Guía para empresas: cómo adaptarse a la normativa sobre protección de datos

8/7/2019 Gua para empresas: cmo adaptarse a la normativa sobre proteccin de datos

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Kg Ij~}i}{}a Jdniajdg mk ]knjagahd~ mk gd Naf{jindnij %IJ]KNA)' ~anikmdm k~}d}dg psafavimd pas kgFiji~}ksia mk Ijm{~}sid' ]{si~fa y Nafksnia' k~ {jd pgd}dasfd pdsd kg mk~dssagga mk gd ^anikmdm mkgNajanifikj}a d }sdv~ mk psaykn}a~ mkg fci}a mk gd ijjavdnij y gd }knjagahd*

Kg Ac~ksvd}asia mk gd ^kh{simdm mk gd Ijasfdnij k~ {j skkskj}k jdniajdg k ij}ksjdniajdg dg ~ksvinia mkga~ ni{mdmdja~' kfpsk~d~ y dmfiji~}sdniajk~ k~pdagd~ pdsd mk~nsicis' djdgirds' d~k~asds y mi{jmis gdn{g}{sd mk gd ~kh{simdm y gd najodjrd mk gd ^anikmdm mk gd Ijasfdnij*

Md}a~ mk naj}dn}a2Ij~}i}{}a Jdniajdg mk ]knjagahd~ mk gd Naf{jindnij %IJ]KNA)Ac~ksvd}asia mk gd ^kh{simdm mk gd IjasfdnijDvmd* Ba~ Dh{dma' =4* Kmionia IJ]KNA* 3=00; Gkj]kgaja2 ,%>=) 958 588 459 ! Kfdig2 ac~ksvd}asia@ij}kna*k~xxx*ij}kna*k~

Mkp~i}a Gkhdg2 GK & >4? & 3009Ifpsifk2 hsond~ NKGDSDYJ' ~*d*


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jmink4* Pas t{ k~}d h{d1 ;

3* D t{ij vd misihimd1 5

>* Pas t{ k~ jknk~dsia psa}khks ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~1 40

=* Nsajagahd mk gd psa}knnij mk md}a~ kj K~pdd 4=

;* Najnkp}a~ y dhkj}k~ ngdvk kj gd psa}knnij mk md}a~ 48

?* Psank~a mk dmapnij mk gd jasfd}ivd 30

8* OD^K I2 Dmdp}dnij mk ga~ oneksa~ 3>

5* OD^K II2 Gkhi}ifdnij mk md}a~ 39

9* OD^K III2 Psa}knnij mk md}a~ k ifpgdj}dnij mk fkmimd~mk ~kh{simdm >9

40* T{ijk~ ~afa~1 ;8

Djkua I Fkmimd~ mk ^kh{simdm ?0


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Gd psa}knnij mk md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg k~ {j mksknea {jmdfkj}dgsknajanima kj gd Naj~}i}{nij K~pdagd t{k d}sic{yk dg }i}{gds mkg mksknea gddn{g}dm mk naj}sagds ~{~ md}a~ y d mi~pajks y mknimis ~acsk ga~ fi~fa~*Gd Gky Ashjind mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~ %GAPM) y ~{ Skhgdfkj}a mk Mk&~dssagga %SMGAPM) najnsk}dj y mk~dssaggdj k~}k mksknea* D jivkg k{sapka'gd Miskn}ivd K{sapkd 9;!=? NK mkg Pdsgdfkj}a K{sapka y mkg Naj~kba skna&jank gd psa}knnij mk gd~ pks~ajd~ ~ind~ kj ga t{k sk~pkn}d dg }sd}dfikj}a

mk md}a~ pks~ajdgk~*

Gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~ sk~pajmk d gd jknk~imdm mk psa&}khks }ama~ ga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg' pdsd t{k ja ~kdj {}igirdma~ mkasfd ijdmkn{dmd' ji }sd}dma~ a nkmima~ d }ksnksa~ ~ij naj~kj}ifikj}a ij&kt{vana mkg }i}{gds* Kj k~}k naj}ku}a' ~k kj}ikjmk pas md}a mk ndsn}ks pks&~ajdg n{dgt{iks ijoasfdnij najnksjikj}k d pks~ajd~ o~ind~ imkj}ioindmd~a imkj}ioindcgk~4%ds}* > GAPM)*

Gd skh{gdnij asknk d ga~ ni{mdmdja~ gd~ hdsdj}d~ y fkndji~fa~ jknk~d&sia~ pdsd psa}khks ~{~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ y naj}sagds kg {~a t{k ~k skdgird mkga~ fi~fa~* Mk ndsd d hdsdj}irds gd psa}knnij mkg mksknea' ~k k~}dcgknkjacgihdniajk~ pdsd }amd pks~ajd ~ind a b{smind t{k pa~kd oneksa~ naj md&}a~ pks~ajdgk~*

Gd~ kfpsk~d~' kj ~{ ndgimdm mk dhkj}k~ t{k fdjkbdj y }sd}dj md}a~ mkndsn}ks pks~ajdg' k~}j acgihdmd~ d hdsdj}irds kg mksknea {jmdfkj}dg d gdpsa}knnij mk ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ mk t{k mi~pajkj* Gd jasfd}ivd ja naj&}kfpgd kunkpniajk~ pas }dfda' dn}{sdnij a ~kn}as mk dn}ivimdm' mk asfdt{k n{dgt{iks kfpsk~d k~} ijng{imd kj kg fci}a mk dpgindnij mk gdgkhi~gdnij' ~ikfpsk t{k }sdcdbk naj oneksa~ naj md}a~ pks~ajdgk~*Mk k~}k fama' k~ jknk~dsia t{k gd~ ashdjirdniajk~' ijmkpkjmikj}kfkj}k

4 Gd Miskn}ivd 9;!=? NK mkoijk kg }sfija imkj}ioindcgk nafa }amd pks~ajd n{yd imkj}imdm p{kmd mk}ksfi&

jds~k miskn}d a ijmiskn}dfkj}k' kj pds}in{gds fkmidj}k {j jfksa mk imkj}ioindnij a {ja a vdsia~ kgkfkj}a~

k~pknoina~' ndsdn}ks~}ina~ mk ~{ imkj}imdm o~ind' oi~iaghind' p~t{ind' knajfind' n{g}{sdg a ~anidg*

Pas t{ k~}d h{d1

4* Pas t{ k~}d h{d1


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H{d pdsd kfpsk~d~2 nfa dmdp}ds~k d gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~

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mk ~{~ mifkj~iajk~' k~}dcgkrndj {jd ~ksik mk fkmimd~ b{smind~ y ashdji&rd}ivd~ t{k hdsdj}inkj kg nasskn}a }sd}dfikj}a mk ga~ md}a~ t{k ~aj sknahi&ma~ mk ngikj}k~' psavkkmask~' nagdcasdmask~' kfpgkdma~' a n{dgt{iks a}samd}a mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg t{k fdjkbkj* Kg jivkg mk kuihkjnid kj n{dj}a dgn{fpgifikj}a mk gd GAPM k~ kg fi~fa pdsd }amd~ gd~ kfpsk~d~' ~ij t{k ~kk~}dcgkrndj nsi}ksia~ mi~}ij}a~ mkpkjmikjma mk ~i k~ {jd hsdj kfpsk~d a {jdfinsakfpsk~d* Gd GAPM k~}dcgknk {j fdsna hkjksdg pdsd }ama~ y mkck

~ks n{fpgimd pas }ama~*

K~}d h{d jdnk' pskni~dfkj}k' pdsd t{k gd kfpsk~d' y f{y pds}in{&gdsfkj}k gd pkt{kd y fkmidjd kfpsk~d %PYFK)' ~k dfigidsink najgd psa}knnij mk md}a~2 pas t{ k~ jknk~dsia psa}khks ga~ md}a~ mkga~ ni{mdmdja~' t{ acgihdniajk~ dkn}dj d gd kfpsk~d y t{ ckjko&nia~ pdsd kg jkhania ~k mksivdj mk gd dmapnij mk gd jasfd}ivd*

Mkg fi~fa fama' gd h{d asknk pd{}d~ c~ind~ pdsd gd ifpgkfkj}dnij mk gdjasfd}ivd' k~}dcgknikjma kg fdsna hkjksdg mkojima kj gd GAPM y SMGAPMy mk}dggdjma gd~ mi~pa~iniajk~ y acgihdniajk~ najnsk}d~ t{k dkn}dj d gd~kfpsk~d~* D~ifi~fa' psa{jmird kj gd kbkn{nij mk dgh{jd~ mk gd~ acgihdnia&jk~' nafa k~ kg nd~a mk gd mkngdsdnij mk oneksa~ dj}k kg Skhi~}sa Hkjksdgmk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~' mk gd t{k ~k asknk {jd h{d ngdsd y mk}dggdmd pdsddnafk}ks naj ui}a gd ij~nsipnij*

Gd dmdp}dnij d gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~ k~ {j }sdcdba t{kkuihk {jd faji}asirdnij y ~kh{ifikj}a naj~}dj}k~* Pas kgga kg k~{ksra paspds}k mk gd kfpsk~d ed mk ~ks mknimima y naj}ij{dma* Ga t{k ~k asknkkj k~}d h{d ~aj {jd~ pd{}d~ pdsd gd~ pyfk~ t{k }amdvd ja ~k edydj iji&nidma kj gd psa}knnij mk ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~*

Pas t{ k~}d h{d1


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Ja ac~}dj}k' kj dgh{ja~ nd~a~' pamsd ~ks sknafkjmdcgk t{k gd kfpsk~dn{kj}k d~k~asdfikj}a ku}ksja' cikj pas pds}k mk ashdji~fa~ pcgina~ k~&pknidgirdma~ a kfpsk~d~ kupks}d~' mk fama t{k ~k hdsdj}ink gd nasskn}d ynafpgk}d ifpgkfkj}dnij mk gd~ acgihdniajk~*

Kj k~}k ~kj}ima' gd Dhkjnid K~pdagd mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~ %DKPM) mi~&pajk kj ~{ xkc xxx*dhpm*k~ mk {j Ndjdg mkg Sk~paj~dcgk mk Oineksa~'

t{k asknk ijasfdnij mk}dggdmd ~acsk gd~ ifpgindniajk~ mk gd jasfd}ivd~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~ pdsd gd~ kfpsk~d~ %y sk~}a mk ashdjirdniajk~)'d~ nafa pd{}d~ pdsd ~{ nasskn}d ifpgkfkj}dnij*

Pas a}sa gdma' kj xxx*ij}kna*k~ k~} mi~pajicgk {j nd}gaha mk naj~{g}a&sk~ mk jkhania' t{k ijng{yk {jd skgdnij mk psak~iajdgk~ k~pknidgirdma~kj asknks ~ag{niajk~ mk ~kh{simdm y psa}knnij mk md}a~ d gd~ pyfk~*^k }sd}d mk {j gi~}dma ja kued{~}iva' pksa p{kmk naj~}i}{is {j p{j}a mk

skkskjnid pdsd gd~ kfpsk~d~ t{k jknk~i}kj {j dpaya pdsd dmdp}ds~k dgd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~*

Dmkf~' kui~}kj kj kg fksndma pdt{k}k~ mk ~a}xdsk t{k }ikjkj nafaacbk}iva dpayds d gd~ ashdjirdniajk~ %kui~}kj pdt{k}k~ d fkmimd mk gd~pyfk~) }dj}a kj gd ifpgdj}dnij mk gd jasfd}ivd %gky y skhgdfkj}a) nafakj kg fdj}kjifikj}a pa~}ksias*

Pas t{ k~}d h{d1


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Gd h{d k~} misihimd d n{dgt{iks kfpsk~d k~pdagd' f{y k~pknidgfkj}k dgd pkt{kd y fkmidjd kfpsk~d y d ga~ psak~iajdgk~ d{}jafa~* Kj}ajnk~'t{ nisn{j~}djnid~ fa}ivdj gd jknk~imdm mk {jd h{d k~pknond pdsd gd~pyfk~1

Kj psifks g{hds' gd skgkvdjnid mkg nagkn}iva PYFK kj K~pdd d~ ga dnaj&~kbd* Kg }kbima kfpsk~dsidg k~pdag k~} naj~}i}{ima kj f~ mk {j 99+ pas

pkt{kd~ kfpsk~d~ mk fkja~ mk ;0 kfpgkdma~' y kj}sk kggd~ mk~}dndj naj{j pk~a k~pknidgfkj}k ja}asia gd~ kfpsk~d~ ~ij d~dgdsidma~* K~}d ~i}{dnij'mikskj}k d gd mkg sk~}a mk pd~k~ ijm{~}sidgirdma~' kuihk psk~}ds {jd d}kjnijk~pknidg dg nagkn}iva mk pyfk~ y finsapyfk~' kj }dj}a kj n{dj}a ~aj kg fa&}as psijnipdg mk gd knajafd y mk gd hkjksdnij mk kfpgka kj K~pdd*

