GRAMMAR & VOCABULARYGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY … · 2019. 3. 12. · GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY STUDIES DİLKO Yayınları 8 PRONOUNS 2. Object Pronouns (Nesne Zamirleri) Tanım: Nesne durumundaki

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GRAMMARPRONOUNS .......................................................................................................... 7TESTS ................................................................................................................... 12

TENSES................................................................................................................. 16TESTS ................................................................................................................... 22

MODALS ................................................................................................................ 26TESTS ................................................................................................................... 30

PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE ....................................................................................... 34TESTS ................................................................................................................... 40

CONJUNCTIONS .................................................................................................. 44TESTS ................................................................................................................... 52

RELATIVE CLAUSES ........................................................................................... 56TESTS ................................................................................................................... 62

GERUND & INFINITIVE & PARTICIPLE .............................................................. 66TESTS ................................................................................................................... 74

NOUN CLAUSES .................................................................................................. 78TESTS ................................................................................................................... 82

IF & WISH CLAUSES ............................................................................................ 86TESTS ................................................................................................................... 90

ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS .................................................................................. 94TESTS ................................................................................................................... 98

DETERMINERS .................................................................................................... 102TESTS ................................................................................................................... 106

PREPOSITIONS ................................................................................................... 110TESTS ................................................................................................................... 121

VOCABULARYSESSION 1 ............................................................................................................ 127SESSION 2 ............................................................................................................ 135SESSION 3 ............................................................................................................ 143SESSION 4 ............................................................................................................ 151SESSION 5 ............................................................................................................ 159SESSION 6 ............................................................................................................ 167SESSION 7 ............................................................................................................ 175SESSION 8 ............................................................................................................ 183SESSION 9 ............................................................................................................ 191SESSION 10 .......................................................................................................... 199

VOCABULARY TESTS ......................................................................................... 208

DENEME SINAVI ................................................................................................... 231

ANSWER KEY ...................................................................................................... 252

CONTENTS

7DİLKO Yayınları GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY STUDIES

PRONOUNS

PRONOUNS (Zamirler)

Subject Pronouns(Özne Zamirleri)

Object Pronouns(Nesne Zamirleri)

Possessive Adjectives

(İyelik Sıfatları)

Possessive Pronouns

(İyelik Zamirleri)

Refl exive Pronouns

(Dönüşlü Zamirler)

Iyouhesheit

weyouthey

Dikkat:Bu zamirlerden sonra fi il gelir.

meyouhimherit

usyou

them

Dikkat:Genellikle fi il’den ya da preposition’dan sonra gelirler.

some of themmany of usone of youa little of it

myyourhisheritsouryourtheir

Dikkat:Bu sıfatlardan sonra isim gelir.

my schoolour teacher

mineyours

hishersits

oursyourstheirs

Dikkat:Bu zamirlerden sonra isim gelmez.

Mine is better.Yours is worse.

a colleague of minea friend of hers

myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself

ourselvesyourselvesthemselves

Dikkat:Bu zamirlerden sonra isim gelmez.

1. Subject Pronouns (Özne Zamirleri)

Tanım: Öznenin yerine kullanılır ve eylemi yapan kişiyi / şeyi anlatırlar.

• Some university students fail to fi nd a job after graduation since they are not qualifi ed enough. • Since she liked to cook and travel, Anne took a job as a chef on a ship.

Dikkat: ‘You’ ve ‘they’ zamirleri bazen genelleme yapmak için de kullanılabilir.

• “Even a fool is counted wise when he holds his peace”, they say.• If you receive a message reporting that the antivirus software on a computer is out-of-date,

you must update it as soon as possible.

Dikkat: Ülke, şehir, gemi ve bayrak isimleri yerine bazen ‘she’ zamiri ( VEYA ‘her, hers, herself’ )kullanılabilir.

• Russia is important since she has got massive resources on the Earth; she has been through various types of governments in her history and has always survived.

PRONOUNS

8GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY STUDIES DİLKO Yayınları

P R O N O U N S

2. Object Pronouns (Nesne Zamirleri)

Tanım: Nesne durumundaki ismin yerini alır ve bir fi ilden sonra getirilirler.

• My friend told me not to purchase a GPS unit because I had already had an iPhone.• Parrots are able to form strong bonds with humans so it can be very traumatic and stressful for

them to be sold to another family.

3. Possessive Adjectives (İyelik Sıfatları)

Tanım: İyelik sıfatları sahiplik anlatır ve ardından mutlaka bir isimle kullanılırlar.

• Because my sister was worried about their children, she persuaded her husband not to work abroad.

