Al-Anjal National Schools (American Division)

2nd Semester – Study Guide

Science - Grade 4

Chapter 1. Classifying Plants and Animals

Lesson 1. What are the building blocks of life? S.B pages 7 - 9

What Cells Are A cell is the smallest part of a living thing. All living things are made of cells. Some living things are made of just one cell (like bacteria). Most living things have

many cells (like humans). Most cells are very small. They are hard to see . Scientists use microscopes to

study cells. A microscope is a tool. It makes things look larger than they are.

Cells Working Together A plant or animal can have many cells. Different kinds of cells do different kinds of work. Groups of the same cells make up tissues.

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Types of cells:

1. Animal cells

2. Plant cells

Since plants make their own food but animals do not, their cells are not exactly the same. Plant cells have extra parts that animal cells do not.

Parts of the animal and plant cells:

Like animal cells, plant cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus.

1. Cell wall: It is a part of a plant cell that animal cells do not have.The cell wall is outside the cell membrane. It helps support and protect the

cell.

2. Chloroplast: special parts in plant cells that trap the Sun’s energy. The plant needsthis energy to make food. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.

3. Cell membrane: is the cell’s outer border. It separates the cell from its environment. It also controls what substances move into or out of the cell.

4. Cytoplasm: a gel-like substance that contains the things that the cell needs and it holds the parts of the cell in place.

5. Nucleus: is the control center for the cell. It controls all the activities happening inside the cell.

Lesson 2. How are living things grouped? S.B pages 10 - 13

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We plants don’t have bones like you! But we have cell walls to keep

us protected and standing strong.

Classification putting things into groups

Classification System groups made by scientists by putting similar organisms together to study them easily

The world has over a million kinds of organisms. Scientists use a classification system to identify, compare, and

study them. This system sorts organisms into different groups. All organisms in a group are the same in some way.

KingdomsA kingdom is the largest classification group. Many scientists classify organisms into six kingdoms.

Scientists look at: 1. How many cells and cell parts an organism has. 2. Where an organism lives 3. How it gets food

All animals belong to one kingdom. All plants belong to another kingdom.

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6 Kingdoms of living things

1. Animal's Kingdom: Animals are made of many cells. They liveon land or in water. Animals eat plants or other animals

2. Plant's Kingdom: Plants are made of many cells. Most plants live on land. They use the Sun’s energy to make their own food.

3. Fungi Kingdom: Fungi are mostly made of many cells.Fungi live on land. They get food from other living or nonliving things. Mushrooms

are fungi.

4. Protists Kingdom: They live in water and damp places. Somemake their own food.

5. Ancient bacteria Kingdom: They have only one cell. They also make their own food.

6. True bacteria Kingdom: They have one cell. Some make their own food.

Scientists divide kingdoms into smaller and smaller groups.

- Reproduce The process that produces babies, young animals, or new plants.

Offspring The young of a person, animal, or plant.

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KingdomGenus

Species

Largest group of classification

Smallest group of classification

Lesson 3. How are plants classified? S.B pages 14 - 17

- One way biologists classify plants is by how they move food and water.

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Plants are classified in two main groups:

1. Vascular plants:- These are plants which have

tubes to carry the water and food to all the parts of the plant.

- They can grow very tall.

2. Non-vascular plants: - These are plants which don't

have tubes.

- They can only pass food and water from one cell to another.

- They are short because they don't have tubes to carry the water and

food to all its parts.- They live next to water, and they grow closely next to one another.

- Names of some non-vascular plants: liverworts, hornworts,

mosses and ferns.

Lesson 3. How are animals classified? S.B pages 18 - 25

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- Vertebrates: there are 5 classes of vertebrates

1. Mammals: - Give birth - Use lungs to

breathe - Warm-blooded - Have hair or fur

2. Birds: - Lay eggs - Have feathers

-Use lungs to breathe - Warm blooded

3. Fish: - Lay eggs - Live in water - Cold-blooded - Use gills to breathe

4. Amphibians: - Lay eggs - Live in both land and water - Have both lungs and gills to breathe

- Cold-blooded

5. Reptiles: - Lay eggs - Use lungs to breathe - Cold-blooded - Some live on water and

some on live on land

- Invertebrates: 2 main classes of invertebrates

are

1. Arthropods: - Largest group of

invertebrates - Have jointed legs - Body divided into

parts

2. Mollusks: - Have soft bodies - Some have shells

to protect them and some do not.

The Animal Kingdom is divided into 2 groups:

1. Vertebrates: animals that have a backbone.

2. Invertebrates: animals that do not have a backbone.

Teacher: Nadine

Head of Department: M.AlZaidat