lql,{ (,[) rL{{i t ({I) hrQlfa (Jl) ',i1";':tc{loL

3\. .l1ri i.li \,t G l|i 4tt !i,:t {i ,{'Ltt.ll {ti d I

(nl)1€rlr!-tp,P.lr'1'6{tiqe (u{l)ur*Ltt-"JtrL,r-6l1 crLr.t

(0 1'nra,rutL9-4ort"'L

ll

(rll) ,r,tLrt9-,1,1 ort{,r,,i,ua

3(. 'llii '1l1 "f"/1t t itmEr.r.ll er.ild, \,lt !,tt tl\"tr d{4Iq\ isLl'i {l 4q!tl +llrh d I

r.i r -r*J J ,r:.4 i.,i I rrr ' -{-{l .l I ti}, \'a{''ulc'i

(1) ill (r).11 (3) d (v)'t ('r){l (<)'{l (e)"[

Q) "1 (c)0 (ro) fl (11){l (1r)'t (te) oi (tY) {(t,{) i0 (r<),1 (1e) ofl (1r) 0 (rc) dI (ro) o1 (rt) lL

r (ii),i (rs) rt (rv) a (r'd I (rr) 'l (re) utl (rz) {l{rc) 0 (so)o[ (et) 0 (.:r) +[ (ss).tr (.:x) 0 (e"{) 4Il'( .J

Page 17: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

l:l ,y?r.il tEdr (aq.rlil nadl )

( I ) n{t(rut

,x .r.[ r.n^r\r i[,c ".rl i ]1.\l1 ,n -{ -r,. ,-i. r 11 u..,1dql{a,

.lqa.ll'l:lsltdl Gc{{.ia1,n {r.ir.li ,rid ou('rL rr{,{,ril r-rj rr,rd.r,i rh D i Lt a,t,lQi .{dot }Lqild. ]ac ! Ai q€ir ud!\i dh lzo$ ii;l tir"l,r u,1r'1i + d.,'L.ne.Li liii l:41,r Li4 , - r rr ri\i, rd 'a a, " ar;,. - Ji cr . I1r.i' L.' : ; -|.l|, i,.".+1r,l{). ![?i llqr {6. r] \{.1{\i{[td o13n 1i6n1.tq{ r,L a1l11 u1<r udr. A,]-r 6(i.1,1,{iti"uu {lqt-f[ <fuqtrst \ueL{ d. d'lr @q{ hi i (zr (2, \r[d,1] .{,,11 lrjl d i ,nlardl tlir,l{{.atldr+ndt,

((.1,:1.11 thahi A {LA nqllao$r,1i qJ4 {fl,{. ri'li ,}l iI r,1,{-{l {ld ai 6{11, ii 6{rdr'[t{ld r1r{.[ tDi ,t!r halLrni rlt {td}iLi qi,{i ,ipi{ \&ra, {lq4.,1, 4i 6ni lrrt .i\ 1!rt{qtoil,{LlL{5r,{.,I.l4a{iRrirri,%+l,u!,{r.i,,ttdqrntu.n,r,,'llqr.uu,i,'ttLtlELrd'1.l ird1:t'",l-[ ili{{i 'tBra,iti,' 'L{l1+]ilr' tl.l 'lrr oLr( 1Rd'i q,nr.{l 1r r,1. 6d,r.rL.1l ali;(\$aLih,ir.la,:1ha{or,ii,ri,1t{!r,1)).{i'[ir,r"{l({liqu.,''nilln{urr.1,'M1l(1''c4dltr-rtl.,ir-L'i xr{r',{, '?tl 4rr4r.1,' 'lqrunl, 'ril fEqru' ,tq.L ,rr{1 :[ir"ir .,r.i 1.16,p,',-r!u,,1t.1, ,!.lr\+j!r,, h-r\.1r(|,{n,i,, .1ta6r{l i cfl ,aLr-it .i[liir itludl rln,{ "rL:tilru-iJtttlR ilLDArtl ..lrqqin rt,rL.r:L_r, .,r1rLu: .L.i ,rr-;1,. crLe.,h ri,t x,jt h.lFr ,{li :r,l,{

,Lr!,1rrsrr. ol|.rLjt li 4ru1t-iLi rLq{-1 !i ii.{ {ru,1l-irR d{I}.11 Rk__iil lt. 1,1lzrrlaliJ ti \Q,rq qtq d. A4 qi(Li.nFiJ

"u.,{Lt'lr.{", {r{i,r,li trLi.{l$ru l,ltl,i]r hrLiliLLd c,it, 'rq {r,I ufu 4r'u1r-r'1t +1?q Rt,{J q,r{ ,ui .u.l!ri ,{i d. iiri 4r,,{14j,{!u.{,ij +riq ri,!,!{ {i tl3|q il, rjcr:i +,{\. luJn .{i, {rior-}iA {Ct{i, ,i,t.rL,lrq

"Li'rl,tlllritd a{ 4tt{r.r{ s riL r{,1.1 riiqL qi d. t r.r.,-u.r,rt a ,rtlr ra.l 6\1 .1'li r{l.i dj aLti,iL.uttr-

qte.et luL 3i1l,1i qg StnLi ,1li 141. o{q!r ruu,n"t 11 1.r{ 91 d ii juai XlrcLJrc0.r ,.{,iti

iiriq ]i.i dr{ yrrqL{ 0. ,{r .}"{ ii.t rh,qr }.r 0 iq iireLr.i.tl '.0er.rctl

ii ui 4S trli {,[ i,r,r[a ,.1$ 6. 4q, ,aL,,rt.r!R qLed ,1, d1J [iB diilq ,{t d.qX((., (l11q$ 4i 'ri€6{{l' I

trun{r.14i6qtidolr(1qr,t1qEt,ttrd.'n\:1l,0,''<otLt"rL.t,''Jll;q{,''iu1+ilt,ia{Lltt iu )ial d . tfii 'rtaqll'.i ih ri.il 'rtqi( Ai x\d att.lLLJ ,r{11 4,{c[ ?{.lsi .l3--r ri E. qqL

lh{lai ai l,{it.li uru,{r.i].l[ \pr rL\.18. h{ o]r11dl-qr\r.11 6nq, sqkr, ,.ri t{{ar.- r;i.{l'4i!i{' ,r.{ 6 {R iJ%?Ldl {roctli ,iii S€t {Xqr!. d. qtcrolE.ll r{?.(td 1li! orarlll,

idq{.i ,.r4'1i ,ilial 4 rrlqE "ti a {.1 ..t"i E. iri tA1.rqdi ha d{€ U.L ji 0, ".LLq di

URir.ll ,tdq{ yokt u rL[i]c{{i 6l:i ru.r q{i d, ii orqlr"rj i6,{,n au,{rri ,raL.,15 rRFrur6td{ di,r ,i A .J%1rdltri .l r} ai }l[t8;ior (]drqltr u.1 ![q eraL,]i d rLi rikd rLiqtli au\rqtri.{Ii a1.11xt,lR'riq {tR.lI Qterst,r.lL d. t{ 4idr{1rl rdLi }qrdl d rri r.Lilr,llLli.rcru.j

"iR.{ .t!Lr-{ d.,'

Page 18: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

cPsC qilar

4t lLarr{l 1.1,u '{t|eq ;i-{.t i( {.1 % Can ,ler. 61t,1.{l ,lt,.ill, ii+i{1 )rq.ii .14rd.{l O . nti

6LrLlrll otl{l 4drLi {iF d4r doLrcr trd odl. ti}:d r %cr{l rri sdi Jra0Lil.ll :qri llqL,Lr

6{!{R .Lol ii4,1.l1 4xhi .{1E 4 lliu rrli ,{r!ft {rdr -110. {i A{ 'trq{i5' 'r{.1 {iqq.u{Z c{raqL '5raqll"rlr,u \!r{cr!, ,l d. {i+id lra.1Il.i u'r \fut lrr ttL di {.€rL, "{:l.u? 1,11,

\cr ,l.i altrL,i liA o{r.1,1 ri d Ar i i'tiqj ,ri ttlol q{i6i arlqLL D. ,i\i qiqL?r iA d :

'u.l6\\l :€1 tQ x1'1

gaad {q ,,i1" fi 11U",

{ \r. irN n)

1\ oi ,r-f r.1. 1{1.

uL'{, t{qd !Laq11{4 atterLi .qi uig leill {tE d, q'$ .{u litll ,{t d, q$ }r5tri :,.{l d rrii {A qi"dUL d1,r|a.{l J.}rirdt all\i,ri iqr <&Ael+rq{Jl lulqrr iq1 r}. qLgr+€-il q{llQiLr,rL4l'i ?qre qqrsdl o{Lqqr.[ .{ lfa i.0 ,{q l4ic lir.il {tl \81{ ql,l d , ui A{ '/ ,^11

h%,{1rq ilr tcri ,Ja \:! d I .{K!r{l 4aq{1 izdl oNrtd d izell .d olr(,lt 1 wr i . ri\i.1itlqLzqt nri ,i\ ujqt{ ,rql,i, rtx O(Lr,{{.{l lri\rl dqr irR, 5r46d.1.{l tEl,J.iErt{ i,ri:id qrl-r nu atq{qi 2l-r ntlq 6. q.,11, rq3re{i", {mrdl rRdL {r1\+j v i[.1 rridl iudl,

),r.1i wr e.r-L-[ k<-lrx oii{t q{,rL,li \jEi udi, ii.i g{.Lr \{l \iii1 'rie.1{l' at'{tjlq hrttal]zGa-r ,{,r nLrlcr4 :h a{l :,4 d ii.] arrri 1.drit o1ryr.i ld h41 Erri ud'r i \,1 ?LL1q 4r1

d . nLr\, or.tr,lLL, aueqr{l qltl ur,ll Rir,1,11rii.ii ,{ll1,{ lii.{dl ur glit {u{44.r 17ir,1l x }r,{.{lnri .1(1q(.0 nrE {hr ?8 !t.{l ii }.

q- 6q{or1 :

Jlr{dl i{,rJr{l.l xrDc{{ {l[iid \,.41 ir,-,r.n{r2L \.llR, d{lj ou(ur.j {1 .16 rl!r,{.ott(er{ lel,i A4 6(r.1q{i r,r{ D. iii ,{s\.{i \E rLloc1 'aur+iq !{.1 ')-r\.rt(L,1[i1',1i 140. oueqr{i \.i.li 1q,{, (|tRi.,r lri {,t1 1 dfl.ll Riq[ ci r], qoll, i{ qrqll qi o.u.L{l rLl,(,ltqq d, ,.itei \ac[d dlll t!,.rr, a(Lae{1 ri rui ,{€]Lj uu-i,{r1 (s:!!L d, o{q-{i ,L€adri 3r1,lt ni q!'t

. qr.{1.1r 6s,{i t&i +,r{l uq d. r:I.1l \s'r{ {: "d o{q4 'diq,{l qlqd{R 6nt }|lri qd d.trrL.i, .lre,lL.{l 4l {ihi{ iqr,li ,a",1lr!R ({l}-0, w,!rl dL}-lI \i rrtr,uz5 ,r{l.lt ri.uriti

uslfrti1- a&1!r-{l lLll Rr\dr J{r irri uc{sl

(,ii)drrr (..{l)guir{

Bg*ailru{d?

({i)

3_

ol|(rqL .lrlrdl uu{!r{rc0.ri g ,trLq & ?

({):GL . (u{l) N,rL

i{ra!!ri ,rd.l !i €d ?

("l){L,r.lLr (ot),rrllr

(di) rnt

(rt1) qee

(lD uiatt

({l) ,iR,r

(0) ruir

Page 19: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

l6 ,J"r?rnl llrfE.{ I a(lL{4il u"dl)

,. r,nq,r.{ qd rd (t\r1i "i{ 4.1D ?

(t0 irq{q G0 trclLll ({)4'( (0),,r{'rprt

.. .{j1, 11. :l:l 1.\ l1 cli ?

("i) h":trLr {"11) ftrrpr (l1ll)zur.d{1L,{ (Jl)1q41r'1

!. 'trL{+iq' rdl,i{ d ?

(,i) qLeql (.{D "1.r1 (rlD 4lraiu {!.)'r'1,,"r

e orLelrL ,{Lzqr-ir }qi .,-,iL ?

(oi),rpLrldL qL (olD ,,iiBq qreur ({l),ia eLLe,} ({l)qtlLr

r. .{tq,rtt oltt '1t1 { urj ?

(i) \rt1l,r (olu lttti€ ({I)r{L!rar (0) U'ir.r'tc. ou.+L{l ,R ,1{8.{l hir\ iqt rll d ?

(r'r) ,rqqrdL11-6it{ ili (''{l) 'ren'ir

orl'rL*

(r{l)rLj.rLrt-otL'orL-gLl (0),{'"rqLdlrttuL.,rt{:u

10. o{q,rlL ii+{d{ q[no€4 ,rt th.i l{utl.lLt rit-]t d ?

(oi) (r'1i 1L\{id (ol) iiEt{ h0) rLg"rcr ({t) 'iq,r1r jj.LLut, .{u,{r\,rh.r1 q;cri rL,itoi ,{.rLi aLi 1l+r,{ ri:L d I

(n) tirq (..11).r,rL{.r (dt) o{r(,jr (.I)i$L-iz

,li'Lrr{+rtL',,ri'1.14t4qlld'{i lt\lri iqt {l,d'Jlal r&L'i 11ili "tf 'l 1

(,i) {,idl(ll (4U 6lt,4dl (r{l) i'r4ltL (0)tdJ[jr,13. 'u.Lhqru' '*r.1t(1.{8d' ni 0{aai irL $B?,q{ 1R1't ltliiil{ iti 4lqli Gi\q !{ d.

(ni) ,Iu,r,1L,n{c1 (o{l) slttqru,{L.t"r,i (i{l) ,{ll,I \uroud (0) .{lr0r-rLtrRa'rLtn

ly-'tr{4r.1,18d'{ 5{i {ti}.{l 341 lur1dii?d qil udtl14 d ?

\r / , r('-,u, ,u (.41 rlti tq iqr 1o l'n) r'\R".l_!. (01 +1or r. _. r

1( 1r aL{.,\i 'riJldlrel(i) sQ.i$.{ .rotqt ri (ull) .l,uo{tt,f .idt\tu'1tii

(i{l) i{rir.{ .1ar',lr-ri.

1(. \)L1(4 *ar I * '- "1riri?\t.) )r r - .r.-. (.,[l qdl," r+"(r[) ,]trLllsrct,{;i r{i (0 ror'uq4 .LLdrctt,i

c e r. t.tiri u,Lr.r! 'ql.1 ir { {i hl\ e u ?

(o1) $,rr 4d r:$ (41) uqg,t ',ti uLu(rfl) '{h "ri 6t101*r ' ({l) 4':i ai. tld

q. q r r.0 ll fl qs ,':,r.0 th ({ 01(,1 rL,rqLe,1h,1 (4l).tar.{!-t (i0) siiq{l (ll) uhqL€

Page 20: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

CPSC qfl4 17

rc. ort(q e{ trkj rid 4${tr].li ii{i qqll 'utslL4

ti?\st 3{ D

(,i) {"LLi (,ti) r3'a {{) qLn<'r

10. otr(tBl'{l Gllqr rittd.ll iei.qto0 \$ }{l & ?

(rr) hdqril t"{) &L (tiD g'"Iq

, r. nrtcr,ll riq+ a'rqt qrl ulg*t'i 0i u'al?. 5q1 d ] rE ?

()1) e. ("0 't t.

