Grammar & vocabularyGrammar & vocabulary

• 1 、 He left for South American that summer, never ________ .

• returned B. returning C. would return D. to return

• D 本句用不定式结构表达，这里用“ only/never to V” 的简单句式来表达结果。例如：He worked very hard , only to fail again. 他努力了，结果还是失败。其他几种形式都没有表达结果的含义，排除。

• 2 、 A new technique ________ , the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.

• A. working out B. having worked out C. having been worked out D. to have been worked out

• C 新技术已经发明出来了，不是将要发明出来，这里使用分词结构，故 D 项错误。由于动词 work out和 technique 是逻辑动宾关系，故此处只能使用过去分词的独立结构，即 A new technique worked out ，或者使用被动语态的现在分词结构，即 A new technique having worked out, 故 C 为答案。

• 3 、 We still had great fun while watching some good-looking birds _______ “wild strangers”.

• A. called B. calls C. calling D. call

• A 本句中 _______ “wild strangers” 是 birds 的后置定语，因为 wild strangers 是人这样叫的。因此与 birds 是被动关系，故用过去分词 called 表被动。 calling 表主动，排除。而 calls 和 call 这里是谓语动词，不符合非谓语动词的语法要求。

• 4 、 She came _________ as soon as she saw me.

• A. having cried B. to be crying C. crying D. to have been crying

• C 英语中用现在分词表示表示日常生活中的动作如“ stand , sit , lie” 等同时伴随的动作，例如” lie reading” 而表示” come , go ” 等同时伴随的动作，也用类似表达，例如”come running( 跑着来 ) go flying （飞过去）”等。 本句就是此种表达。

• 5 、 The problem ________ pollution requires the immediate attention by government leaders as well as scientists and environments.

• A. resulting from B. resulted from C. resulting by D. resulted in

• A result in 表示“导致…… .”;result from 表示“由…… . 导致”；这里用过去分词作后置定语修饰 problem ，两个短语的正确形式分别为： resulted in by 和 resulting from ， A 为答案。

• 6 、 He stared at me as if_______ me for the first time.

• A. to see B seeing C. to have seen D. being seen

• B 居中 as if 引导的是方式状语，首先能够确定是“他看见我”是主动形式，排除 D 。而不定式和现在分词的一个重要的区别就是前者表示将来，后者表示说话当时的情况故选 B 。

• 7 、 Don’t get your schedule ________; stay with us in this class.

• A. to change B. changing C. changed D. changed

• DGet 后接复合宾语时，宾语补足语既可以用分词来充当，也可由动词不定式，但含义不同。当现在分词作宾语时，表示该动作持续进行；过去分词作宾语时，表示动作被完成；当动词不定式作宾补时，该不定式必须带 to 。而且当物作宾语时，作宾补的动词不定式需用被动语态。这里 schedule 和 change 之间是被动关系。

• 8 、 Students _________ in the examination shall be punished.

• A. caught cheating B. caught being cheated C. caught to cheat D. caught cheated

• A 被抓用过去分词 caught ，而 cheat 是不及物动词，用现代分词表主动。

• 9 、 I quite understand _________ to discuss the matter before so many people.

• A. you not want B. you to not want C. not your wanting D. your not wanting

• D 此处用动名词的复合结构，物主代词是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。表否定时 not 置于动名词前。

• 10 、 Jason ________ up a textile mill near the upper reaches.

• A. objected to set B. objected setting C. opposed to set D. objected to setting

• D 固定搭配 object to doing sth

11.---- I usually go there by train. ---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?A. to try going 　 B. 　 trying to go　 C. 　 to try and go 　 D. 　 try going

答案： D. why not 后面接不带 to 的不定式，因此选 D 。

• 12. Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.

A. learn 　 B. to learn 　 C. learned 　 D. learning

• 答案： B. make 后接不带 to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时， to 不可省略。

• 13.Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

A. never to drive 　 B. to never driver 　 C. never driving 　 D. never drive

• 答案： A 。 warn sb. to do sth. 的否定形式为 warn sb. not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词 never.

• 14. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ， but his mother told him ____.

A. not to 　　 B. not to do 　　 C. not do it 　 D. do not to

• 答案： A 。 not to 为 not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用 to 这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词 do 后应有宾语，因此也 B ， D 不对。

• 15.The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. have written 　 B. to be written 　 C. being written 　 D. written

• 答案 D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which was written

• 16.What's the language ____ in Germany?

A. speaking 　 　 B. spoken 　　 C. be spoken 　 　 D. to speak

• 答案 B. 主语 language 与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。 spoken ，在句中作定语，修饰主语 language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。

• 17._______, liquids can be changed into gases.

A. Heating 　 B. To be heated 　 C. Heated 　 D. Heat

• 答案 C. 本题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选 C 。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated ，…

• 18.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

A. sit 　 B. sit on 　 C. be seat 　 D. be sat on

• 答案： B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于 " 形容词 + 动词不定式 " 结构的末尾。

• 19._____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.