Dmkf~' kg hsdma mk n{fpgifikj}a mk gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnijmk md}a~ ja ed ~ima kg fi~fa kj}sk gd~ pyfk~ y finsapyfk~ t{k kj}sk

gd~ hsdjmk~ kfpsk~d~* Gd~ kfpsk~d~ f~ hsdjmk~ {ksaj gd~ psifksd~ kjdmkn{ds~k d gd gky %gd GAPM kj}s kj vihas kj 4999) y ~aj gd~ pkt{kd~ yfkmidjd~ kfpsk~d~ gd~ t{k }amdvd k~}j kj d~k mk dmapnij k ifpgkfkj&}dnij* Gd Dhkjnid K~pdagd mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~' ashdji~fa kjndshdmamk vkgds pas kg n{fpgifikj}a mk gd gkhi~gdnij ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~'k~}ifd t{k kg jmink mk n{fpgifikj}a ~k ~i}d kj}sk kg 40+ y kg 4;+ mksk~paj~dcgk~ t{k edj n{fpgima naj gd acgihdnij mk skhi~}sds oneksa~* ^ijm{md' ~k }sd}d mk {j nagkn}iva t{k }amdvd }ikjk t{k ednks {j k~{ksra pdsddmap}ds gd jasfd}ivd' d{jt{k gd kvag{nij k~ pa~i}ivd2 kj 3008 ~k skhi~}s {j

ijnskfkj}a kj gd~ ij~nsipniajk~ mk oneksa~ kj gd DKPM mkg 30+' y ~k }sd}dpsijnipdgfkj}k mk oneksa~ pks}kjknikj}k~ d pyfk~ y finsapyfk~*

Ja ~k p{kmk acvids t{k' kj }sfija~ hkjksdgk~' gd mi~pajicigimdm mk skn{s&~a~ }njina~' knajfina~ y e{fdja~ k~pknona~ kj ~kh{simdm k~ f~skm{nimd kj}sk gd~ pyfk~ t{k kj}sk gd~ hsdjmk~ kfpsk~d~* K~}k ekneaed pamima naj~}i}{is {jd cdssksd pdsd gd~ pkt{kd~ kfpsk~d~' y pas kgga k~jknk~dsia pdgids k~}d dg}d mk skn{s~a~ naj dnniajk~ asfd}ivd~' nafa k~}d

3* D t{ij vd misihimd1

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H{d' t{k psapasniajd {jd cd~k ijasfd}ivd y jasfdgirdmasd pdsd t{k gd~pkt{kd~ kfpsk~d~ dcasmkj naj ui}a gd dmapnij mk gd jasfd}ivd ~acskpsa}knnij mk md}a~* Dmkf~' k~ jknk~dsia }ksfijds naj gd nskkjnid hkjk&sdgirdmd kj}sk gd~ kfpsk~d~ mk t{k dmdp}ds~k d gd gkhi~gdnij k~ nafpgindmay na~}a~a*

Pas g}ifa' k~ {jd skdgimdm t{k' eay pas eay' gd~ pyfk~ k~}j psk~kj}k~

kj }ama~ ga~ ~kn}ask~ mk dn}ivimdm knajfind* K~}k eknea mion{g}d' ~ijm{md' kg k~}dcgknifikj}a mk {j pd}sj mk nafpas}dfikj}a nafj t{k ~kdpgit{k pas ih{dg d }ipagahd~ mk jkhania }dj mivks~d~ nafa gd ea~}kgksd' kgpkt{ka nafksnia' ga~ psak~iajdgk~ gicksdgk~ a gd~ hk~}asd~' pas fkjnia&jds ~ga {ja~ kbkfpga~* Mkj}sa mk gd~ pyfk~' nafa nagkn}iva' kui~}kj d ~{vkr ~kn}ask~ f~ najnikjnidma~ ~acsk gd psa}knnij mk md}a~ y a}sa~ najfkjas jivkg mk n{fpgifikj}a* D~' pdsknk ghina pkj~ds t{k kfpsk~d~ y psa&k~iajdgk~ t{k }sdcdbdj naj md}a~ ~kj~icgk~ %naj~{g}d~ fmind~' aonijd~ mk

dsfdnid~' k}n) y dt{ggd~ k~pknidgfkj}k najnikjnidmd~ ~acsk gd ~kh{simdmy!a psa}knnij mk ga~ md}a~ %naj~{g}asd~ mk jkhania' mk~pdnea~ mk dcahd&ma~' k}n) p{kmkj' d psiasi' fa~}sds fdyask~ jmink~ mk n{fpgifikj}a mk gdjasfd}ivd' fikj}sd~ t{k pyfk~ n{ya acbk}a mk jkhania ja }ikjk skgdnijmiskn}d naj gd fd}ksid ~{kgkj fa~}sds fdyas mk~najanifikj}a mk gd fi~fd*

Kj sk~{fkj2 Gd H{d pdsd kfpsk~d~2 nfa dmdp}ds~k d gd jasfd}ivd~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~ ~k ed kjandma p{j}{dgfkj}k kj k~}k }kbimakfpsk~dsidg' y kj pds}in{gds d gd Misknnij mk gd PYFK y ~{~ mkpds}dfkj}a~

dmfiji~}sd}iva' b{smina y mk ijasf}ind' ~acsk ga~ t{k jasfdgfkj}k ~{kgkjskndks gd~ }dskd~ mk ifpgdj}dnij y ~kh{ifikj}a mk n{fpgifikj}a sk~pkn}amk gd gky * Ja ac~}dj}k' kg k~psi}{ mk n{fpgifikj}a y najnikjnidnij mk gdjasfd}ivd mkck k~}ds psk~kj}k kj }ama~ ga~ fci}a~ mk gd kfpsk~d* Kg kt{i&pa kbkn{}iva sk~paj~dcgk mkg n{fpgifikj}a jasfd}iva' mkck psapasniajdskvimkjnid~ mk ~{ nafpsafi~a pdsd k~}dcgknks' ifpgdj}ds' y pajks kj fdsnedfkmimd~ pdsd gd dmdp}dnij mk gd kfpsk~d d gd GAPM*

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Pas ga kupgindma ed~}d deasd' ~k pksogdj {jd ~ksik mk sdrajk~ t{k b{~}iondjgd jknk~imdm mk psa}khks ga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg* Dgh{jd~ ~aj mkndsn}ks apksd}iva' y }ikjkj t{k vks naj fkbasd~ a ckjkonia~ t{k dkn}djmiskn}dfkj}k dg jkhania t{k sknahk y }sd}d ga~ md}a~< a}sd~ ~aj mk ndsn}ksgkhdg' y mksivdj mk gd acgihd}asikmdm mk dmap}ds gd~ fkmimd~ jknk~dsid~ pdsdhdsdj}irds kg mksknea {jmdfkj}dg d gd psa}knnij mk md}a~* ^k psa{jmird dnaj}ij{dnij kj ndmd {ja mk kggd~*

Ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ ~aj {j dn}iva vdgia~a pdsd gd kfpsk~d

Ga~ md}a~ ~aj ijasfdnij' y gd ijasfdnij k~ vdgia~d* { vdgas sk~imkkj kg eknea mk ~ks' kj f{nea~ nd~a~' ijmi~pkj~dcgk pdsd naj}ij{dsnaj gd dn}ivimdm mk gd kfpsk~d2 md}a~ ~acsk ngikj}k~' psavkkmask~ akfpgkdma~ naj~}i}{ykj {jd ijasfdnij ngdvk' y pand~ vknk~ gd pyfk~k pgdj}kd gd~ naj~kn{kjnid~ jkhd}ivd~ mk gd psmimd mk k~}a~ md}a~*

Pas kgga' k~ jknk~dsia ednks {j k~{ksra pas psa}khksga~ pdsd hdsdj}i&rds ~{ najomkjnidgimdm %}dj}a ij}ksjd nafa ku}ksjd) y kvi}ds pa~icgk~ijnimkjnid~ mk ~kh{simdm2 psmimd' {hd a saca mk ijasfdnij t{kp{kmk ednks ggkhds ga~ md}a~ d pks~ajd~ ijdmkn{dmd~ %kfpsk~d~ mk gdnafpk}kjnid' fkmia~ mk naf{jindnij' kfpgkdma~ fdgij}kjniajdma~'k}n*)*

Gd ijasfdnij asmkjdmd y ~i~}kfd}irdmd dy{md d d{fkj}ds gdndgimdm mk gd~ apksdniajk~ mk gd kfpsk~d

Gd dmdp}dnij mk gd pyfk pdsd kg n{fpgifikj}a mk gd GAPM naj}sic{ykd fkbasds ga~ psank~a~ mk fdjkba mk gd ijasfdnij' yd t{k psapasnia&jd {jd n{g}{sd mk ndgimdm kj kg }sd}dfikj}a mk ga~ md}a~ y gd hk~}ij mkgjkhania t{k p{kmk }sd~gdmds~k d a}sa~ psank~a~ mk gd kfpsk~d* [jdn{k~}ij }dj c~ind nafa pajks kj asmkj gd ijasfdnij naj}sic{yk' kjand~iajk~' d mk}kn}ds psacgkfd~ a ndskjnid~ mkg jkhania*

>* Pas t{ k~ jknk~dsia psa}khks ga~md}a~ pks~ajdgk~1

Pas t{ k~ jknk~dsia psa}khks ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~1


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[jd kfpsk~d t{k hdsdj}ird gd psa}knnij mk ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~naj ga~ t{k }sdcdbd asknk {jd fdyas najodjrd

Gd ifdhkj naspasd}ivd t{k ngikj}k~' psavkkmask~ y apijij pcgind kjhkjksdg p{kmdj pksnicis mk {jd kfpsk~d k~ fkbas ~i f{k~}sd {jd pag&}ind dvasdcgk d gd psa}knnij mk md}a~* Gd apijij pcgind k~ ndmd vkrf~ ~kj~icgk dg }sd}dfikj}a t{k ~k ednk naj ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~' y

kj k~}k ~kj}ima ja ~aj ijskn{kj}k~ kj ga~ fkmia~ mk naf{jindnijskkskjnid~ d kfpsk~d~ t{k edj ggkvdma d ndca dghj nafpas}dfikj}anaj}sdsia d gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~* D~' dgh{jd~ ~i}{d&niajk~ nafa kg ku}sdva mk cd~k~ mk md}a~ mk hsdjmk~ kfpsk~d~ ~ijt{k e{cik~k napid~ mk sk~pdgma' kg }sd}dfikj}a ijdmkn{dma mk md}a~pks~ajdgk~ %pas kbkfpga' n{ssn{gd vi}dk mk mkfdjmdj}k~ mk kfpgkakjnaj}sdma~ kj naj}kjkmask~ mk cd~{sd) a gd sknkpnij ijmi~nsifijd&md mk p{cginimdm ~aj fdjik~}dniajk~ t{k' dmkf~ mk pskan{pds d gd

pks~ajd ~ind }i}{gds mkg mksknea t{k k~} ~ikjma v{gjksdma' ~{pajkj{j ifpdn}a jkhd}iva kj gd ifdhkj mk gd kfpsk~d*

Pas }ama kgga' gd dmapnij mk gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~k~ {jd skkskjnid y hdsdj}d mk ~ksikmdm y najodjrd pdsd ga~ dn}ask~t{k ~k skgdniajdj naj gd~ pyfk~ kj ~{ }sona midsia' psijnipdgfkj}kngikj}k~ y psavkkmask~' pksa }dfcij kfpsk~d~ mk gd nafpk}kjnid*D~' dgh{jd~ pyfk~ sknajankj edcks ijinidma kg psank~a mk dmdp}d&nij d gd gky dj}k {jd ~agini}{m mk dgh{ja mk ~{~ ngikj}k~' a dj}k gd

hkjksdgirdnij mk gd n{g}{sd mk psa}knnij mk md}a~ kj}sk kfpsk~d~pks}kjknikj}k~ d ~{ ~kn}as mk dn}ivimdm* Kj hkjksdg' ~k }sd}d mk {jckjkonia pdsd gd psapid ifdhkj y {jd fdjik~}dnij mk gd sk~paj~dci&gimdm ~anidg naspasd}ivd*



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Gd psa}knnij mk md}a~ k~ {j mksknea {jmdfkj}dg' y pas }dj}a ~kmkck vkgds pas ~{ hdsdj}d y sk~pk}a

Gd psa}knnij mk md}a~ k~ {j mksknea {jmdfkj}dg t{k dfpdsd d }a&ma~ ga~ ni{mdmdja~' y pdsd ~{ hdsdj}d kkn}ivd gd~ kfpsk~d~ edj mkn{fpgis gd~ mi~pa~iniajk~ pskvi~}d~ kj gd gky* Mk ga naj}sdsia' p{kmkjvks~k dkn}dmd~ pas mkj{jnid~ k ijng{~a ~djniajk~* Gd Dhkjnid K~pd&

agd mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~' nafa shdja nafpk}kj}k mkngdsdma kjgd Gky' }ikjk gd~ d}sic{niajk~ jknk~dsid~ pdsd skdgirds ij~pknniajk~ y~djniajds d ga~ t{k ijn{fpgkj gd jasfd}ivd* Gd~ kfpsk~d~ t{k mi~&pajkj mk md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg p{kmkj vks~k ijvag{nsdmd~ kj~djniajk~ skdgirdmd~ cdba mkj{jnid~ mk ga~ mikskj}k~ dhkj}k~ t{kpds}inipdj kj kg jkhania yd ~kd pas pds}k mk ~{~ ngikj}k~' nagdcasdma&sk~ a kfpgkdma~*