(0 or

("n'rin:

(r)d1(r) {(r,{) "[

(r)Q(a) r{'(te) 0

6) dr(1o) otl

(r,r)d

(.0 tr(11)

"{t(rc) rll

(e) o{l

(1Y)d(rr) i

9r(llc

(Y) i0(rr)r{l(rr),{t

(t:) .i(ro) .l

erSC uila .I (06)

Page 21: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

l8 ( tgqeil !".r) )

(r) ?rtu

1 tr.'l. Jrr+r A4ldlrrdre. Iy{1tr{r,

llqrtc0i ltlldl qGc{\i .tlQr,r, ,ll?i, i. i€, 1u101, iLi rqrltn ri y.l r rrrrd1.1r

,llJiLqi lt,,ir ],l.irt tqr.r qri d. 1t6,r, {lii ai{.ri qrlqi il Aq {\Q }1l\1 ,i d_ i.11.1.tlrla{I uru,1s 11.r,q *4i .; 6. uqq d.ll rq.udul,{i ILAI ti i}. 64L1t\ l\e{qll qGA.{lrt'l."irri'. t[dr\sr";. ro{l:l.u-uri-r,,.-iri,.uq',iit4qli1{l?I\,,...q",1dla ti$.l r,?- r{l irq1.0.

t tqr-rr \ic[rl]ql :

rr-u,r,{l !RdL'1i 4.LL.1r X?irt'lll1h,ri {{is ,xq'rqrlrRt .1l\ r{i {ilcr '{dl xll 4 \i r,ir.tLid..lLrr.ri orlRri A{% .1.ri \Li tl{.1rl rind q{l'r'i {r (rcall,{Ln q-11 1J d. i \trl'o{r.(rEo{ldf .i r4qL{qlt tlti rLM .lldL.ir \i.it ..}.rrrd utrltz, qlrLl irr{qrr1qrn !]1r.r.{rll-ri,rrLdr.i r{Q 0 . iuhnl 4L{r.i {i{l qg .ter.ri yi.['{l d. A!] ddl ,{Ho(ldt.ll axl ol\r 0\rxl4ir,{ q,lt!l.{i d{ .lliit i. )ir \rr1nLt.ldr rir\rqEti 4114 ,rir,{Lqdldt ,Li gD,{r-t.L?.iittlii l11r li?.I{ tlr €,i {,lti|ll q,rl d :

';- !.,. . 1,. n: 1.".,t,rrstti 4ql ltqll, tGir i rtL1L,n ,i{,'

nr{ odi ,Lqi A,iL r(r 6L'{ lilJt.t{r Ar./ rilii, .ir"A, dl(x i.u rlJr[{lrir ridi m.1r,],1t5{t \i r{,iis ,.ai d.

rt{r.ri ./q 6.{. tq\r \e.{l qrx\rx .;'d(Xr{ nir \tPr{.{i4 g<ui{i trqlr u.ir. rr.{r.1roltotlLni., i.{I,Lk{llii r{{l udl. ej (,lii '{,:r 1{1.1{"r 5{ a.Lr{t lui cd. (lrral]t tri6 q{.uqql c{ri !L.t{ NdL Sa.{ rr{ qqL{ 4\4qr!,,ri r,rLqt .rt { udL, rn qL€{ L{{:{rd ltlad Zrtd\ilt{i d@ ')-1\r' lillL' {.r.11 ziqr {%-. d .qidr.ll tlr4drt i z,rirllt oLE{ri e{qdl ,iuurr:l6{1l \eL qal c,i i{ !i rL{ d.

l{!lr:I iitur {a €l\iqL :i1Ll,{ rri \rrl i.!1 5icll nLr}de{ iir.{r[ Uuqt{ rtetti la{ti€rnAq{rtrqe{qllz.{U.{Ldidra{nlladd.,i!"dqdlFiir"q{.!ia{i(1)h,6r;-il,1i q ,ur{l qc{lri{i q:Br r {{ouorL{ E{qi r1, wil )ir !t {ur'tr.t r4L!ud, (i) qilo{tat-ll

';.t\i,r!,-r.r,!t3Q\hi Ld.rrittqnr6,1tl.l'Lco,nr1r{l{;,{Lq.\dllll\,i r l.;qJ,{Ld i Srtiqt 111{.{1,,{qt{l ri{ Fr({i d{r,{t oLdc{] Fr-.rdr, (!) 2r{r01{ 6dl di ttu5L{ltrl(,ri oilr R.lt.ii d{ 6\1 tJr{qi,{Eat wzi 6ldr llLiiq {i (y) !rn({,i ril d4r. .r,l,rt!iL

t uglir(d.ir lt. r,n ?ui{i.ll ,rd i: q'rqt ut .ui €ai. ur {li { R{l .ietA(,ll F/$1{ rli X3!r,{rii iirj.l ./d odrqd ri(or.{qo.l rJl !{ dl{ ri.u cqqLl sq.r{ lrLt qd'ri {[! {i r A uirL{!Lr.i-li l{t{ Jqz {irl ii€idli4 rrdq'l

,:

1,

I

Page 22: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

GPSC 'riler l9

rr..LLi rr-i}[Q 1{61 iB ,ri lro$di- 4e{ €iI, .;ri ,rarxd-r lqlq i, jl{ t{r.1.1i

'{i.{ldr,' 'ulolqQ(,' tqelitldl q,'d r}. i ti i.cir ,r,{, iriru{l ti t.l rqir! !{ d. t[ [\{.1.ilR! (r,{,{ }li ivid clR.{,{tdari ,{cr ,Rri 3{rurdt{l x,{itqt &. rLrclr"ii [ir.1L1-art..1 tqlnqqtrRli urq( icuRi?,ni t eid DG eq, dtt 4i i.te{i rl"d.{qt 1D }tt'i.1t i!01 ,&qlou {{i1.'!

aurid JLd{.1I cldqi qqrl er4 o1{A 6. ,"t }rq o,[L gi ,rlt {qta€, i ,ulr wlria{ll u!i1,{,i.l'ldr' dtlt 'rrqd 0\Gr\z' d{l} da.{.lli.fl ,i"q {{ r,{l r}

€. .rJ3[iru{{{r,,1

U u). Qrq qan nid{ iEn {{si\i qA.1 ,,lL th 4\r{l ittiol.{l dA d . 1i'{ l.dt,,qr{ d, ledi {1 \it \[, riq\€Lold, 6al1, 1r,{L .loll hi{ [ltq'u r{r,i ui r.!3rrt ili trtti(1t

6nir xrulr1i nrll 6 {i ii a.{r{ ALidur.t tl & dL \[d{ 44 d.

e. nlqr.ii\61I

rrr4r. ihcr'iq \ti1q a{ \tit qr{ d. ttor qi a,{.il aQ.i t{13 iE Ahq 6.rt rdi "tt\€i{ o{clit{ri sct3r?.,lio{r\r.ri iqq Gtihrr,{r,r1.r,i tlqr .lar t}. qRnrsn.ltl rti A{lt'itRRitr,r.it {.ai irn {A a:ta

'i'i{t% ar.iE{r qiq 61,{a{ _.r,xf

]ur',r,: ,,.i.'i

ii1. illdL -r,1.1k. %,11xl L\..r "r..,_11

rL,.

'€89 ii"lt i {til ii {i irEil'

'{t% llti€ qqiii.t o.tail l.'. .rJLl,rdL u.{.{l {er0Gd4i qQir4 !14 d.

z. uNtt{l a{t:!r'.{rd eye aqr (,{l d. i.1i 1ti I€i "Firni !t ui ,tr.l!lu '1't i.idi "itqL tl"ili

air!,111\i riiei rr{rl, i\z{plL1, ior,. r\LFr, iG{L qiil \1 qdLi 3{li dlqcLr-4i ).ttnt

$r-tj iEI.r& qdr{ r}. r,u reru\i -,d, .!r'ri ,i{.{I )q, ,{qr izcu y} i r,'

1,1r0

'lutnl1r.i ql,uiLl, !1at o{lLdi q{ {ll,1,{.rqd dd q{1, U ll{i cli 1,:r-iL tr{,

I i{l dlil} qL,{i,ll jr{ c03 d, $r ili {lic,ttirt* {dt,{ di (r,{,n ieidfa 4lql d. €t. d.

{1

'tt ot.{j ,t1tl !(d q{,''UFry{ri.{r,' 'Pft[EqRicE,' "itsrcl

ri (ioLi lto{] d. ,ir rljlql lerlt, llildL. rliqtd,qltr, .nl, iel, tir16r {i. }adr qai.ll a{q {,{ iirrt{t AQ al,{1 d.

Page 23: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

2n ,J.i rdl a'G.a (Eg@il u""r))

{ 6r{d aci [ia'ri 'tidt!{qr,' 'qq\dlql i4 l[A{L qi \Li (.,{ ,}

a{ ar\cil r({Irh r}. ii ,r rr-r !i{ aaitqi dr }l!Li Od{ d. irri dolt ,LdI{ ilal iEid.j'drq'16r(djd,dha-u!er\r{Aqir(.1rie.r-liir$1.{1.{taGi{,r.i4tiie]1{{Ler,{i!,r{dl

{1611 6'11 rr,rlii ,{ 6. ,,i .ii\i ir.i {r.llrlq d{i qi.{ri .,{iAd ZqL{,1. flr.{I iR '1,(i,trrut X.rri ut itd{:t{i 0, 'FrnRillldcti' 'l3Qtu{ri1Lt,' '{{,rq,' '1,l1o1qFE'lri',,r;iilidr , rr.ri{i l2ei! !r.{i,l'r nn?dr ,{[i,{q q!,L.ll.i.

C. .r!!Llda :

{pqr{.{l {s: qLdl &qi.li rLi L{ \ei{ 4qA.1L 'q,-r"tldl ,1 ),Lqr.{I \RQL,I llLi i.'l0. ltt {Ai ',l€&!rt ,irsr..LA{l' ,jqrd d. .,tRqr q{ eq.{l !{{r, n{r.{i dlel, a1j{ gq.Xrd

4i xr.lhi (1sr{rj tqiq, n{ri r.rl r, {qr{i qqi3.{t 6a{ii, {-q.{€ qi nr-q L dit.ll 6I'i\,r(iir nLi {qi!l{ \Lurd,.{, qt\ drq{ add }ql\, rrgo{dl.{l qflrjittA.ir ,niz-ir 6Lqit A\itlld Gia{,!r.rdrdl rlt\ r] ] {dr.rL Rl, ]ldlR tLi !4o1c{ nqqi { dA{ CdRqt !t'1t lctqzr1 d.

9.1'RLq ,{D rfldirron.ll, nh,Jn Pt( {: {1s1rd{r {i 1,4 -{h.{l rt'i i.rcr, \t,{t, lt*1i,L:i !rq{ €iq.Il t{.{"d,rr rL:Jt,i{ ,i[ai.ll6\.1t{ Qq d. 4r ual.rqi ]qir, 6\qri,h ,,1i.t tiz€idi dEL orGl qLz m{ANqit \i,r.nr,lt ,iF1!ltj t\r tlli .{ jA ex,{ r. iiri ,iti.tldr

rqlL'1h J.!./ir{t i1r-u,rql lRdLi 6{or tir'{i d. ,} (rmriR 1irll ;i.{l x{xL 3'.,1i 'itt d } 'itxi

10. '410{.{0i€':,{r,ttr sL\rri cr,{rE( 'ar1or.1[.16' aql-lt {)({L, ,l,qnL.li ar(t&t3 (iltr.L,il l'(Jidl dl r,

A'i ,cacLq,{ q,I !r"LL-r izid FilA * "15Jl ,,r1 d A ./ d , t'r\i \,:L !f.l w qr,i,ii 1c1\, 4uL iti\rqri!.r{ eq-{l orqa{ilA, ii aLUrqr{ C\rt{, {4t.j {6rc{, }qq{, $d1ui t q.i ti[a\ uoil.1jil 1tt4i{ hrr!. FiX{q B.

€t. d,

* '13 llq { ik'1'(4, t11$ 610lti !t(i {?t,

lit 1t t"1l ti:i {'r EL'{, 4\! 4itl'lli \tqtdi qJqi 'at\.'

'%'.i ";L- hi ir i., dr{ {r.r...dL t. '

Ldld 1 q!, $i ,ig +rd? xhql€.1 ilLqi €rt!-laer1rd 6\.u4i 4i zri r xt.ti r{Lql {rid. trqrm ou{r r,!4.i rih, idl ri ,{[R€i Ld{ r1L,re ,{dre,t,{l rLd'1d.

t(t iu-{IrfE q.{i ni 4\.rt drc{H ,Rdr{ 6d"r t{.{1 rl . ..ui {tdlt {}< dr.t$L.r $sr&,(1l!r.r,l \idrll {A!iL\i r.( ,{l nrflrr{I ,Rdl-( &rlr.|i nj!'r qora.iL +rtir 1l,l"+i r}.

Page 24: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

2taiPSC qilar

r. 4qll {!(L\e }ci {d! & ?

(i) orLair Rctli (o{l) l,lt"{tletl

r +iL rl.l ,rL2 'aqt iL d ?

tsacra u*r'ltti

(dl) oudsR (() r5i'{qt

(ii) {{ (4l.) ou'urt'r (dD t*{r ($) "Li"[

3.'nl, iluri idl)q; {,{l tlzqrl') lq''iG.i'n {',3'1'{ t} I(d) o{ccL (41).R['Lo (dI) dlor (0) 'r"ti

y. 'alai rl}€'.t lR{ .|Lt {t\i.(jD ilL-it (4) wn (klD lLi (11)

're"ror iqtrt

! .{q,.u d.;ali l;.tL a.'} i{i ,l:r'. u3 i ?

( qGlrrL-r (t{),r'.t{lr (r.t)a'{$n (lD :'{:il

€. 'r.ir

{8.{.iL \ri h(t{ i&i a'{ d?(i) a,ri (.[)\s1 (dl)o''{L (jl)'tlal

e. ,o{"{:i { .Lqri ett, rcr.{i '? ei i Ur i'iGl 31dl !i ?

(;L)'t'il (.t) {Drt (+t) :'{q'idl ({l)}tqzLn

r. z"r,i{ l.lt 'te1q{l !t'lr{ Y ii{u \r'qfl €l,t "t{ €!i ?

(,i),r:-. ("ll)E r (dl) Ran ({l) :rat

c. .,r"LL.1I,r[irLd }lirLj {iq ri.{ t, ?

('ll a{{!tL (4) u'rrtlot (dI) fidtdt ({t) 'it'rL(L'tldL

10 'rL,i!lldf{ eq, dt1 lti dl% at'j 1q} t't544'lLqi nttd d ?

(i){,{dr ('t)'riu (r[) hrt'- ({l) .lL'lt

11.ntqLtlti11,r,1't!!\LE&ir:iiJ4L61Ie{i\i'0'tr'{ n h\{r &rt'ir'{i hl\'n 3{ d ?

(; ,rir.rLt (41)?da ({l)lqqr}a (0)ia

1i. i|ir ii(L uqL eii-{l.ilrirdr }A a--Lotl q'{tPit'lt iotii t4''tT 'Lll dlll crd $d nL'1dlt cii'ir

'liit tl 'lq d ?

(,,i)!ra (4)u.r.t (r{l)Rr'i.t

1er{ {kuni {"atdi 3llt A'n4i 5h{L q0\! d,r I

(tL) QeF- {i -usr (,11) u.ri rri 'R*i (dl) i|rL'it ari rui,,r.ri lqi :{i d ?

("10 st{l sh (t{D 6ltuh

(.lU '{irx

($ aPlL ui. lL'Ltiz

($) u,xt{rG{

(Jl) t\el-teeo.

(;0 q*uRr\. 6{rlr? idlli 4"{ri e1-151q gridl, i {tll't l{lFtd r{ d ?

(i) 1\Y\'1:3\ (oll) q'rqo ttro ({l) r'rct re'{t

Page 25: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

22

:

rr.lrkil alG.u I Ad(r,{l u& \

r<. ,iE xi.ll ulit 'iqrii ,i ou{.11N,,r rii rl\it.{ii,a4i c?{h dd'l ?

( {rpLa (..10 +(1(il (t1) *d31 (.0) "?de\l1e- Ildr, 6ri.1 4i 6l qn {i \A qiiu {.Lu{ t,lt 6lr.I qqr {D rit .lctald rltll edr ?

1<. .l,rc {l iEd {w{ {d{rl{Uc{.ri ,rt illiiri rt{l Erora ,(l {4,{ i{ d ?

(ri) crcrqqofl,u, ,i1{I4,?i, ]qq.&dr (o[) a1o1qfd6, :,{,]:Ua, 6r,11

GII) {Ll, .dhLlRicE, t\(R{1riqE (0l"i,ttdr, s.{, ,{ztr

. 1e. iFu>,i J6 {hr,ir lt<l{ i,{ d ?