• Nothing should deter you if you want to realize your dreams and stick to your beliefs.

4. Possessive Pronouns (İyelik Zamirleri)

Tanım: İyelik sıfatları gibi iyelik zamirleri de sahiplik anlatır ancak ardından isim almaz, tek başına kullanılırlar.

• You can come with me or stay; the choice is yours.• I brought my toys and they brought theirs.

Dikkat: Belirli bir kelime sırası gerektiren ‘double possessive’ yapısında ‘possessive pronoun’ veya iyelik bildiren -’s eki almış bir isim kullanılır.

• A customer of ours demands refund for a washing machine he bought a month ago.• Two project works of my classmates’ / theirs haven’t been accepted by our instructor as they

have missed the deadline for them.

Dikkat: ‘One of …’ şeklinde başlayan yapılar ‘object pronoun’ ile kullanılır.

• The engineering company which I work for plans to make an employee redundant from his job so one of us won’t be working there next week.

• There were three people in charge of doing the accounts of the local charity and members accuse one of them about the budget defi cit.

5. Refl exive Pronouns (Dönüşlü Kişi Zamirleri)

Tanım: Eylemi yapanla (özne) eylemden etkilenen (nesne) aynıysa ‘refl exive pronouns’ kullanılır.

• Over a short period of time, it is easy to free yourself from stresses and tensions of life.• To achieve a goal, a person should have confi dence in himself.

Dikkat: Bir ‘refl exive pronoun’ hem özneyi hem de nesneyi niteleyebilir. Özneyi nitelediğinde yeri cümle içinde değişebilir, nesneyi nitelediğinde ise nesneden hemen sonra getirilir.

• Parents themselves wanted to have a talk with the headmaster. (Veliler okul müdürüyle bizzat kendileri görüşmek istediler.)


P R O N O U N S

• I would like to talk to the manager himself about a rise in my salary. (Maaşıma zam yapılması hakkında müdürün bizzat kendisiyle konuşmak istiyorum.)• Most of the people don’t care for the money itself but for the opportunities, possibilities and

freedom it can offer.

Dikkat: Bir işi kendi başımıza, yardımsız (alone, without help) yaptığımızı anlatmak için ‘by + refl exive pronoun’ kullanılır.

• The biggest mistake of my brother’s was his trying to solve all his fi nancial problems by himself. (= on his own)

• My mum said she needed me to go to the shopping mall with her to buy an ironing board because it was just too big and heavy for her to carry by herself. (= on her own)

Dikkat: Özne ‘one’ ise ‘refl exive pronoun’ olarak ‘oneself’ (bazen ‘himself’) kullanılır.

• One mustn’t blame oneself for the things beyond control. * VEYA himself

Dikkat: Bazı fi iller (‘help, enjoy, behave’) ‘refl exive pronoun’ ile sıklıkla kullanılır.

• The students were told to behave themselves while their teacher was away. (‘behave themselves’: … uslu durmaları)• Help yourself to sugar please.• The party was great. We enjoyed ourselves.

6. Indefi nite Pronouns (Belgisiz Zamirler)

Tanım: Yerlerini tuttukları isimleri belirgin bir şekilde belirtmeyen zamirlere belgisiz zamirler denir.

Person

Somebody / someone

Everybody / everyone

Nobody / no one

Anybody / anyone

Thing

Something

Everything

Nothing

Anything

Place

Somewhere

Everywhere

Nowhere

Anywhere

• Everyone should learn basic fi rst aid techniques since you never know when you might need them.

• I think we need someone to help us with carrying these logs. • I am sure you have a good taste in decoration so anything you choose will be just OK for me.• It was good to see that nothing had changed in my hometown since my last visit in 1992. • My neighbourhood was a bit too loud, so I decided to move somewhere quieter.• You have already spent fi ve hours watching TV. I think it is better to concentrate on something

more useful.• Anyone can learn a foreign language with time and effort.• Everybody needs a change and time off occasionally, whether it’s for an hour, a day, or a

week. • My fl at is being painted and I have nowhere to stay. Do you mind if I stay at yours for a day or

two?

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1. Bald Eagles will eat dead animals. ---- will even steal food from ---- birds like crows and gulls.

A) They / otherB) Theirs / anotherC) Them / otherD) Those / themE) They / all

2. Banks use the money that ---- customers deposit to lend to people to buy new houses, cars or other things.

A) theirsB) theyC) themD) theirE) others

3. In the United States, we use the dollar as ---- currency but people in different parts of the world have ---- money or simply use ours.