K~ mknis' kj }dj}a kj n{dj}a kg ijn{fpgifikj}a mk gd jasfd}ivd ~acskpsa}knnij mk md}a~ p{kmk ggkvds ifpgni}d~ ~djniajk~ t{k pamsdj dg&ndjrds ga~ ?00*000 kj ga~ nd~a~ f~ hsdvk~' k~ ngdsa t{k gd~ pyfk~mkckj ednks kg k~{ksra mk dmdp}ds~k d gd jasfd}ivd' yd t{k k~ gd ji&nd asfd mk k~}ds psa}khimd~ kkn}ivdfkj}k dj}k {jd pa~icgk mkj{jnida ~djnij*

Kg kphsdk = skpd~d gd nsajagahd mk gd psa}knnij mk md}a~ kj K~pddmk~mk {j p{j}a mk vi~}d jasfd}iva*

Dmdp}ds~k d gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~ k~ f~ ~kj&nigga mk ga t{k ~k pamsd pkj~ds

Gd psapid Dhkjnid K~pdagd mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~ ij~i~}k kj t{kkg n{fpgifikj}a k~ f~ ~kjnigga y hig mk ga t{k ijinidgfkj}k p{kmkjnaj~imksds gd~ pyfk~* D~' mk~mk gd DKPM ~k edj p{k~}a kj fdsnedj{fksa~d~ dnniajk~ dnigi}dmasd~ pdsd ~ifpgionds ga~ }sfi}k~ asfd&



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gk~ mk ga~ sk~paj~dcgk~ mk ga~ oneksa~2 ~k~iajk~ dciks}d~ mk mi{~ij'h{d~ naj pd{}d~ pdsd kg nasskn}a n{fpgifikj}a %gd DKPM ed p{cgind&ma gd H{d mkg Sk~paj~dcgk mk oineksa~ y gd H{d mk ^kh{simdmmkmd}a~3)' ifpgkfkj}dnij mkg ~i~}kfd JA]D' famkga~ mk ja}iondnijpskn{fpgifkj}dma~ pdsd ij~nsicis ga~ oneksa~' hsd}{imdm mk gd ij~nsip&nij Ih{dgfkj}k' IJ]KNA' d }sdv~ mk k~}d fi~fd H{d' psapasnia&jd pd{}d~ k ijasfdnij mk ij}ks~ pdsd dt{kggd~ kfpsk~d~ t{k k~}j

ifpgkfkj}djma gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~*

Dmkf~' kj gd~ pyfk~ najn{sskj {jd ~ksik mk nisn{j~}djnid~ t{k'edcgdjma kj }sfija~ hkjksdgk~' p{kmkj dnigi}ds gd ashdjirdnij mk gdijasfdnij* D~' pdsknk ghina pkj~ds t{k kg fkjas }dfda y {ba mkjkhania t{k fdjkbd {jd pyfk' kj nafpdsdnij naj {jd hsdj kfpsk&~d' p{kmk ifpginds {j fkjas vag{fkj mk ijasfdnij fdjkbdmd y pas}dj}a dnigi}ds ~{ asmkjdnij y naj}sag*

Gd dmapnij mk gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~ p{kmknaj~}i}{is kg psifks pd~a pdsd asikj}ds d gd kfpsk~d ednid {j kj&}asja mk ~kh{simdm f~ dfcinia~a

Kui~}kj kj gd dn}{dgimdm ~i~}kfd~ mk hk~}ij mk ~kh{simdm mk gd ij&asfdnij %^H^I) t{k pks~ih{kj' pas {j gdma' ijnaspasds gd ~kh{simdmkj ga~ ~i~}kfd~ mk ijasfdnij mk gd~ kfpsk~d~ nafa kgkfkj}a mk gdfkbasd mk gd hk~}ij y mk gd nafpk}i}ivimdm y' pas a}sa' asknks psa}kn&nij naj}sd ga~ sik~ha~ y psmimd~ d~anidma~ dg nsknikj}k {~a mk }knja&gahd~ mk gd ijasfdnij y mk gd naf{jindnij kj gd~ kfpsk~d~*

3 e}}p~2!!xxx*dhpm*k~!pas}dgxkc!ndjdgman{fkj}dniaj!p{cgindniajk~!ijmku&imk~&impep*pep



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4= )

Gd psifksd skkskjnid ~acsk gd jknk~imdm mk psa}khks gd ij}ifimdm pks~ajdgkj kg fci}a ijasf}ina md}d mkg da 4985* Kg ds}n{ga 45*= mk gd Naj~}i&}{nij k~pdagd mi~pajk t{k gd gky gifi}ds kg {~a mk gd ijoasf}ind pdsdhdsdj}irds kg eajas y gd ij}ifimdm pks~ajdg y odfigids mk ga~ ni{mdmdja~ y kg

pgkja kbksninia mk ~{~ mksknea~* D{jt{k ja ednk fkjnij kupgni}d d ga~md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg' ~}a~ asfdj pds}k mk gd ij}ifimdm mk gd~ pks~a&jd~' p{k~}a t{k pks}kjknkj dg fci}a f~ psivdma mk gd~ fi~fd~*

Kj 4993 dpdsknk gd psifksd Gky k~pdagd t{k skh{gd mk asfd k~pkno&nd gd n{k~}ij mk ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~* ^k }sd}d mk gd Gky Ashjind ;!93mk Skh{gdnij mkg ]sd}dfikj}a D{}afd}irdma mk ga~ Md}a~ mk Ndsn}ksPks~ajdg mk 3? mk An}{csk %GAS]DM' eay mksahdmd)' y ~{ acbk}iva k~psapasniajds nacks}{sd d ga k~}dcgknima kj kg ds}n{ga 45*= mk gd Naj~}i}{nijk~pdagd* ^{ fci}a mk dpgindnij ~k nisn{j~nsick kung{~ivdfkj}k d ga~ o&neksa~ mk ndsn}ks d{}afd}irdma*

Kg 3= mk An}{csk mk 499; ~k min}d gd Miskn}ivd K{sapkd 9;!=? NK mkg Pdsgd&fkj}a K{sapka y mkg Naj~kba skgd}ivd d gd psa}knnij mk gd~ pks~ajd~ ~ind~kj ga t{k sk~pkn}d dg }sd}dfikj}a mk md}a~ pks~ajdgk~* Gd miskn}ivd k~}dcgknkpsijnipia~ mk asikj}dnij pdsd mk}ksfijds gd gini}{m mk minea }sd}dfikj}a*

K~ d ojdgk~ mk 4999 n{djma ~k p{cgind kj K~pdd gd Gky Ashjind 4;!4999'mk 4> mk minikfcsk' mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~ mk Ndsn}ks Pks~ajdg%GAPM)' t{k sk~{kgvk kg vdna gkhdg kui~}kj}k mk~mk 4993 skkskj}k d ga~oneksa~ mk ndsn}ks ja d{}afd}irdma' dfpgidjma kg fci}a mk dpgindnijd }ama }ipa mk oneksa~' ijmkpkjmikj}kfkj}k mkg ~apas}k kj kg n{g ~kdj}sd}dma~* K~}d gky' t{k mksahd gd GAS]DM' ~k dmkn{d d ga k~}dcgknima kjgd Miskn}ivd K{sapkd 9;!=? NK' y k~}dcgknk gd~ acgihdniajk~ skgd}ivd~ d gd sk&nahimd mk ga~ md}a~' naj~kj}ifikj}a' dgfdnkjdbk' naj~ksvdnij' {~a' md}a~k~pknidgfkj}k psa}khima~' naf{jindnij a nk~ij mk ga~ fi~fa~ y }sdj~&kskjnid~ ij}ksjdniajdgk~ mk md}a~* Gd GAPM fdsnd kg ijinia mk {jd j{kvdk}dpd mkg mksknea mk ij}ifimdm mk gd~ pks~ajd~' f~ nafpgk}d y db{~}dmd d

=* Nsajagahd mk gd psa}knnij mk md}a~kj K~pdd

Nsajagahd mk gd psa}knnij mk md}a~ kj K~pdd


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%4;

gd skdgimdm mk n{dgt{iks psk~kj}dnij mk ijasfdnij ~acsk gd vimd psivdmdmk {j ijmivim{a*

Gd GAPM ~k dpay apksd}ivdfkj}k kj kg Skhgdfkj}a mk Fkmimd~ mk ^k&h{simdm %SF^' Skdg Mknsk}a 99=!4999 mk Fkmimd~ mk ^kh{simdm mk ga~oneksa~ d{}afd}irdma~ t{k naj}kjhdj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg mk44 mk B{jia mk 4999) nafa ij~}s{fkj}a pdsd dnigi}ds ga~ fkndji~fa~ psn&

}ina~ pdsd n{fpgis naj gd~ psk~nsipniajk~ k~}dcgknimd~ kj gd GAPM* Kg SF^'eay mksahdma pas kg SMGAPM' skh{gdcd gd~ fkmimd~ }njind~ y ashdjird&}ivd~ t{k mkcdj dpginds~k d ga~ ~i~}kfd~ mk ijasfdnij kj ga~ n{dgk~ ~k}sd}kj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg mk asfd d{}afd}irdmd*

Gd ^kj}kjnid 393!3000 mkg ]sic{jdg Naj~}i}{niajdg' mk >0 mk javikfcsk'fdsnd {j ei}a kj kg fci}a mk gd psa}knnij mk md}a~ dg sknahks mk fdjksdkupsk~d kg mksknea {jmdfkj}dg d gd psa}knnij mk md}a~ nafa {j mksknead{}jafa k ijmkpkjmikj}k mkg mksknea mk ij}ifimdm*

Oijdgfkj}k' dpdsknk kg Skdg Mknsk}a 4830!3008' mk 34 mk Minikfcsk' pas kgt{k ~k dps{kcd kg Skhgdfkj}a mk Mk~dssagga mk gd Gky Ashjind mk Psa&}knnij mk Md}a~ mk Ndsn}ks Pks~ajdg %SMGAPM dpsacdma kj Naj~kbamk Fiji~}sa~ mk 34!43!3008 y p{cgindma kj kg Cagk}j Aonidg mkg K~}dma kg 49mk Kjksa mk 3005)* K~}k skhgdfkj}a mksahd dg SF^ mk 4999 y mk~dssaggd mkasfd nafpgk}d gd Gky Ashjind 4;!4999 mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~ mk ndsn}kspks~ajdg* Kg skhgdfkj}a naj}sic{yk d naj~kh{is {jd fdyas ngdsimdm kj gd

dpgindnij mk gd jasfd y d dmdp}ds ~{~ pskvi~iajk~ d gd skdgimdm kui~}kj}k kjgd dn}{dgimdm* Gd GAPM k~ }dj hkjksdg' y psk}kjmk dpginds~k d }dg {jivks~a mk~{p{k~}a~ mi~}ij}a~' t{k jknk~i}dcd mk {j skhgdfkj}a t{k gd mk~dssaggd~ky najnsk}d~k dg fuifa' dmdp}jmagd d gd skdgimdm dn}{dg y d ~kn}ask~ f{ymikskj}k~*

Kg skhgdfkj}a mk mk~dssagga mk gd GAPM naj}ikjk j{kvd~ ifpgindniajk~ pdsdgd~ kfpsk~d~' nafa ~aj gd~ ku}kj~iajk~ mk fkmimd~ mk ~kh{simdm pdsd ga~

oneksa~ ja d{}afd}irdma~' ga~ ndfcia~ mk jivkgk~ mk ~kh{simdm dpgindcgk~ d



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4? )

mi~}ij}d~ }ipagahd~ mk md}a~ a gd~ }sdj~kskjnid~ mk md}a~ kj}sk hs{pa~ ij}ksjd&niajdgk~ mk kfpsk~d~' kj}sk a}sd~* D~' k~}dcgknk gd~ jasfd~' fkmimd~' psank&mifikj}a~ y fkndji~fa~ t{k ~k edj mk dmap}ds acgihd}asidfkj}k pdsd hdsdj}i&rds gd ~kh{simdm sk~pkn}a d ga~ oneksa~ d{}afd}irdma~ y ja d{}afd}irdma~' ga~nkj}sa~ mk }sd}dfikj}a' gandgk~' kt{ipa~' ~i~}kfd~' psahsdfd~ y gd~ pks~ajd~t{k ij}ksvkjhdj kj kg }sd}dfikj}a mk ga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg*

Gd Dhkjnid K~pdagd mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~%DKPM) k~ {j kj}k mk Mk&sknea pcgina' naj pks~ajdgimdm b{smind psapid y pgkjd ndpdnimdm pcgind ypsivdmd' t{k dn}d naj pgkjd ijmkpkjmkjnid mk gd~ Dmfiji~}sdniajk~ Pcgi&nd~ kj kg kbksninia mk ~{~ {jniajk~* ^{ fi~ij k~ vkgds past{k ~k hdsdj}inkkg mksknea mk gd psa}knnij mk md}a~' ga t{k ~ihjiond sknicis gd~ mkj{jnid~ mkn{dgt{iks ni{mdmdja' ijvk~}ihdsgd~ y ~djniajdsgd~' ~i nassk~pajmk* Dmkf~'d gd Dhkjnid gk nassk~pajmk d~k~asds d ni{mdmdja~ y dg najb{j}a mk gd~ dm&fiji~}sdniajk~ pcgind~ ~acsk nfa hdsdj}irds kg mksknea* Kj najnsk}a' gd~