({l).rt'tL

11. ?I-& .u{4 tr 0u6i. qqrd { Jrctt &0 ?

(') r,{,r ("ll)q,{'{lqi-r (d'U \,i\"1i (0) ,rl(13.{raL

1c. ul.ll 4i.r %r.rL rD ,,l\rii {dL{ it\{L (]q{i i{ "r{A(]l q,I qirio(6,{i { d,i ?

r.L) F,rm ("ll) ,irr (.{t) qfqrL{ (lU naniio. ir\l.ll ,r^{l +..{A }41 ,J,11? i

(,,i) i,{.1 (6t)qr?"J ({U nerntl (0) irGrqrlrtl. i'lrLl.rL 6q{l 4tr 6\t iu ri,Lq 4ririd Qrsll1i de4 {d oqrcr-ri r(ti\ \r{i ,l ii ?

(i) {Ld'rsi (o{U tLi,$4 (dD r,tiotr (0 ururgrrlLe i1r. 4,u{l or{l {finilri m.1 iu rir z d, uiirqlr}!

(il {!Lp.1', (otl) ,aq.r,-r, (dl) orGl+ (.()iqriri3. rilil hhrl i{ {"{l$r-1 xr\a Jil,l qq{Gs 51r.11 .r.it cii ?

(ji)eLi.Lir (4i) q,{aLa (d1) o{.r.1r . (0) {Lii{Lraiz. lrir:.4aid.1r rl{t hl(id'l rrjxtli rl.lL,i i-ll ihdr,{i rud{-qr1lc{{ r.l?\ tun.! rl I

(i)iod,r (oli) .r?,lir (dl) ar{,1,nri,rlL ({) l1qi,1i\. :,l.{lti rqL iiElti ,lq'n+liJtlt nr-r irlt €{ ?

(t:r) ,{i.rcLnls, !Lar!l, O\R\€ (,.11) nrqqr'llnr, lu,rq, .rernur,r

(,1)q{,,{ (,,{U lirs,r (dl)rtu

(r{1) rg4rL, uL1<ei, 1rt+ (.{U d.r<Ltrt]s, +r.rcq.tL{, gir*

6 )+i,rEr{r, \,{r,tl (o1l) uq.r<{lcrL, r+c<,LlaL

(ril) il[]l,{, qq,{dlqt (l)irc.+.ttu, ,i,{zrtl

12.'!tgilq[d]&'ri4rd,r.1r1.{ i NsrlLdr @qLdL.ll 4idr } g.r.t4iqr €rlq.( 4Q 1i{ a\zid

40d?ln ) tprt (oll] {nql ({l) d,1rc ({U nRdr

ic. 'qlqqG(' i ]. d. g4 { !,jli .tqryi d ?

(,i) &dI\ ilrid (ol1) iei r nLr (r0 rl,$l{s{J (11) !q,r6uti,{'

Page 26: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

cPsC ,radr 23

30. 'r41oBLG\!''lL t qttt it'.{1.1 {1t*d"0 r{ellqdld ]E t'ua11.1 ,{ d

(t) 6.1'll Q1 (,{) ,rGr I\a (r{D q'rqha

or. *,u<t oe *) 'r,rtrecF1q' '{i {ul qLrl.tt-lI ii{l+otr ,!i i'11 r'[tr

(il{o (4U .x't (di) {{2 R,'

?

(JI)

d?(01

(dU o,r

Y(16[

(!) 41

(rr) {l(re)"tt(rv) {l(sr) dI

(o "0

(rr) i(rc) rll(r.) ufl

(is) "(

il.'nr$tqqq' { ali @<{lctl'll $ eta{'i! 6\t'{ \q. 1 0 ?

(tL)'{.r+l,Lflih (dI) tla.ll oDtrtt

3s. inl 3l!r1 ta'l uols lq(od h<idi attlLl

(d) uqL qi qr.i{I (.[) eq stitit,r

sv. !. d. Ui '41or40i€'i 3i "l!t"lr$ d ?

(,,! {,triotlti lllcnr(dI) rRt ati <ee6

3,r. 'arjarct4€' lz<u su{{ Rkr{ d ?

(r;) ro

(r),1

{z) ti(r.r) tl1(ii)"[(*) {t

.G)di(c) r0(tc)dl(1a) r(so) i

("ll) ro

. (€)Jt

(1o) ((t'e)')r(rY)lL(sr) {

({D arqqih (S)

l,l'i 'alorcE{''li {{{ d(it) ortn {ix'uv (0)

(ott) !qI'r ui U"!(0) 1n4qqi 4&lR,

(l) v,r

(d&(re)JL(ro) $(re) tt(st) tr

1[{r F{2

$LL.

qf+ un Saot

(e) ;L

(ir)"tl(11) {(rr){t(3,{) i

Page 27: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

21 tYndl r"Od (tg(ail ueil)

(q) i{l"iE'i,urt 1%?r.ll {r[!.,{{ {;r% \t(t1l j[q,il\rtr. ,La{arur.i t'6,,n ,r a4r ,,.,ri.,

1. tii{l qB 4lrl{q ,tqr 6 {rurn'rrrl:\r11d1'r rJ'/r-ril {rtdc{-rL 1ii,1i q! qii{il{ !ror1{1 ,uu{r.iti,r1dri [Q[itE ari Frirr,l

,lzL'r'rt.1ri ilr.ia i lqrLq-ir dr{l (X Cl'rr[i{ rnu,nral 6. i!]r \i({i r{r',{r-ifttit

\1irrL,{l{(i aiA Aqr i iz< r .|ljl l,r 1111,t.{l.i d{ s{&\ Stlh 4lilr.ll{r{ A{ \dtnuqr.i?utl&{ t i6 tl\tq i{ d ii ,{c1 i,li ,ri.,{(.rii J1i,,li \r{l {r4 r!t. ui A{ ./ ;r iiiqt ,;rvru'!n+r1 dill h, ?ri d.

ir(i\r 1rd4\i qirqr 4 !h{ !oc.r tli tuHl snrdi\i {R.}{ n{rLrt duj {i adJruir{q qg d . ii tEh r4dl ,r{ €Jied{i 1{.9', rr!Lr.{l ?ra,{. '4141' A:l .{,1.r ud. i.n3t 1idl.ui.{1 {rf,l udl {i 6L,r.r,n{t./ {drRdr'1l rer( llll.{l llLdll :,luri ii v.|'1 "{Rd Jlg \q ,1!i.

criRqk ,r{ i.l rlld ,,ri ia6(t ri \q qtt.llz !1qi \ld €di ir e-{i itadri {rqLi .rcu,{ d6Ut A.1r hit,rqdl e{l!A\i 6[lsL{ Rdi adrqri unq qg i.

srLolrt (\irrdi{ qir:$ iiq ri.l,tqn .1,a-!(,i. i,li l,trdlnf dqL a{ti.r.il,.[t'71r

l.?[q,{r',rei i, 'aar',{rL' .}'qL e1".{r ,1D{r }. 't]i, .L,rt],r,:r' .;'g i r, !1,1 i. ,ti "LL

/r,{.ii,ira.{r:r.{l iittui{l xr\1qq(l {Arii i iu,,,{r-ii.J, i-ll,{rii!it,iir&r3,u",1r.iri,rFr.r.1t(u.u,rij irirLltOtqf, r,irure ntL,{r.i,, '{aL1( 18x , 'i'ltqer', 'ru[.4r.1', 'dRrirta{t-t .1rtl

d,{ n{iis{ eq.r fu\q5 4u{tr'l{ '611', ',ali', ',,1r,r', ',{tii.t' .ljiii iL,lu.ll 1lrrq.

(01t, 1rc0, {ld,rii !{f1 ir{r-irri, I :,{ A r'r5L},.{r. d. ,u.& {R,iui 'ar,.L{t laqq1',

't.lil.{l Firtd', 'lirrc 1rqr.1', 'qEqr€.r }rr"qr-r', '(lq{,:n{tr:r' qlrl oL,:tcl tut'1. tLt t'{1id'tk {ar!uir\'oih5r-n.1', '\i{{lx{-11",1('r' 4i 'ir\c{L!,.n.t (El 4I.d 1,n '{zri' ,{,]1 a;i {i1ll4l Zqr{i n{d{i re. \L i\.j J,lq. {5r+,.r4 d. e.0 qi5,r&{-ir .iiir, rir{,1'tl;i.ii lldiakr"{Gt, ,Lq[,ll.r.J1irdui \01?,{m14 iL.lt flt,Il \i rul tt ;L-i ,i{i qi( Gl\.1 t*ii'tAi nd,{r.ie,.{ 3rccr il- ,,

),1l {{ {tiraii i,r{ri i.{ u-r,,{Lirrr ,r{0.1I a{G{i r.,rl- d i .ill 3./or d.

r. {ire c+9itct 'aru{t.1 tr dq2 di iL, ,4r % d, !r.i i{l ./ ,1-'rdrrir.i ini.l.ll ,id {{ vr{l r"i iLcl ili ,Et.{t

ttuud ,tqd ri{u n(q-r4r \D ,LR uq{qJ d. il|HL \d \q ,,{ Jin( {!ir rr.1r,rr{i d . airEr:l {i1i lidi 14l,rl d. q0ll, rr.1rqRis ,$r A.{L .{Li {ri {ql d . ai i{l % iel '}.di mkrRr1{.!FGL {si\.li llt'{l rqLq?.i 6ui{ ru,{i ridl .tlalll:{,{ht&R{i A t{urdr{i'.flaiE d. ,,rori{s q.jl .ig tiai qdtq,ir cr$i rqutirr 1ii .1,ii ./ arl e.1dR riaiarql {h.{t tnlEtn .ri- d . Ali4ru{.i i{l ", t[AB )-,{r!-{I oL,r Ooll ,{l r:.{i d .

Page 28: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

{L

i

.1i

CI'SC llilar l;,rrt, ,11t\i li(| 11lsrL,li\R\,n.{ a{ {li iL$,l {t {Gli,tLirLi'r !it'n'{L!it1rt t'i'1

.1 c{tt dr,1 A.{ {tF{a\i riqi t{tqr.ri ulqli Sltordrcl "{i(141 lt9it d. !.t. d . , '.lqlu(rr{t

\'n. ' \i aiti ' 1!ar 4,{.r dlir icrir 4tll,tlil:r,u *\ li tLrr - r''L!"1 ,. "d {^ ';'

a ] 1eL .i{Rt \ii !i { v n{'Li i{r.is .llQisll qk, otldt'{t 6rolt, tni 3r5'ir0tl 1ltiirl x(iL,a.ud dtl,ll ,{dd 6dli, Ai c{i ,rdl 1${L qjii{ hxtcl3 q{{l dLatt 4{'ll llql d - 'rt'ri

qcri

?'.ii.)rLqi{\L t.;,q:l !,} ura cL,{t9 'tU!rani'!'i .1..! r. ,J1' -: r." +rtr"'-3o{r,rl 4;I ho{lvlt.it r(a\.11i ut qrd.{l rdlh au\,{i lrt{ t}

tr..;r4u0"ohnr1;r.ifr.1,r',(1LL1.r.ir.4rrr\ r.;, t4 dr, !nG.r a\i 'i - '.

0 , ,rLci d iri uirL.L.u t'ri,Lit d{ A hq,r'li dl qlHfu(ll )Li r.lLqLardrj t{.1 41,{ d . .r.d. ,

\t4.{ 'ilu[ iIdL tux \1 l{i a,{l {i ii i?i{I{] aiqil 'r'dla tt it,u(et'1t,lri dralt !i ,]r.

,id({I 'a,l !kq, {orL rrii, nA {Et ui ,l)qrtl T .1l d?1 {tkit ULt'lt '{tlq*tn{'li {r}i-l "tl.1' !. !1 % I; L,^g tl:tl \ r.-ll .ixrll'"i,1,. ,i{L 'alr' -'l'" "'\id,1i u-ri d{[qfii! 41, {r r1{{t wi 3{ a a{ dErr,{Aql itl-ii r{ 6.

,4 \rmA.{r,{i A{ d1&t ;A AqJ rixt:-R{iNt tA rtc+phi ?{'r T L'r d . qu[], rlc] 1 ldr-,.1111 ui €iqi a6,ir w-rt{u{il.i {tlqi \,1 A.( \li i. nLi Adi '/ ii'lt'iL e'111t [il'L'l,.iriti {i t14iid ,.uir{ {.iro{t.l ruzd 5x4dL,{l q ,1l.1reiL i .

'r rr.L[ rr \rl .i iv{,fl,)\;:i,uli \iBL\a.il .ltir$ {rx €t3[i'/'- dl! '] , iri 3E).\iir x'lrtdl 1 ).&'1'1i '!'{ I} iti i''il

./ i-ii tr&, ,{r,ir (t,ll (td5r,a.{t tQ.li :t.,{R1 \t{ .{Zti ,itdtvlii {dt'{l ,tt{\uri 'rtf it

.)'.ri .e crL.i d. itL 'tr nt r .li "11{ 1,1i xr Etue i' d{t Xzt'lt'{ '{.{ I itd {Lst ,1{t1 1r'il 1

y;i .i.nitLii {'N( .{tiqi ,i t aqjl j \dt ta&li qa 6\L.l'rt \zt'r i qLolt'l 'Liti u1i

qiir[!I, ,{Ai r{r|{l{ q.ll %4 d.

rl t {li i,:'l q1,1l-1i ru'"1t.itt '{Pi

}rt,:]t t1\rLqll l'/iLJl ttt%i'/ !L.il 3{L dlt d.

'li\l ,r,.,rl { tq (i.t lI C,lR ai t'rrtdl a$tldl ie! tt{ 0, di 'Sqrort$-tt {tir-|llir{I,.id,l R& 1A 5{ d. 4 acii {idi % rrq[.{il o].."l uLDc{'rL !iL,r![ {,lli]d JIi {t.it1ta

\\".i 1\.rL { "1,1%.',1 'l (tl.);'a!r'ru

c. a{{ tik:i{r-iz i Rrw d, iiau./ 41 atlr

Fld 3{l iJ i \di iq"rd{ xrt 'l:rur'lttRtG lrL."t:{ r!

