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Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling based on arXiv :2007.08029 [hep-ph] (accepted by JCAP) 粂 潤哉 (RESCEU, 東⼤理) Collaborators: 鎌⽥ 耕平, ⼭⽥ 悠介 (RESCEU) PPP2020 (Aug. 31, 2020)

Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

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Page 1: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalizationin a model with

pseudo-scalar-tensor couplingbased on arXiv:2007.08029 [hep-ph] (accepted by JCAP)

粂 潤哉 (RESCEU, 東⼤理)

Collaborators: 鎌⽥ 耕平, ⼭⽥ 悠介 (RESCEU)PPP2020 (Aug. 31, 2020)

Page 2: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

ContentsØIntroduction: Gravitational leptogenesis (GL)

ØReview: GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model

ØRenormalization of ⟨𝑅 #𝑅⟩

ØSummary

2/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 3: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• 原始重⼒波inflation = 宇宙の指数関数的膨張により,時空の量⼦tensor揺らぎが引き伸ばされたもの.

→今後の重⼒波観測のメインターゲット⼲渉計による直接観測 : DECIGO, BBO...間接的観測(CMBのBモード偏光): Planck, LiteBIRD,...

𝜙

𝑉[𝜙]

(Grishchuk 1975, Starobinsky 1979)

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Gravitational leptogenesis -原始重⼒波による物質数⽣成-

3/21

Page 4: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• 原始重⼒波inflation = 宇宙の指数関数的膨張により,時空の量⼦tensor揺らぎが引き伸ばされたもの.

→今後の重⼒波観測のメインターゲット⼲渉計による直接観測 : DECIGO, BBO...間接的観測(CMBのBモード偏光): Planck, LiteBIRD,...

inflationのエネルギースケールや再加熱温度に関する情報を持つ.

𝜙

𝑉[𝜙]

(Grishchuk 1975, Starobinsky 1979)

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Gravitational leptogenesis -原始重⼒波による物質数⽣成-

3/21

(K. Nakayama et al. 2008)

Page 5: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• カイラルな原始重⼒波の⽣成ex.)𝑓(𝜙)𝑅 #𝑅模型 (A. Lue et al. 1999, K. Choi et al. 2000)

右巻き偏光(ℎ-. ≡ (ℎ-0−𝑖ℎ-×)/ 2 )と左巻き偏光(ℎ-6 ≡ (ℎ-0+𝑖ℎ-×)/ 2)の伝播に⾮対称性が⽣成!! (→ 偏光測定のtarget )

pseudo-scalar inflaton

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Gravitational leptogenesis -原始重⼒波による物質数⽣成-

4/21

Page 6: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• カイラルな原始重⼒波の⽣成ex.)𝑓(𝜙)𝑅 #𝑅模型 (A. Lue et al. 1999, K. Choi et al. 2000)

右巻き偏光(ℎ-. ≡ (ℎ-0−𝑖ℎ-×)/ 2 )と左巻き偏光(ℎ-6 ≡ (ℎ-0+𝑖ℎ-×)/ 2)の伝播に⾮対称性が⽣成!! (→ 偏光測定のtarget )

pseudo-scalar inflaton

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Gravitational leptogenesis -原始重⼒波による物質数⽣成-

4/21

Page 7: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• カイラルな原始重⼒波の⽣成ex.)𝑓(𝜙)𝑅 #𝑅模型 (A. Lue et al. 1999, K. Choi et al. 2000)

右巻き偏光(ℎ-. ≡ (ℎ-0−𝑖ℎ-×)/ 2 )と左巻き偏光(ℎ-6 ≡ (ℎ-0+𝑖ℎ-×)/ 2)の伝播に⾮対称性が⽣成!! (→ 偏光測定のtarget )

この⾮対称性を起源として物質数を⽣成する機構→Gravitational leptogenesis

pseudo-scalar inflaton

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Gravitational leptogenesis -原始重⼒波による物質数⽣成-

4/21

Page 8: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Gravitational leptogenesis -原始重⼒波による物質数⽣成-

• GR+SM+inflatonで実現する物質数⽣成SM: neutrino sectorの右巻き/左巻き⾮対称性→レプトン数カレントのGravitational anomaly (L. Alvarez-Gaume & E. Witten 1984)

カイラルな重⼒波の⽣成により →

結合を有するaxion inflation等で実現!