{jniajk~ f~ mk~}dndmd~ mk gd Dhkjnid ~aj2

Ijasfds ~acsk kg naj}kjima' ga~ psijnipia~ y gd~ hdsdj}d~ mkg mksknea{jmdfkj}dg d gd psa}knnij mk md}a~*

Dy{mds dg ni{mdmdja d kbksni}ds ~{~ mksknea~' y d ga~ sk~paj~dcgk~ ykjndshdma~ mk }sd}dfikj}a~ d n{fpgis gd~ acgihdniajk~ t{k k~}dcgknkgd GAPM*

]{}kgds dg ni{mdmdja kj kg kbksninia mk ga~ mksknea~ mk dnnk~a' skn}i&ondnij' ndjnkgdnij y apa~inij n{djma ja edj ~ima d}kjmima~ dmk&n{dmdfkj}k pas ga~ sk~paj~dcgk~ mk ga~ oneksa~*

Hdsdj}irds kg mksknea d gd psa}knnij mk md}a~' ijvk~}ihdjma dt{kggd~dn}{dniajk~ mk ga~ sk~paj~dcgk~ a kjndshdma~ mk oneksa~ t{k p{k&mdj ~ks naj}sdsid~ d ga~ psijnipia~ y hdsdj}d~ naj}kjima~ kj gd GAPM'k ifpajks' kj ~{ nd~a' gd nassk~pajmikj}k ~djnij*



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Kj k~}k dpds}dma ~k kj{fksdj y mkojkj {jd ~ksik mk najnkp}a~ c~ina~ t{kp{kmkj sk~{g}ds mk dy{md kj gd d~k mk dmdp}dnij d gd jasfd}ivd* ^k }sd}dmk d~pkn}a~ hkjksdgk~' y ~{ nasskn}d nafpskj~ij k~ ngdvk pdsd gd ij}ksia&sirdnij ga~ kphsdk~ ~ih{ikj}k~ t{k sk~{fkj kg psank~a mk dmapnij mk gdjasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~ t{k mkckj ggkvds d ndca gd~ kfpsk~d~*

Md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg2 n{dgt{iks ijasfdnij j{fsind' dgdc&

}ind' hsond' a}ahsond' dn~}ind a mk n{dgt{iks }ipa najnksjikj}k dpks~ajd~ ~ind~ imkj}iondmd~ a imkj}iondcgk~* ^khj k~}d mkojinijkg jafcsk' gd misknnij' ga~ md}a~ mk naj}dn}a' kg n{ssin{g{f vi}dk' kg~dgdsia naj~}i}{ykj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg*

Oineksa2 najb{j}a ashdjirdma mk md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg' n{dg&t{iksd t{k ~kd gd asfd a famdgimdm mk ~{ nskdnij' dgfdnkjdfikj}a'ashdjirdnij y dnnk~a* K~' pas }dj}a' kg ~apas}k ~ina' yd ~kd d{}a&

fd}irdma' ja d{}afd}irdma a fiu}a' kj kg t{k ~k sknahk y dgfdnkjd'mk fdjksd ashdjirdmd' kg najb{j}a mk md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg t{kij}khsdj gd ijasfdnij*

Oineksa d{}afd}irdma2n{djma ga~ md}a~ ~k kjn{kj}sdj dgfdnkjdma~kj mi~pa~i}iva~ ijasf}ina~ %mi~na~ m{sa~' asmkjdmask~' M_M) t{kskt{ikskj mk ekssdfikj}d~ ndpdnk~ mk mk~nisds gd ijasfdnij t{knaj}ikjkj pdsd ~{ }sd}dfikj}a' ~k edcgd mk oneksa~ d{}afd}irdma~*

Oineksa ja d{}afd}irdma2 kj kg nd~a kj t{k kg najb{j}a mk md}a~ k~&}j dgfdnkjdma~ kj ~apas}k~ t{k ja skt{ikskj mk ekssdfikj}d~ pdsd~{ }sd}dfikj}a' nafa kg pdpkg' ~k edcgd mk oneksa ja d{}afd}irdma afdj{dg %~ikfpsk y n{djma kg oneksa k~} k~}s{n}{sdma najasfk d nsi&}ksia~ k~pknona~ skgd}iva~ d pks~ajd~ ~ind~' t{k pksfi}dj dnnkmks~ij k~{ksra~ mk~psapasniajdma~ d ~{~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~)* k ijng{ykjkj k~}d mkojinij dsneiva~ majmk ~k sknabdj &mk asfd k~}s{n}{sdmd&man{fkj}a~ kj pdpkg mkg }ipa' pas kbkfpga' n{ssn{gd vi}dk mk ndjmi&

Najnkp}a~ y dhkj}k~ ngdvk kj gd psa}knnij mk md}a~

;* Najnkp}a~ y dhkj}k~ ngdvk kj gdpsa}knnij mk md}a~


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45 )

md}a~ d {j p{k~}a mk }sdcdba' dn}{sd~ mk psavkkmask~' dgcdsdjk~ mkngikj}k~' }dsbk}ksa~ naj naj}dn}a~

Oineksa fiu}a2 ~k mkjafijdj oneksa~ fiu}a~ d dt{gga~ n{ya~ md}a~k~}j mi~}sic{ima~ kj}sk ~apas}k~ d{}afd}irdma~ y ja d{}afd}irdma~*

]sd}dfikj}a mk md}a~2 n{dgt{iks apksdnij a psankmifikj}a }njina'

~kd a ja d{}afd}irdma' t{k pksfi}d gd sknahimd' hsdcdnij' naj~ks&vdnij' kgdcasdnij' famiondnij' naj~{g}d' {}igirdnij' ndjnkgdnij'cgat{ka a ~{psk~ij' d~ nafa gd~ nk~iajk~ mk md}a~ t{k sk~{g}kj mknaf{jindniajk~' naj~{g}d~' ij}ksnajkuiajk~ y }sdj~kskjnid~*

Nk~ij a naf{jindnij mk md}a~2 famdgimdm mk }sd}dfikj}a mk md&}a~ t{k ~{pajk ~{ skvkgdnij d {jd pks~ajd mi~}ij}d mkg psapia ij}ksk&~dma* K~ mknis' p{kmk edcks and~iajk~ kj t{k ~kd jknk~dsia t{k gd

kfpsk~d t{k n{kj}d naj ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ ga~ nkmd d {jd }ksnksdpks~ajd a kfpsk~d' mikskj}k mkg }i}{gds mkg mksknea* K~}k najnkp}ak~ f{y dfpgia' p{k~}a t{k skvkgdnij sknahk }dj}a gd kj}skhd' naf{&jindnij' naj~{g}d' ij}ksnajkuij' }sdj~kskjnid' mi{~ij a n{dgt{iksa}sd asfd t{k dnigi}k kg dnnk~a d ga~ md}a~ mk {j oneksa d {j }ksnksa'mi~}ij}a mkg ij}ksk~dma*

Jivkgk~ mk ~kh{simdm2 gd gky imkj}iond }sk~ jivkgk~ mk fkmimd~ mk~kh{simdm dpgindcgk~ d ga~ oneksa~ t{k naj}kjhdj md}a~ mk ndsn&}ks pks~ajdg2 c~ina' fkmia y dg}a* Kg k~}dcgknifikj}a mk {ja { a}sajivkg mk ~kh{simdm ~k dmap}d kj {jnij mk gd mikskj}k ~kj~icigimdmmk ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ ijng{ima~ kj ga~ dsneiva~' naj~imksjma~k mkjivkg c~ina ga~ oneksa~ naj ijasfdnij fkja~ ~kj~icgk y mk jivkgdg}a dt{gga~ t{k sknahkj ijasfdnij mk jd}{sdgkrd k~pknidgfkj}k~kj~icgk* ^k vksj naj mk}dggk kj kg kphsdk 9*



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%49

Ga~ psijnipdgk~ dn}ask~ t{k gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~ naj&}kfpgd ~aj ga~ ~ih{ikj}k~2

Dkn}dma a ij}ksk~dma2 pks~ajd ~ind }i}{gds mk ga~ md}a~ t{k ~kdjacbk}a mk }sd}dfikj}a* K~ mknis' kg ngikj}k' kfpgkdma' psavkkmas' ndj&mimd}a d asfds pds}k mk gd kfpsk~d' pdnikj}k' k}n*' n{ya~ md}a~ k~}j~ikjma }sd}dma~ pas gd kfpsk~d*

Sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa a sk~paj~dcgk mk }sd}dfikj}a2 pks~ajd~ind a b{smind' mk jd}{sdgkrd pcgind a psivdmd' { shdja dmfiji~}sd&}iva' t{k mknimd ~acsk gd ojdgimdm' naj}kjima y {~a mkg }sd}dfikj}a* K~mknis' gd psapid kfpsk~d ~ks gd sk~paj~dcgk mk ga~ oneksa~ t{k naj&}ikjkj md}a~ skgd}iva~ d ~{~ kfpgkdma~' psavkkmask~' ngikj}k~' k}n*

Kjndshdma mk }sd}dfikj}a2 pks~ajd ~ind a b{smind' mk jd}{sdgkrd

pcgind a psivdmd' { ashdji~fa dmfiji~}sd}iva' t{k }sd}k md}a~ pks~a&jdgk~ pas n{kj}d mkg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa a sk~paj~dcgk mk }sd}d&fikj}a*

Nk~iajdsia mk md}a~2k~ gd pks~ajd ~ind a b{smind' pcgind a psivdmd{ shdja dmfiji~}sd}iva' dg t{k ~k gk skvkgdj ga~ md}a~*

Sk~paj~dcgk mk ~kh{simdm2 pks~ajd a pks~ajd~ d gd~ t{k kg sk~&

paj~dcgk mkg oneksa ed d~ihjdma asfdgfkj}k gd {jnij mk naasmijdsy naj}sagds gd~ fkmimd~ mk ~kh{simdm* ^{ {jnij k~ psa}khks y ~dgvd&h{dsmds gd ijasfdnij ~kj~icgk mkj}sa mk gd kfpsk~d*

[~{dsia2 k~ gd pks~ajd t{k skdgird kg }sd}dfikj}a mk ga~ md}a~ sknapigd&ma~ kj {j oneksa kj mikskj}k~ fafkj}a~ mk {j }sd}dfikj}a mk md}a~'yd ~kd fkmidj}k ekssdfikj}d~ k~pknond~ %pas kbkfpga' dpgindniajk~ijasf}ind~)' a dnnkmikjma d ga~ fi~fa~ kj oneksa~ mk pdpkg*



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Gd dmapnij mk {jd n{g}{sd mk psa}knnij mk md}a~ pas pds}k mk gd kfpsk~d~{pajk {jd apas}{jimdm mk fkbasd pdsd ga~ psank~a~ mkg jkhania* Kgga sk&t{ksis gd ifpgkfkj}dnij mk {jd ~ksik mk fkmimd~ ashdjird}ivd~ y }njind~t{k mkckj ~ks dmap}dmd~ pas }ama kg pks~ajdg mk gd kfpsk~d kj ga~ psank&~a~ kj ga~ t{k ~k vkdj dkn}dma~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg* ^k mk~nsickjkj k~}k kphsdk gd~ d~k~ psap{k~}d~ pdsd dnafk}ks naj ui}a gd ifpgkfkj&}dnij mk gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~ pas pds}k mk gd~ pyfk~* k

mkck kj}kjmks nafa {j psank~a asikj}d}iva' t{k skt{iksk skn{s~a~ mk~}ijd&ma~ dg kkn}a y skvi~iajk~ naj~}dj}k~*

Asikj}d}iva2 kg psank~a t{k ~k mk}dggd d naj}ij{dnij mk~nsick gd~ psij&nipdgk~ acgihdniajk~ pskvi~}d~ kj gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md&}a~ y gd ~kn{kjnid }kfpasdg kj kg t{k ~k p{kmkj dsaj}ds* ^k }sd}d mksknafkjmdniajk~ mk ndsn}ks hkjsina' t{k asknkj {jd vi~ij hgacdg~acsk kg }ipa mk dn}{dniajk~ jknk~dsid~ y kbkfpga~ psn}ina~ mk nfaifpgkfkj}ds dgh{jd~ mk kggd~* Ja ac~}dj}k' k~}k psank~a skt{iksk mk

{jd ~ksik mk najanifikj}a~ }njina~ y b{smina~< pas kgga' kj nd~a mkm{md' p{miksd ~ks najvkjikj}k naj}ds naj kg dpaya mk ga~ ~ksvinia~mk naj~{g}d hsd}{i}a~ mk t{k mi~pajk gd Dmfiji~}sdnij a cikj naj gdpds}inipdnij mk {j psak~iajdg kj gd fd}ksid* ]ama kgga' pdsd d~kh{sds{jd dmapnij nasskn}d y nafpgk}d*