:,{or q,{ri uizLrl Jl, !{rlr :itra xir{ qLe0ll q1u{L;i

qq[-{I iq{I]( ,i A\ i u'1l Nr u.il 0rt k1\i ,r.rldt

. duarq{ ,,u u.,rdli trL{ic{,t }.[aGd ,Lt{i riillq.| A{t.j-Lil AAT , rq(t1li (i "/ ,!i d], '!Ld \,:1"$.{dL rQ A{ {ir$i \!L qLdl tG }ici rqt. dt4 dh \tl.1ti'L dl i.|tii, a. }'L qli

c{ri ri d rai I{(i c{ri e Ad,qiqtic{tiuittttuql'liQfz6ioitlid.''l'1ui'1'{ti+ni1 r\t:{Lurdr{l Gr}'{ {i d. A '11!1t' \i'li €tiqllt, 'ual\t,]Qn' {i '1!t4tl' {i'it q[iil{rLi;rL,riiq'\iri5lq1mqdAt].nu.r,{ii1A4.l.lv.i,Iqir'{dLartti'|!t_[0.isrrltill

Page 29: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

26 ,l.Y .fl dG.{ (Ene.n ud))

4l% rr,{i uall 'rdi ii {;-'t '.tn qR (FklI 'rdl ali A trtit'{'rt i4l tll11 {A ,1d } i'/ qx

rlloirL Edi .i,11. iiu{-(r\t 4rqiL{l iril {.lRi '{111 i ql it\ lir 1{{'?11dlt rt{i i r{l ql

d . qi&d"{rt riit ll t{ nir.{l ot ,{i t{ a6 ai 6lI%'11 e{ lti '1rS

i'fl d'lRr {'1r 'i \j ii'rarii!{A0nd %6 Rhq 1{]li {r4et {ti 0. 'ai t tt tinir\q A{ {ld"ilt, 'irdt {'lli 'rc(llt'l,14,.1 't L.,i3 .1s{L' { adol.{ 3..d d.

lqr"is tlLulir 6d{ ul&J{\ d. aq4, .1t1, tzleL, "io{Bd 'Lo'Ll ut+lltt4 '{ql

? i{tr{l'tiqEu{or 6\{lq rlli )EcLsLct ql{li

'it F{d4sr +llttaL $11 '{h!ttlt A s{t4dt{l ie! '{l

tir!..r.d.,'lLriY{i{.ttf{uqJ'tl@ql-l'rrl}c{aJ(idLui1\rL,'l':l'1ijaetdd''4t1Lu1t'1'\islqdl-1.&.1tr{i {tx iiet, (ltqt rt'antr'0 ietrii .lqt 'i(init?

ul,r'lllii "lt\

rtl\ql'{l iPl l.{!r1 14 tPd.tt .{gJ i\-l q'{1 i\tiil ,16r t {.r {i it3{ d qt q':l'ii i'{t"isi (rd{ dt+GR

d{l} 4u[ rl{al.{3i i,}-a. fulitt o{.tvl.,

tr uit u1 \{iat Jt ltl {l-[4tt1 "/ 'r{l qr]t %:{fu6 JII {i lquli qq! d qq't4'lxLluci-u 6!{ rttu,{t(,rli ti {ttt Jh,,i t sdL- '{u{rL(l'1 ttu{t4rtd{ r{idt {it{l wl "d3d1 f il1. 1.'.') | q.: t. q.rL,9. i:, r'jtl",)"',{.' tai Lr. q1"i'r"i r ! _4 t''4t " I ixtt-itJ,ltLEh11r'iRaiqidlilt}1lliiliixiuldr{Lai'r'll,'{'it'li?\ntiZu-{.rtittl'tlqqi'iL

'{,n i at 1'{J l-li.?tri li. 1,t, ,,t3, t\'1t llst'rtl, e.l'lil qjii

'i'ri 6zL"lqit d q'fl, Pr'it "r'1i

,l'rL.lL .€(,1d {Gl \q ri{t,rl A . Itl\Hi rLFt\-1 i*tii nlitl\i 08{'t,r{t[ ']li"ll{ 'iLal 'q-ntrr,r".t-,rrirt,i:q"r,t."-41.t'!u.'.,.'.' 1'\l'6r"'.;''

ji,{L.it.ri ,("{L-it{ i.41, 6-1'1 Ot{etil tt \'\ d.

'1( \Lctel R{{ i {tl{ti1'{t,'

i \di'.tirtcl q{i 1 q€st'

] qdt

'clat ({{ q rq(l'

.).Li,rd,-.rLu,{.r.{iQrho.rti.ri {utq a d. A1', 'trldt du qt*'tl'1'l dEt lidti &{l "4q d ii'Li

izqis ,{ti ii.u€.{l hQtB tEit ti \cL \R'l't Jlli O - iqlal'i \qL i qti'{l 1ti, zldr1ll'it li{iqirL

il 'J. rr.,1- 'dLqtslqr' \i.it !it\t qi {\d q:4ri riqLi. {t (lqiid rLN'2Ll't'tt

9?.u ,{aqi {({.li i.{ ili iiql, riqd 4QdL'{l +\q['Li Odi 'icl 1i!'1tdiq 'Lqleirr\ \uL i'0 'i:

{rrr.{l ,.{ili{dt d.

q011, d-u olt\txtA \e! i'{I !tlurl:*(ti !r.!1l ?r{t{ 5{l d. T t'il.l! ]r{iit 1ri ql'iuL

4iaq.{,ri } {l.€ Rai'0 rl%qa.Li ,,1i 5'lti{ $€]i ritil'tt %E \.{ 'i'lll. rld'{I11'drld ett'{t'li

eloii i{ qlrd{l t131.1t d. da.lll e0{'ti 6\'{l"r Ar1 3'I d. a'll n{Lqli }lor]1,{l nilli ola'Lciri

r.lzrfl {.rLv {i(ld,{l tl'r@ {l} ii ttr l\S0.

Page 30: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

Cl'sC 'rilart

1o. ,l,liilr,i :

{r{ tu 4Gi{lq ,R.{l 1ac0, t,rl€Li,{Lr d qi ir6 \rxli iii?.l4,{ cli qdl .lli dctlE(d. \,{ a{l a( ,{qlfl "i{t qqi ir q< ',rn\i rr.{.{L ddi } r.i.ri tniR i.1r .l,rr{.0t\q lJ. girlrri {j.1 ia' 5"r.r'llritr.irh.i.r.q lic.{ arl tg,jr rql,.:iJl ,',,tFt,li] rLFt111' { {!r q, *.\a '{({q, *qr, d'r '€tL:t+iq,{i a,rrl qriLLL x01ri1 tzlLd,tiriq :-r ,riqi r{iIJq I l?(0, Jir (,'\l e{l,r r.a. l!;ri u "e! qr ,! f)r

. qll ng d. ar 6q{d o{l(, l?4L ,{,{iuri{ A{ q,i.i, xi.€,|+ul,ir, X,,"{ul{ rlLi'ri l"rLdliir[iil{dr;i rr,luql rsrq, \er !Lr.{l {{atl1l i-{l ha),it r,ltrta r{i,{ ,ierf rL{ d. R{rol \zrli 5{lq.llll \1er{} ,lqdt rl qr l.{{I ,{q&.f i d) I rlt Qrl1l{el d y, ,{q q& 1?r.LdI xr{id i{ qtr1

qar .{t d. ;I{l '+r|.u.1', 'i!r{ir,' '{ij,' 'UrL\r:rRl, i4 0{,{ ilA{r iJy dl2uQc-r.1rr{'4-u.1i rl1.{ t -ri d. iLrrer ei,uqi i{l u thiri ,rtq Xirrdt

.rrlt{l riL d, {ag "

.1[}, iqttr3[ii.u0lt !["/.{ t[r{An qd;l qqL } {Lr'{l {, d i {e., "t tcLrr,t, .nliit€nq, ].s. &,r, ..lt.nqr(,

tr{l +,1t 4ql{h tqrl4qqll BcBr?i rLi.rll rL {&LL a{,r ol,{ arilr ir{l 4u{ i{.iL \r!{rr] i i'u ,,u .J,tL{RNq{t 'd.

E .rqall u*r)tr)'ii 1. 1, L|n-[ ih d ?

(ii) tqrit G[) .LiAs (r{l) .rLr. (ll) r,,iLr4 r. .ll r-,rli! r L t ,l!1 1!nr.(i).r{nu (4t) t{-ir ({l) tilrl (11) .rLri

i,1r.ia.i r{ JR lr{ }qil qqi ,1|1l 1

({).r{i.: (,11)a.i (r{l) .u4 (.1D qLtc

i{-il ,Jzrdl qLu{ 6.!,[ {) { .{ \jir.{l {A dI'1I cit ?

(;r)Ei{ (qi)ntr'L ({t),{rq1 (0),{hqL

"[A{ttul \?,{i t{i.ri{dl q.1sll !&dtri 4 +u{l {r{!r0l.ri di qr\eil ilq Frii\![ d z, ,{r]r

le{dl {rc&q daL qA q.q {-g r}." :,tid?r,{ 1t.r4 4r t{qrl !i.u qD liq E ?

ril,,r.-. (d I 1L\01 \rl/1,+L rt,r"ir-"'r;t \', ": q,1d"r i u tn. .rJ'id ,I) q i -nl(,) \s:Lr (,,11) ,.ur.ndl5r,- ({) xt.0rn ({t) ,,u,.11-m1

27

t.

i.

\qlra{ oJBrd i'{.iL iq-'l ,R d ?

(,1),r*rr (,,{t) "u.uu*Lr

(r{l) ,rer.rLcltLr

iu.A iz(rl .rir i&j argt{ oiiLqj oli ?

(11) nL-0th

({l) eotI(i) zo ("L11 oo (rll)

rd a:i i !{rl litt.ti sli ?ll.l(t { {i![ \i< 4r-{ {(rl) crqrquotqt, ttqx(t1l) rrdi, rroo ({i) .r,Lru,{.r, recz

Page 31: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

F'

28 {.'rkil drG.u (agc{sil u& )

10 .[i6r.i,L rr\r-rli Eq1!|lr +lt t{ir {ri r.(jL) 6.n s tr: dl tsea (.,11) 6 a r:te,{l lerr(dt) 6.{. 1!rB,1l l,esy ({U 6.x. rrrs,ll rorv

rl i{riL aqi.i qd']I !-di ?

(oi) rrr,r (,ll) ir.{trqlr (dl)1+,La (tt) qiLrt

1r. i Lrt€ r[ari iq]r qFr,lr udl ?

(,l)yr.,{l (otl),i'E4 (dI) iqi$'i.{l{t (11) tpu. , r.-riri' {n-.r- i ! li,.i ?

(ol) ur<tq (41) {.,:rer( (dU c{eLqr ({t) rt {tL1r. liq i{iii -rL- .(li {l Jr,ri,rdi ?

("d ord-.rit (o[) €LeF€dt (dl)o{d n{to{l (0) u'.rt'{qr. t.r.N r.R,:lq.r q'(;r J+ 4i t\i trd €,it l

(ril)rrid{ rirJ (olu .lir1r,Li-{dl (dt) a1terqri\i-44 (ll) '(1pta,li.{to{l1 r . ot!1l {1 ou,Lr.ir { r 4r,r c.ri {41 iu.il \tqil {i .t \ict.{1 xh 3{ cd1 ?

li)'r,ruz (,[) 'L\3,l ({i) 6.J't

, '. . .r' {1 rn .i,-l ,\r .. { I I r",q,{ .e "

(r'L) ro (.,t),{o ({t) '\

(l) s't

c/ iri:i,r n;,1r{ gr.r.r'n {{"ir liir l\r.1, i,{i ru..r!-i 1ai d ?

(li) sri"r-t lLilri ot d-r, ri{, !1.t1!r, ol€clrrr

(oll) {d, ri{I, ,{r'n,rL ui orL,{i ,,Lu

({l) cturioL, rt€dr, 3ifi4, qldl.t(il) ,{i!i, ,iil, "iL'{L{'ft\r, su,irt

1c. ')LErql r4r!r{.r,' 'littL r{p4(r,' '{o&tsl,n' *.{i ,tlqtd \,{ i\L'ir rt\d d } '.8 ?

( B GtL) 't{Iro. i,rd? {aou.rLt)\eli4, ,1iqrc{llar.,{t r i ri i1 1"{i oict.{l qtd d('t }dl e{l B ?

('i) ,.8s1 .{rA (dl) rrL.qri nt Irr. L-i€ ';t.( t u tritrtr{l aL.uu*Rid xrqtl d ?

(ni) Ii,4.{,r n{1, .rtdQ, e(tLit (oll) 4g.r+,4, 'risv, erL+ztn

(dI)o{r4!r, -t|!i, lq1lur (n) {istt, '[ri, tr,lr1. i{rii :Ai r[-{r.i.l-r UlirrL.ftti!\i{ {2 {qtql d ?

(d),{r\, ,r1{l(1r, tzr\LxRn (.t) t{q+jit, ,{<,.au.{t'r

(r{l) riLuL.iq, rkuru.rt r, ,ri'rLar+.qr'r.

r-:_ i it.ir nt .{uJLt twid { E ?

(.i).r,1ii"r! (4I) o{t? (+{L) rrrsLi (11) !A

Page 32: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

CISC qflan 29

?Y. ilL'ir I.1l {d! {ir.{ tliri r} ?

( 6Lt{:lq (o{D uLrl-,r (dD,rssh (Jl) :quti

(!l) .rL,rL*r

( {!.,!l (41) ,,r{l ({) 'l3{

1\. 'rou.{L.t' rLi '!.$r*1r i.u.i€.1i l,{t ltiri d ?

(i) rq\ (41) " ih.r ({ .r,t4

re. l{r-i€i i,{ BrlLid d{ iqr }uu{r*LlL{ {Aql. q[Uq qdi ?

(r'\)4a,6\n{€, a{.Lqq,t -r&lt(0'l (.ll) tL.lt,{,1t, .{€talik, c{ptcd-griltt{1

(rll) 3atq, s{r,{+it1, 6.lGt1g-!eoL(,{

to. i{tri 'E{.r+jq' iq.u tqdi ., i{ a,r&a qli oi, AEI }i tR idt lJI d ?

(JI) nLtE{at

rr. qr!,n.i-ri ..{,:[.i{i \ilepr,r $l,{tArir qlt l i i,lt-ir. ,qt! q:i05.dAf iL{i }.{i }qRRx \i,{u]&?(;j) oriqta (00 srorhj (dl) aLtt (0) 10qt,t

.,c. i t€.{l { "rsi 5r.n {l fi! qa,!.l d ?

(i)Rr.ql ("tl)Fial ({1) rer.{{i (.])'rDir

3(]. 'nirni ri.ll qicui qi dii,,f ',r,1({( ii{ q!l1{ i,u-i€ll ,(tq "{tc{l Oll d ?

(.i) xzL,{4-(r,rLiL - (,,{l) ,lU"n+,{A((i{l) {ilir,1 ,lidrll-6dLr (11) 5,{uu {la,ll.l1 qr.l

31. '.1uLrL1{r.r'{i x5(,{ql{L qlErsri, 'tj41rqRn'rri B r{{ dLartill'1i {rA} nj1a.{i :tcin

,rqr\i i\r.ir.{l ,6 r(ii €.lt.l qL,{ & ?

(,! uLlRe (4) riqu.r"Lre ({U udatrlG (l) sh}L[tqr

3r i,{rnr.fl .r!,r .r tgl'{ ridt ,ri{ ND i { Il ?

("i)r horli (olU qrqct.t (dl)ad:LiulG (dl)ri.LtercrL

.3. 'tszL{ ,rlu'.1i trr1l{l lri ',.ir.irl{i {1Eid.[ i$ R d {ra,a.1 d ?

(id aLRrGa (..1t) ortir (:ll) rLGt (JD rt,{3t. '1!rqa \i 6qs 6\r{i{l .dolr.jr,i lo{rqi ir.i ar.iorl tqo{tq ori d ?

(-"])erarn (o1i)ritR (dl) "11or(rl (0) ,{tr

l\. x\ r, \,i. tt-i, q,i..q;..{qla{ 5Ri ?

(.il) "ttor.iL (o),r1qr (r{t) ,r (ll)eL*l

sE. ,{:RL&5 q!+i ti ,{i i tttl \Lzra'r.r!.u\i rrti Ra{a{l d ?

(oi).j"aLdl'1+ (dI) rLqur+ (dI) qR,!{I&,3r (0) ao1.{ki:t

"9. x,L{ 'i,\,{s ir, a{ri ?.,lJ ?

(t)rL{,{,I (011) .reLo{r,r (r{l) orptr,L (.1) eft4qrLlt

Page 33: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

30 rt 'rkfl

xG.{ ( AgGil !adl)

I

i.r"? F \.r+-, .{ca" i 1

({) ,lA,n, tjrLq (o]U 'r,,-1qti (r{l)qpEL,l (0 eQirL$rLqt

J . .,%..r\. ,i uet | .q lrdq ri,!r ,.!i.r!i?(ri) isu,.i (,lt)+6 (+tt) ,rr

yo. ,\r riirr {.md'rL oufui iqlizi ',{nj' JLrdr ddr T

(-i) -i.ii. 1.ll)"-,,,r (d <r,r

v1. 'ltntl qL!{r,1,' '{0rLu.{L'r,' 'tq-rr"ltlr '}ci at'ar.i lu-ia 11.1!{lqri ?:{i t} ?

(i) ur,rqr (41) reLour,t (r0 qL"t{,i (0),rLR,r, tSreL

tr. ilL.ii 'i!Lai1' iri urqil q r) ?

(i) {,rLtqL (oll) 'r,:tcLrd ({t)orpr,rd (ID RqSrL<ry3. Li 1[.iqri tL:{r{dr!1tr}t Lft {ld iLi rLr'1lldr cdr ?

(o'L) .ra1.{r-r (.ll)au (r0)rtrdyy. i{.iz{ rLl.,rrri{L ri{ qLdql$

'16ri D ?