hRR̃i 6= 0<latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">AAAChXichVExT9tAGH2YUkJKS2iXSiwWEYil0WeEKGIpapeOYAggxVFkO0c4cbFd+xIpWKwM/QMdOoGEqoqu5Q+w9A8w8BNQRyp16dAvjiXURrTf6e7evfved+/uvEjJRBNdjxijD8Yejhcmio8mHz+ZKk0/3U7CTuyLqh+qMN713EQoGYiqllqJ3SgWbttTYsc7eNPf3+mKOJFhsKV7kai33VYg96TvaqYaJdNRbtBSwrQdLVVTpPaR6cQZ5QTinUmNUpkqlIU5DKwclJHHelj6BAdNhPDRQRsCATRjBRcJtxosECLm6kiZixnJbF/gCEXWdjhLcIbL7AGPLV7Vcjbgdb9mkql9PkVxj1lpYo6u6DPd0jc6pxv6dW+tNKvR99Lj2RtoRdSYev988+d/VW2eNfbvVP/0rLGHlcyrZO9RxvRv4Q/03cMPt5ur9lw6T6f0nf2f0DVd8g2C7g//bEPYH1HkD7D+fu5hsL1YsahibSyV117nX1HADGaxwO/9Emt4i3VU+dxjfMFXXBjjxgtjyVgepBojueYZ/gjj1W9shJXG</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">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</latexit>

(右巻きレプトン種の数) ‒ (左巻きレプトン種の数) → -3 in SM

5/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 9: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Gravitational leptogenesis -原始重⼒波による物質数⽣成-

• GR+SM+inflatonで実現する物質数⽣成SM: neutrino sectorの右巻き/左巻き⾮対称性→レプトン数カレントのGravitational anomaly (L. Alvarez-Gaume & E. Witten 1984)

カイラルな重⼒波の⽣成により →

結合を有するaxion inflation等で実現!

hRR̃i 6= 0<latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">AAAChXichVExT9tAGH2YUkJKS2iXSiwWEYil0WeEKGIpapeOYAggxVFkO0c4cbFd+xIpWKwM/QMdOoGEqoqu5Q+w9A8w8BNQRyp16dAvjiXURrTf6e7evfved+/uvEjJRBNdjxijD8Yejhcmio8mHz+ZKk0/3U7CTuyLqh+qMN713EQoGYiqllqJ3SgWbttTYsc7eNPf3+mKOJFhsKV7kai33VYg96TvaqYaJdNRbtBSwrQdLVVTpPaR6cQZ5QTinUmNUpkqlIU5DKwclJHHelj6BAdNhPDRQRsCATRjBRcJtxosECLm6kiZixnJbF/gCEXWdjhLcIbL7AGPLV7Vcjbgdb9mkql9PkVxj1lpYo6u6DPd0jc6pxv6dW+tNKvR99Lj2RtoRdSYev988+d/VW2eNfbvVP/0rLGHlcyrZO9RxvRv4Q/03cMPt5ur9lw6T6f0nf2f0DVd8g2C7g//bEPYH1HkD7D+fu5hsL1YsahibSyV117nX1HADGaxwO/9Emt4i3VU+dxjfMFXXBjjxgtjyVgepBojueYZ/gjj1W9shJXG</latexit>

(右巻きレプトン種の数) ‒ (左巻きレプトン種の数) → -3 in SM

5/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 10: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

ContentsØIntroduction: Gravitational leptogenesis (GL)

ØReview: GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model

ØRenormalization of ⟨𝑅 #𝑅⟩

ØSummary

6/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 11: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• カイラルな原始重⼒波の⽣成

Background fields・pseudo-scalar inflaton: 𝜙・matter: SM + 3世代の右巻きMajorana Neutrino (質量: 𝜇 ≲ 10<=GeV)

de-Sitter時空に対するtensor摂動を考える. (※scalar, vector成分は𝑅 #𝑅に寄与しない)

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model (S. H. S. Alexander et al. 2006)

7/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 12: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 modelℎ>?の2次までを考えると,

ただし, ,→ 𝜙が転がっている間, カイラルな原始重⼒波が⽣成!