Jknk~imdm mk skn{s~a~2 naj ndsn}ks hkjksdg' gd~ acgihdniajk~ pskvi~&}d~ kj gd jasfd}ivd }ikjkj ndsn}ks hsd}{i}a pdsd gd kfpsk~d %pas kbkf&pga' gd ja}iondnij mk oneksa~ dj}k kg Skhi~}sa mk gd DKPM' acgihdnijkj gd t{k ~k psa{jmirds f~ dmkgdj}k)* Ja ac~}dj}k' dgh{jd~ mk gd~fkmimd~ mk ~kh{simdm p{kmkj ifpginds gd dmdp}dnij' famiondnij a~{~}i}{nij mk ~i~}kfd~* K~ pa~icgk t{k gd kfpsk~d mkcd mk~}ijds sk&n{s~a~ e{fdja~ y' kj and~iajk~' knajfina~ pdsd gd ifpgkfkj}dnijmk gd jasfd}ivd*

Skvi~iajk~ naj~}dj}k~2 gd dmapnij mk gd gky y mk ~{ skhgdfkj}a mkmk~dssagga ja mkck dsaj}ds~k nafa {j eknea p{j}{dg mk n{fpgifikj}a'

?* Psank~a mk dmapnij mk gd jasfd}ivd

Psank~a mk dmapnij mk gd jasfd}ivd


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Od~k I* Dmdp}dnij mk oneksa~2 {jd mk gd~ psijnipdgk~ ifpgindniajk~t{k gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~ }ikjk pdsd gd~ kfpsk~d~k~ gd jknk~imdm mk ja}ionds ~{~ oneksa~ dj}k kg Skhi~}sa mk gd DKPM*Pdsd kgga' nafa pd~a pskvia' k~ jknk~dsia t{k gd kfpsk~d imkj}iot{kga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg t{k ~k k~}j fdjkbdjma kj ~{ fci}ay nfa ~k kjn{kj}sdj ~}a~ ashdjirdma~ %oneksa~ d{}afd}irdma~' jad{}afd}irdma~' fiu}a~)*

Od~k II* Gkhi}ifdnij mk md}a~2 }ama~ ga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks&~ajdg sknahima~ pas gd kfpsk~d' mkckj naj}ds naj kg naj~kj}ifikj}amkg dkn}dma' d~ nafa n{fpgis {jd ~ksik mk psijnipia~ y acgihdniajk~c~ind~ pskvi~}d~ kj gd jasfd}ivd' t{k ~k }sd}dsj kj mk}dggk kj k~}kdpds}dma*

Od~k III* Pag}ind~ mk ~kh{simdm mk md}a~2gd GAPM y kg SMGAPM k~&

}dcgknkj {jd ~ksik mk fkmimd~ mk ndsn}ks }njina y ashdjird}iva t{khdsdj}inkj gd ~kh{simdm mk ga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg' t{k edcsj mkdmap}ds~k pas gd kfpsk~d a psak~iajdg t{k dgfdnkjk k~}a~ md}a~* Kj}skk~}d~ fkmimd~ ~k ijng{yk gd kgdcasdnij mk {j man{fkj}a mk ~kh{simdmkj kg t{k ~k mk}dggdsj ga~ md}a~ dgfdnkjdma~' gd~ fkmimd~ mk ~kh{si&mdm dmap}dmd~' d~ nafa gd~ pks~ajd~ t{k }ikjkj dnnk~a d k~a~ md}a~*

Psank~a mk dmapnij mk gd jasfd}ivd


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Kg psifks pd~a k~ imkj}ionds ga~ oneksa~ naj md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ t{kk~}j ~ikjma fdjkbdma~ pas gd kfpsk~d y t{k k~}j ~{bk}a~ d gd~mi~pa~iniajk~ ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~*

Kg 9?+ mk gd~ pkt{kd~ kfpsk~d~ k~pdagd~ mi~pajkj mk oneksa~ t{knaj}ikjkj md}a~ pks~ajdgk~>' yd ~kd kj ~apas}k d{}afd}irdma a ja d{}a&fd}irdma* Gd psk~kjnid' pas }dj}a' mk k~}k }ipa mk oneksa~ k~ psn}indfkj}k{jivks~dg kj}sk k~}k nagkn}iva*

Pdsd ~dcks ~i' kkn}ivdfkj}k' gd kfpsk~d }sdcdbd naj md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ as&hdjirdma~ kj oneksa~' k~ ~{onikj}k naj skkuiajds ~acsk kg }ipa mk md}a~pks~ajdgk~ t{k fdjkbd %md}a~ mk psavkkmask~' ngikj}k~' ndjmimd}a~' kf&pgkdma~' pas kbkfpga)' y djdgirds ~i k~}a~ md}a~ ~aj dgfdnkjdma~ mk asfdashdjirdmd %k~ mknis' ~ih{ikjma {j nsi}ksia mk asmkjdnij mk dghj }ipa2 dg&dc}ina' nsajaghina***)' mk }dg asfd t{k ~kd pa~icgk dnnkmks ~ij k~{ksra~mk~psapasniajdma~ d ga~ fi~fa~*

Mk k~}d asfd' naj~}i}{isdj oneksa~ mk md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ ga~ ~ih{ikj}k~kbkfpga~2 {jd cd~k mk md}a~ mk ngikj}k~ y!a psavkkmask~' gd skgdnij mk kf&pgkdma~' {j dsneiva naj dn}{sd~ mk psavkkmask~ y!a dgcdsdjk~ mk ngikj}k~ an{ssn{gd vi}dk mk mkfdjmdj}k~ mk kfpgka*

]dfcij ~k mkck mk}ksfijds kg ~apas}k kj kg t{k k~}j dgfdnkjdma~ ga~oneksa~' p{mikjma }sd}ds~k mk oneksa~ d{}afd}irdma~' ja d{}afd}irdma~ a

fiu}a~ %vks mkojiniajk~ kj dpds}dma ;)*

[jd vkr mk}ksfijdmd gd kui~}kjnid kkn}ivd mk oneksa~ naj md}a~ pks&~ajdgk~' kg psifks skt{i~i}a k~ gd ja}iondnij mk ga~ fi~fa~ dj}k kg sk&hi~}sa mk gd DKPM*

> Md}a~ mkg K~}{mia ~acsk kg hsdma mk dmdp}dnij mk gd~ Pkt{kd~ y Fkmidjd~ Kfpsk~d~ k~pdagd~ d gd

Gky Ashjind mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~ %GAPM) y ~{ j{kva Skhgdfkj}a mk mk~dssagga %SMGAPM)' mi~pajicgk

kj2 e}}p2!!xxx*ij}kna*k~!^kh{simdm!Ac~ksvd}asia!Dn}{dgimdmQAc~ksvd}asia!K~}{miaQGAPMQPYFK^

8* OD^K I2 Dmdp}dnij mk ga~ oneksa~

OD^K I2 Dmdp}dnij mk ga~ oneksa~


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Gd ja}iondnij ~k mkck skdgirds naj ndsn}ks pskvia d ~{ nskdnij' y kj kgnd~a mk oneksa~ yd kui~}kj}k~ ~}d mkck ednks~k d gd fdyas cskvkmdm*

Kg psank~a mk ja}iondnij k~ hsd}{i}a y ~k p{kmk skdgirds d }sdv~ mkg as&f{gdsia ij}ksdn}iva JA]D %Ja}iondniajk~ ]kgkf}ind~ d gd Dhkjnid )' mi~&pajicgk ajgijk kj kg pas}dg mk gd DKPM xxx*dhpm*k~' }dg y nafa skkbd gdIg{~}sdnij* Kg psank~a k~ f{y ~kjnigga' y kj gd xkc ~k asknkj fdj{dgk~ y

pskh{j}d~ skn{kj}d~ pdsd dnigi}ds ~{ kbkn{nij naj ui}a* ^k asknkj dt{pd{}d~ vi~{dgk~ pdsd ggkvdsgd d ndca*

Ac}kjnij mkg asf{gdsia JA]D %xxx*dhpm*k~)



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%3;

Mkj}sa mk JA]D' d ~{ vkr' ~k mk~pgikhdj {jd ~ksik mk apniajk~ skkskj}k~ dgd ij~nsipnij mk oneksa~* Kj kggd~' gd Dhkjnid asknk ijasfdnij }ig ~acsk kgpsank~a2 ga~ dpds}dma~ naj ijasfdnij ~acsk T{ij mkck ja}ioinds' Pskh{j&}d~ oskn{kj}k~' T{ k~ kg ~i~}kfd JA]D a n{gk~ ~aj ga~ Pd~a~ pdsd gd ja&}ioindnij mk {j oineksa' pas kbkfpga' mkcksdj ~ks gkmd~ dj}k~ mk psankmkskkn}ivdfkj}k d gd Ac}kjnij mkg asf{gdsia JA]D %fkj mk gd irt{iksmd)*

Ac}kjnij mkg asf{gdsia JA]D %II) %xxx*dhpm*k~)

[jd vkr mkj}sa mk Ac}kjnij mkg asf{gdsia JA]D' gd DKPM asknk' kj}ska}sa~ man{fkj}a~' gd H{d spimd mkg oasf{gdsia JA]D' {j Fdj{dg mkg oas&

f{gdsia kgkn}sjina mk ja}ioindnij mk oineksa~ mk ]i}{gdsimdm Psivdmd y {jdpds}dma mk Pskh{j}d~ f~ Oskn{kj}k~=* Gd gkn}{sd mk ga~ }sk~ man{fkj}a~

= Ga~ }sk~ man{fkj}a~ k~}j mi~pajicgk~ kj2 e}}p~2!!xxx*dhpm*k~!pas}dgxkc!ndjdgsk~paj~dcgk!ij~nsip&

niajQoineksa~!Ac}kjniajQoasf{gdsia!ijmku&imk~&impep*pep



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k~ sknafkjmdcgk dj}k~ mk psankmks d gd ja}iondnij* Kj kgga~ ~k mk}dggdj ga~pd~a~ pdsd skggkjds kg asf{gdsia' gd~ mikskj}k~ asfd~ mk psk~kj}dnij mkgfi~fa dj}k gd Dhkjnid' ga~ pd~a~ pdsd famionds a ~{psifis gd ij~nsipnij'pd{}d~ pdsd gd nasskn}d n{fpgifkj}dnij mkg asf{gdsia y gd~ m{md~ f~skn{kj}k~ naj t{k ~k kjskj}dj ga~ ni{mdmdja~ d gd easd mk psankmks d gdja}iondnij mk oneksa~*

Naj kgga' gd kfpsk~d k~} kj najminiajk~ mk ijinids kg psank~a d }sdv~ mkggijl Oasf{gdsia JA]D mk }i}{gdsimdm psivdmd*

Ac}kjnij mkg asf{gdsia JA]D %III) %xxx*dhpm*k~)

D pds}is mk dt{' kg psahsdfd vd h{idjma dg {~{dsia d }sdv~ mk {jd ~ksik mkpdj}dggd~ ij}{i}ivd~ t{k ~agini}dj mi~}ij}a~ md}a~ dg ~agini}dj}k* [jd gkn}{sd d gd~h{d~ mk dpaya t{k gd DKPM pajk d mi~pa~inij mkg ij}ksjd{}d k~ ~{onikj}kpdsd ~{pksds naj ui}a kg psank~a' t{k k~ f{y ~kjnigga y spima* Dgh{ja~ mk}d&ggk~ psn}ina~ t{k p{kmkj sk~{g}ds mk ij}ks~ dg kfpsk~dsia ~aj ga~ ~ih{ikj}k~2

Gd DKPM' pdsd dnigi}ds kg psank~a mk ja}iondnij' asknk ma~ famkga~

mk mkngdsdnij2 kg famkga jasfdg y kg famkga }ipa* Kg famkga }ipa



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k~ {j famkga pskmk}ksfijdma' t{k n{csk ga~ nd~a~ f~ skn{kj}k~ kjkg kj}asja PYFK %oneksa~ mk ngikj}k~' psavkkmask~ y jfijd~' kj}ska}sa~ fa~}sdma~ kj gd ~ih{ikj}k ig{~}sdnij)* K~ f~ ~kjnigga mk skggk&jds t{k kg famkga jasfdg' y kj f{ned~ and~iajk~ ~ks ~{onikj}k najk~}k famkga pdsd gd ja}iondnij mk ga~ oneksa~ f~ edci}{dgk~ mkg}sona mk gd pyfk*

]ipa~ mk oneksa~ pskvi~}a~ kj kg famkga }ipa mkg asf{gdsia JA]D %xxx*dhpm*k~)

Pdsd gd psk~kj}dnij mk gd man{fkj}dnij gd DKPM pajk d mi~pa~inijmkg kfpsk~dsia }sk~ famdgimdmk~2 kj pdpkg' d }sdv~ mk Ij}ksjk}' y d}sdv~ mk Ij}ksjk} naj nks}iondma mihi}dg %osfd kgkn}sjind)* Kj n{dg&t{iksd mk ga~ }sk~ nd~a~ gd~ ~agini}{mk~ mk ij~nsipnij mk oneksa~ mk&cksj skdgirds~k d }sdv~ mkg asf{gdsia kgkn}sjina mk Ja}iondniajk~]kgkf}ind~ d gd DKPM %JA]D) mk~nsi}a kj k~}d H{d*



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_i~}d hkjksdg mkg asf{gdsia JA]D %xxx*dhpm*k~)