(rr);^(

(rl) 3u,r (.,10 lqelr hit) ,{.adh otRd{ (11) ,r.rtc{I.r lt1r,rjy\ i,{.i.{i tu.{r.iri q,{"lr i{ dri q'(r *xr.1q,I ,{ I

(,i) ui,raat (o{l) r.itq (tl) lz?rdt (l) ;i{n:... ...1,..,'ri , .l:.lrr:r r. .'.f...\r.r.r'.;- i,l q.rrr.,,e.

(,,1) "rp-,(l,l

-rLit

(r1t) or.r l.LpLrr

Ye. '11r11j\'{ tu.il irj rud ,{ d ?

(r0 {,{{l(lt (4t)a,tl,Lu (rt01u<{krr (il) r3,:L*

tl.'{r.{utqr'.il t-{ ir i{id ?

(i) {rtr (o{l)"tqg,t+ (rI0 ri.Lru (JI) :3,rLiayc.,r[.ud1q1,1i i1li€ 4,{r 12r {i,ll l,{ rl{.li I %4 d ?

({) 4lor.r{{i li(\i(dl) r$r{t {l&i

.{o. iritn hBiHi .iL1 4i,{i.($ .0*, ,,ri t.1(r{) 4he ui 4rc,

(oll) irL.lr.r il"&r,rcL(.0 ,r.nRJ \rn

(.ll) rJ,I{i{I ur*{.{i(1) {i.ruidl 33!r,{i.

(l) Y"i1'ti dlie\1 . uL!,rr{rdiri\c{I i{te id ,g \L',{r.r dj t}ll cqrl qhrD,r iar-{rl d ?

(.1).irct{r-{r.1 (.,{l)u1.rLurq (di)gtr*q ({UrrlnnluL.+L.t

\1. '41atglcr'.ll .louqr irri d ?

(ri) rutru,jr u:i 6,11 lqqQ,r (41) iL,{r,{,!L ,1;t rLq,.r{qL{

({l) ,.{l1i a{lorq,r t{i ,{i i{ (il) iqr.{L,r !(i .rq.i,!

Page 34: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

GI,SC qilarll

,{3. i, .iid{ ,'rd aLl,irri rai d ?

(d) (rq,?r, .r14, l{,{€Lx qi l\,a{rq %.11

(01l) r{LiL\, .nQie., t{lti, rr€R.{7. ilHu lidr.r g)qi{ i{t {tioti

Xihrr.flr,r1ir titui d ?

(r1) 'r'erur{ o qI ry(rt) €R.11i.1r 1r ,111\

(r{l) irir, ,,llqr, 0{kq{01, $&a{l"ijEtrr, leuur, hd{q .ll. }ir!l. qrli }jlri..1r

{o{l) .reLo{ra.lr - ,ll, { ec(0 ,tl rL-rL - s {I rr

(o),rim{ (.,1 ara (att) ,1r (ll) (Jt!.. )qri rq,.1rJi!r;i |n l2cLi ijq,J t-r{!i J

(,! dLc (,,{l) qri (+fl) ,rap- ({) 6r.{t{,{q. '{rij' \i 'riQio .rJdr4 !trlict.u 5qt xtiiL{ {qr.{l lu .{,ilqr6 d ?

($ dl.i( (,,0)(".r (dt) ,RqL (Jl) t-rB.r.\o. i11liz {d 'j.Llqrd:j \ri:, j6$q{ rl|ti ud ?

(d)r'.n. rsso ("lt).d.n. reeo (dI)6.n. rezs (0 d.r. t,gea\2. '.rctlwt r'.{l10rs!11 ii.n cir{.k 5ri ,ll ,,{i lr{l, 4qrq\i.L aviirqrd{ll [fu\rdd

\4. !{:€[{ !i\{l d{Llq g[\Gli l,{r,,Lr&-t ru\.Lt .1.1-a\44-{1 rilLjqr ri B ?

1; .ft - rLtl)\tu; + . r.( ,t 1\.,eo,'.r.rr,.1l.r'3{rtilrqr.r€llqLsdillqrirrJl.riB{.iii{Llritlrlvrri,{{iqljaid?

(!i) l]lut xqr.r li.rrrr{i (oll) {,LRln :rrrL.r sr+Qtii({D ,.trir {tlt'1-{(,t( liri (11) r}.rl,-u rqr,i-{ridi i

E1. U!r{,qi, rou1l i't.1t {Lt (d r!{t ,i trr\E 4g qjg ?

(ri) tr

(1) n(.){1(r,{)..{i(rr),,i(rc) 11

(ir)n(ve) ll(,{o) d(rs) 4

(r) dt((,) {t(tt)i1I(ri)0(3o) {(se) oll

(Yr) .{t

(.rt) "[(\z) "i1

(e) {t

ho) tL

Gs) o[(rx) {(31) it(32) {t(x'r) r{l(,Q) r{t(\a) 0

(,r) i(ir){(rc) ..{l

(re) "tl

(i3) o0

(xo) .tt

(ve) {(.rx) iGr) o[

(e) 4l(rz)0(ir)rll(rz)rl1(:\) 0(vi)al(xd rtt(\a);i

(.,10 o{d (r{D t\,r

Yqro{)

(v) r{L

(rr)Jl -(rz)"tl(r\) oft

(€1).1(e,:) i[(te)

"lt(,ro) ,i(;) rL

E

(ll) tu-rL

(e)11

(te)"il(ro) nlr

(ro) o[(rr) i(Yr).0(vz) r{t({q) ,'l

Page 35: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

F:

32).1,,lldl n,r6(ir (agqell uqil )

* {1.{,1 !t1\,x1 leuR d.

J

(!) ?tlHUr

J,

{JIt Adhi 1,r! 5"{l I

dn{l+'inr trtt rL {t(,.i 6d lti :4ar1\L {tdi{t {'{{ '+46t(U iJ%rdl [i-c11t

(",tx,{,'r,iti tq.1q rF+.'-, : 1,'. -r q',c lI dri' rr q+r u.'rt g t:Lqqlqr \ :r

,i.irs"i at ii +.11Un,rl\'r ,\.)..4l r-,,i,-,{,id JL'I 'L{qq{"1lldi"r] 1'rq,n ,r,:uiqr".-^ru u r' r't- 'ill * 'i -'

4 u {'"'rr '' iirz "'q t r

at r+leL or'{1 "a,r d.

rqq \u{ A lqi lLl.ilrR €di. !to1tFt, {tqlii{ erl{ irqdlhdt 61tt +t{rv'tt tltu{tFl:

hrur,u x;[u],ri i ,r4edr .G r]..11:i Sdr A iui!. A !u{ci !uu{t"r 3td B i{r.Ran{i.{ta.0 uLz.rLrtl rlnL{ 1ll4 stirdLqt {rl%at'r'1r qd{L et+t{i i oR'l'i, af ilS"ti{ti {3*r L lLlll ; rn,e i ct__ uir.'rr'r.ftr 'r"'rLr'r t';u'lRsrqa:

rl,I,u ,i ,h.tt.{.1.j pr1 d. Jheq-1 't

).ilt1[idti tqor'{ &L'r d '[qj

e'{.'t $ti'1 "e'{r

GL'{ :R, rL ,:r{{ glit'r rLlialGld {D ir \q "rhl! aBi i) '{l '', r! '1-'t ii4L'd Jh'tt

nl.:la-":-..,i'.Ia.,a,.' .Jq1; L'..,'!.r .l '\{.' 1".:a

?l{iu !1,11{ nid{ Y4q,t r{i r1l!il4 {a4L lLl6ux odl' iL'r{t Fldta {1d''r1 'ii'lLdt:i{1 at iZ&.{$ ed. i{l1t.1 1'/{td1, 6\ud 1it!d ai Gall q'it

'.G 'i{ nt.' cri "({zt'ttz'lt,rLi( ;i'r(5...1i;i qki €,1i.-i.1t dtlJc{ dd fii udl n-r1't'Ll [ii!]u'1t 'r(!'l i"ll€li'11't Y 'tzr

u n €{. -r..lizLri u.r.,i:i rr,.1,.r oLL,it sa'r rLi i rL "LaqLqi atr rti'i r-{!'tl{:i 'trltrRr ,1G-1' 'li

uDcr{{l:lLt.Luli *q xtBc{ {d'r d lq(rt'li qi{t! %'{ d. 1 ct'rltild 6di d-c]qt"IL ltilil "li

r. **,,1,,Ari, -{.rr ,tL {qt.tl, (-' '{a'.t lt"l \* l{-rL -:'rl'i[jl,.r\.,\r.''i.1,('....i !!r-, *j.l 'uRlt' "q"l':.:' '\'uJtt'r'r !'ln'!i"/aOtriL...n. ,'l"4+,.-,, ru'.1t4',nl iqtr' tr--r''"r'fl, i''' "tl'

r-; ',,1,,, ,1.d r\{1.' .t' .-r1{ ,..)".r a"q

i.r"'t qaqrdl {t). {lltll qack{eti d{tr tLt'ld!-li qtql'ri]l'd{ri \Q14 '11ii 'it

A'{l

\aqk{,n:i.{i4 ai qGl.q i63 ',n:i \r'{t:j d.qqardlqlj.r\:

,Lriq lruqJJ-)rl q14 oiqii ir"lr"{ 'i\ hikL' 1'!t, \r:a iqtk<ir}i'?f- a'l' ;:krL

dqlu.,i,i\qrc r" r.'{rR;,'irq.9 'Larr "1'fli'rr.1 )r4;d'i ndatqiJL !%k a'

lOn,.,i I a*io ;*q i*rni 1iu{l'i!i lli '{dl n'r }lttt n r"L dq q 'tli

{idt'{ '{Ldl"it'it;;tra1'r tiqlq.4t. ,i iL i\4 q,ioiL{

'iLa +au'rq, lL'r't Ij[ riqd'{aqtdtrtl'tidt '{rci,rLi a,r.r iloii r). oit u':r 'riat'tl Ja{ at-1 'LLdllqli

'ti'L <1itt{l 41tl n4l'1'll !i qj_qiL nt\t

qr,{.lL{ rri). d.

Page 36: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

GPsf q:le 33

iI

.l

d't

'n(i

(,r) qH:\r4 j. I iru.{.{tiq:11,{q-il (dlqi.1i rriiq \,r llltrit{ qt!,]t.i.tl !ui.{4 i\ {JtL1t:{tq,11 q(q d . r{Liqri

A ?.cll ltLlzt.tl t1li d d .ri .,Lr16lli ,qt.11 {Qn(d ,l- d.

(a) c\'li .iqrrft |

rqr-{l rll{ {iatd tll qL,.Lrti i{,{l A. {a rt,ra \oiL-[ ,{t a"kl ui1"'1"t llNql'll {i'ttdA d. ql(;i 1t!lq{l q&tl\i ai {q 6dl.rut ,lidtq A. odi i-11 .1kd{t'ri rt'lAorq,i( s\'{ d..u.si j(ue qr,{ ,iqt ,.2{rri i 0r{l ri d. i,{ g(,rclG A qir't.ri Ooil r{i {uai d ;ii ,,i, , u'!t

A {Li ,?1t Jh d. i.{I \aqd,ai{ J?1rr t u{ ui rt,lltr oiilt di'{ d ai A{1s A'll'{aqtdlaii r ;L{ ihn -['i, tr.,d,.$ 1ft{.r {l -t11. *Rn ".oi.ii ! {\.4'rql'. q'fl'zL{re.

,.1lbquiJr1irllltt{rohirir}i,'ButSh nd is ft hnny,l€has no time to ptruse aod

rhink, may evcn !o leal deeply.' xiirt'li r(rtq "tiiL i.1 [q'{t{l u.1oi 3tu{.qi [l{ti,+11d.

4 r.qrql{I6\ql)r I

{r,rq A-{l qe.Lk{airli qL$?tt{l.ti 6wiot 3i d ltldl tus3'.lttil{1 rqtl, '1k{ r,l'ltc.1i ciot

qr{ d {,i E![L 11 3,lLrir

rur',irr.lt .Lldl'ir\r .lisi 5r&ti \t{a,L-l iilt'lt ui{ i /'i li u,ir iD oNi cio litll '1 i1 1r1

1i. iri A,{ % {t1"1.11 {dlai'izdl Ari{ .ridl i ii.eii ari'rti riai i'1l uai;i1l qtr '1Q

i ui.-ll \r1iL&,1di a,lil Hai4 d. d{i {i[iq rl4i1i \t'14liil tti nLrll{t'ii il'llili 4tq d

"'r\i :,r"d,11 ,.i0i qi,.tt urii lati ')qi {rqu,it 0,{ttd ajj1, &11t.1 ,L:i jt t,4 l 1i 1t,lii1:r 'it'{'t ,li

,ilt,,iL\z, ta1<t0';qi \illlii xrqtlnii.iwr r.uirL 4r{i. rLt,itiidt \ni 4qlqti 1t.r.L \rnll.1i

ri\rLq! 'll.al d, ,i ,idqG aill.ri $tn \'!! dL.{l 1ti{ d.

guvrrl r.ri 6raar +{l'{.ir :

{rL\a'{l \aqk{ai\i }trlqtxi lif i-l X3't\L'iL 3rdi tilN iL{.11, lutdqu, sttlaat rti ?r(r

ul {d.; }1qk{ri.{l {r3'{tdti cqLl d - .i l.!r, 0{,1, q1n,rdl qrrl .lLdl r.1l.unrdt.11{J sidi,rqri e' .{L d. aq} ;. qHtli{ onh.{l.it rLdl€-i, {d{t-{ nlutj tti ilaltnr.1L irt.lcil'tj.t{,t.l !.Ll 11 '.{ .;

13,{,{t{r{ 'l{"tuuL,ll ' { tsi{ rti 'lq!11'rR1' dEL "1t'11ii€'rL'

,li \a l 'ljiia !tta'{-ltu'i\r1 q;i d . !9di {[{!1.1i lLLx]!.Lr {nl+u4lt.1t Utt 4ta"i1 '1i?'1!tr1 4o{.1 d..lt 'i4 }. e{qrni l{.ir i'?cl1ii{l ui {q\,-{tl1 6to{ 5{ 1t3di .|10. ,rt'li, {t \txi 'Idti +1id d{[arc

'{TL

c\11L,.l{i,ri {11. iql s {.idnq Iq,l ri 0, 'u'rqi.{td[ rti niil'1i izd'-{ a iraA \L'li'tli" ar,r..1- ?q,.1'R! nl y'llrq.a1ql tr{1,.\i 1il,]{.5Lr'l-ir G\ql\ :

{r.tt1'tt qrdllli{ {t lti.it ?rlq] 'a.lt qi d, :1:i ntt {L t }i'{I {dlah\i 1"{ i{ dll}llqtd 1rL u1{ 6 ii\i Y.,{r1,"li $1.1, u.tt"l"l.i.t, tuuttluti, $lriq,q'{I,

qt'\tlf ii'ri'{t1{lqrnL, \rlrrltiit tqa ,1i1. !3'd{l +d} -.1,'ti rt'lttdi {titq i' {rrilt 1i14 Iiit '{td lliti

Page 37: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

Ild rla?kil ?rt6.u (ag({4il !r!"i) )

,,{l 1t. &. ,{€, -iil d, 'fllr.li rlqr ,lqdliri aiad r{r {rq d i 111(,rl A{ qrdl,{LC0 1r5ildl'{ dl \qt q1r$l crLdlr h iiriL tr1l, u,ri oir .r4 .r'i'r{l ri6tt } q,Lar ,,lqr s,ii li{lctdEir'ri ,nhlqrdr.il riadi {qrq ,{,r "iqt .r.'Ldi {41.

r r ti urq rd rqx{tu\.Iqadl.1 I'rtLd.li {,e,iL ri tatd, .,u,u{ a;l q1ii.r-Li iurr.r u!i. . er nLi .r.t(13,n,tl

i.r i.LLz rL,{i{ {rqi ei r d i'l :,rdl tl,ll,lLJi ,r,Iiirr .rl{tl d rtt r{?urir i.a0rqR {2q ir.rt] lti ]z(LqLt t*(. \,!( lr1iEt Qlqr,{cirdl g&i ,Lr t({t urit .ar.LdLnj flr-t '{cr

rrLl r} rri*r.'.ai ;Jk. lc.\l d,u 1.{.r.i.,{,1 .!rq a-l I].

