-
fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h' fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h'
fuu mdvu bf.kSfuka Tng r" ld,h yd f.h inkaO .eg i`oSug r yd ld,h
we;=%;dj ;;amrhg gr folla ne.ska f' tu w.h A isg B olajd fudag r:h
p,kh jQ f.h f,i yekah yels h'
p,kh jk h jia;=jla kEu tAll ld,hla ;=< .uka lrk r m%udKh ksh;
w.hla jk wjia:djl tu jia;=j tAldldr f.fhka p,kh f hehs lshkq ,ef'
;j o" tfia tall ld,hl .uka lrk r m%udKhg f.h hehs lshkq ,ef' fuu
mdvu ;=< ka bhg i,lkq ,nkafka tAldldr f.fhka p,kh jk jia;+ka
ms
-
fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h' fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h'
ksoiqk 3
mehg lsf,dagr 60l tAldldr f.fhka wf.S ud.hl .uka .kakd fudag
r:hlg lsf,dagr 150l rla .uka lsug .; jk ld,h .Kkh lrkak'
.; jk ld,h = r f.h
= =
ksoiqk 4
uyd ud.fha .uka .kakd h;=remehl f.udkfha 36 kmh1 f,i fkdfjkia j
i|yka ;sh tu h;=remeh ;;amr 5la ;=< .uka l< r m%udKh fldmuK
o@
fuys f.h mehg lsf,dagrj,ska we;' th ;;amrhg gj,g yrjd .ksuq' f.h
36 kmh1 neka meh 1l hk r = 36 km = 36 1000 m kuq;a meh 1 = ;;amr 60
60 ;;amr 60 60l hk r = 36 1000 m
;;amr 1l hk r = h;=remeh ;;amrhl .uka l< r = 10 m ;;amr 5l
.uka l< r = 10 5 m = 50 m ksoiqk 5
mehg lsf,dagr 60l tAldldr f.fhka .uka .kakd gr 75la . hlg ix{d
l=`Mkla miq lsug .; jk ld,h fldmuK o@
75 m
l=`Mk yuq jk g l=`Mk miq l< g
75 m
ix l=K miq lsf h .uka l< r = 75 mm
-
fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h' fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h'
uOHl f.h
idudkH uyd ud.j, .uka .kakd jdykj,g tlu f.hla mj;ajd .; fkdyels
h' fujeks wjia:dj, uOHl f.h ms
-
fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h' fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h'
5
A
B
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
10 15 20 25 30
ld,h ^;;amr&
r ^
m&
800
35 40
lD;s%u pkasldj .uka l< uq r .; jQ ld,fhka fnfuka pkasldj .uka
l< f.h .Kkh l< yels h'
pkasldj p,kh jk f.h
fuys AB fLdf wkql%uKh 500 30025 15
kuq;a pkasldj f wjia:df tAldldr f.fhka .uka lrk ksid" kE u tAll
ld,hl .uka lrk r u.ska o pkasldf f.h ,ef'
tA wkqj m%ia;drfha wkql%uKh yd pkasldj p,kh jQ f.fha ixLHd;aul
w.h iudk jk nj Tng kslaIKh lsug yels f' f wkqj" tAldldr f.fhka p,kh
jk jia;=jla i|yd r-ld, m%ia;drh f,i ir, fLdjla ,efnk w;r" tu ir,
fLdf wkql%uKh u.ska f.h ,ef'
r-ld, m%ia;drhl wkql%uKh = p,kh jk jia;=f f.h
ksoiqk 1
ksu,a ;u md mefhka ;=frl=f.a ksfjig f.dia tys u`o f,djla / isg"
kej; ;u ksfjig wdmiq meu oelau i|yd wk ,o r-ld, m%ia;drhla my;
oelaf' m%ia;drh weiqfrka"
^i& ksu,a ;=rdf.a ksfji lrd .uka l< f.h ^ii& ;=rdf.a
ksfjfia isg wdmiq me f.h .Kkh lrkak'
40
A
BC
D
0
2
6
4
8
10
12
10 6020 30
50 70 80
ld,h ^ks;a;=&
r ^km&
by; m%ia;drh wkqj" ksu,af.a ksfjfia isg ;=rdf.a ksfjig we;s r =
6 km
ksu,ag tu r .uka lsug .; jQ ld,h = ks;a;= 30 =
ksu,a ;=rdf.a ksfji lrd mdmefhka .uka l< f.h =
= r fkdfjkiaj we;af;a ksu,a ;=rdf.a ksjfia /` is ld,fha h' ksu,a
;=rdf.a ksfjfia / ish ld,h = ks;a;= 20
ksu,ag ;=rdf.a ksfjfia isg wdmiq meug .; jQ ld,h = ks;a;= 20
=
ksu,a wdmiq me f.h =
=
48 49
-
fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h' fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h'
22'2 wNHdih
1' wf.S ud.hl tAldldr f.fhka .uka .kakd fudagr:hla .uka l< r
yd tA i|yd .; jQ ld,h my; j.=f oelaf'
ld,h ^meh& 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
r ^lsf,dagr& 0 60 120 180 240 300 360
^i& by; f;dr;=re weiqfrka r-ld, m%ia;drhla w`kak' ^ii&
m%ia;drfha wkql%uKh fidhkak' ^iii& tkhska fudagr:h .uka .;a f.h
.Kkh lrkak'2' p,kh jk jia;=jl ld,h yd r fjkia u my; j.=f oelaf'
ld,h ^s& 0 2 4 6 8 10 r ^m& 0 6 12 18 24 30
^i& by; f;dr;=re weiqfrka r-ld, m%ia;drhla w`kak' ^ii&
m%ia;drfha wkql%uKh fidhkak'
^iii& tkhska jia;=j p,kh jk f.h .Kkh lrkak'3' u.S m%jdyk nia
r:hla .uk wdrNfha isg tAldldr f.hlska meh 2la ;=<
lsf,dagr 60la .uka lrhs' bka miq meh 2la ;=< lsf,dagr 40la
.uka lr .ukdka;hg %;djlska hq;= j .,d tkafka hehs lshkq ,ef' ;j o
fuys ,efnk tu ksh; w.hg lrdufhka c,h .,d taf YS>%;dj hehs lshkq
,ef'ld,h ;;amrj,skq;a" c, mudj ,Sgrj,skq;a ukskq ,nk g"
YS>%;dfjys tAll jkqfha ;;amrhg ,Sgr (ls1) h'
,Sgr 1000l Od;djla we;s gexlshla tAldldr j c,h .,d tk k
-
fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h' fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h'
bkaOk .,d tk YS>%;dj = .,d tk bkaOk m%udKh .; jQ ld,h
=
=
ksoiqk 2
>kldN yeve;s .Dyia: j;=r gexlshl . g 2la o m%;dfjka bkaOk .,d
tk k,hlska ysia gexlshla msru i|yd .; jQ ld,h ks;a;= 40ls' gexlsfha
Od;dj fidhkak'
52 53
-
fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h' fkdf,a fnod yeu i`oyd h'
idrdxYh
f.h = jia;=j p,kh jQ r
jia;=j p,kh jQ ld,h
fjkia jQ mudj mudj fjkia f YS>%;dj = .; jQ ld,h
Y% wNHdih
1' yrialv j.M,h j.gr 0'5la jQ is,skavrdldr j;=r gexlshla tAldldr
iS>%;dfjka c,h msg lrk k