A. Followed 　 B. Followed by 　 C. Being followed 　 D. Having been followed

• 答案 B. Napoleon 与 follow 之间有被动的含义。 being followed 除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行 之意。 followed by （被…跟随）。

• 20.Charles Babbage is generally considered 　 ___ the first computer.

A. to invent 　 B. inventing 　 C. to have invented 　 D. having invented

• 答案： C. 一般没有 consider+ 宾语 +be 以外不定式的结构，也没有 consider+ 宾语 +doing 的结构，排除 A 、 B 、 D 。 consider 用动词 be 以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选 C 。

• 21. In the course of a day, students do far more than just ______classes.

• A attend B to attend C attended D attending

• 选 A than 引导状语从句，从句结构应和主句结构相同 ,do more than 后常接不带 to 的不定式。

• 22.I’d rather read than watch TV ;the programs seem ____all the time.

• A to get worse B to be getting worse

• C to have got worse D getting worse

• 选 B seem 后跟带 to 的不定式； all the time 表示一直，要用进行时。

• 23. They are considering ____before the princes go up.

• A of buying the house B buying the house

• C with buying the house D to buy the house

• 选 B consider + noun/ v+ing

• 24.What’s the use ___?

• A to try B trying C having tried D you trying

• 选 B 句型 It is no use doing sth.

• 25.I don’t like you ____ late for work.

• A to be always coming B to always come

• C be always come D to be come always

• 选 A always + v-ing 表示强烈的感情，在此表厌恶。

• 26.Traffic accidents show a tendency _____ in number.

• A to grow B to have grown C to be grown D grow

• 选 A tendency to do sth grow 作不及物动词，不能用被动

• 27.I don’t require ___ of my faults a thousand times.

• A to be reminded B to be reminding

• C being reminded D having been reminded

• 选 A require 后可接不定式和动名词形式，当 require 之后要用被动语态时，如用不定式，要用被动形态；如用动名词则只需主动语态。

• 28. I woke up in the night and found we had water ____ through the ceiling.

• A drip B dripping C being dripped D dripped

• 选 B drip 是不及物动词，没有被动态，只能用 dripping

• 29. Pure hydrogen burns because it combines very easily with free oxygen ,water ____by the reaction.

• A having been formed B being formed

• C to be formed D is formed

• 选 B water 是产生于 reaction 因此用被动 ，同时这个阶段是伴随主句产生的，所以用动名词形式表示伴随。

• 30._____ ,we may perhaps look forward to better weather.

• A Spring having now come

• B Spring has come now

• C Spring is now coming

• D The spring being come

• 选 A 因为句子的下半句是明确的主句，所以空白部分一定不可能是独立的句子，而是句子的原因状语，所以选 A 。

• 31. The doctor recommends me ____on a strict diet.

• A. to go B. going C. I should goD. go

• A. recommend 可跟两种动词非限定形式，其结构分别为 recommend sb. to do sth. 和recommend doing sth. 具有类似用法的还有allow, permit, forbid, advise, encourage 等动词。

• 32. Weather____, we’ll go for an outing.

• A. being permitted B. permitted、

• C. permitting D. permits

• C. weather permitting 是一个独立主格结构。

• 33. In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman____ the Nobel Prize for Literature.

• A. receiving B. received C. who receives D. to receive

• D. 名词词组 the first + noun 的后置定语不使用 -ing 分词，而必须使用不定式。

• 34. ____, he can now only watch TV at home.

• A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match

• B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match

• C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match

• D Not obtained a ticket for the match

• C. –ing 分词的否定形式 not 必须置于前面； -ing 的完成时形式表示动作先后次序。

• 35. The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel____.

• A. to stay B. is to stay

• C. to stay at D. is for staying

• C. 不定式分句前面可直接加 wh- 词； stay是一个不及物动词，须加介词 at.

• 36. John regretted ______ to the meeting last week.

• A. not going • B. not to go • C. not having been going• D. not to be going• A. regret doing sth. 表示后悔 / 遗憾已经做

过的事；– ing 分词的否定形式 not 必须置于前面

• 37. Professor Johnson is said____ some significant advance in his research in the past year.

• A. having made B. making C. to have made D. to make

• C. is said to do sth. ；用不定式的完成时表示过去意义

• 38. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ____ by the police each time.

• A. had been captured B. being always captured

• C. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured

• C. 句子中的不定式作结果状语 , only to 通常表示不良结果。

• 39. The project, _____by the end of 200S ，will expand the city‘s telephone network to cover 1 ， 000 ， 000 users.

• A. accomplished B. being accomplished

• C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished

• C. to do 可表示将来； by the end of 200S,& will, 表明为将来时。

• 40. Paul was lying on the lawn, his hands____ under his head.

• A. were crossing B. were crossedC. crossing D. crossed

• D. 后半句是一个由 -ed 构成的独立主格结构。