Grammar and usage

Verb-ed form

Verb-ed phrases

Verb-ing and verb-ed used as

adjectives

Verb-ed formVerb-ed form

Verb-ed form can be used like an adjecti

ve or an adverb in a sentence serving as

( 充当 ) attribute( 定语 ), predicative( 表语 ) and object complement( 宾语补足语 ) When the verb-ed form is used as a

n attribute, it can be changed into an att

ributive clause.

The verb-ed form can also be used as an

adverb modifying( 修饰 ) some verbs suc

h as stand, sit, lie … etc. to show the two

actions happening at the same time.

Please identify the parts of speech( 词性 ) o

f the verb-ed form in different sentences.1) The handwritten notes are from jack.

2) The kidnappers were using a stolen car.

3) A dark-haired man went into the room.adjective

4) The cake was left untouched on the table.

5) The girl lay trapped under the wreckage

( 船舶残骸 ). adverb

1. attribute( 定语 )1) A single verb-ed can appear before a

noun modifying the noun like an adjective. It can be changed into an attributive clause.

We should drink boiled water.

We should drink water which has been boiled.

The functions of verb-ed form

They took the injured woman to the

nearby hospital at once.

They took the woman who was

injured to the nearby hospital at once.

2) Generally speaking( 一般说来 ), the verb-ed form of transitive verbs( 及物动词 ) expresses passive meanings while the verb-ed form of intransitive verbs( 不及物动词 ) expresses active and past meanings. Some verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings, such as escaped, retired and fallen.

the escaped criminal 　逃犯 past

the developed countries 　发达国家 past

a widely used language passivethe retired scientist pastthe highly praised scientist passive

fallen leaves 落叶 past

the risen sun 　升起的太阳 past

the exploited classes 被剥削阶级 passive

3) A verb-ed phrase can appear after a

noun to modify the noun like an

attributive clause does.

The name mentioned in the letter

was unknown to me.The name which was mentioned in

the letter was unknown to me.

The firemen were trying to rescue the

people trapped in the fire.

The firemen were trying to rescue the

people who were trapped in the fire.

Scientific experiments carried out by

students without the teacher’s

instructions can be dangerous.Scientific experiments which are

carried out by……

a. The ____________ ( 手写的 )notes are from

Jack.

b. The kidnappers were using a______

( 偷来的 ) car.

c. We should drink _______( 煮沸的 )water.

d. They took the ________ ( 受伤的 )woman to

the nearby hospital at once.

stolen

handwritten

boiledinjured

Fill in the blanks using verb-ed forms.

Can you change them into attributive clauses?

消防员在营救那些被困在火里的人。The firemen were rescuing the people

trapped in the fire.

The firemen were rescuing the people

who were trapped in the fire.

试用两种句式翻译下面的句子。

a so-called professor

homemade pizza

a well-accepted idea

a highly-respected professor

a well-paid job

一个所谓的教授自制的比萨饼广泛接受的想法

极受尊重的教授报酬颇丰的工作

underdeveloped regions 不发达地区handmade furniture 手工制作的家具

4) A verb-ed can be part of a compound( 复合词 ) with an adverb or a noun before it.

5) A verb-ed can also be used as a non-res

trictive attribute ( 非限定性定语 ) whic

h is separated from the noun it modifie

s by a comma( 逗号 ).The books, written by Lu Xun, are

popular with many Chinese people.

The books, which were written by Lu

Xun, are popular with many Chinese

people.

The meeting, attended by one thousand

students, was a success.

The meeting, which was attended by one

thousand students, was a success.

2. predicative ( 表语 ) It can be put after

some link-verbs ( 系动词 ) such as: be, s

eem, appear, look, sound, feel, remain, s

tay, become…

1) Edison became interested in science

when he was very young.

2) The little boy was very excited when

he heard that he could go to the party.

3. Object complement ( 宾语补足语 ) It ca

n be used after some verbs such as: see,

hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel,

make, leave, keep …

1) As he knows little English, he finds it

difficult to make himself understood.2) I had my hair cut yesterday.

3) She found the door locked.

4. A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.The girl lay in bed lost in thought.

The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.