真空: Bunch-Davies-like vacuum

※strong couplingとghost modeが現れないためには, Θ ≲ 10AB

hRR̃i 6= 0<latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">AAAChXichVExT9tAGH2YUkJKS2iXSiwWEYil0WeEKGIpapeOYAggxVFkO0c4cbFd+xIpWKwM/QMdOoGEqoqu5Q+w9A8w8BNQRyp16dAvjiXURrTf6e7evfved+/uvEjJRBNdjxijD8Yejhcmio8mHz+ZKk0/3U7CTuyLqh+qMN713EQoGYiqllqJ3SgWbttTYsc7eNPf3+mKOJFhsKV7kai33VYg96TvaqYaJdNRbtBSwrQdLVVTpPaR6cQZ5QTinUmNUpkqlIU5DKwclJHHelj6BAdNhPDRQRsCATRjBRcJtxosECLm6kiZixnJbF/gCEXWdjhLcIbL7AGPLV7Vcjbgdb9mkql9PkVxj1lpYo6u6DPd0jc6pxv6dW+tNKvR99Lj2RtoRdSYev988+d/VW2eNfbvVP/0rLGHlcyrZO9RxvRv4Q/03cMPt5ur9lw6T6f0nf2f0DVd8g2C7g//bEPYH1HkD7D+fu5hsL1YsahibSyV117nX1HADGaxwO/9Emt4i3VU+dxjfMFXXBjjxgtjyVgepBojueYZ/gjj1W9shJXG</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="FOAR6e4FHXBqfdW6RiBFLv271eI=">AAAChXichVExT9tAGH2YUkJKS2iXSiwWEYil0WeEKGIpapeOYAggxVFkO0c4cbFd+xIpWKwM/QMdOoGEqoqu5Q+w9A8w8BNQRyp16dAvjiXURrTf6e7evfved+/uvEjJRBNdjxijD8Yejhcmio8mHz+ZKk0/3U7CTuyLqh+qMN713EQoGYiqllqJ3SgWbttTYsc7eNPf3+mKOJFhsKV7kai33VYg96TvaqYaJdNRbtBSwrQdLVVTpPaR6cQZ5QTinUmNUpkqlIU5DKwclJHHelj6BAdNhPDRQRsCATRjBRcJtxosECLm6kiZixnJbF/gCEXWdjhLcIbL7AGPLV7Vcjbgdb9mkql9PkVxj1lpYo6u6DPd0jc6pxv6dW+tNKvR99Lj2RtoRdSYev988+d/VW2eNfbvVP/0rLGHlcyrZO9RxvRv4Q/03cMPt5ur9lw6T6f0nf2f0DVd8g2C7g//bEPYH1HkD7D+fu5hsL1YsahibSyV117nX1HADGaxwO/9Emt4i3VU+dxjfMFXXBjjxgtjyVgepBojueYZ/gjj1W9shJXG</latexit>

(S. H. S. Alexander et al. 2006)

Quantization�̂�-D 𝜂 ≡ 𝑧D 𝑘, 𝜂 Iℎ-D(𝜂)

8/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

👻 👻

Page 13: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model• レプトン数の⽣成

インフレーション期間で積分

(S. H. S. Alexander et al. 2006)

9/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 14: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model• レプトン数の⽣成

UV cutoff Λを導⼊(cutoff正則化)し, leading divergenceをpick upすると,

インフレーション期間で積分

(S. H. S. Alexander et al. 2006)

9/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 15: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model• レプトン数の⽣成

UV cutoff Λを導⼊(cutoff正則化)し, leading divergenceをpick upすると,

この結果は物理的に意味を成すのだろうか?

インフレーション期間で積分

(S. H. S. Alexander et al. 2006)

9/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 16: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model𝜇 以上のscaleでは右巻きneutrinoがactiveになり, anomalyがcancelする.

“物理的なscale” 𝜇 を Λとして取れる. : マヨラナ質量 ≲ 10<=GeV

anomaly eq. の実効的なcutoff

: Planck 質量 ∼ 10<LGeV

cutoff of EFT

(S. H. S. Alexander et al. 2006)

10/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 17: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model𝜇 以上のscaleでは右巻きneutrinoがactiveになり, anomalyがcancelする.

“物理的なscale” 𝜇 を Λとして取れる.

→ 𝜇 依存性は正当化される!

: マヨラナ質量 ≲ 10<=GeV

anomaly eq. の実効的なcutoff

: Planck 質量 ∼ 10<LGeV

cutoff of EFT

(S. H. S. Alexander et al. 2006)

10/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

🙆

Page 18: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• バリオン数の⽣成history of the universe

再加熱中の状態⽅程式:

inflation 再加熱 電弱相転移

Sphaleron𝑛6 → 𝑛P�̇� → decay, �̇�6 → 0

放射優勢

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

(K. Kamada, JK, Y. Yamada and J. Yokoyama 2020)

11/21

Page 19: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• バリオン数の⽣成history of the universe

再加熱中の状態⽅程式:

inflation 再加熱 電弱相転移

Sphaleron𝑛6 → 𝑛P�̇� → decay, �̇�6 → 0

放射優勢

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

(K. Kamada, JK, Y. Yamada and J. Yokoyama 2020)

11/21

Page 20: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• 𝑤 ≤ 1/3 (標準的な再加熱シナリオの場合)

瞬間的再加熱 がバリオン数⽣成の上限を与える.