A) our / oursB) ours / theirC) us / each other’sD) their / themselvesE) our / their own

4. Green products are often those made from recycled materials or ---- that are safe to throw out in the trash.

A) theseB) one’sC) the onesD) oneE) this

5. Every year, some tourists come to see the giant redwood trees in California. ---- just like to drive along the long road around the woods and enjoy the view.

A) OthersB) AnotherC) All otherD) The otherE) One another

6. Russia is the largest country in the world and ---- covers an area of 17.100.000 km2. Also, ---- unique landscape makes it a go-to place for adventurers.

A) she / itselfB) it / itC) its / ownD) it / itsE) its / its

7. There are seventeen different kinds of penguins but none of ---- can fl y as they have tiny wings in the shape of fl ippers.

A) theirB) eachC) themD) itsE) theirs

8. I ---- told Bill what you have done, so stop blaming Neil for it.

A) meB) myC) mineD) himE) myself

9. Spiders are very interesting animals. Some spin silk webs to catch and eat prey, while ---- attack their prey.

A) othersB) anotherC) otherD) each otherE) the others

10. Most snakes or venomous animals will only bite if they think ---- are in danger but ---- are harmless and they will only try to scare you away.

A) themselves / allB) them / manyC) their / othersD) they / mostE) they / each

TEST 1 PRONOUNS



11. Maria is a huge fan of travelling and she keeps sending me pictures from ---- she goes or of ---- she is amazed by.

A) somewhere / somethingB) everywhere / nothingC) nowhere / anythingD) anywhere / nothingE) everywhere / anything

12. I was going to bring my umbrella to the beach but I also asked Bella to bring ---- as mine is too small.

A) himB) himselfC) herselfD) hersE) his

13. Horace Lawson Hunley invented the submarine. ---- fi rst prototype trapped seven sailors underwater and killed ---- all.

A) His / themB) That of / themC) Him / theyD) Hers / theirsE) Their / them

14. Prudence has always been praised for ---- effi ciency. “---- should value the wisdom of prudence.” says a well-known proverb.

A) its / ThoseB) their / ThoseC) its / OneD) it / OneE) that / Ones

15. The target group was studied by the professor ---- to be able to see the immediate results with his own eyes.

A) himselfB) his ownC) himD) hersE) themselves

16. I ---- told my mother that I had lied to her about going to school the other day because I didn’t want to deceive her anymore.

A) herselfB) my ownC) mineD) her ownE) myself

17. I passed the street in a state of shock as I saw dead bodies lying on the street ---- after the terrorist attack in the city centre.

A) each otherB) one after anotherC) the othersD) one anotherE) another

18. The old man said “Heaven should be ---- on earth; all these amazing natural wonders are examples of it according to my belief.”

A) anywhereB) everywhereC) somethingD) somewhereE) everything

19. “Don’t forget ---- lunch,” said my mother as I left home. How was I supposed to know I would never see ---- again?

A) my / herB) your / mineC) your / herD) my / himE) yours / you

20. Our special abilities have allowed ---- to change ---- world dramatically and even change our planet.

A) their / ourB) us / themC) them / theirD) our / usE) us / our

P R O N O U N S T E S T 2


DETERMINERS

QUANTIFIERS (Miktar İfadeleri)

A. COUNTABLE NOUNS (Sayılabilen ve çoğul isimlerle kullanılabilen miktar ifadeleri)

Miktar İfadeleri Çoğul İsim Çoğul Fiil

several (birkaç)

many (birçok)

a few (birkaç)

few (çok az)

plenty of (çok)

some (birkaç)

a number of (birkaç)

a lot of (çok)

lots of (çok)

most (çoğu)

a good many (çok sayıda)

a great many (çok sayıda)

a big number of (çok sayıda)

a great number of (çok sayıda)

a small number of (az sayıda)

people

men

students

countries

cities

groups

issues

customers

sheep

fi sh

girls

boys

cars

teachers

books

are+ have were

• There are a lot of / lots of / plenty of old books in this library.• I have many friends working for that company.• I have read a few articles on the pollution issue.• She did so well in the exam that I found few mistakes.• Only a few students attended the class, so I had to cancel it.• There were too many guests at home, so I couldn’t study last night.• We have found several coins buried in the soil.• Some people are not aware of the risk of misusing drugs.• The politicians gave a great many promises but never kept them.• Most parents deserve to be praised for their patience.

Dikkat: Çoğul miktar ifadelerinin fi illeri her zaman çoğuldur.