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K~}d d~k pskv gd ac~ksvdnij mk {jd ~ksik mk psijnipia~ c~ina~ yacgihdniajk~ t{k mkckj skhis kg }sd}dfikj}a y sknahimd mk md}a~ paspds}k mk gd~ pyfk~*

^k }sd}d kj }ama~ ga~ nd~a~ mk dn}{dniajk~ }kjmkj}k~ d d~kh{sds gd kkn}ivdhdsdj}d mkg mksknea {jmdfkj}dg d gd psa}knnij mk md}a~ t{k dfpdsd d

n{dgt{iks ni{mdmdja k~pdag* K~}k dpds}dma mkck ~ks kj}kjmima nafa {jdij}sam{nnij d gd fd}ksid' naj kupgindniajk~ t{k ij}kj}dj ~ks mimn}ind~ y mkndsn}ks psn}ina*

^k kj{fksdj d naj}ij{dnij dgh{ja~ psijnipia~ t{k mkckj ~ks ac~ksvdma~ paskg sk~paj~dcgk kj kg }sd}dfikj}a mk ga~ md}a~' y t{k }ikjkj t{k vks naj gd ndgimdmmk ga~ fi~fa~* Kg eknea mk t{k ga~ md}a~ t{k }sd}dj y dgfdnkjdj ~k kjn{kj&}skj dn}{dgirdma~ k~ skdgfkj}k ifpas}dj}k< gd ja dn}{dgirdnij mk ga~ fi~fa~p{kmk ~{pajks na~}k~ knajfina~ ifpas}dj}k~ yd t{k mi~fij{yk gd kondnid kj

gd }afd mk mkni~iajk~' dnniajk~ nafksnidgk~' j{kva~ psam{n}a~ a' ~ifpgkfkj&}k' pdsd kg ~kh{ifikj}a a fdj}kjifikj}a mk skgdniajk~ naj}sdn}{dgk~*

Ga~ md}a~ mkckj }sd}ds~k mk fdjksd gkdg y gni}d' hdsdj}irdjma d~ga~ mksknea~ mk gd~ pks~ajd~ d t{k ~{~ md}a~ ~kdj psa}khima~ mk~mk~{ ac}kjnij y {~a ed~}d gd ojdgirdnij mk ~{ }sd}dfikj}a*

Ga~ md}a~ mkckj sknahks~k naj ojk~ mk}ksfijdma~' kupgni}a~ y

gkh}ifa~*

Ga~ md}a~ mkckj ~ks kudn}a~ y fdj}kjks~k dn}{dgirdma~' mk fdjksdt{k sk~pajmdj naj vksdnimdm d gd ~i}{dnij dn}{dg mk ~{ }i}{gds*

Ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ ~ga mkckj naj~ksvds~k m{sdj}k kg }ikfpajknk~dsia pdsd gd~ ojdgimdmk~ mkg }sd}dfikj}a pdsd kg t{k edj~ima sknahima~* Mkckj ~ks ndjnkgdma~ n{djma edydj mkbdma mk ~ks

jknk~dsia~ a pks}ijkj}k~ pdsd kg oj naj t{k ~k ac}{viksaj*

5* OD^K II2 Gkhi}ifdnij mk md}a~

OD^K II2 Gkhi}ifdnij mk md}a~


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Pdsd n{fpgis naj ui}a k~}d ~kh{jmd d~k mk ifpgkfkj}dnij mk gd jasfd}i&vd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~' gd pyfk mkcks' dmkf~ mk ac~ksvds ga~ psij&nipia~ fkjniajdma~ dj}ksiasfkj}k' n{fpgis naj gd~ ~ih{ikj}k~ acgihdniajk~2

Ijasfds dg ij}ksk~dma ~acsk gd sknahimd mk md}a~*

^agini}ds kg naj~kj}ifikj}a mkg ij}ksk~dma pdsd t{k gd kfpsk~d p{kmd

{}igirds ~{~ md}a~*

D}kjmks ga~ mksknea~ mk dnnk~a' skn}iondnij' ndjnkgdnij y apa~i&nij %mksknea~ D*S*N*A*) t{k kbksrdj ga~ ni{mdmdja~ }i}{gdsk~ mk ga~md}a~*

Skndcds kg naj~kj}ifikj}a mkg ij}ksk~dma kj kg nd~a mk nk~ij mk ga~md}a~ mkg fi~fa d }ksnksa~*

Ac~ksvds gd~ mi~pa~iniajk~ pskvi~}d~ kj gd gky kj ga~ nd~a~ kj t{k ~k}sdj~fi}dj ga~ md}a~ {ksd mkg K~pdnia Knajfina K{sapka*

Mkcks mk h{dsmds ~knsk}a*

^k mk}dggdj d naj}ij{dnij gd~ ifpgindniajk~ psijnipdgk~ y dgh{jd~ hkjksdgi&mdmk~ ~acsk k~}d~ acgihdniajk~*



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%>4

5*4* IJOASFDS DG IJ]KSK^DMA ^ACSK GD SKNAHIMD MK MD]A^

^k mkck ijasfds dg ij}ksk~dma ~acsk gd sknahimd mk md}a~' naj ndsn&}ks pskvia d gd sknkpnij mk ga~ fi~fa~ pas pds}k mk gd kfpsk~d*

K~}d ijasfdnij ~k mkcks asknks d }sdv~ mk {j fkmia t{k pksfi}d dnsk&

mi}ds ~{ n{fpgifikj}a %k~ mknis' ja k~ vgima ~i ~k ijasfd dg ij}ksk~dma mkasfd vkscdg ~ij t{k t{kmk skhi~}sdma mk jijhj fama)*

Gd gky ijmind t{k ~k mkck ijasfds mk ga~ ~ih{ikj}k~ ku}skfa~2

Mk gd kui~}kjnid mk {j oneksa mk md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg' mk ~{ojdgimdm y ~{~ mk~}ijd}dsia~*

Mkg ndsn}ks acgihd}asia a dn{g}d}iva mk gd sk~p{k~}d d gd~ pskh{j}d~t{k gk~ ~kdj pgdj}kdmd~*

Mk gd~ naj~kn{kjnid~ mk gd ac}kjnij mk ga~ md}a~ a mk gd jkhd}ivd d~{fiji~}sdsga~*

Mk gd pa~icigimdm mk kbksni}ds ga~ mksknea~ mk dnnk~a' skn}iondnij'ndjnkgdnij y apa~inij*

Mk gd imkj}imdm y misknnij mkg sk~paj~dcgk mkg }sd}dfikj}a a' kj ~{nd~a' mk ~{ skpsk~kj}dj}k*



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5*3* ^AGINI]DS KG NAJ^KJ]IFIKJ]A MKG IJ]KSK^DMA

Gd kfpsk~d mkck ~agini}ds kg naj~kj}ifikj}a mkg ij}ksk~dma pdsd pamks{~ds ~{~ md}a~* Kg naj~kj}ifikj}a mkg dkn}dma k~ gd fdjik~}dnij mkvag{j}dm' gicsk' ijkt{vand' k~pknond k ijasfdmd' fkmidj}k gd n{dgkg ij}ksk~dma naj~ikj}k kg }sd}dfikj}a mk ~{~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~*

Kg naj~kj}ifikj}a vd j}ifdfkj}k gihdma d gd acgihdnij mk ijasfds' p{k~}at{k gd Gky kj}ikjmk t{k d pds}is mk mined ijasfdnij kg dkn}dma dmt{iksknajanifikj}a mk gd kui~}kjnid mkg }sd}dfikj}a t{k ~k vd d skdgirds' gd~ ojdgi&mdmk~ y ga~ mksknea~ t{k gk d~i~}kj*

^i ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ ~k skokskj d gd ~dg{m mkg ij}ksk~dma' kg naj~kj}i&fikj}a mkck ~ks kupsk~a' y ~i dkn}dj d imkagahd' dogidnij ~ijmindg' skgihij

y nskkjnid~' ~}k mkck ~ks kupsk~a y pas k~nsi}a*

]dfcij ~k naj}kfpgdj fkmimd~ k~pknidgk~ kj kg nd~a mk ga~ md}a~ mk fk&jask~ mk 4= da~* Pdsd gd sknahimd y }sd}dfikj}a mk md}a~ mk fkjask~ mk 4=da~ k~ jknk~dsia kg naj~kj}ifikj}a mkg pdmsk a }{}as mkg fkjas*

Naj~kj}ifikj}a }ni}a Kj gd fdyasd mk ga~ nd~a~*

Naj~kj}ifikj}a kupsk~a Md}a~ mk ~dg{m*

Naj~kj}ifikj}a kupsk~a pas k~nsi}a Imkagahd' dogidnij ~ijmindg'skgihij y nskkjnid~*



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5*>* HK^]IAJDS GA^ MKSKNEA^ MK DNNK^A' SKN]IOINDNIJ'NDJNKGDNIJ Y APA^INIJ %MKSKNEA^ D*S*N*A*)

Ga~ sk~paj~dcgk~ mk oneksa~ mkckj d}kjmks d ga~ ij}ksk~dma~ t{k~agini}kj ~{~ mksknea~ mk dnnk~a' skn}iondnij' ndjnkgdnij y apa~i&nij %mksknea~ D*S*N*A*)*

K~}a~ mksknea~ psapasniajdj dg }i}{gds mk ga~ md}a~ gd~ ~ih{ikj}k~ dn{g}dmk~2

Najanks t{ md}a~ }ikjk kg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa a }sd}dfikj}a ~a&csk ~{ pks~ajd %mksknea mk dnnk~a)* Kg ij}ksk~dma p{kmk ~agini}ds yac}kjks ijasfdnij mk ~{~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg ~afk}ima~ d}sd}dfikj}a' y mkg asihkj mk minea~ md}a~*

Skn}ionds ga~ md}a~ n{djma ~}a~ ~kdj kssjka~ a ijnafpgk}a~ %mk&sknea mk skn}ioindnij)* ^{pajk gd dn}{dgirdnij a nassknnij mk ~{~md}a~ pks~ajdgk~*

Ndjnkgds ga~ md}a~ n{djma ~}a~ ~kdj kssjka~ a ijnafpgk}a~ %mk&sknea mk ndjnkgdnij)* Kg ij}ksk~dma }ikjk mksknea d t{k ga~ md}a~ijkudn}a~ a kssjka~ ~kdj cassdma~ a ~{psifima~*

Apajks~k dg }sd}dfikj}a mk ga~ md}a~ t{k gk najniksjdj %mksknea mkapa~inij)' ga t{k ~ihjiond t{k ~{~ md}a~ ja ~kdj }sd}dma~*

Gd naj}sdpds}k mk k~}a~ mksknea~ k~ gd acgihdnij mk gd kfpsk~d mk d}kjmksgd~ pk}iniajk~ sknicimd~ pas pds}k mk ga~ }i}{gdsk~ mk ga~ mksknea~' ednksgapas fkmia~ t{k pksfi}dj dnskmi}ds kg kjva y gd sknkpnij mk gd ja}iondnij'y sk~pk}djma ga~ pgdra~ pskvi~}a~ kj gd jasfd}ivd ~acsk psa}knnij mk md}a~*Pdsd ednksga' }kjms t{k }kjks kj n{kj}d gd~ pds}in{gdsimdmk~ ijekskj}k~ dndmd {ja mk ga~ mksknea~2



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Mksknea mk dnnk~a

Kg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa a }sd}dfikj}a }ikjk t{k sk~agvks gd ~agini}{m mkdnnk~a kj kg pgdra fuifa mk {j fk~ d naj}ds mk~mk gd kned kj t{k edydsknicima gd ~agini}{m* Kj nd~a mk k~}ifds gd ~agini}{m' kg dnnk~a mkck ednks~kkkn}iva kj kg pgdra mk ga~ mikr md~ ~ih{ikj}k~ d gd ja}iondnij* Gd acgihd&nij mk naj}k~}ds d gd ~agini}{m ed mk psam{nis~k naj ijmkpkjmkjnid mk t{k

oh{skj a ja md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ mkg ni{mdmdja kj ~{~ oneksa~* Gd naj}k~}d&nij dg mksknea mk dnnk~a ed mk psdn}inds~k {}igirdjma n{dgt{iks fkmia t{kpksfi}d dnskmi}ds kg kjva y gd sknkpnij mk gd fi~fd*

Gd pyfk p{kmk jkhds gd ~agini}{m mk dnnk~a kj kg nd~a kj t{k kg ij}ksk~dmakbksni}k k~}k mksknea f~ mk {jd vkr kj kg pksiama mk {j da' kunkp}a ~i ~kdnskmi}d {jd nd{~d gkh}ifd*

Kj kg ~{p{k~}a mk t{k gd kfpsk~d ja naj}k~}k mkj}sa mk pgdra' a ga edhd mkasfd ijnafpgk}d' kg ~{bk}a dkn}dma pams dn{mis d gd Dhkjnid K~pdagd mkPsa}knnij mk Md}a~' t{k d ~{ vkr p{kmk ijinids' ~i kui~}k cd~k pdsd kgga' {jkupkmikj}k ~djniajdmas*