ro. .1\, t"r'fua q.l.{ingrn \qquizl'I,{urdL{l qaqrdui{ .fua {i (ll1h ,{q1 ati d, ur }rr (lqlrl .(4!i ii {r{l tl3.l 0r{A

aqi ,trdi r,11. ,i) olti-r ii lt dnL arqli qr€mi nL{ xr\1 Elq d. {r,t rirlti,li i€r\,!Lcr0lr .r{lt,,r rri I"{l qqr.i 4iq m1.1 ,{ri,ll u\1 Edh oiqr,ll ai 1t{rltaqL.t itl ,iqRi i,lri O

11. tiartlifl{r,n i qRqq :

iu?.ri'dBr.L( m.r.r '[1qlco{rq,{l qlr .lrrql ,{[iFrd d, ui;i{l z {r{l-11 {.{u[drir:i

al qrd.lrrir{i aQi a.iL qLkh, 1.{i {{i A.{l ,ra.tk{rir,{ [ii{ O. r{r"ri xqad (i.1j,,r.r.tl6rai rL!aLr.1 ALrj

,-iL6r,[t{1,{ ,{ r} , d] ,.i,l,r ll.i ,f, xaLs'r, r{,{ :,,{,rtt r{ {1 ? {€r 4a,.1.1

3{dtl. tLL,rq rli a{l ,

,r,roL.lr114{U Tlqqr(4) 2tq,t'u lr,.,u :

(

ti

{P dl1 1q qt{t r[) ,drrr i], rrqdl qr:i

'ro{[i{ {t[it€ dqi, o1%.r ]].liim !Lti1,

{i!L J.z.lL. dq[, Br,i1 {r.r.1qLr.,t\l.{t {Glai (.{:i d } sq!\i {u\0li qr{ RA {i .rir[jl.rdr rlu,ri i. ri4 \riEll .rr,{ri

{55tr .llq n4 A. tl.r oqL {i1i a rut\,not { {qu,r!,1.1i ,i E . rL. d. ,ii? rtti fu, rr.i ,.rqdlr

rt o&1 qLlir.' A'{ relqL,,l.t.ll 'rlct 6l}rl,ir 4i ,iL e\ruil3iqd idl or.{l ir!, d. 3{rL ar

urrnir{i r{iiird\Ri\ql 1i{ l{d d.(q) rrr,.,rti.di\lq-:

{t iq-lI lqki]ltie *dl Gula :ii. ihq{(i r{I, redi qq !,rrLE lqE.{ .llei.{, ,u"r1|ltil{l riqu'\i p-rllli{i rLri tiirq 1{ d. 6di t, .u{ {:Llad d } ,Ld ,+r a Rq-1 Ji u .r,1i

tul11tli ud lqrlt{ ., ]1!\a Gld{-i qd %u d. ui A,[ z sLt,1olti ixFLo\{it.{l qr,1 tLti i.r(1il\,i o, ,.,-rr_ll ,ti"t \.ii (1.-. r, x\li rui .4 ,8.,!. (rrl L. *4 "r{ 41{: .it1 i("uq,.f " rfu .,q +rl + r z { ar,lli 0"11 i,: u, i .rt1 "i' d . ) .,).

(r) 4r.,r'{l aG,i '

:

1.

1.

4r1, lriq qkd,1 urrq 1[qeq'

d{ll {zdL {e'r 'ir{l, A.{l ,Lo.ron {r A ,rltr q 'rLn,id{ri .J

'{ill o{\r, r zl ,0, {rll qtd Air,ta{i FurL !{ i Y 3O,f r ir .'

Page 38: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

t-

CI,SC vfl?u

ai rQ.q i\r.i..{t irtzi i,[. at.LJrjLr.l ,,ri jcq.u(tltald r{,1L!1!ur],{r {t. !LCir:.

lk.{l .LpLd\i !q A i{r-i. rptol rtt ./l[{ d A{ .{rdhi ,r.{tit :tdi !4nx ./ 1!,{ q{

e r,ll n" -i {r (tLe., \ lal.,ilr.larl 8r { ",tt\trr.$. i %.n %'.,r\ tlU& aerlir, qBIl{ A dqr ec\.i A,{,,l(t,r di{ ,lrt d. ii,ii riiz,l ?; x4ti r} r!,1 i\il(c1rdr.il {orq ';iqr ,{!i d. 4.0 ,lldr\i InspiLrtior (i,-,rr) {dl. o{d{l.j nrl.lc ,{1t11

({.{A d,{ Ai qpl &. ai i'4 % a .0,1(t q{f q! D{ d . ,lI }L+rw Lr.tcr ,h rll€i { :I,{tr/.' . Llq i.u.q 19.

{t.l odi \qr uq0l 1tt4c0-r lYlldl fJcr.i rr,?r-$\r,r u[Uc{:R d. +iaoli.r Svirdlr{4qrd[ ltt\.1i ert ti4 JUr.i qldl 6i4 d qi i&Lie{ 4ruu{ .}."11 {i oJstLlI rr.{rij liL\id A1 itt.l.l.{I,LLdEir ir,i,{ldh dlrqk{i Rt.{l d.

1

.1

E gcra ua)al){rttL,L !i'1i ii{rl(l.1 udi ?

({)t,{.ie (olt) <,rL(tq (,lt).ftr'.l'ol,{till ..r xdrt mq rtd(,;'L)nlcr,:r -. (ulD rLrqq Glt) qcrt"r

--

lrnurl,i,,_9 ctat rg Ed ?

(rli)6\21 (ul1) zrui'rr (dl) nL,anqr

3{ 5{q{ {ti,ai{i g3q,{pir er(i dNii.Lqri Ai"dl0 ?

(ri) i rL-iz ("Ll) "L.ir (di) ru,rc,r

'a1(lo{h.{I'{ {d5 ,lq d i(ol).rLrr (u{i)rurror (dU r{rrr,rlu\,4 r{{rrqr€ \rii 5,{iri qd'{l 6d'r ?

(,,i)*aeqr G{D t,rgr ({) i.L*gro: {r\Lr. tli {r }LLq-r.

(:i) .itheLqL,t (..11) :.0ran ({t)

l. ti0loL Rd"r.u rji r[,,l{ 1Gr1.rdi ?

(i)rcrj1reLrL (c.l) i.tlqr,tr| (i{t)

c. 1!r1!1{r RdLj "tq tr! cd ?

(ri)ii'Lri (41) FPi,.Lr (r,t)

'to. nu{hq \4qk{rR url.t ort 3i.Lr n,t{irLr4t,{i qS

(,i) 6.{. r.,lco,[ i<ro (.ll)({l) 6.r. lELo{t lerq (0)

({l) !,rL?1,1

' (l)t,{.ir

(.I) Ldl(oue

(0) {"?

(JD ,{hiqLrl

(JI) mrLgr

(0) tir-rLzr

(.{D rL'reLn

({0 ,ri{r

r[ tet,r

1{€m

rrql ?

Page 39: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

I

36 rJY?rA xrGcu ( iqaeil uqil) {

11.

13,

{r1.1-i.dnr J{ i9r4i er{i udl ?

(,i) ,r'{{r ia r,ro{pL,{i(it) ro,1L itL{l {enkni{r'1,4 clrhq }d qtillr \rdi ?

(t) ,iiB.a (u{D.uqr

{rtq4 uer rd ,rd ?

(t0 ore ] c! (4I)q,rllq.rti {r.iE.ll i1 ur,1"1i1qqh r,ruLtil e,i,

(.,{l) re'{ {rL.rL ui rnrL.r,li

(ll) le\t i:irL{r d,l ou,i {i.

(rl) "l"ilq {r''Lct (tl) ruL +,r.[

($ ri{a ia{ d t lJki

(t0 orta

dtqdl (lU 6\runq ] GAd

--

("lD a€ ({l)'uqL"rz

j rra, {l t\ L\t e,{i -r...r.ir tr{ udr ?

(ri)ii"Lrho,1qrtr,QrqUr..L (tll)?r,{ll.LlxL,lr,r1,{q'rrlej.{tii.r!i

({l) q!..i{o{, [ii€r{1ol,lldl, \1lLcdl (0).114i, arr?€<{, {.jr!rJri{ri.{l u,{a1ilr6i dr-Il nNrq n3t6i dlq {rr0l r,u.,{.r rr'rlli .{.L.ud[ cl'ia E{.

(.,r) qLaivLr

(ri) tr,{q1.1 oL,1 o1q,{r51L.r

(+ll) +,r+uait ui .r,i:r,r

(u0) {-r\.flcr,.r (r{l) !r,{orrL (.11) rL,r.{lqrqtoLr

({) ,6r(',t r."Llzt{t, ..t{4 ,' ' .rr \. c .l ,rRd".\l

(';d Rr\i rta€ur (ult) Ql4r-+tler{ (i{D ti{}i:a r{irl{1r. rrqa qiru{ nraqaLdri ,118x r,lli tll\ nl'rkl qr,il 'J I

GLt){ir]r (d1) qr.{u,r-0 q.rr (il) rh{"r.( {.\q{l .n-Fl [,], ra ".ltJr +- d4r( 14d11 Iq r. r.a, 1.. )-zr{ y{ -; u'

,o. t.L.r4 \rnrll \rq "l!,\-i q\ r,{ s {lG}d.\iill Gu\j r ?

(ui),r.jt'rdtr{l, trLoiti{l(r[) Usr6idA, Adra,i,lhrld

(.i) lq,r *< ui ialqqhr dRcl(r&) oLr iqh 4i grLrir

(00) Rreri{.1 aLF{RuL, iidtcr,{q[al it($) {3r\d1r{1, t{dr{ ti4.

(o{l) i,iqc ori lq,r(O i.t uri ntirt{ iuE,.Llliqt

3{r .)irri{i iri+{d .Lk{lrlldc1ri dlR 0 ?

(i) Jqti{ltr$L.Lr, q1d'r, $r!5tu.ir{l {(I) 1t\rq,I ncrollrd, errr.ld({i) raLrQ.wLr, a.uret, ,ruto+rd (ll) q.r.{q,tldr, ,i1,i'r, tuqlqt,i'y{iirt\q.{l qq.Lrdki'n reLulir.ri qLqdl nql{rriL rti oiiG: 6fiaai{ {a lL,I ..A.Lt ,ra d ?

(t) ilr5 3or&,ri (o1l) 6'.r +LOer (rli) old!sqPi"/{ ({),i,l,i'tr[,lq-{I ,{q,(d[rir'{ crdlri oi[dr r] I r[i ?

(r)r) (..11) r,1l

ty. {l\ll ,{r"rkil{i { 3id3u4 {r{ {r{ gG.{Ldiltcl h-l RAv$ i{ r} ?

(011) lr{aul ai {Raiq- (0 lr.l"ttlit r{i O,.rlrlq,{.tlt

:t

Page 40: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

I-cPSC'rflarl l7

?,{. uqll.{l qlr.tLdLnil r-r nurrtdh !.lmtdi

(i) q'ltt t (,{l) olqnln t (()'r'it.s'tti l{l{ed ?

(rlD rivu

iE. u\4,{idt-[t.Laqk{ai{ r'r'{l t3t'{li ij(u\) +rL.r-{l ,r.as, 'aoJla

({l) i1u!'il4 la|dlt,ne, ,nure. l(r.{ot.ll,{aqLdtlll{ dlr!{ {i.1'Ls'$24

diGs {Lq{ { ,{N:i d ?

(.{) q,{4 }r$, {d'tr(0) q,{.11 {'di , {'itrt lL

u+6.{i i.r { erL< u{< t} ?

(rt)i"ra.+,l (o)tk,r<ar iquu-0 ct*ll ai 6{t1l'{4 "Lto{l}iL'll

(() 'rLd

(ulU m*rt,iL(tr) rsLr

1,. .llrird'ii nqGtqi, oil,! oFkt{L {tr'l\t,

ru,{.m { aJD,{ qi( d ?

(4D ,11-{r'i

?i iletlr(.tL 'd.tirqta{ ?a qd

'16 d ?

(i) :Jq,r l\ ("lI) *'r+t i\ao. lrrl{lt.r 8r\L i.1t E, tgdi arl1 qqq {'{t%{1

(,;L) ,r..L Lqs (,,{l) {rfl"[:1 ,,r"u.ill *n s',.11{i 1t114 6'{?1 {Ll i, \'!l

(-1) oqpil (t{l)cirqr,{iL

+,1

ta- un4.1l \u.lk&it-ll ]ecll, 6Frr.it 'ilz rlta a6,' 'ecdi'l1 ortt 1t1{' 'itLt'l( i!1qlil {[]' t{t

ii. ,1.1qu{ l .tqi ri'i r[l ea]t d ?

(,tr),n6r,1-i (c.lDsGqti

e3. irqrll.{r{L ljh ui .l+Brll adl

(,i) i{.1, i!ql.(I, 'dDaL, 6'{'1({D ,I{, qr4qjl, {ta nti {rut

iy. ur\ul,ii q4qk[ r,tii{{dild d{.ldt{a'l)t

(!) ,ia'ti (a)qa

(r{t) ,Lr&L'{'rli (11) tl'itr'ia,{.{r",{i d , {na.{I a{Lqr l.{l i ?

(.t) 'r{2.1, !.ilq, rhL, wolt{l(0 qrlt&, !.{q, iial"t, ,r1t

qiq 5tdr reqL 1] d ?

(d \Lii&i (O l*tL'r'tL'ti

($) rdl,tr

({ l1'r.rc{t{

(,lL) rlat ("{I) tlLnt

h{D idd iiArL llqtj rr{l ?

(dl) ,h,{,

(0) XorLI\,r ii

({D ,{'i,lvr

i{{l?t1({l) rLeLd

(.{l) l.LlFl.u.ll

*0 l,ri ildqLr ,ti, tLss'{ll{;i

3q. lLL,lor.tl {dtqlt {l ,t&$Lrl rii'n d ?

("ll) u<r.ua1o h{l) +cl r:rL

iE . rLr,r!1.{I \?rqrdltrJ.-ll +ilril qBqi Z't €h'{ d ?

(n) R'<

.e. {u\q.ll u11G{i Ulc \L,it ,rdi i{i +dt\l'il cqLl iqi 'ir'1

d ?

(r'0 rr.BiNdl (".t) B\.f rqrtdl (dL) Ul'{lt{,[

(4D trm'{,'t (dl) 'Lt-lt.t.rt

t

sz - n+1.11\q,ndll,tiri Ulail a{ 4Lull'ti si {I itdl, (L6nit

'llii ni.{ (ia qldl +dl4l"aat nd d.

("tl) s\[(r er.[ (dl) !{1.[ (0) ,{,.',t4

Page 41: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

(agqail q& ) (

ri.. uL)lrrt.{l qLdl}illi l.ri(r.1i lrg ilr\tn{ d ?

(tr) r{Ln (,r, oiriz, rllq (.,11) qi,r{, "ih.a, r{lq

rr' '(\,. !rn. , ilt ({lr c{1. . rerr , )r.kl7ol !r1q{l \aqrdlniriiqni lli rri.i erit r,.lt rx 4t i.u{ d ?

({)r,.prL ("tt)orti (dt)si6!r1l (lt),j.Lrn{tl. L.{{dtLq {L{.li l{,ir J'-d,{ l,i j6i c,i ?

({U u,1.{ ](ul ielr ('l) .r r-r1 (11) .rtlqt rlyl. qrlr-n r9r\L ]z(L ulL.ll,iqld\i d, qLr\uL'rt o!{ jrr rr,{.lt ri ?

(0 m,r, uRtirr"l I " trti-L {,,1t) -,r ,1r,Q,1 (dt) ,{r{, Fr,{

73. xttqll 'c{uqL[\.11'{i 1r[\1 lier d lri ri-ri c[iu ,{Gi i'r'] d l(rj) oict-r\1{(tt.r ({) crLt\.ll q{r.ie ({l)ora rBr.ie (JD crLFr.[ sr3uL,ie

Y7. i.lt iL.ri {rqL.i-'rri lg qtdr.e,ll E, 111,1.1.{1.{k{qlD,F.d i.{l 0 ?

