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Jaime Roldós Aguilera,  (born Nov. 5, 1940, Guayaquil, Ecuador—died May 24,

1981, near Guachanaa!, la"yer elec#ed $re%iden# o& Ecuador in 19'9.

 &#er )radua#in) &ro #he *niver%i#y o& Guayaquil and i#% la" %chool, +old% -oined

#he &acul#y o& #he icen#e +oca&uer#e *niver%i#y in Guayaquil. /n 192 he arried

Mar#a ucara, a niece o& %%ad ucara, #he leader o& #he oncen#ra#ion o& 

3o$ular orce% (oncen#racin de uera% 3o$ulare%6 3!, a le&#7o&7cen#re

$o$uli%# $ar#y. /n 198 +old%, endor%ed by #he 3, "a% elec#ed #o #he

Ecuadorean le)i%la#ure, "hich "a%, ho"ever, %u%$ended by 3re%iden# o% Mar:a

ela%co /barra in 19'0.

/n 19', "hile Ecuador "a% ruled by a ili#ary -un#a #ha# had #a;en con#rol in 19'2,

+old% "a% a$$oin#ed #o one o& #hree coi##ee% char)ed "i#h &orula#in)

chan)e% in #he con%#i#u#ion and elec#ion la"% o& #he na#ion. ne" con%#i#u#ion "a%

ado$#ed in 19'8, bu# a clau%e in%er#ed in i# by #he -un#a di%quali&ied ucara &ro

#he $re%idency, "hich he had been &avoured #o "in. +old% becae #he candida#e

o& #he 3, u%in) #he ca$ai)n %lo)an, <+old% in o&&ice, ucara in $o"er.= >e

received a %ur$ri%in) ?1 $ercen# o& #he vo#e% bu# "a% &orced in#o a runo&& elec#ion.

@he -un#a delayed #he runo&& un#il $ril 19'9, and +old% #oo; advan#a)e o& #he

in#erval #o leave #he %hado" o& ucara and build u$ hi% o"n iden#i#y. /n #he runo&&,

+old% received nearly 9 $ercen# o& #he vo#e%.

 &#er #a;in) o&&ice, +old% $ur%ued $olicie% ore con%erva#ive #han had been

eA$ec#ed6 he received li##le coo$era#ion &ro #he ne" unicaeral le)i%la#ure, "hich

"a% led by #he aliena#ed ucara. +old% &ored hi% o"n $oli#ical $ar#y—3eo$le,

han)e, and Beocracy—in 1980. >e and hi% "i&e "ere ;illed in an air$lane cra%h

near #he 3eruvian border.

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León Febres Cordero , (born March 9, 19?1, Guayaquil, Ecuador—died Bec. 15,2008, Guayaquil!, Ecuadoran $oli#ician "ho develo$ed a re$u#a#ion a% a lar)er7#han7li&e %#ron)an "hile %ervin) a #uul#uou% #er (1984C88! a% $re%iden# o& Ecuador. ebre% ordero %#udied echanical en)ineerin) in #he *ni#ed D#a#e%be&ore re#urnin) hoe and en#erin) na#ional $oli#ic% in 19 a% a con)re%%ionalde$u#y. % a eber o& #he ri)h#7"in) Docial hri%#ian 3ar#y, he "a% elec#ed$re%iden# and %oon )ained &ae #hrou)hou# a#in erica &or hi% #ou)h7)uy ia)e,bol%#ered by an a&&ini#y &or ci)are##e% and $i%#ol%. @hou)h hi% &ree7ar;e# a$$roach#o econoic $olicy "on hi #he adira#ion o& *.D. 3re%. +onald +ea)an, hi%rela#ion%hi$ "i#h hi% o"n le)i%la#ure "a% &requen#ly con#en#iou%, and hi% brie& ;idna$$in) in 198' a# #he hand% o& rebel coando% under%cored EcuadorF%

$oli#ical in%#abili#y. ollo"in) hi% $re%idency, ebre% ordero %erved (1992C2000!a% #he ayor o& hi% hoe#o"n, Guayaquil.

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Gabriel García Moreno,  (born Beceber 24, 1821, Guayaquil,   Ecuador—

died u)u%# , 18'5, ui#o!, ini#ia#or o& a church7orien#ed dic#a#or%hi$ in Ecuador 

(181C'5!. >i% rule, o$$re%%ive bu# o&#en e&&ec#ive in i#% re&ori%# ai%, even#ually

co%# hi hi% li&e.

Garc:a Moreno "a% educa#ed a# #he univer%i#y in ui#o and in Euro$e. er%ed in

$oli#ical #heory, he early #oo; an ac#ive role in EcuadorF% #urbulen# $oli#ic%. >e

becae convinced #ha# #he reedy &or hi% na#ionF% $oli#ical and econoic $li)h#

"a% #he a$$lica#ion o& oral $rinci$le% by a $o"er&ul leader.

 ided by a )eneral and &orer $re%iden# o& Ecuador, uan o% lore%, he %eied

$o"er in 180. Burin) hi% #"o #er% a% $re%iden# (181C5, 189C'5!, he

cen#ralied #he )overnen#, reduced corru$#ion, ain#ained rela#ive $eace,

%#ren)#hened #he econoy, $laced educa#ion under #he +oan a#holic hurch,

%i)ned a concorda# "i#h #he a#ican (18?!, and o&&icially dedica#ed Ecuador #o #he

Dacred >ear#. >e "a% a%%a%%ina#ed by a )rou$ o& youn) liberal%.

