Grp 1 hwswb

8/3/2019 Grp 1 hwswb

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Hardware and Software BasicsSubmitted to:

Mr Shubham Goswami By:

GROUP -1

Shivang Thacker

Ravi Vyas

Anuj Gosai

Nilesh Shahji

Bhargav Jambukiya


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Computer Hardware

Central Processing Unit - also called The

Chip, a CPU, a processor, or a microprocessor

Memory (RAM) Storage Devices

Input Devices

Output Devices


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Computer Hardware


Chip, a CPU, a processor or a microprocessor


Input Devices

Output Devices


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Computer Hardware


Chip, a CPU, a processor or a microprocessor


Input Devices

Output Devices


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CPU Types

CPU or microprocessor is often described as

the brain of a computer.

CPU is an integrated circuit or chip whichprocesses instructions and data.

CPU types.

Intel Pentium II, III, IV

Intel Celeron

AMD Athlon


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CPU types

CPU speed is measured by the number of

completed instruction cycles per second

C

urrently,CPU

speeds range from 600 megahertz(MHz or million cycles per second) to 4 gigahertz

(GHz or billion cycles per second).

Always check new softwares requirements for

CPU type and speed before purchasing


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Memory (RAM)

RAM or Random Access Memory

Waiting room for computers CPU.

Holds instructions for processing data,processed data, and raw data.

Ram is measured by:

Capacity (in Megabytes or Gigabytes)

Speed (in Nanoseconds)


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Memory (RAM)

Amount of RAM installed will determine.

Which software applications will run

(efficiently)?

How many software applications can be open

simultaneously (multitasking ability)?

RAM upgrades are cost-effective and easy to

install.Check your computer manual for RAM type

(DIMM,SDRAM) and speed (100, 90ns).


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Memory (RAM)

All software applications will have RAM

specifications listed on their packaging.

Many applications list both a minimum and arecommended amount of RAM necessary to

run the software.

Be cautious about buying software for a

system based on minimum requirement.


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Storage HARDWARE Devices

CD-ROM Drives

Typically installed on all new computer

systems. (Were add-on device until the mid1990s).

Capacity is 600 to 750 megabytes

(M

B or millions of bytes).

Most mass-produced commercial software is

packaged on a CD.


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Storage HARDWARE Devices

CD-ROM Drives

Used more often now for backup storage as

CD-RW (read/write) technology has becomeless expensive.

Data is read from CD by a laser.

Optical storage device.


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Input Devices

Scanners are peripheral input devices which

allow users to import:

Text

Graphics

Images

Specialized software aids in translating

information into a format the computer can

understand and manipulate.


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Output Devices

Printers

Dot matrix

Seldom used in a classroom.

Still frequently used in business.

Bubble or ink jet

Laser

Monitors


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Options and Tradeoffs

Speed versus Cost

How fast are you able to access and save data

on the hard drive? How fast will application software open?

How quickly will software respond to

commands? How quickly will your printer produce a

document?


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Quality versus Cost

P

entium versusC

eleron Laser printer versus Ink Jet printer

Limited functionality editions versus full

versions of software 15 inch monitor versus 21 inch monitor


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Speed versus Cost

Capacity versus Cost

Quality versus Cost

Cost-Cost-Cost


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Software

Instructions and associated data, stored in

electronic format, that direct the computer to

accomplish a task.

System software helps the computer carry out

its basic operating tasks.

Operating systems

Utilities


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System Software

An Operating System (OS) is the master

controller within a computer.

EX: Windows, MacOS, DOS, UNIX, Linux

An operating system interacts with:

All hardware installed in or connected to a

computer system.

All software installed or running from a storage

device on a computer system.


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System Software

Microsoft Windows

Most popular operating system.

Supports a vast array of application software and

peripheral devices.

MacOS

For Macintosh computers.

Proprietary system.

Does not have same functionality and support forsoftware and peripheral devices.


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System Software

Network operating system (NOS)

Manages network resources.

Maintains security.

Tracks user accounts.

Handles communication between workstations

and servers.

Popular network operating systems

Windows NT, Novell Netware, UNIX


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System Software

Utilities Utilities augment functionality of operating systems.Utilities includes device drivers and Troubleshooting

capabilities. Utilities provide file management capabilities such as

copying, moving or renaming a file.

Norton Utilities includes an undelete function that

can recover deleted files. Symantec and McAfee Virus checkers add protection

for all system and data files.


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Application Software

Accomplishes specific tasks for users.

Enables a computer to become a multi-

purpose machine.

Produceworksheets and

reports.Automate record

keeping likeattendance and

grades.

Create flow chartsand graphic

organizers.Communicate

worldwide.


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Application Software

Productivity Software

Spreadsheets

Databases

Presentation Software

Document Preparation

Word Processing

Desktop Publishing

Project Management Software


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Programming Languages

Basic building blocks of any software.

Programming languages allow a programmer to

write instructions that a computer canunderstand.

Programming languages have some

resemblance to the English language. BASIC

Pascal

Fortran

C++

Java


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Instructional Support

What problems do you need solved and which

application software will help solve the

problems?

Integrated Learning Systems

Computer Assisted Instruction

Drill, Tutorial, Simulation

Textbook Resources

Research and Information Access

Documents

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