(,i) ,rLit{ rL:i rrnLv

(i{U g"i[,1 ,t;i !"l i,\ .lal1i.{l rCI D l

("d 6"i1*1 ("r)

7i. !r,Lor1l ,{aqrdi,,ir,1i .... .

(iJ ,i4.LdL a.r ,lljllr(rt1) :L'r:urL rL,l rtts,lr

(.,10 iw rLi i.Lrrtl(11) .,r,{t{q .Li ,rfd.L

({i) "iti r (.{D a'it,r

,ii ...... (6a111,{ iiqLe) .7.11 .rGurrir qLr .iii !e.

(.,[) ,iiLcdl ui .rr,r!ar

(ll) ,ir.rdt r.1 ria.rotl

(qr1r.1,11)

Y€. 'li.!rquhd{l' qr{ t,1ql .{nea rllna.i 6Zr { d.dqr.j 4i { rq.{cti rllliq,u.i d( ,{1+nri,r .Li ;iai gA (.lD urlc{.1E.i ,,1i ir1(t{l)6 unir (Jl).u+.r ui q,t

,. . {r1'il riLdt.il rhdrqi ti: .{(!iL 9{r !iL,{ \rl.i tstn,irr lql d ?

({) tir"ft,rtt (.[)sdt (dL) qlrlq"rvc. rtL'r,r'rL ,rL{lriLc,lq:l.it }qi d ?

(!0,{,iLia

(41 Rhq,.ro.'l{util-1-q,,1l{l' }r-l,t3t6r€id{1,{

(q) lt€{i1,r ,,r:t ltl,i (qI)Qi r,ii!1 . 'irqct{allr{lti.uL, .li tq tt1 r,i d

(r! r,rLalRt (Jt) rLt.lFi:

r{ r,u 1x-j [ii {,t( q{ d ?

{'i) {JGq

q"tlr (dl){i,ni {i aqojd (0) C}r

(r ri,L r (.[) clr (+0) uu ({l) .r3+

Page 42: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

F

:

' CPSC'dlaL t9

(1),1

(r) {l(u)i(ri) a1

(rc) nr

(re) ,i(Y3) dt

(,{o) {

(i) o'((.)"fl(i.) i](rs).{(qo) rl(io) "[(YY) i[(,rt) $

(s) "[ho) t{t(re) {(rv) {t(er),1

(ez) tt(Y,, i[

"fcIto

(t)r{t(rr)rll(rz) ol

{t,i Jl

(:r) rll(3c) ttl(ve) .,11

t

('.1) "[(1r){(rd,,ll(re) dl(s.3)ifl

(xo) {l(te) ;r

(.) 9tt

(is)itl(ro) d(re) u[

('rt).n(Yr) "[

('s) o1

(r:).{I(rl)tl(1a)

"iI (e"r)tI

(vr) o1

('rc) ril

Page 43: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

40 (a1crcfl lrqil )

(s) Eut?trl

'i.{[rq{l .r{idt !:tzaL r!?\{t {fl.,'a'{rirrl.{l )11 iL ir,,.1 l.lrrd{ .{oLld lx{dl

.3.

ulqurdl't $etdl {[&{r,t .,iliir{ ltaqGr :

)r%.r.{ +rQ i1 t.% r'ra 1 . 1i,?{ll!ir'11\i,rqr q-! d ii. !i,r \iz\[n. rl..t., :Gr"rr qrlr \qr.dl1 .t%:r.{l { D.r- rl?rR [e. c,{Jdla ,J%r.{l {.Eaa ic,q- \.. rq.

i.{r.ir d.4qH (r{ i'h rJ'/t t Ec.r.{ u$ itqr ,lt d, r,ri.r,r:to[t ogtrLdi+.ideuL),iDr *-qDr |9Lq.rq i-{i ,.6tril \\1\,11 tLlir}"u rlxlr,.ri q trrrl ur.raq ftrql\al,r rqr'li1ir shrir.i an.q;t srui r;

sr{1\rRqq : qte d{Dnrq :

.{u{rLdh rJ.nrdl rl{i-dl.1t ai[a,{ A.,r.{l xfuh{\ri ,r.n 6.{. rsse 1l dzr dti )rLciLr,li

i1L6lreu .{JLl {rfd{ q,{h ,}rh Esill q,t1i ,tr N,ui 1ca rl,i {imoL rciLo^'{ ,u{i ru{i q6 .r!ei.'.rr,q ar!,r. \r )j. li- {.,qr. -l.q..J ;.,.r[> \q.. Ert (,,{4t ;., ll r a;,.- 4cj- o.\r-ru.1r1; r{1i., tr, y.l,,t+{.i\r {,: i :rirL.- ihri t ...1 ,' I

,\i.1 -1, c ,[u ;1. ,. " .-r "r:rr.-". q,

)",,rLi {zr r rll <,,{i r:L ,r,..l,irl, illdr ,,li ,iil,il s,i( 01,{{n\i :uqiri .1l:r 1,!," .idi.i.r:.n,.,r ,..{l 1 1,.ir'\1,i.,.r. .-r'nn L,.,....I ' , -.*n,- \" .. ... '--!,.1/

"-!,r4 r1r".: n ..r. i -Lt.

" ),r?-llr.1 I{..',, ..1.1.'' c .". ..q !s.

drladdqrdtri \Qau :

€{rill.r ,h d{l}-n.{D.r.qi .L.iqr{ ixlfL, rqtiiqt{,ri qrfu .tL{iia {LqiL!.{ ii-l1rttqrZ dl1i Xtil ii\Lq Si.1{ ,li tlia! {*tl du clltt q.l-{l 6!ri iirti rlar t111{ ourd.rL r.{dtrL d,{Jt:,rt Z S{ ri\I {e(.r'r flofr r(ul'I.e+rrad atlda&{,r :

,,".'i +rFai.d"'..r,w,4 a'.,{'rr,l, r,r',h:q.e- gru ur q,i rr \n, rr..,{laiqL' 1,'.hr. ;\zqlu-, \t. r " [,{\.".[l1 "r,L, L{\1 .., a.:,]u (,,..') a,.,r ,{rli:{1{i\t\,l..e..qiliu.ri\%.t:,.rqrLi,,.lr{t.._tjr.....u....)(.q1'\.ri"{..rr:. 1.. r , .,-', air t. i lJ r,qai,r..i-r,i 11(o){1a r,k:}t:i '{l{{Rx, qqL lqi d. ittn.r ,rirrnsNL,\i /3{i licr.ri itrl dnri r,ri,r r}. ,:s,GrL,I.,q.rqrl,i !.r\i,rqLi..tsr'r.{oil.,..,qlD...tnrle-.r,Lr. elo,r-Ji .)r.,.rLu.4 n q ri. \ i:! qrd ; qii.l /d,i.i.,. r'td, (i.,.!h,

"q re.

r$dc{lldd 6d\ hrai : hLi00r,iqi qgi\or{l $tr' :

ltQlu.{ nadiqi, ,{h.ii ,{r't, i {.ir.ti }{.1r1.r, qltt.ll 4{irir, q.<ar i.usr.r rrlou, oi.rzLqiLdrt 4qqr i.r uL 5h,,i-11 l.z..Ldl Lfucrl riz r?AelL,,lqt qrlii d A,L qrna.{-1l,ar }r,,j

"irtqrii i i.i.{ ""Lqdt.tldl'ri

,j"nt,{laLCuui lL,.r ,rl( r,rLlLni,:* ,A"*. O. ' -.

I

iI!

'i

Page 44: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

GI'SC qflflI ll

iiL

'it

i

rg

'11

i[!r

ir1

.ir,llrqi\,{i {dr-u olGrdi {ruMi,,tl}lr r.i.ri i,r 'Li x{'l!r o{rq{, ?ii..it )rdLrdl

crGl eii[t{ ifQdL \iwL !{q]l !qriL\{l Jlqllt qlLtd, ulLqt,.ll h\{ \ta i\i {4[{L {{l \:.0qidr.li aL!r.{l ,Gi tfdo{ri alA u{i r(cu 4[i{.,{G1\i rqLln:i r\.1 i!!i d ui {Lct "/a.-)r"tLq r{t q.l ,1.1o[r Nar a{1,, -r.uura r}.

!(t rrr.{lriri Rqq xq qi riM{r.0 6d? rr{lt !ro{i}r i,ri {a1-[ d,r.0 {r{.( dl(Ll i.oil,{ €.,{.{ RRtr rii€.ttr aFr"a&l ltdi !u 1Ld{, tqr-l!\r r,ri cNh.0 Uiq qrqlaR{lnir({i 4qrqL {t 1l xho(i h5Rd .{{l{ d. d{ ql+\t{ rttlrJt, ltlqr; ),1r{,1!, RtrLi1cli,tr{qq[, idl rirqirr'{4hi,$r{hi€.I,t{ {r2{ t!]r:i [i{a,!r.{i oie{d.d 4z . \ht.rni{r+i,i lu-t\Ldcr dqt tulllqirtl qz.lRdrlir'{ *lL [ircr.1i1L}.r{ urd {4r.1I ou.r{lQ ,l+;L \Il,{ B.

4L t4(l(1t rtr{l rRd{l o{rqrli !fu fuL{ll sttii {ql%.r nqt\i {r;t . re{rc{,\Rlirh ni\di '1r2,it{ adi .)'ci :t.,{M {41 !r\1 ,u,{ O. {Nqi i {Li z{llq{[ rr_r.0i

r{ rii\ilr{rir la t"ql aL5.{l{ d. riM.r,{ xl{i %,{ A4 \Uq A q,tq d. c1r14.--1j iitll

'i€t 6L: r! -

'q { %18 s q.r.i 11,{ 4 ad,?

q''qLiar 'lJ 1'' r"o, .

.L 1l.dr !,.,1i.,r. -rL,i r

{d-j ,3 ri:r trir{qi iri:) xirardl rLg ii ii{l {{u {r(1l dl,,Bq jt,1 ,iti.t 1 .a,ilt l,,ir€re{ GE ,rr iriD.li .r r,rll.'

illilti 413iq !.-1 qt{ d, l.!:L-li i\-nh..,l di {q.a{ 1l

t\-dii.,{ q{ri r} -

tio{ i{cLr r,{r.r-[ !i di rlu{I,

drou {(!u t{11-1I,

t 1 i {{ ,1iD.{,tt 1irt i,i.idt r ,{li ,I{ {cr d'ttd,i 61tk qllq{,- \1,{ 1!n

iul, ,{l o\rid iL.[Uql iirli{ti idL dL-lLc.rLl r,idi.n iiq'gl;i )1d1\1 ri.1l,. d. ireq ,ir.]l 6irdl A3 d -

'1( \4 &i.1i{di;i uZ,L1sL,t1t.'

l{Lit ii rLr .ri{dL.t $.{ qq qri d i

' r cirlrlo ir,} q$ qri{li 4.d.{l -rLii.,rtqri 1.1.{l 14 , '{) u {l \h c..i. i ii l,r];l {l .id

'"4 nql {E " d, .iE 6iL( 1,

1atil.i(qri ri{ it}, 6iL( l.'

xJet,fl . { '}. i,rL.ll ,i.irs.

rLi ; qr,ir{t d"{l r(14 t!r.1r

i l\ri€,{ ',

ir%

Page 45: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

41 r.iYrd xrG(u (Ad.r4il r!.ill)

l.

,tt'lL 1,

,{.i {{1.n.0l.ll d c{rt,ll.r} qr"l[ d. :1(6rir,ri d]r dle.r d ar,{i i.ll O\,11{l4 r.L{Lll

{z1l:L rid 4rE %. i.r {r{ ir,r or{ii4 a R{q rl d-'t{L\ i"t n'{li .r %6.'

r,rld\ruil-:'tqrrl{c)],lq 11j. _l)r d'hr.

q,r {.1}1* '\.LCtr' .r ho{6 'u4r{ .1r ili q.l qD \ql ir )r %Lq,{ ui(i .r{t. ui i.?.1 ', {u,l orufl riqi ad u ]ri ar11

.L,l Jlqri Erq 0. qt,r-i,l.ii ai ni cir?1.ri 6\11 {r'i d l|i,ini oJA lrrl r,rLr.rqr4 d.

r{rq, oiL\t a!.q{ {al onAr Eq(lti i.{l rLloilr,i{i r,{Fa"{rd rald. i.ii tLr \!:r €l0i.tld]{.11rt d. rtr,{i.tA.{Eqlt {irLn 0{tR:Pui i. ,attr( { tiir!1 'QAis'{ 1i,(r.11 in 6qli-r {1"aq,1. Lldr \,lr eq{-i qz oilLl ri\ia1i 5lr gl rlmLdl {ri qot 1d d. !u iR6{l}ir.;r oJ"riiAl

th,rA {.r \E{IlEci{t q,i l{l d, ar rltdl,r.rLai.d i,?rdU JiM],ir'ri i{i-ll W{i trriBtioli qLqitildlt d rirtld aLi (,ri {1lq 1r5,I }1dl qrqll 0. ,il\ itd orG1il 6,{r-rd ,r,r,tiL1t.,r,lB,l;I \!t ,$!Lii d {i R.irL(oil-l rn t1,ti d. {r{qa .{Lni 'r.t ,l:-rd.Ll .ir{l' ,,il ri.tqLiLl rLr Jrtd{l{rri qhdHi rt{lR-{l r,{[''t {Lii 'lzird.it z,ra,{'!r.l't d.

6 g(lall !91'.1?l

,lr,{r.uL.ir i1r2q (6i €qrr,r ruwLi llL{ {ii 3 5J r} ?

(i'r) {Ltd (ut) Nqr (d){r-ir{,r (:1) {qL,r,r

"ir.1rdJ Ld,1.n'r.rl q.;i &td.rt dL.i{i :r",{.u },lr d+1 \1 !,{rir.lqL ql.r rL\La 1{l 1

(i) GLfirrrr (cll) srq,r.r (tt) r*r,.r (0 olqo..r

i.r,l LDc. r\\r rQt^, i Ji qi 1\ ,1(,1) cu,l.,L {.{).rd{e (rl1) 6{r,r (Jt) orLecL

,h Lr{1.ti "r.t Jd {l.1.1-r 1..ti q,ti udi ?

(ri) 6.n. rwo-qtqiLr( l) 6.{. r'.eeo-ruqqL

t,,{rtrii ./-1 ,{ 6.1\i q,{i o,ir ?

(r'U itttq qLftqr ((1) .6cc.u rc:r€,ulA id q{ qrd(\dl 11t"{i dd ?

(ulU d.n. r,gro-rnrld(0 d.l.rer,e oirq,-L

({l) qg,Lr-iL,e ({) ul5iL,r . rt

($) tria

(0) ,a'rQt!t t

qrlirz (l) dr'{ld:,F,r

(,-r) qr..r (r1D 1cL.L

(41)Brin

LqLlr1{ gqrol1]qi 1tui €dI ?

G]) ,rL,r: . (41) irpft ({l) urqs\klrFldHr 1q \o1 a{RLr ]l{i {4 E{r u(ll ?

(ri) ,r,+iro[r atolr ("1t) ,riucr lor]rJ (r1l) .r,hL,r2

.

l

il.

I

.t

tt

I

i

Page 46: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

GISC,rilar lls. 2.qr1r,ti llrdr-l\dL.t 5,1r ilrLr'iL aror,idqh dd'r ?

("rr)tr.L ("[) r,{h,ir0 (dl):ieL.r

13. 6.reriLq o€uri €qrtlri li J1.{I{11 o{5n .rrqr4 ilqrr ],{M ?

.lL1\qtd .qru1 i.i 18rqi €di ?

) .i s r'r-4-r r"l) .q.l...i /d) "r5r4 rril'(*r q.{rli 3i.ir iiq, qdi Lun-j oL[q tuE cd ?

(r-l) 6.ria.rL ".o(crLd ocorl (4I) ],Llcia{ u.tqRrr({l) $rii{ 6,{rru a€u.iL (ll) .rtqLt.rL ,r[QLcrLcr

6,l9RL1 alEs rl.t qBiL ,idL ?