• Many students have not handed in their assignments yet. (has not ...)• Some books were censored by the government last year. (was ... ) • Most of the cities in Anatolia date back to the early civilisation period. (dates back)• Plenty of protestors have been taken into custody in the last three hours. (has been)

DETERMINERS



11. The principal presented ---- the graduates with a diploma and the families watched the ceremony proudly.

A) someB) every C) few ofD) whole ofE) each of

12. You have ---- tasks that you need to complete this morning which are assigned by the manager himself.

A) a fewB) a lotC) some ofD) eachE) neither

13. Mike has been sending his resume to ---- different companies for a long time but he hasn’t got a job yet.

A) much ofB) the number ofC) a great dealD) a number ofE) whole

14. You couldn’t have seen John and me there because ---- of us was in Boston at that time.

A) bothB) eachC) neitherD) someE) all

15. ---- world’s fi rst television weather chart was ---- broadcast in Britain on November 11, 1936.

A) The / aB) --- / ---C) The / theD) The / ---E) --- / a

16. The manager and his partner are in their offi ces and ---- them are planning to work late today.

A) neitherB) both ofC) some ofD) few ofE) all

17. I can’t believe Barry has eaten the ---- cake yesterday. I made it for Mary’s birthday.

A) wholeB) allC) eachD) bothE) many

18. I have one textbook for ---- the classes that I have this term, so it is very heavy and impractical.

A) eachB) wholeC) bothD) allE) many

19. You received ---- phone calls this morning. The messages were ---- noted and left on your desk.

A) several / allB) few / someC) many of / eachD) a lot / eitherE) every / both

20. I need ---- time to talk to you right now. It’s really important and urgent. It won’t take long.

A) a lotB) some ofC) noneD) a littleE) much

D E T E R M I N E R S T E S T 2


V O C A B U L A R Y / S E S S I O N 1

H. Complete the sentences using the words listed below. (You don’t need to use all the words.)

magnifi cent jack safe maintain magnet

magic

idle

target

lack

vague

miracle

wet

task

script

welfare

What’s worse than having a fl at tyre on a rainy day when you’re to catch an important appointment?Changing the wheel is already a diffi cult enough ________________ but what if your ________________ is ________________ and of no use at all? At times like this, people usually expect a ________________ to happen but nothing happens. You just step out of the car and start waiting on the ________________ road for somebody to come and help you. If you have an engine problem and you ________________ enough knowledge about how to ________________ a car, then you’re in real trouble. Things like that can always happen and even your ________________ car is no guarantee for a ________________ travelling.

I. Complete the sentences using the words listed below. (You don’t need to use all the words.)

jail register mad obey path

refi ne

tax

regard

pearl

save

illuminate

tactful

major

tale

reinforce

There is a mistaken belief that a person who has gone to ________________ will have a chance to________________ his bad attitudes and get rid of his / her unlawful tendencies. This is hardly true because prisons just ________________ criminal feelings and that’s why many ex-prisoners turn to crime sooner or later. On the other hand, law is sometimes inadequate to ________________ some ________________ cases like ________________ evasion. A few ________________ remarks can sometimes be enough to ________________ somebody from going into prison or paying a huge amount of fi ne. Or if somebody is on the wrong ________________ of life, he can easily make up a ________________ about the reasons that have led him to crime and this is usually enough for most judges to ________________ him as not guilty.

J. Complete the sentences using the words listed below. (You don’t need to use all the words.)

main sacred sail satellite ill-mannered

peak

pattern

sake

wheat

savage

scratch

tail

scar

sample

peel

People from different regions usually have different behaviour ________________ due to cultural differences. For example, in our culture it is considered ________________ to remain seated when an old lady or a man is standing by you, whereas Eskimos kill even their own parents on the ________________ of a mountain when they are over a certain age. This is not because they are ________________ people but they believe the dead will fi nd a new life in a newborn baby’s soul. We sometimes kill some animals like cows, sheep, etc. for the ________________ of God but in India, for instance, cows are ________________ animals and they can walk freely in the streets even in heavy traffi c wagging their ________________.


1. adjust : ayarlamak, uydurmak2. administer : yönetmek, idare etmek3. admire : hayran olmak, takdir etmek4. admission : içeri alma, kabul, giriş5. adolescence : ergenlik6. adopt : benimsemek, evlat edinmek7. adore : çok sevmek, tapmak8. adorn : süslemek9. adultery : zina, eşini aldatma10. advance : ilerleme, ilerlemek11. advertise : reklamını yapmak12. beast : canavar, hayvan, kaba

kimse13. beat : dövmek, vurmak, vuruş14. beforehand : önceden, peşinen15. beg : yalvarmak, dilenmek16. behave : davranmak17. bend : eğilmek, bükmek, bükülmek18. benefi t : yarar, fayda, faydalanmak19. circulate : sürümde olmak, dolaşmak20. circumstance : durum, koşul, şart, hal21. claim : iddia, iddia etmek, ileri