Key for Exercise A :

(1) disappointed (2) puzzled (3) excited

(4) thrilled (5) interested (6) bored

Key for Exercise B:

2. The problems created by cloning will

soon be clear.

3. We don’t want beasts produced by scientists to replace us one day.

4. The technology used is amazing.

5. The only thing needed is just a cell from

your old pet.

A verb-ed phrase is actually a verb-ed fo

llowed by an object or /and adverbial. T

he verb-ed phrases can be used as the ad

verbial( 状语 ) to express the time, the r

eason and condition

The usage of verb-ed phrases

1. A verb-ed phrase can be a verb-ed on its own. It can also be followed by an object and/or adverbial.1) She left the restaurant, disappointed.

2) She left the restaurant, disappointed with

the bad service.

3) Heated, water changes into steam.

4) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured.

5) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured in the car accident.

2. Passive verb-ed phrases can express time,

reason and condition. We can use adver

bial clauses( 状语从句 ) to rewrite the ph

rases.1) time

Seen from the hill, the park looks very

beautiful.When the park is seen from the hill, it

looks very beautiful.

When completed, the museum will be

open to the public.

When it is completed, the museum will

be open to the public.

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.

2) reasonFrightened by the thunder and lightning in

the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in

her own room.Because she was frightened by the thunder

and lightning in the night, the girl did not

dare sleep alone in her own room.Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in

front of him.Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran

into the car in front of him.

3) condition

Given more time, we could do it much better.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.

Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.

(= If she was compared with other professors...)

3. Understood subject ( 逻辑主语 )1) The understood subject is usually the

same as the subject of the main

clause. (refer to the above sentences)

2) When verb-ed is used as adverbial( 状语 ) or predicative( 表语 ), its understoo

d subject is the subject of the main sente

nce. 例如：She became discouraged at the news.

3) 动词 -ed 形式作定语时 , 它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。The first textbooks written for teaching

English as a foreign language came out

in the 16th century.4) verb-ed 形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语

补足语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语 , 它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle

chain.(trapped 的逻辑主语是句子的宾语 fingers)

The valuable vase was found stolen.

(stolen 的逻辑主语是句子的主语 vase)

We got home only to find the whole house

turned upside down. Thieves obviously had

broken in.( turned up side down 的逻辑主语是句子的宾语house)

The cake was left __________( 没有动 )

on the table.

The girl lay in bed ____ ( 陷入 ) in thou

ght.

The boy sat at the table _________

( 埋头于 ) in his homework.

untouched

lost

buried

Key to Exercise A

2. Encouraged by her teachers, Suzie did

well at school.3. Inspired by his grandfather, the child

wrote more poems.

4. Bored by the game, the dog will not

play any more.

1. People have always been

_________(interesting/ interested) in

finding out about world records.

2. Jack went to visit the two brothers and

found that their knowledge

________(amazing/amazed).

Choose the correct answer.

interested

amazing

3. After being told several times, Mr. Smith

still felt _______(puzzled/ puzzling).

4. The film “Pearl Harbor” is really

________(exciting/excited).

5. His response to the question was quite

____________(disappointed/

disappointing).

puzzled

exciting

disappointing

Fill in the blanks with the correct form

of the verb for the conversation.

Yes, Dad. I’m

totally______

(burn) out.

Why? What

have you

been doing?

Hi, Linda, you look _____

(tire).tired burnt

That’s ____________(disappoint). I think you’ll be (please) _______ when it’s finished.

disappointing

pleased

But I still have plenty

of work to do. School

is too __________

(challenge)

challenging

I’ve been doing my homework all day. I’m getting very______ (bore) with it.

bored

Don’t worry. Just think of how _______ (relax) you’ll be when it’s finished.

When do you think

you’ll finish your

homework?

In about two hours,

I think.

relaxed

P49 A B

1.prove

vt. 证明 ,

证实

prove sth.prove thatprove oneself (to be) +adj./n.

He proved himself to be a

great scientist.

link-

v.

prove (to be) +adj.The method proved to be effective.prove (to be)+adj.+ n.He proved a successful manager.prove to be + n.

2. figure

figure

1) n. 身材The girl has a good figure.

2) [C]n. 画像，数字，图表

He has an income of six figure.

