Guesture of Gayathri & Manimozhi

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    Content

    What is artificial sun?

    Nuclear fusion

    Working of thermonuclear fusionreaction

    Plasma heating

    Magnetic field

    Application Reef

    conclution

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    What is artificial sun?

    Artificial sunlight is a power generating thermo nuclear fusion reactor.

    Artifical sun is nothing but,the worlds first complete experimental advanced

    superconducting Tokomak(EAST) nuclear fusion device .

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    Nuclear fusion &Reason for selecting D-T

    fusion is a process in which two or more lighter nuclei combined to form

    heavier nucleus .

    D-T reaction is the fastest thermonuclear process known and produces

    80% of its energy in the form of 14.1 Mev neutrons which simply escape

    from the plasma region

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    Working of thermonuclear fusion

    reaction

    Fusion between the atoms is apposed by their shared electrical charge,

    specifically the net positive charge of the nuclei

    The neutron flux expected in a commercial D-T fusion reactor is about

    100 times that of current fission power reactors, posing problems for

    material design .

    Design of suitable material is underway but their actual use in a reactor is

    not proposed until the generation after ITER .

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    If nuclear fusion becomes a practical source of energy , it willundoubtedly be first by way of the D-T reaction at a later stage however,fusion involving deuterium nuclei only, which is more difficult to attain,may become important.

    The net result is the liberataion of 66 million KW-hr of energy forkilogram of deuterium. The great advantage of D-D fusion would be that itwould not be necessary to supply tritium as is involved is produced in oneof the D-D reactions.

    The basic raw materials for the D-T reaction are water for deuterium and

    lithium minerals (for tritium). All natural waters contain a smallproportion of HDO molecules in which deuterium(D) as replaced onehydrogen (H) atom in a ordinary water(H2O). Although there is onlydeuterium atom for every 6500 ordinary hydrogen atoms, the amount ofwater is so large that more than 10 trillion(i.e.1013) tons of deuterium arepresent on earth.

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    The essential requirements are attainment of a temperature of about 100

    million degree celcius in a D-T plasma and a confinement parameter and

    exceeding the 3*1014 sec/cm^3 necessary for energy break even and

    ignition. If these conditions can be realized, a fusion reactor can be

    operated.

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    Plasmaheating

    Deuterium ions are generarated from deuterium gas by an electrical discharge in n

    ion source; the ions are then accelerated by a high voltage .

    In the plasma, electrons are rapidly removed from the atoms to form high energy

    ions which are trapped by the magnetic field and cannot escape, the high energyions then transfer part of their energy to the plasma particles in repeated collisions,

    there by increasing the plasma temperature. An ion temperature of 75 million degre

    celcius was reached in a deuterium plasma in 1978 by neural beam injection, and it

    is expected that temperatures of 100million deg celcius will be attainable.

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    Magnetic field

    An electric current is always associated with magnetic field such that the field

    lines (or lines of force) are perpendicular to the direction of current flow .

    Magnetic fields can be generated within a torus in two general ways. In one

    case an electric current is passed through a number of rings (or coils)surrounding the torus. The associated magnetic field called a toroidal field.

    . Alternatively, the current may be made to flow through the plasma tie lines of

    the resulting magnetic field ,called a poloidal field , encircle the plasma in the

    polar direction

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    Applications

    "Full-spectrum" is not a technical term when applied to an electrical

    light bulb but rather a marketing term implying that the product

    emulates natural light

    While these lights can provide a better spectrum than traditional ones,

    they often use more electricity and have a high heat output.

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    2.Aquarium lighting :describes any type of light that is used to

    illuminate an aquarium tank or in some instances, such as with reef

    aquariums, support the life contained within.

    Freshwater:

    Freshwater aquarium lighting often comes in two forms; one is a

    screw-in style incandescent bulb and the other is normal output

    fluorescent lighting. Screw-in compact fluorescent lighting is also

    used in freshwater aquaria since it provides brighter light output

    than traditional screw-in style bulbs.

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    ReefReef keepers often opt for light of varying spectrum. Since many corals

    require a deep blue oractinic spectrum of light to thrive many aquarists must

    supplement traditional white light with light of this color.

    reef keepers is T5 High Output fluorescent bulbs. These bulbs are thinner

    than traditional T8 bulbs and provide a much brighter, more powerful light.

    These high output lights closely recreate the shimmering effect of bright

    tropical sun over a patch of coral reef. Metal halide bulbs come in a variety of

    spectra from 5000k on up to 20,000k and allow for a variety of light hungry

    corals to survive under them.

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    conclution

    In a most profound sense, mankinds quality of life depends on an

    acceptable response to the continually rising demand for energy, to be

    able to satisfy our future needs.

    some of which represent distinct advantage over the other major

    energy sources.

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    References

    1.SUN DAMAGE and PREVENTION.Electronic text book

    of dermatology.The internet dermatology society. Retrieved

    2008.

    2.Light impacts. science news. Retrieved 2008.

    3.Solar simulation systems. Photo emission tech. retrieved

    2008.

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    AnyAny quriesquries ??

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    THANK YOU