sürmek, talep etmek22. clap : alkış, alkışlamak, el

çırpmak23. clarify : aydınlatmak24. clay : kil25. client : müşteri, müvekkil, iş sahibi26. cliff : sarp kayalık27. climate : iklim28. climax : doruk noktası29. cloak : pelerin30. clockwise : saat yönünde31. clown : palyaço, soytarılık etmek32. coach : şehirlerarası otobüs,

antrenör33. coal : kömür34. coarse : adi, ucuz35. coffi n : tabut36. coherence : birbirini tutma, tutarlık,

uyum37. defi nite : belirli, kesin38. delay : gecikme, geciktirmek39. delete : çizmek, silmek40. deliberate : kasıtlı, kasten41. delicate : ince, hassas, narin

42. delicious : lezzetli43. delight : haz, zevk, zevk vermek44. deliver : teslim etmek, dağıtmak45. demand : talep, istek, talep etmek46. demolish : yıkmak, yerle bir etmek47. demonstrate : göstermek, açıklamak48. dense : sık, yoğun49. deny : inkar etmek50 depart : yola çıkmak, ayrılmak51. emotion : duygu, his52. emphasize : vurgulamak53. empire : imparatorluk54. employ : çalıştırmak, istihdam etmek55. enable : mümkün kılmak56. enchant : hayran etmek, büyülemek57. enclose : zarfa koymak, ilişikte

göndermek58. encounter : rastlamak, karşılaşmak59. encourage : cesaret vermek, teşvik

etmek60. fl ora : bitkiler, bitki örtüsü61. fauna : hayvan topluluğu62. favour : iyilik, destek, desteklemek63. fear : korku, korkmak64. feast : ziyafet, ziyafet vermek65. feather : kuş tüyü66. feature : özellik, yüz hattı,67. fed up : bıkkın, bıkmak68. fee : ücret, harç69. generous : cömert70. genius : deha, dahi71. get rid of : kurtulmak, başından atmak72. genuine : hakiki, gerçek73. germ : mikrop74. gesture : (el, kol, baş) hareketleri, 75. happen : meydana gelmek, olmak76. harden : sertleşmek, katılaşmak77. harm : zarar, zarar vermek78. harmony : uyum, ahenk79. harvest : hasat, hasat zamanı, ürün80. haste : acele, telaş81. improve : geliştirmek, iyileşmek82. incident : olay83. include : içermek84. income : gelir85. indeed : doğrusu, aslında


V O C A B U L A R Y / S E S S I O N 9

I. Matching.

1. vivid ________________ a) pirinç (metal)2. suck ________________ b) kök3. surgery ________________ c) banliyö, d›ş mahalle, varoş4. root ________________ d) emmek5. volume ________________ e) çağ›rmak, emirle davet etmek; yap›lmas› için resmen

emir vermek6. wolf ________________ f) muayenehane; cerrahl›k; ameliyat7. brass ________________ g) üçgen8. summon ________________ h) canl›, parlak9. triangle ________________ i) hacim; cilt, kitap; ses yüksekliği derecesi10. suburb ________________ j) kurt11. subtract ________________ k) boya; boyamak12. dull ________________ l) ç›karmak13. dye ________________ m) k›vr›m, viraj; eğilmek, bükülmek14. out of date ________________ n) mat; belirsiz; s›k›c›15. more or less ________________ o) kükremek16. expense ________________ p) kan›tlamak17. lottery ________________ q) gururlu18. roar ________________ r) piyango19. prove ________________ s) bugünkü, yürürlükte olan; ak›m20. current ________________ t) gider, harcama21. proud ________________ u) hemen hemen, neredeyse22. curve ________________ v) modas› geçmiş

J. Phrasal verbs with “FALL”

Read the sample sentences and try to guess the meaning of each phrasal verb, then match them with the correct defi nitions.

1. Doctors sometimes fall back on old cures.2. We knew that the number of overseas students would fall off drastically.3. Where this plan falls down is on the small amount of time it allows for possible delays.4. It fell to John to direct the President to his new offi ce.5. Tom and Jane have fallen out with each other over the education of their children.