他有六位数的收入。The figure on Page 22 shows a political map of Africa.

第 22 页的插图是非洲的政区图。

figure3) 认为，考虑，计算

I figure it like this.

figure out

come to understand, calculate

I’ve never been able to figure him out.

Have you figured out how much the holiday

will cost?

3. the other day

the other day

all the day

day after day

day and night

不久前某天整天日复一日日日夜夜

day by day 逐日

4. match

match

1) vt. 使较量，使比赛 (against/with) match one’s strength with that of

another 与另一人较量2) vt. 敌得上，比得上

No one can match him in singing.

3) vt. 和……相配，和……相称The picture matches the story.

match 多指大小 , 色调 , 形状 , 性质方面的搭配suit 多指合乎需要 , 口味 , 性格 , 条件 , 地位等fit 多指大小 , 形状合适1) We must find carpets that’ll ______the

curtains.2) The new coat ____ me well.

3) No one can ______ her in knowledge of

classical music.

4) He ______ his speech to his audience.

match

fits

match

suited

5. behave

behave

1) vi. 举动，举止，表现 The new fighters behaved bravely

under fire.新战士在炮火下表现得很勇敢。

2) vt. 使举止规矩Behave yourself ！规矩点！

behavior n. 举止，行为be on one’s good behavior

举止规矩，行为检点

6. cautiouscautious adj. 细心的，谨慎的The students are cautious not to make any

mistakes in spelling.

学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免发生错误。be cautious of…＝

look out for 留心，谨防

7. judgement

judgement

1) [C/U]n. 审判，判决The judgement is against her.

那项判决对她不利。2) [U]n. 判断力

a man of weak judgement判断力差的人

3) [C]n. 意见，看法，评价In my judgement, we should

accept his offer.

依我看 , 我们应接受他的建议。

pass judgement on/upon…

“ 对……下判决；判断”make a judgement on…

对……作出判断in sb’s judgement

依某人看来

8. upset

upset

1) adj. 难受的，不安的，心烦的I know you are upset that they are leaving.我知道他们要走你很难受。

2) vt. 使心烦，使难受Tell me first what has upset you so much.先告诉我，什么使你这样心烦。

upset

3) vt. 打翻，打乱，打破If the mine goes off, it will upset

our whole battle plan.

如果这颗地雷爆炸，就会打乱我们整个作战计划。

9. cost

cost

1) n. 成本，费用reduce the production cost降低生产成本the cost of living 生活费用

2) n. 代价at all costs 不惜任何代价at the cost of… 以……为代价

3) vt. 使失去 ( 生命 ,健康等 )His carelessness cost him his life.

高考链接It is a challenging profession. (P49)[ 考点 ] challenging adj. 具有挑战性的。其

名词形式为 challenge ，挑战，质疑。[ 考例 ] Finding information in today’s worl

d is easy. The _____ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. ( 天津 2006)

A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge

[ 点拨 ] 选 C 。句意为：在当今世界找到信息很容易，难题 (challenge) 在于你如何判断你获取的信息是否有用。ability能力； competition 比赛，竞争；knowledge知识。

即时训练1. They sat still in the room ____.

A. drawing the curtains

B. with the curtains drawing

C. with the curtains drawn

D. with the curtains being drawn

C

2. _____, the old man had no money to

buy even a bus ticket.

A. His wallet being stolen

B. His wallet stealing

C. His wallet stolen

D. With his wallet stolen

D

3. Friendship is like money: easier

made than _____ .

A. kept B. to be kept

C. keeping D. being kept

A

4. Unless ____ to speak, you should

remain silent at the conference.

A. invited B. inviting

C. being invited D. having invited

A

5. Though ____ money, his parents

managed to send him to university.

A. lacked B. lacking of

C. lacking D. lacked in

C

6. With a lot of difficult problems ____,

the newly-elected president is having

a hard time.

A. settled B. settling

C. to settle D. being settled

C

7. The lady said she would buy a gift for

her daughter with the _____.

A. 20 dollars remained

B. 20 dollars to remain

C. remained 20 dollars

D. remaining 20 dollars

A

Revise what we learned in this class

and prepare for the checking.

Homework