Mksknea mk skn}ioindnij

Kg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa a }sd}dfikj}a }ikjk kg mkcks mk d}kjmks kg mkskneamk skn}iondnij kj kg pgdra mk mikr md~ jd}{sdgk~* Mkcks naj}k~}ds mk as&

fd fa}ivdmd d gd ~agini}{m t{k ~k gk misibd' mkcikjma {}igirds n{dgt{iks fkmiat{k pksfi}d dnskmi}ds kg kjva y gd sknkpnij mk ~{ sk~p{k~}d* D~ifi~fa'~i ga~ md}a~ skn}iondma~ e{ciksdj ~ima nkmima~ pskvidfkj}k d {j }ksnksa' kgsk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa }ikjk gd acgihdnij mk ja}ionds dg nk~iajdsia gd skn}i&ondnij psdn}indmd*

Kj kg nd~a mk gd skn}iondnij' gd pk}inij mkg ij}ksk~dma edcs mk sknahksfkjnij kupsk~d mkg md}a a md}a~ kssjka~' d~ nafa naj gd psap{k~}d mk

nassknnij' dnafpddjma d }dg oj gd man{fkj}dnij t{k {k~k jknk~dsid*



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Mksknea mk ndjnkgdnij

Kg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa a }sd}dfikj}a }ikjk gd acgihdnij mk ednks kkn&}iva kg mksknea mk ndjnkgdnij kj kg pgdra mk mikr md~ jd}{sdgk~* Mkcksnaj}k~}ds mk asfd fa}ivdmd d gd ~agini}{m t{k ~k gk misibd' mkcikjma {}igirdsn{dgt{iks fkmia t{k pksfi}d dnskmi}ds kg kjva y gd sknkpnij mk ~{ sk~p{k~&}d* Ih{dgfkj}k' ~i ga~ md}a~ ndjnkgdma~ e{ciksdj ~ima nkmima~ pskvidfkj}k

d {j }ksnksa' kg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa mkcks ja}ionds dg nk~iajdsia gd ndj&nkgdnij kkn}{dmd*

Gd ndjnkgdnij mds g{hds dg cassdma ~ina mk ga~ md}a~* ^i k~}a sk~{g}d~kifpa~icgk %pas sdrajk~ }njind~' a mkcima d gd~ ndsdn}ks~}ind~ mkg ~apas}k{}igirdma) ~k psankmks dg cgat{ka mk minea~ md}a~' naj~ksvjma~k jind&fkj}k d mi~pa~inij mk gd~ Dmfiji~}sdniajk~ Pcgind~' b{knk~ y }sic{jdgk~*Ja ac~}dj}k ga dj}ksias' pdsd dt{kg nd~a kj kg t{k ~k mkf{k~}sk t{k gd ac&

}kjnij mk ga~ md}a~ {k skdgirdmd mk fama sd{m{gkj}a' mk~gkdg a igni}a' gdndjnkgdnij edcs mk nafpas}ds' acgihdmd k ijkun{~dcgkfkj}k' gd mk~}s{n&nij ~ind mkg ~apas}k kj kg t{k k~}j minea~ md}a~*

]dfcij kj k~}k nd~a' ~i kg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa ja d}ikjmk gd pk}inijmkg ~agini}dj}k kj pgdra y!a asfd' kg ij}ksk~dma pams dn{mis d gd DhkjnidK~pdagd mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~*

Mksknea mk apa~inij

Kg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa a }sd}dfikj}a }ikjk {j pgdra fuifa mk {j fk~d naj}ds mk~mk gd sknkpnij mk gd pk}inij' pdsd sk~agvks gd ~agini}{m mk apa&~inij* ^i }sdj~n{ssima k~}k pgdra ja ~k ed sknicima mk asfd kupsk~d {jdsk~p{k~}d d gd pk}inij mk dnnk~a' ~}d p{kmk kj}kjmks~k mk~k~}ifdmd d ga~kkn}a~ mk psk~kj}ds {jd skngdfdnij mk }{}kgd mk mksknea~ dj}k gd DKPM*Kj kg nd~a mk t{k ~kd psankmkj}k dnnkmks d gd apa~inij' kg sk~paj~dcgkmkg oneksa ed mk kung{is mkg }sd}dfikj}a ga~ md}a~ mkg ni{mdmdja ~agini}dj}k*



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Kj skgdnij dg }sd}dfikj}a mk md}a~ naj ojk~ mk p{cginimdm y mk psa~pknnijnafksnidg' ga~ ni{mdmdja~ p{kmkj kbksnks kg mksknea mk apa~inij y' d ~{~ifpgk ~agini}{m' kg sk~paj~dcgk ed mk mds mk cdbd ~{~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ kjkg }sd}dfikj}a' ndjnkgdjma mk k~}k fama gd~ ijasfdniajk~ t{k oh{sdcdjkj kg fi~fa*

Kj sk~{fkj' kui~}k gd acgihdnij pdsd gd~ pyfk~ mk k~}dcgknks dghj

fkndji~fa hsd}{i}a fkmidj}k kg n{dg ga~ dkn}dma~ p{kmdj kbksni}dsga~ mksknea~ mk dnnk~a' skn}iondnij' ndjnkgdnij y apa~inij*

5*=* SKNDCDS KG NAJ^KJ]IFIKJ]A MKG IJ]KSK^DMA KJ KG ND^AMK NK^IJ MK GA^ MD]A^ MKG FI^FA D ]KSNKSA^

K~ skn{kj}k' kj kg }sona kfpsk~dsidg' t{k gd~ kfpsk~d~ nkmdj md}a~

d }ksnksa~*

D~' dg naf{jinds md}a~ d }ksnksa~ k~ jknk~dsia kg naj~kj}ifikj}a pskvia mkgij}ksk~dma* Kg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa a }sd}dfikj}a mkcks ijasfds dg }i}{gdskj kg fafkj}a kj t{k ~k kkn}k gd psifksd nk~ij ijmindjma gd ojdgimdmmkg oneksa' gd jd}{sdgkrd mk ga~ md}a~ t{k edj ~ima nkmima~ y kg jafcsk ymisknnij mkg nk~iajdsia*

Ja ~ks jknk~dsia kg naj~kj}ifikj}a mkg ij}ksk~dma pdsd gd nk~ij kj ga~~ih{ikj}k~ nd~a~2

T{k }kjhd pas acbk}a gd ~d}i~dnnij mk {j ij}ks~ gkh}ifa mkg nk~iajd&sia y ga d{}asink {jd jasfd naj sdjha mk Gky a {jd jasfd mk mksknea~ikfpsk t{k ja pskvdgkrnd kg ij}ks~ d ga~ mksknea~ y gicks}dmk~ {j&mdfkj}dgk~ mk ga~ ij}ksk~dma~ pskvi~}a~ kj kg ds}n{ga 4 mk gd GAPMa n{djma gd nk~ij mk ga~ md}a~ ~kd jknk~dsid pdsd n{fpgis {j mkcks

t{k ifpajhd {jd mk mined~ jasfd~*



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T{k k~} d{}asirdmd pas Gky*

N{djma ~k }sd}k mk md}a~ sknahima~ mk {kj}k~ dnnk~icgk~ dg pcgina*

Kj nd~a mk t{k kui~}d {jd skgdnij b{smind t{k ifpgit{k gd nk~ij y~}d ~k gifi}k d gd ojdgimdm t{k gd b{~}iot{k*

N{djma kg mk~}ijd}dsia ~kd kg Fiji~}ksia Oi~ndg' ga~ B{knk~ y ]sic{jd&gk~' kg Mkkj~as mkg P{kcga a kg ]sic{jdg mk N{kj}d~' a ~{~ djgaha~d{}ajfina~*

Kj nd~a mk {shkjnid skgd}ivd d gd ~dg{m a pdsd gd skdgirdnij mk k~}{&mia~ kpimkfiaghina~ kj ga~ nd~a~ gkhdgfkj}k pskvi~}a~*

5*;* AC^KS_DS GD^ MI^PA^INIAJK^ PSK_I^]D^ KJ GD GKY KJ

GA^ ND^A^ KJ T[K ^K ]SDJ^FI]DJ GA^ MD]A^ O[KSD MKK^PDD

Gd naf{jindnij mk md}a~ naj asihkj kj K~pdd y naj mk~}ija kj{j }ksnks pd~ k~} ~{bk}d d gd d{}asirdnij pskvid mkg miskn}as mk gdDhkjnid K~pdagd mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~*

Gd gky naj}kfpgd {jd ~ksik mk kunkpniajk~ d k~}d acgihdnij* D~'~i kg pd~ mk mk~}ija pks}kjknk d gd [jij K{sapkd' a k~ {j pd~naj~imksdma naj {j jivkg mk psa}knnij dmkn{dma' ja ~ks jknk~d&sia ac}kjks gd d{}asirdnij pskvid mk gd DKPM' d{jt{k ~ ja}ionds gdskdgirdnij mk gd }sdj~kskjnid d gd Dhkjnid k ijasfds mk gd nk~ij dga~ ij}ksk~dma~*

Kj n{dgt{iks nd~a' gd psn}ind mk naf{jinds md}a~ {ksd mkg }kssi}asia k~pdagja k~} f{y ku}kjmimd kj}sk gd~ pyfk~ k~pdagd~* D~' ~ga kg >+ kkn}d



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}sdj~kskjnid~ ij}ksjdniajdgk~ mk md}a~;* Mdma kg k~nd~a ifpdn}a mk gd ~i&}{dnij kj}sk kg nagkn}iva mk pyfk~ kj K~pdd' gd psk~kj}k h{d ja psa{jmi&rd kj gd acgihdnij y gd~ kunkpniajk~ pskvi~}d~ kj gd gky* Kj n{dgt{iks nd~a'~}d~ ~k kjn{kj}sdj sknahimd~ kj ga~ ds}n{ga~ >> y >= mk gd GAPM* Gd H{dmkg Sk~paj~dcgk mk Oineksa~ mk gd DKPM }dfcij fkjniajd gd nd~{~}ind d~kh{is kj kg nd~a mk }sdj~kskjnid~ ij}ksjdniajdgk~ mk md}a~* ^k sknafikj&md d gd pyfk t{k jknk~i}k psa{jmirds kj ga~ najnkp}a~ t{k ~k misibd d gd~

skksimd~ {kj}k~*

; Md}a~ mkg K~}{mia ~acsk kg hsdma mk dmdp}dnij mk gd~ pyfk~ d gd Gky Ashjind mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~

%GAPM) y kg j{kva Skhgdfkj}a mk Mk~dssagga %SMGAPM)' p{cgindma pas IJ]KNA kj Dha~}a mk 3005 y

mi~pajicgk kj2 e}}p2!!xxx*ij}kna*k~!^kh{simdm!Ac~ksvd}asia!K~}{mia~QkQIjoasfk~!K~}{mia~QkQIjoasfk~Q4!

k~}{miaQgapmQpyfk~



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}a' y ~{~ pds}in{gdsimdmk~ kj n{dj}a d ga~ oneksa~ majmk ~k mkckj dpginds%mk jivkg c~ina' fkmia a dg}a' y kj ~apas}k d{}afd}irdma a ja d{}afd}ird&ma)* D naj}ij{dnij ~k asknk {jd cskvk mk~nsipnij mk gd~ ifpgindniajk~ mkgd~ fkmimd~ mk ~kh{simdm f~ skgkvdj}k~*

9*4* KGDCASDS KG MAN[FKJ]A MK ^KH[SIMDM

Kg man{fkj}a mk ~kh{simdm sknahk gd~ fkmimd~ }njind~ y ashdjird}ivd~ mkacgihdma n{fpgifikj}a pdsd kg pks~ajdg naj dnnk~a d ga~ ~i~}kfd~ mk ijas&fdnij n{djma ~}a~ ijnaspaskj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg*

]dg y nafa k~}dcgknk gd psapid Dhkjnid K~pdagd mk Psa}knnij mk Md}a~kj ~{ H{d mk ~kh{simdm mk md}a~?' ~k }sd}d mk {j man{fkj}a ij}ksja mk

gd ashdjirdnij' t{k mkck fdj}kjks~k ~ikfpsk dn}{dgirdma* Mi~pajks mkg

man{fkj}a mk ~kh{simdm k~ {jd acgihdnij pdsd }ama~ ga~ sk~paj~dcgk~

mk oineksa~ y' kj ~{ nd~a' pdsd ga~ kjndshdma~ mkg }sd}dfikj}a' naj ijmk&pkjmkjnid mkg jivkg mk ~kh{simdm t{k ~kd jknk~dsia dpginds**

Kg man{fkj}a mkcks naj}kjks' d}kjmikjma d gd jd}{sdgkrd mk ga~md}a~' gd~ fkmimd~ mk jmagk }njind y ashdjird}ivd jknk~dsid t{khdsdj}inkj gd ~kh{simdm mk ga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg y kvi}kj ~{dg}ksdnij' psmimd' }sd}dfikj}a a dnnk~a ja d{}asirdma*

Kg man{fkj}a mkcks naj}kjks' nafa fjifa' ga~ ~ih{ikj}k~ d~pkn}a~2

4) fci}a mk dpgindnij mkg man{fkj}a naj k~pkniondnij mk}dggdmd mkga~ skn{s~a~ psa}khima~2 oneksa~ t{k naj}ikjkj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks&~ajdg t{k ~k edggdj cdba gd sk~paj~dcigimdm mk gd kfpsk~d' ijng{ykjmaga~ ~i~}kfd~ mk ijasfdnij' ~apas}k~ y kt{ipa~ kfpgkdma~ pdsd kg}sd}dfikj}a mk md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg' t{k mkcdj ~ks psa}khima~

? Man{fkj}a nafpgk}a kj2 e}}p~2!!xxx*dhpm*k~!pas}dgxkc!ndjdgsk~paj~dcgk!h{idQman{fkj}a!ijmku&imk~&

impep*pep..