Defi nitions:

a. to have an argument and stop being friendly : ________________b. to use when there is failure or lack of other means : ________________c. to fail, be weak or not correct : ________________d. to become less in quality, amount, etc., decrease : ________________e. to have the responsibility of something : ________________


1. attempt : girişim, kalkışmak2. attend : katılmak3. attract : cezbetmek, cazip gelmek4. attribute : atfetmek, dayandırmak5. auction : açık artırma, müzayede6. audience : seyirci7. available : mevcut, kullanılabilir,

elverişli8. avalanche : çığ9. average : ortalama, ortalamasını

almak10. aviation : havacılık11. avoid : sakınmak, kaçınmak12. award : ödül, ödül vermek13. aware : farkında, haberdar14. awkward : beceriksiz, sakar15. breakdown : bozulma16. breathe : nefes almak17. breed : soy, doğurmak, yavrulamak18. bribe : rüşvet, rüşvet vermek19. brief : kısa, öz, bilgi vermek20. brilliant : muhteşem, harika, parlak21. broad : geniş22. broadcast : yayın, yayımlamak23. bruise : bere, yara, yaralanmak24. brutal : vahşi, acımasız,25. budget : bütçe, bütçe yapmak26. bulk : cüsse, hacim, kütle27. bump : tümsek, çarpmak,

çarpışmak28. burden : yük, sorumluluk, yüklemek29. burst : patlak, patlamak30. bury : gömmek31. convict : mahkum, hükümlü32. convince : ikna etmek33. cope : baş etmek, başa çıkmak34. copper : bakır35. corporate : kurumsal, şirkete ait36. corpse : ceset37. correlate : ilişkilendirmek38. correspond : haberleşmek, yazışmak,

tekabül etmek39. cottage : kulübe, kır evi40. cough : öksürük, öksürmek

41. counsel : tavsiye etmek42. count on : güvenmek43. counter : tezgah, karşı44. disease : hastalık45. disgrace : rezalet, utanç46. disguise : kılık değiştirmek47. dismiss : işten atmak, kovmak48. dispatch : göndermek, yollamak49. dispense : dağıtmak50. display : sergilemek51. dispose : atmak, elden çıkarmak52. dispute : tartışmak, çekişmek53. disrupt : bozmak54. distance : ara, mesafe55. distinct : belirgin, açık56. distinguish : ayırmak, ayırt etmek57. expire : süresi dolmak58. extinguish : söndürmek (ateş, vb.)59. explode : patlamak60. exploit : sömürmek, istismar etmek61. explore : keşfetmek, bulmak62. expose : maruz bırakmak, maruz

kalmak63. extend : genişletmek, uzatmak64. extinct : soyu tükenmiş65. extraordinary : sıradışı66. eyesight : görüş, görüş uzaklığı67. former : daha önceki68. fortnight : iki hafta, on dört gün69. forthcoming : gelecek, yaklaşan70. fortunate : sanslı, kısmetli71. frame : çerçeve, çerçevelemek72. found : kurmak, tesis etmek73. fraction : kesir, bölüm, kısım74. frank : içten, samimi75. freckle : çil, çillenmek76. frontier : sınır, hudut77. grin : sırıtmak, pis pis gülmek78. groan : inlemek, sızlanmak79. grumble : homurdanmak, söylenmek80. guess : tahmin, tahmin etmek81. guilty : suçlu82. hesitate : duraksamak, tereddüt

etmek

VOCABULARY SESSION 10


V O C A B U L A R Y / S E S S I O N 1 0

J. Complete the defi nitions using the words given in the box.

available

trim

voyage

swear

brilliant

worth

avalanche

urgent

corporate

aviation

broad

wreath

dispute

brutal

dispatch

swallow

purpose

dispense

exploit

triumph

rule

issue

rub

wrap

sweat

ruin

suspend

1. Someone who is ________________is cruel and violent.2. A ________________ is a disagreement or quarrel between people or groups.3. If something is ________________, you are able to use it or obtain it.4. ________________ is the operation and production of aircraft.5. If something is ________________ a particular amount of money, it can be sold for that amount.6. Something that is ________________ needs to be dealt with as soon as possible.7. An ________________ is an important problem or subject that people are discussing or arguing

about.8. ________________ means owned or shared by all the members of a group or organisation.9. An ________________ is a large mass of snow that falls down the side of a mountain.10. If you ________________ something, you cause it to go from your mouth down into your stomach.11. If something is ________________ from a high place, it is hanging from that place.12. A ________________ is an arrangement of fl owers and leaves, usually in the shape of a circle,

which is put onto a grave as a sign of remembrance for the dead person.13. ________________ is the salty colourless liquid which comes through your skin when you are hot,

ill or afraid.14. If someone ________________, they use language that is considered to be rude or blasphemous.15. A ________________ is a long journey on a ship or in a spacecraft.16. If you ________________ someone or something to a place, you send them there.17. To ________________ something means to give it to people.18. If someone ________________ you, they treat you unfairly by using your work or your ideas and