→⼩さすぎて観測値を説明不可能...

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

(K. Kamada, JK, Y. Yamada and J. Yokoyama 2020)

12/21

Page 21: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• 𝑤 ≤ 1/3 (標準的な再加熱シナリオの場合)

瞬間的再加熱 がバリオン数⽣成の上限を与える.

→⼩さすぎて観測値を説明不可能...

• 𝑤 > 1/3 再加熱温度を下げることで𝑛P/𝑠が増加する!

𝑤 = 1の場合, ⼗分低い再加熱温度をconsistentに実現可能!!

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

(K. Kamada, JK, Y. Yamada and J. Yokoyama 2020)

12/21

Page 22: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• kination + 重⼒的再加熱運動項駆動型inflationの終了後→ 𝑤 = 1しかし, inflatonが転がり続けてdecayできない...

→重⼒的粒⼦⽣成による再加熱ex.)共形結合した超重量scalar→SM粒⼦へ崩壊𝑚 ~𝐻[ ∼ 10<\GeV で 𝑇 _`~10aが実現可能!

→バリオン⾮対称性を説明できる!!

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

(K. Kamada, JK, Y. Yamada and J. Yokoyama 2020)

13/21

(S.Hashiba & J.Yokoyama 2019)

inflation kination再加熱

𝜌c

w = -1 w = 1 w = 1/3𝜌d

RD

𝜒 → SM粒⼦∝ 𝑎A=

∝ 𝑎A\

∝ 𝑎Ah

重⼒的粒⼦⽣成

ln 𝜌 (energy density)

ln 𝑎

🎉

Page 23: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• kination + 重⼒的再加熱運動項駆動型inflationの終了後→ 𝑤 = 1しかし, inflatonが転がり続けてdecayできない...

→重⼒的粒⼦⽣成による再加熱ex.)共形結合した超重量scalar→SM粒⼦へ崩壊𝑚 ~𝐻[ ∼ 10<\GeV で 𝑇 _`~10aが実現可能!

→バリオン⾮対称性を説明できる!!

GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

(K. Kamada, JK, Y. Yamada and J. Yokoyama 2020)

13/21

(S.Hashiba & J.Yokoyama 2019)

inflation kination再加熱

𝜌c

w = -1 w = 1 w = 1/3𝜌d

RD

𝜒 → SM粒⼦∝ 𝑎A=

∝ 𝑎A\

∝ 𝑎Ah

重⼒的粒⼦⽣成

ln 𝜌 (energy density)

ln 𝑎

🎉

めでたしめでたし...??

Page 24: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

ContentsØIntroduction: Gravitational leptogenesis (GL)

ØReview: GL in 𝜙𝑅 #𝑅 model

ØRenormalization of ⟨𝑅 #𝑅⟩

ØSummary

14/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

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Renormalization of

: Majorana mass ≲ 10<=GeV

effective cutoff of anomaly eq.

: Planck mass ∼ 10<LGeV

cutoff of EFT

15/21

本当にそれで良いのか??

𝜇 以上のscaleでは右巻きneutrinoがactiveになり, anomalyがcancelする.

“物理的なscale” 𝜇 を Λとして取れる.

→ 𝜇 依存性は正当化される!

(K. Kamada, JK and Y. Yamada 2020)

🙆 🤔🤔🤔JKKK YY

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 26: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Renormalization of • レプトン数評価におけるambiguity確かに𝜇はEFTの範囲内の物理的scaleだが, 依然として⟨𝑅 #𝑅⟩は運動量積分のcutoffを含んだまま.→この評価は正則化の⼿法に強く依存している.

例えば次元正則化を考えた場合, ⟨𝑛6⟩ は以下のように 𝜖 ≡ 𝑑 − 4 に依存するはず.

この不定性を取り除くための処⽅箋: 繰り込み

Correspondence??

(See also, W. Fischler and S. Paban 2007)

16/21

(K. Kamada, JK and Y. Yamada 2020)

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 27: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Renormalization of • UV発散の構造mode関数に含まれるWhittaker関数をMellin-Barnes表現によって書き換えることで, ⟨𝑅 #𝑅⟩の発散をcontour integralの極と⾒なすことができる.

17/21

(K. Kamada, JK and Y. Yamada 2020)

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 28: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Renormalization of • UV発散の構造解析的に積分を実⾏し, ⟨𝑅 #𝑅⟩のUV発散に対する依存性を特定した.