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José Joaquín Olmedo, al%o called José Joaquín de Olmedo  (born March 20,

1'80, Guayaquil, Ne" Granada Hno" in EcuadorI—died ebruary 19,

184', Guayaquil,Ecuador !, $oe# and %#a#e%an "ho%e ode% coeora#in)

Dou#h ericaF% achieveen# o& inde$endence &ro D$ain ca$#ured #he

revolu#ionary %$iri# o& hi% #ie and in%$ired a )enera#ion o& +oan#ic $oe#% and

$a#rio#%. @hey have reained onuen#% #o #he heroic &i)ure% o& #he libera#ion

oveen# in Dou#h erica.

 &#er receivin) hi% de)ree in la" in 1805 &ro #he *niver%i#y o& Dan Marco% in

ia, 3eru, Jledo "a% %en# #o D$ain in 1811 #o re$re%en# Guayaquil in #he

or#e% de Kdi, #he revolu#ionary $arliaen# #ha# $roul)a#ed #he liberal

con%#i#u#ion o& 1812.

Jledo re#urned #o Guayaquil in 181, con#inuin) #o be ac#ive in $oli#ical li&e "hile

"ri#in) $oe#ry. >i% &orce&ul #hee% o& ba##le and libera#ion, in%$ired by

con#e$orary even#% and #he $oe#ry o& >oer, >orace, and ir)il, %oon brou)h#

hi reco)ni#ion a% an ou#%#andin) %$o;e%an o& #he libera#ion oveen#. @he ode

&or "hich he i% be%# reebered, La victoria de Junín: Canto a Bolívar  (18256 <@he

ic#ory a# un:nL Don) #o ol:var=!, coeora#e% #he deci%ive ba##le "on #here by

#he &orce% o& #he libera#or Din ol:var a)ain%# #he D$ani%h arie%. Neocla%%ical

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in &or, ye# +oan#ic in in%$ira#ion and ia)ery, #he Canto a Bolívar  i% con%idered

by any cri#ic% #he &ine%# eAa$le o& heroic $oe#ry "ri##en in D$ani%h erica.

hen Ecuador becae a re$ublic in 18?0, Jledo "a% elec#ed i#% &ir%# vice$re%iden#, bu# he declined #hi% honour, $re&errin) #o reain ac#ive in local $oli#ic%.

>i% la#er $oe#ry &ore%a" and de$lored #he #rend #o"ard #he ili#ari% and civil "ar 

#ha# "a% be)innin) #o underine #he uni#y o& Dou#h erica a&#er inde$endence

had been achieved.

Medardo n)el Dilva i% one o& #he o%# di%#in)ui%hed and reno"ned $oe#%Ecuadorian li#era#ure.

Medardo n)el Dilva "a% born in Guayaquil on une 8, 1898, and died E10 une1919 in #he %ae ci#y. ri#er, $oe#, u%ician and co$o%er Ecuador, i% con%idered#he )rea#e%# re$re%en#a#ive o& oderni% in #he Ecuadorian $oe#ry.

alled a% #he $oe# beheaded becau%e o& #he circu%#ance% o& hi% dea#h, &ro hi%you#h "a% no#ed &or hi% li#erary co$o%i#ion%, al#hou)h hi% "or; "a% really ;no"na&#er hi% dea#h.

 &#er hi% dea#h >/D $oe% "ere $ubli%hed in rance in 192.

Medardo n)el Dilva "a% a youn) an o& #he lo"er cla%% o& Guayaquil, "ho "on%oe reco)ni#ion &or hi% "or; a% a -ournali%# &or 1' year% (a$$roAia#ely, "hen hele&# hi% %#udie% in %chool icen#e +oca&uer#e! un#il hi% dea#h a# 21. >e "or;ed in$rin#in) %all and #hen collabora#ed on %everal "ee;lie% and a)aine%. a#er, hecae #o "or; in #he ne"%$a$er #he @ele)ra$h on $a)e li#era#ure, "here he "a%able #o $ubli%h %everal $oe% and %hor# %#orie%.

Dilva did no# )radua#e &ro hi)h %chool, bu# hi% condi#ion led hi #o be %el&7#au)h#%chool #eacher and even read rench, and "a% $rovided "i#h con#ac# "i#h #herench %yboli%# $oe#ry (3aul erlaine, r#hur +ibaud, harle% audelaire! "hocae #o be i#% )rea#e%# re&erence%. >i% in&luence% al%o "ere #he oderni% o& +uben Bario and y%#ici% o& ado Nervo.

 on) hi% &aou% li#erary "or;% areL

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O @he #ree o& )ood and evil ($oe#ry, 1918!

O Maria e%u% (novel, 1919!

O @he ironic a%; (#rial%!

O Golden @ru$e#% ($oe#ry!

O @he %oul on #he li$% (loo%e $oe#ry!

@he dea#h o& Medardo n)el Dilva reain% a un%olved y%#ery clari&yL %ince #hea)e o& 21 #he youn) $oe# died &ro a %ho# in hi% head. ur#her analy%i% ca%# doub#on #he %uicide, %ince #he bulle# en#ered behind #he ear. >o"ever, never ...