giving you very little in return.19. To ________________ something means to severely harm, damage or spoil it.20. ________________ people or ideas are extremely clever.21. Something that is ________________ is thin and healthy.22. A ________________ is a great success or achievement.23. If you ________________ something, you fold a piece of paper or cloth tightly round it so that it is

covered.24. When someone ________________ a country, they have the power to control its affairs.25. The ________________ of something is the reason for which it is made or done.26. If you ________________ something, you move your hand or a cloth backwards and forwards over

it while pressing fi rmly.27. Something that is ________________ is wide.



1. I have never met anybody more ---- than John. Once he has made up his mind, he never changes his opinion.

A) logical B) fl exibleC) amusing D) fair E) stubborn

2. Some plants are responsive to physical stimuli; for example, a mimosa’s leaves are ---- to touch.

A) neurotic B) effectiveC) sensitive D) appreciative E) intense

3. You must be careful carrying that box as it contains ---- porcelain plates.

A) tough B) usefulC) handy D) fragile E) steady

4. Since the tower proved to be ---- in the high wind, it was supposed to be reinforced.

A) strong B) unstableC) mild D) safe E) juvenile

5. There was a ---- odour of manure in every part of the farm, which disturbed most of the visitors.

A) distinct B) defi cientC) missing D) gorgeous E) habitual

6. As he is really a(n) ---- member of staff, I don’t know why Ross hasn’t been given the promotion he has been expecting for such a long time.

A) inconsiderate B) deprivedC) smooth D) effi cient E) extensive

7. Deciding on which school to go to was a(n) ---- decision for me so I consulted anybody who could be of help.

A) honest B) selectiveC) crucial D) irregular E) helpful

8. The new product is such a ---- success on the market that the company is considering to export it.

A) fruitless B) hugeC) tiny D) trivial E) preventable

9. The spokesman made a joke about his own past, which evoked a ---- laughter from the audiences.

A) spontaneous B) resistantC) dedicated D) tricky E) docile

10. We need to launch a ---- investigation in order to fi nd out the reasons behind the failure of the project.

A) ridiculous B) temptingC) peculiar D) misguided E) thorough

TEST 1 VOCABULARY



1. After lengthy negotiations, the two parties fi nally reached an agreement that ended the ---- between them.

A) accountability B) intensityC) harmony D) conformity E) confl ict

2. In just one semester, it is not easy to attain ---- in German especially if you are a beginner.

A) decline B) fl uencyC) display D) invention E) deprivation

3. Although we called every motel in North Louisiana, there were no ---- to be found.

A) appointments B) varietiesC) mixtures D) vacancies E) selections

4. The plan was not put into operation as the board members couldn’t see the ---- of it.

A) signifi cance B) injectionC) vanity D) arrogance E) vigour

5. Many people underestimate the possible ---- of a change in climate due to an enhanced greenhouse effect.

A) directions B) categoriesC) consequences D) assessments E) estimations

6. Those who intend to apply for this post must be willing to work as a team and must have a sense of ---- and self-confi dence.

A) irregularity B) despairC) selfi shness D) unpunctuality E) responsibility

7. The staff not only diagnosed customer needs inaccurately but also lacked ---- in meeting those needs.

A) indifference B) remotenessC) consistency D) boredom E) application

8. The novel starts with a clear ---- of daily life in the 19th century.

A) sincerity B) productionC) description D) elimination E) rejection

9. We found out that the ---- of the results was far more diffi cult than carrying out the experiment itself.

A) interpretation B) resistanceC) appreciation D) encouragement E) conclusion

10. The industrial pollution is a major ---- to the forest environment in the developed countries.

A) response B) stepC) threat D) benefi t E) advantage

TEST 4 VOCABULARY



V O C A B U L A R Y T E S T 4

41. Experts agree that music can ---- children’s minds and serve as a fundamental skill of learning.

A) abolish B) commuteC) strengthen D) install E) withdraw

42. All forms of life now inhabiting the earth ---- from the simplest single-cell organism fl oating in prehistoric oceans.

A) terminated B) evolvedC) speculated D) fl attened E) excreted

43. When friends ask me where to ----, my answer is always property.

A) invest B) collapseC) locate D) observe E) settle

44. Only recently have scientists begun to ---- occult phenomena like ghosts and goblins.

A) belong B) damageC) consume D) investigate E) punish

45. The radio had the biggest infl uence on people until the television was ----.

A) resigned B) inventedC) apologized D) ignored E) separated

46. Many farms now use computers to ---- the growing conditions of vegetables and other plants.

A) underestimate B) postponeC) repel D) discourage E) control

47. Mystery writers usually don’t object to seeing their books bought by libraries and shared widely because the payoff comes in ---- a wider readership.