(r.l ni'v;Ri ("[) i-.rLir.. {dl) .r.nr.

llD ru,r

(it) tr.-rir.t]

a€.i

({l) }ari,t.t

1y. ase. )-{arl,ll €qr{d e{id.ll lr.I {l&Rr-{l }2.{I qr1 qr,rL !11 dJl(o0 rqr-nt,t G0 ) ilt.t ,r,rt (dl) r DLqu r.L

(u) r.-11,{r ("11) ur.+r-r \r olqt-1I-{l a{Bdhtl) tir+r{{

ui.u:{l i{ A{ rqrldt-1

(0) srRai

({U d.r. rz,r:

($ 13 Rtq {,iui't

(0) st

(.0 .ii{lqLd

[!d4L ,'r6{,]L ,h lidi lil

({U q'nl

(.tD x1{t

(.11) ul+qLn'L

{)

I.11)

1\. dl4[z-r ,r,.u,lL !.,u?r1i Zur]r irrl \R.r,L aqi ...,i ?

(,,r) F.{h1 .i,qidliir.i (,t1) tirr {r-,ri)i . t ' .". q| iri -r i. ,u, ,,..t

lq e.1.1.1i \1U dlz{\Lnr\i lLi li\1rli aarlrii .,{i ctdt"ir €.ii ?

("0 "urLt'ri

(dt) ,"ir6'ri ({L)atrrL.ri

eqrnri ri-ll eq'1dl(t 11, {rqli ti}(0 4tll ddl ?

(i) 6.r. rz,rs (.{l)6.a. rzw (r{D 6.u. rz:,r. q...,i I[y j] !. ".1 I . :dri !J a\( .,%. {lr "a ,(i) rr--,I!.!:r d6itr (o{) 1ya61 {"itr ({U leJ,[$s ri"iq

'.4rirt la(ll qd4 q{ qdl rr'"1€ dltll ddl ?

(00 rx ("{D rz ({i) ilro. 6rR.LraL,r'Lr1ir etLr.r{ rr1{o{r.,1l }i.{1 rlq 1{l Edl ?

(i) iaroud GII) rri.L,ud (dl) .r,r.rL.LLtJ

11. lttq,lu t{{,r!ll sqtu,r ?i,llcqli nsrtt

{sAI ndr d ?

(i1) (ql l,idl

(o1) FLto.{uq.1l {{,iA(o1) .nrlL

(.{i),lurl (+{l) .rBrq

e,it ?

(.,fl)a:rR.ir e41 (i0 ol5dre

,Rui.0 {q }zerrfl 6u]- A ?

("ID nq{r (t{I) qrqirai

Page 47: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

IJ ,JYJ.il {,lZ(u (a(({sil u!a)

\qfl.l.u iiQis-r{{r{{ }zrli, \si{ ].r.t tlrttl{ ,ta't'l U3Pl-ti +i't 3i AE q! t} ?

(i]){,irir (otl) hql{ h{i) tqqdnL (l) 1:cr

!.,rRri {+{d ,[l '/,{l.1 tti tu tLd'1| qGJh {rEld lidl'{I 1i\tl\i ]'tll {'irl tiiltl-

l,l.l .t, t] ?

(0).'1i.,.{(i),rqlR.t

3,{. rqril{ ldl Jhnho{r qra d ?

(,i) !tL.\adl olttuR(r{l) ,{ror[ roEh

(,,[) ulatR.r (.,11) .atRr.r

1r. zqrnq;i 4ru{!.1r!1Pil Jl.tLi itqi dt, wt 6I{rR t'{1lt {'lt ICI rnnt'il'1i '!i$L "0'"i d ?

(i) d1'+s{l 3R.1I !u.t {l rRdt (o0) ri*tt 6'ttu'[(,4r c,{lt-\q(d.r.,ri (0) O(,R',?"0

e {tl"R( r{l Ol,\R L\rn{ !li,%qi 4.q{.rl nd,i 4.a9 ,.{ r..e.r'zl I

(i.) i.!. (.1)'r!;.(t11) q(qret{t (ll) rr. Ll

ir.{ri.u.is\rrllJ11ldlon\r€,{tlL{.{l,ttolt{'{it{lo{qa{'LdLi...-\€itrd.(i) ,{p1 ("ll)0t.tl (tt) 'tl!r'{ (0) 2:t

rqrrL{.ll JLl,{l-t ril {1 it< e\q EdI {'r'L ua 1{ da '{]c{l d ?

(,,0 oLuleLr aucr.itL ('11) ri"i"Llcrr jdl(r{l) rlLLucrr ir? (JI) {u-rtqr cir0Lr,rti

olt,.I1{i zrrti-t t J:tri rt.{dtl ]t!tt,l B !(i) n{,1.1r{ ,ll'!r-iL Gtl) '.r.rL

it t.ir (r]U .r.ilo {i tL l'L (.lL) )u?-rlrGf it

i4rlrii ...-... , -.... , . i.ll ri.,rtoi'{iL1ot,iL'ri of'1 ri'LLlrT q,rL'iL B.

(i) auz-ll q{l roqLrqlt, 'rrlttt aLrL rLlui.jrtl\ ,' ,l lrri , .,ra {'di ,!(6. ( \{ {ld 0 {{l ar'i';({) &{ d {ii Fidt:i, i\rr| {;I !i 'iR{ {\,19141

({) ki , ,Li i iq,a, %,ri 1L.{ t!:1 rit4t&L{

L.L:r\-n.fi,,r{r ri;1i1inur r, i(,i) ou.r ",ri Rcuq (.,1U a,t ui aLq (t0 6ltd itnq,{ (0)'{l1a;ixri"L

r.qiri ],ri tL"ir r,{ d ?

(riL) dqi n(q sr"li(11I) {r1 riirL

({D "uqratr du4.a1|

({D {e,{tc* Ol{5t ,{i

.^ rrr ?!) n']r ....1 utq".I}({ (rr{ql t"t'{{{ ,4i !e ?

{ir) I,lqlR (dl) rtrorG,r (dl) adleh ({D u una

(4i) 6.thL (dI ifth({) c{. cle xi,iqJR

Page 48: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

,

GPSC irilqtr ti3e. €qrit.L.{1 rd tl1.ririr{ OFirh rqrrl.t.{I

(a! irc{lcrL, q.adler, taq'1.{lqr(dl) {'!rdl(ll, itqtAl(ll, :r.riiLtc{1qr

39. !.qrtr1 *d el 4!{.t r'iqqr1 9[i d ?

'ril.dd qliqri 6{ttqr4 {{ d, +{l d ?

{u1D {irsdlqr, .iL!.rdt.r, i,{tu{0) udl(iL, rllldl(, -'114.lter

3.. tqRr\ r'li qil tr,{ c"fl i

(t0 t*,ltat (4t) {r.t,tldr (+[) i{l{,t u

(dl) {,1 RRi.t{!r

({) xr'rA

{0 g:t.tlu

(t) ieua

1r1.1,11g'+iL

(ll) ,i<Lqcuu

+li {q1 {i l' t{i wl it{i rqi B ?

(ii) ,^t€"n.{t {ho{A{(rll) q'l{h'il n,L,.rL,.-li oitti-ri

3c. Eqrtu jli i q{l *tlL c.lt ?

(,j0 ,Dtr

(rU r,uL,ri (41) nhur.ri

Gfl) ,iLerq{l.r (l) '.[tq('izo. r,urri ,rqr tf{o riaL.u eqi{ lqr nriJrii thdr{ FLiqlL e{ r} ?

(ri) ,u{{'u (ott) ,ne.{ (r{l) ole.,uoLrL (0.i${yr . r.qr1n-ll q<rl lirLL,t-rL d,<ur.ri o,rdl {itui rd r! ?

(d) uzL{\< uL.,u"r ui rRuqc<or (o1I) rt{5q<<lor ai {di{i(dl) r.,{a .n*lLr lri in i{qLql ({i) {diLq( lri rRrli{tr1rr{l

,i . a4ru.r-ll q.<1o( irraqi .1.rdl {ln it.li 51.{l "L,rm qlq t} ?

:(r'r) .rL!,{ iier.{, zlLl<llcu, tair,lL (o(l) 1.<a1\ti.1!r, o{a,{ir,ti, ,i1lllt,ii"t/{l' . .," | \l-.q."',j.r'u. ,I.q.r..q.

y. EI{rrL,l.[ !Adr.1r z,:r liqriL'r.llq]r.

(,i) 'L &,{i, {hiz a"{i, lirl ,ro{lr

(ull) rlL.{r-ri, cli i1lJ,rLrlL-1, oLro{l{L

(dl) {rl'ttu thql, oG.r {O\pr"r, .tt.tlrir(dt) (\.riLrn{l ,hdr, as{r.ri, \si-,!tt{

yy. aqrtA !{ q riqi {Erq{r dl.L ri ccrni w{li r{'/oruiLlli €lqr d ?

(,,1) rRr.r<<opri ralL,u (.,11) rRrr;..a1 ,Li <,r[}rFL'tL.r

(dL) iR!h,{ ui i{Q(.dii (.O rR5dlqL.,li {dtirqr.t

y\. drln dtll aqrrr r1rL Jidi 0,$ 6ldi d ?

({)t1lri-ctLsrr{ (..11)orcr,:L-i'l.ie (r{l)h.titLiz'rutor

Y( . orGi.LQqq{L t,1. rot ir{i lud d ?

( l) uqt{tI

r

?e. €t{Ld 'F1d d {lL.i Frl.t ii,' '{ r![ d{tJ1,it,' 6}'.{i iq1 \i €rt dui,' '{4e 1lltli :,' '{!]tq

(o{i) nt.riir.,r cr{iroirtur{+-d(U uL'iirp,ui

Page 49: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

46 1.Yrdl rltc{ (agseil u&il)

(, d.(i{l) i.

("i) *.r

("U..[.t

(1) ,,tI

k) ,r(r{ dt(i1){l(rq) rll(:e)0(Y€) {t(\o)',it

96 tiqd{

tC,oV{.

.rdr tti sd {r(,Li.i,{i aq {qg(tlD ri.tcor-6.{. szvg .(.lD ri. rcoe+J.{. rz,1o

sd?

YC. 'qRi'r$t, r.{lr{i 3g lnd d J;i

ii

ii

l-qL?L|iLi % iri AJL Cl,,{i d ?

( U{q

Yqro{)

(rD .{ra

(0) .l11a.|a("{D ,r:r

(dl) "{Gr

({) llld '

(1) dl(c) rt(te)o(rs) {(:o) d(;e) tlt('rv) o1

(.) r[(ro) r[(is) {(rx) o,r

(i1)ifl(.2)o[(Y.{) {

k)d(11) dI(1r)olt(rr) ,,il

(:r) dl(:c) Jl(Ye) n

G)n(1€) a(ro)

"{1(rs) ,'l(sr) i(xt)"11(va){t

(s) .{t

(tr) d(rt){t(iz).t(:,{) a1

(tr)"lt(rc)

"{t

(q) it(11)o[(t<),.1(rr) {L

(03) .S

(xo) 0(vo)

"{l

I

l

I

i

t

Page 50: GPSC Study Material વિભાગ = ૧

GPSC qiiell11

(. ) dld{rli$iu \idtdl {? q{dl i.l11Ldl nt{4,1l rhru.tt ri{\ri }tlu:.i riidr.lt i{r\d,11tp ,{ d.

{r{l {:i i-11\u1.i r{q q.ni-1.111 tlBilq 04q\iq.1.{r!i 1a1d. i{ }%orq.1Fl1.1€d. {{1,(PtE, i1(.1;r161{qii dlal x"r'lt %.r{rq.{l l-rd rct|.Ld ijqt qr.{l.r,Jdl Aii q.R r!L$ q,l.ir1r,,r{ qlt \t1h, {R d.rqqr {,rd A ri.uo i, d. xr.Il 4r \RlFttiri il(rtol Osr4tila(l5 q,[i.!1rir, uLu.{i %1qu{L.i]r .rii 5i.{t{ d{14i, !?r'r[lu]r, anLqir di{cj .ir{r.l qE rrtqir1\i tiq,r({, uL{r[i, lk{r{ xLq.{ q\i. F1qL0{ a,r-fl qrL rri! ru€rt, 14 -0r0t { .11i,{1.

i{El $ Aoie ai ixerq olE dlx ond l1t(nr. {1.[[ qRf&la.d ]z(r, liiri, orr{iii 6n,{x\ni.lL 6L dl, A,r{,{1dr4 Jrd{ 1q.rri drr rr.rluqlnL tirJlli iii!1 lt.1( srL{ i{. i.u\1"i" q{lr\i.{.tiii c.'4i L { q .1. oro, .1).n !11 u.r\ d 'r ,r{L 0. r. ,',.

nun:n rLdr{ d el{'r?\ ,h d . d.x. le lo {l 6.{. lez c)i ,ldr€uL.ri eq 1{0r rLLr{d Aair 6r(.1Lni arlE {rh{ "dr.1r €dr. 1r;r{l Aril ;{tA{ €dr. rr{-ill g{r{l .r{rd{r nI!\udl U 0(rLq1A1,r-l {rgoq.l 4q{{ c!i. su. {q ol[}d.i i1':1r'.0&r la1 .tli. iioir 44.{lArr qh"r,{rrl-lr lra{ull ui4 a\ q$ ar.l} ihdl,ri LRct ruqr d rl rt.x. ioi1,1i irci qllF/.<i(.l[ z[iqL {?tni gr{t 1;&q oHrt ,rd. .!o:l r' a\rt{ ii(lt o{il.n y..r1d i+a,-lGtrsr ri a"trd't rta r{.

ii,l,i 1rr, .{r., r[J{r, Iiittr, m.ro{{ad{i, i..r,,{.1i,{i, ou{r, {r.lt1ir,r.Q (1,,1iie. ( rL:.r.{ri i:,r.,1 lirq e\r-id ir.i,l, rrdr.lL.rL,r ifi,ii rJl ri ior ,{Glril {.i ilri ,r,u,ri iJ1[iL"Lir

-,.r,,, r.r rr.1, i,..riq.!-r,tq .L q1r1 . , 1n.. I r,fli.nrqq Jl.{r {: ,iL,HL.l 3ti tli tt.l\ uA 'J ail ia;Lt,l &.{l rui i U{t€{ {i n.i ii1!:ti.ir rli-,Lr :uqlt d-

i 1(1{'llLor[i,rdl )rort ,1"1 ,l|ltlrttdf{ ,I1.!:!4 ii(olc].l.,lt nti rr4,1 ,it{l i-.IL; x,_,r lLaI:LiNr\r\id,'tr,rxr(t-it1ti,{'1r{1t.{.ieal.|tq.{,,i(1r&"elotxi;rxqlixr&L11di

n.fl-..;r,l]c,o.. i 1t,LL, .ldr.l .ea. ; d\ll\r{'4 11 . r,ir ... .l

d. i,rQr ; or.uuitl ,{e] e',{i d. (1) 'uRi qru d Urr.iL, '1D !L4ii er{.;ii, (1) 'qli ict iorLf r,'L.il, ,rQ.rLi ,{r.:[ I lql,' (3) '{,1 tr.rFrlr t ",r.r r.ir, A:i q"D 11 ri;i' (y) 'e.1(0 I diu{it?r iudr .[q.j orLqu 5,{dl ?' (\) 'all}d (} i ,{i3t-[ qLl di i{q rid ru!-lur1,' (() '1r,{r id{{l 1\ .1 r0i, ri iD i 6\r{,, (,5) 'ar.la ,ira !3 luldl lRM tid.{ tqt q,ili "aLrt}di \e.r i.

lldui \ei.{l o{,u tzl 11i ,ri.r d. ,i.{i rtrlrdrfir i, F11L.,l! d. erkclirn{i.r-q 1-,.%r :r:r,...{!r:..',lJ,{i, "..rt (:}r ; r,r r,e..r.r"

(t) rri{r ltag .tr ot3 '.|,j1, \LEII \tut oi{;i I,

rli.{-t rttotut .Q ourt i t,ita i\'akui l,(l) rtqu rL.e hurd, rlD su-urur,

tR OnL ?v-ll eQ e'1,{ {l€rL r1{,(s) '?,1 ,L\ril oLBtlt, 'ic rlql.il l,

dq Rd "/,rd.i {uL, {l iiqLri 1.

11.{1it thdr'ir GL,{R Jldi ,Id1rL\r qdl{ .d4un 5lq rr'?[,1.