※断熱正則化も同様のUV発散を再現することを確認した.

また, 繰り込み条件としてminimal subtraction を仮定した場合, レプトン数の評価に密接に関係する有限項も特定した.

18/21

(K. Kamada, JK and Y. Yamada 2020)

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 29: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Renormalization of • Counter term𝜙の運動⽅程式に現れる⟨𝑅 #𝑅⟩を繰り込む.

19/21

(K. Kamada, JK and Y. Yamada 2020)

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 30: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Renormalization of • Counter term𝜙の運動⽅程式に現れる⟨𝑅 #𝑅⟩を繰り込む.

19/21

(K. Kamada, JK and Y. Yamada 2020)

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 31: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

• 繰り込まれたレプトン数密度anomaly eq.の右辺も同様に繰り込めると仮定すると,

繰り込んだ場合, 少量のエントロピー⽣成が実現したとしても(𝑤 = 1),𝑛P/𝑠の観測値を説明することは不可能.

Renormalization of 20/21

(K. Kamada, JK and Y. Yamada 2020)

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

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Summary• 重⼒的レプトン数⽣成 = カイラルな原始重⼒波による物質数⽣成.pseudo-scalar-tensorモデルではレプトン数がUV発散.

• ⟨𝑅 #𝑅⟩のUV依存性を解析的に明らかにし, counter termを特定した.

• アノマリー⽅程式においてminimal subtractionを仮定した場合,⽣成されるレプトン数が⼩さすぎてバリオン数の観測値を説明できない.→このモデルにおけるGLの実現可能性に疑問を投げかける結果となった.

21/21

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

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補⾜資料

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 34: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Gravitational (chiral) anomaly• 曲がった時空におけるフェルミオンの作⽤

𝐴opq : スピン接続係数→局所ローレンツ変換に関連したゲージ場

Gravitational anomaly: 𝐴opqに対するchiral anomaly

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 35: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Consistency of 𝑓 𝜙 𝑅 #𝑅 model• Strong coupling & ghost problem (S. Alexander & J. Martin 2005)

Θ > 0の場合, left-handed modeを考えると...

→ のとき、運動項の係数 ≤ 0

要請 : EFTの範囲内( )に、強結合&ゴーストが現れない

この制限はinflationのモデルや𝒇(𝝓)の関数形の詳細に依らない.

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 36: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

GL in 𝜙𝐹 #𝐹 model• ヘリカルなゲージ場にsourceされた重⼒波Axion gauge field Inflation

tachyonic instabilityにより, ゲージ場のL modeが増幅→重⼒波のL modeもamplified

数値計算による重⼒波のスペクトル評価→ 𝑛P/𝑠の観測値が再現可能.

しかし𝑅 #𝑅の発散に関する議論がない...?

(R. R. Caldwell & C. Devulder 2017)

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

𝑉 𝜒 = 𝑚h 𝜒/𝑚 u/𝑛𝑀 ∼ 1.7 × 10Ah𝑀yz𝑔 ∼ 1.4×10A\𝑚 ∼ 1.7 × 10A\𝑀yz

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Adiabatic regularization• 断熱真空: well definedなUV modeのgeneric featureを再現.

時間微分に対して断熱パラメータεをassignし, εの8次まで展開.

断熱真空解に対する𝑅 #𝑅の期待値

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

same UV div. ※IR div. also appears

Page 38: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Counter terms

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”

Page 39: Gravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with ...ppp.ws/PPP2020/slides/Kume.pdfGravitational leptogenesisand renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling

Conformally coupled scalar model

inflation kinationreheating

𝜌c

w = -1 w = 1 w = 1/3𝜌d

RD

𝜒 → SM粒⼦

∝ 𝑎A=

∝ 𝑎A\

∝ 𝑎Ah

重⼒的粒⼦⽣成

ln 𝜌 (energy density)

ln 𝑎

inflation→kinationへの遷移に伴い,massive scalar 𝜒 が重⼒的に⽣成 (質量𝑚).

𝜒とSM粒⼦間のcouplingが⼗分⼩さいとすると,𝜒のエネルギーが⽀配的になる直前にdecay.→ 𝑤 = 1 から𝑤 = 1/3への遷移が実現!!

この時の再加熱温度は,𝑇}~� ∼ 1.6𝑒A����×10� ∼ 𝑂(10a)GeVwith 𝑚 ~𝐻[ ∼ 10<\GeV

∝ 𝑎Ah

graviton

S.Hashiba & J.Yokoyama (2019)

Junʼya Kume “Gravitational leptogenesis and renormalization in a model with pseudo-scalar-tensor coupling”