A) destroying B) explainingC) attracting D) protecting E) furnishing

48. Fewer asthma patients would be ---- to hospitals if more efforts were made to help patients manage their illness.

A) collapsed B) separatedC) nominated D) fl ourished E) rushed

49. I asked my parents to let me ---- a puppy; fortunately, they gave me the permission.

A) inspire B) adoptC) concentrate D) decrease E) perceive

50. According to the WHO report, during the Chernobyl accident, 444 people were at the reactor site when the accident occurred and were therefore ---- to large amounts of radiation.

A) exposed B) meltedC) rewarded D) persuaded E) uttered

DENEME

SINAVI

231

Diğer Sayfaya Geçiniz.

DİLKO Yayınları

DENEME SINAVI

Bu testte 80 soru vardır.

İNGİLİZCE

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1. - 8. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

1. The union has negotiated a number of ---- for the employees, including a raise in holiday pay.

A) punishments B) recordsC) charities D) designs E) benefi ts

2. The people of Holland are very ---- to the Canadian soldiers who helped to liberate their country during the Second World War.

A) precious B) gratefulC) reasonable D) fl exible E) plentiful

3. Even though it was often at war with England throughout its history, Scotland ---- adopted the English language.

A) roughly B) correctlyC) severely D) gradually E) tenderly

4. Grizzly bears ---- a lot of space to live, so reducing the size of their habitat has a terrible effect on the numbers of animals born each year.

A) receive B) exposeC) display D) require E) survive

5. When you ---- new words, you should look them up in your dictionary. That makes it easier to remember them later.

A) come across B) get alongC) take on D) bring about E) put out

6. Once Nelson ---- used to sleeping in his new bed, he ---- to fi nd it hard to sleep anywhere else.

A) had got / has started B) gets / would startC) got / startedD) gets / is startingE) is getting / has started

7. Janice ---- as the chief of the department ever since her manager ---- for malpractise.

A) is working / is fi redB) worked / was fi redC) works / fi resD) had worked / fi redE) has been working / was fi red

8. I ---- on with my work only if you ---- me the email now. I cannot work without the necessary documents.

A) must carry / have sent B) would carry / are sendingC) will be able to carry / sendD) carried / could sendE) had to carry / sent

GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY STUDIES

248 DİLKO Yayınları

İNGİLİZCE

GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY STUDIES

DENEME SINAVI

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74. Doğal gaz sızıntısı bir patlamaya neden olabileceği için, doğal gazın güvenli naklini, depolanmasını, dağıtımını ve kullanımını garanti eden çok katı düzenlemeler vardır.

A) Because a natural gas leak is sure to cause an explosion, there should be strict regulations that ensure the safe transportation, storing, distribution, and use of natural gas.

B) A natural gas leak can cause an explosion, which is why there are strict regulations to ensure the safe transportation, storing, distribution, and use of natural gas.

C) As a natural gas leak can cause an explosion, there are very strict regulations that ensure the safe transportation, storing, distribution, and use of natural gas.

D) It is certain that a natural gas leak will cause an explosion, so there must be strict regulations to ensure the safe use of natural gas.

E) Because a gas leak may cause a deadly explosion, there should be strict regulations that ensure the safe transportation, distribution, and use of natural gas.

75. Devletin sinema da dahil olmak üzere kültürel programları denetlediği pek çok ülkenin aksine ABD, fi lm endüstrisini düzenleyen bir devlet kurumuna sahip değildir.

A) The USA differs from many countries where the government oversees cultural programs in that it does not have a government offi ce that regulates the fi lm industry.

B) Unlike many countries where the government oversees cultural programs, including cinema, the USA does not have a government offi ce that regulates the fi lm industry.

C) The USA is different from many countries where the government oversees cultural programs in that it does not try to regulate the fi lm industry.

D) The USA differs from many other countries which oversees cultural programs because it does not have a government offi ce to regulate the fi lm industry.

E) Unlike many countries which do not have a government offi ce that regulates the fi lm industry, the USA government oversees cultural programs, including cinema.

ANSWER KEY

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GRAMMAR & VOCABULARYGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY … · 2019. 3. 12. · GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY STUDIES DİLKO Yayınları 8 PRONOUNS 2. Object Pronouns (Nesne Zamirleri) Tanım: Nesne durumundaki