OD^K III2 Psa}knnij mk md}a~ k ifpgdj}dnij mk fkmimd~ mk ~kh{simdm


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mk dn{ksma d ga mi~p{k~}a kj jasfd}ivd vihkj}k' gd~ pks~ajd~ t{k ij&}ksvikjkj kj kg }sd}dfikj}a y ga~ gandgk~ kj ga~ t{k ~k {cindj*

3) Fkmimd~' jasfd~' psankmifikj}a~ mk dn}{dnij' skhgd~ y k~}jmdsk~ kj&ndfijdma~ d hdsdj}irds kg jivkg mk ~kh{simdm kuihima kj kg skhgdfkj}a*

>) O{jniajk~ y acgihdniajk~ mkg pks~ajdg kj skgdnij naj kg }sd}dfikj}a

mk ga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg ijng{ima~ kj ga~ oneksa~*

=) K~}s{n}{sd mk ga~ oneksa~ naj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg y mk~nsipnijmk ga~ ~i~}kfd~ mk ijasfdnij t{k ga~ }sd}dj*

;) Psankmifikj}a mk ja}iondnij' hk~}ij y sk~p{k~}d dj}k gd~ ijnimkjnid~*

?) Psankmifikj}a~ mk skdgirdnij mk napid~ mk sk~pdgma y mk skn{pksd&nij mk ga~ md}a~ kj ga~ oneksa~ a }sd}dfikj}a~ d{}afd}irdma~*

8) Fkmimd~ t{k ~kd jknk~dsia dmap}ds pdsd kg }sdj~pas}k mk ~apas}k~ yman{fkj}a~' d~ nafa pdsd gd mk~}s{nnij mk ga~ man{fkj}a~ y ~apas&}k~' a kj ~{ nd~a' gd sk{}igirdnij mk k~}a~ g}ifa~*

D pds}is mkg jivkg fkmia mk fkmimd~ mk ~kh{simdm' dmkf~ mk ga~ dpds}dma~dj}ksiask~' mkcksj ijng{is~k ga~ ~ih{ikj}k~2

5) Imkj}iondnij mkg sk~paj~dcgk a sk~paj~dcgk~ mk ~kh{simdm

9) Ga~ naj}sagk~ pksimina~ t{k ~k mkcdj skdgirds pdsd vksionds kg n{fpgi&fikj}a mk ga mi~p{k~}a kj kg psapia man{fkj}a*

Gd H{d mk kh{simdm mk md}a~8 dj}k~ skksimd naj~}i}{yk {j vdgia~a dpayapdsd ga~ sk~paj~dcgk~ t{k mkcdj kjskj}ds~k d gd kgdcasdnij mkg man{&

8 Man{fkj}a nafpgk}a kj2 e}}p~2!!xxx*dhpm*k~!pas}dgxkc!ndjdgsk~paj~dcgk!h{idQman{fkj}a!ijmku&

imk~&impep*pep..



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fkj}a mk ~kh{simdm* Naj pd{}d~ y famkga~ psn}ina~ pdsd gd kbkn{nij mkgman{fkj}a' p{kmk ~ks mk dy{md d gd~ pyfk~ kj ~{ psank~a mk dmapnij mkgd jasfd}ivd mk psa}knnij mk md}a~*

9*3* MKOIJIS [J SK^PAJ^DCGK MK ^KH[SIMDM

Kg sk~paj~dcgk mk ~kh{simdm naasmijd y naj}sagd gd~ fkmimd~ mk ~k&

h{simdm ifpgkfkj}dmd~ kj gd kfpsk~d* D~' k~}ds ~ikfpsk ijasfd&ma dnksnd mk n{dgt{iks ~{nk~a t{k p{kmd dkn}ds d ga~ oneksa~ najmd}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg*

Gd acgihdnij mk mk~ihjds {j sk~paj~dcgk mk ~kh{simdm k~} mkojimdpdsd ga~ }sd}dfikj}a~ mk oneksa~ mk jivkg fkmia y dg}a* ^i gd kfpsk~d}sdcdbd kung{~ivdfkj}k naj oneksa~ mk ndsn}ks c~ina' ja kui~}k acgi&hdnij mk mkojis k~}d oh{sd*

Kj ga~ nd~a~ kj t{k kkn}ivdfkj}k ~kd acgihd}asia' kg sk~paj~dcgk mk ~kh{simdmmkcks k~}ds mkojima k imkj}iondma mk asfd pks~ajdg a {jniajdg %mkj}sa mkgashdjihsdfd)' kj kg man{fkj}a mk ~kh{simdm* {~ {jniajk~ nafpskjmkj2

4) Sknapigds y mk~nsicis gd~ fkmimd~' jasfd~' psankmifikj}a~' skhgd~y k~}jmdsk~ mk ~kh{simdm dmap}dma~ pas gd kfpsk~d*

3) Mk}ksfijds kg fci}a mk dpgindnij mkg man{fkj}a mk ~kh{simdm*

>) K~}dcgknks y nafpsacds gd dpgindnij mk gd~ jasfd~ y psankmifikj}a~mkg man{fkj}a mk ~kh{simdm' kj}sk a}sa~' ga~ psankmifikj}a~ mk ja}io&ndnij' }sd}dfikj}a y skhi~}sa mk ijnimkjnid~' mk skdgirdnij mk napid~mk sk~pdgma y skn{pksdnij mk md}a~' mk imkj}iondnij y d{}kj}indnijmk {~{dsia~' mk d~ihjdnij' mi~}sic{nij y dgfdnkjdfikj}a mk naj}sd&~kd~' mk ndfcia pksimina mk gd~ naj}sd~kd~ mk ga~ {~{dsia~' mkhk~}ij mk ~apas}k~*



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=) Kgdcasds y fdj}kjks dn}{dgirdmd gd gi~}d mk {~{dsia~ t{k }kjhdjdnnk~a d{}asirdma dg ~i~}kfd ijasf}ina mk gd kfpsk~d' naj k~&pkniondnij mkg jivkg mk dnnk~a t{k }ikjk ndmd {~{dsia* D~ifi~fa'k~}dcgknks y nafpsacds gd dpgindnij mk {j ~i~}kfd t{k gifi}k kgdnnk~a mk ga~ {~{dsia~ jindfkj}k d dt{kgga~ md}a~ y skn{s~a~t{k pskni~kj pdsd kg mk~dssagga mk ~{~ {jniajk~ y d{}asirdma~ paskg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa*

;) Najnkmks' dg}ksds a dj{gds kg dnnk~a d{}asirdma~ d ga~ md}a~ y sk&n{s~a~' mk dn{ksma naj ga~ nsi}ksia~ k~}dcgknima~ pas kg Sk~paj~d&cgk mkg Oineksa*

?) _kgds pas kg n{fpgifikj}a mk gd~ jasfd~ mk ~kh{simdm naj}kjimd~kj kg man{fkj}a mk ~kh{simdm*

9*>* MI_[GHDS GD JASFD]I_D MK ^KH[SIMDM DG PKS^AJDG

^k mkckj dmap}ds gd~ fkmimd~ jknk~dsid~ pdsd t{k }ama kg pks~ajdgmk gd kfpsk~d najarnd gd~ jasfd~ mk ~kh{simdm t{k dkn}dj dg mk&~dssagga mk ~{~ {jniajk~*

Gd kfpsk~d mkcks skdgirds gd~ dnniajk~ jknk~dsid~ pdsd t{k ~{~ kfpgkd&ma~ }kjhdj {j c{kj najanifikj}a mk ~{~ {jniajk~ y acgihdniajk~ kj fd}k&

sid mk psa}knnij mk md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg' d~ nafa gd~ naj~kn{kjnid~mkg ijn{fpgifikj}a mk gd~ fi~fd~* Gd skdgirdnij mk {jd asfdnij k~pk&nond %yd ~kd kj gd famdgimdm psk~kjnidg { ajgijk)' a gd mi{~ij kj}sk ga~kfpgkdma~ mk gd jasfd}ivd' psankmifikj}a~' ifpgindniajk~ pdsd ga~ kfpgkd&ma~ y {jniajk~' ~aj kbkfpga~ mk nfa d~kh{sds t{k }ama~ ga~ kfpgkdma~k~}j dg nassikj}k* Gd kfpsk~d mkcksd naj~imksds gd jknk~imdm mk ac}kjksasfdgfkj}k gd dnkp}dnij mk gd~ jasfd~ y psankmifikj}a~ pas pds}k mk ~{~kfpgkdma~*



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9*=* K^]DCGKNKS [J PSANKMIFIKJ]A MK JA]IOINDNIJ'HK^]IJ Y SK^P[K^]D DJ]K GD^ IJNIMKJNID^

Kg skhi~}sa mk ijnimkjnid~ pksfi}k mi~pajks mk {j naj}sag nafpgk}a'kudn}a y mk}dggdma mk n{dgt{iks psacgkfd t{k p{kmd an{ssis mkj}sa mkga~ ~i~}kfd~ mk ijasfdnij t{k }sd}kj naj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~a&jdg' naj kg oj mk mkojis gd~ sk~paj~dcigimdmk~ y fkmimd~ nasskn}ivd~

d kbkn{}ds kj nd~a mk an{ssis mined~ isskh{gdsimdmk~*

^k kj}ikjmk pas ijnimkjnid n{dgt{iks djafdgd t{k dkn}k a p{miksd dkn}ds dgd ~kh{simdm' d gd ij}khsimdm' najomkjnidgimdm a mi~pajicigimdm mk ga~ md}a~*

Kui~}k gd acgihdnij mk mi~pajks mk {j psankmifikj}a pdsd gd ja}iondnij mkijnimkjnid~' t{k mkck ijminds t{ij }ikjk t{k ja}ionds gd ijnimkjnid' d t{ijy mk t{ fama' d~ nafa t{ij hk~}iajds gd ijnimkjnid* Dmkf~' k~ jknk&

~dsia naj}ds naj {j skhi~}sa mk ijnimkjnid~' t{k ~k pams dgfdnkjds mk as&fd fdj{dg a ijasf}ind' y kj kg t{k mkcksj naj~}ds kg }ipa mk ijnimkjnid'kg fafkj}a kj t{k ~k ed psam{nima %a mk}kn}dma)' gd pks~ajd t{k skdgird gdja}iondnij' d t{ij ~k naf{jind' ga~ kkn}a~ mksivdma~ mk gd fi~fd y gd~fkmimd~ nasskn}asd~ dpgindmd~* Kj nd~a mk hk~}ij d{}afd}irdmd ~k ijmind&s dmkf~ kg ~i~}kfd ijasf}ina {}igirdma*

K~}d~ acgihdniajk~ %psankmifikj}a y skhi~}sa mk ijnimkjnid~) dkn}dj d onek&

sa~ mk n{dgt{iks jivkg*

Pdsd oneksa~ mk jivkg fkmia y dg}a' dmkf~ mk mi~pajks mkg skhi~}sa mk ijni&mkjnid~ y {j psankmifikj}a mk ja}iondnij y hk~}ij mk gd~ fi~fd~' kui~}k gdacgihdnij mk dmb{j}ds ijasfdnij ~acsk kg psankmifikj}a mk skn{pksdnijmk md}a~' t{k mkcks ijng{is gd pks~ajd t{k kbkn{}d kg psank~a' md}a~ t{kedj ~ima sk~}d{sdma~' md}a~ t{k edj ~ima nasskhima~ mk asfd fdj{dg' y d{&}asirdnij pas k~nsi}a mkg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa pdsd skpdsds gd ijnimkjnid*



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D naj}ij{dnij ~k dmb{j}d {j kbkfpga mk {j skhi~}sa mk ijnimkjnid~ naj gdijasfdnij f~ ~ihjiond}ivd t{k ~k mkck skhi~}sds* Ga~ md}a~ t{k oh{sdjkj kg fi~fa %jafcsk~ y ndsha~) ja ~aj skdgk~' y ~k edj {}igirdma kung{~ivd&fkj}k pdsd ig{~}sds kg kbkfpga*

]ipa mk ijnimkjnid2 Skn{pksdnij mk md}a~Mk~nsipnij2 gd psk~imkj}d y psapik}dsid mk gd nafpdd ed ~agini}dma skn{pksds gdcd~k mk md}a~ mk jfijd~ mkg pks~ajdg mk gd kfpsk~d mk 3008 naj kg acbk}iva mk skd&

girds {j naj}sag ~acsk gd kvag{nij mkg na~}k mk jfijd~ d ga gdsha mk k~}k kbksninia*

Okned2 48 mk ~kp}ikfcsk mk 3005*Easd2 4024;e*Ja}iondmd pas2 ^sd* Ndsfkj Hdsnd %Psk~imkj}d)*Ja}iondmd d2 ^s* Fdj{kg Hfkr %Bkok mk Pks~ajdg)*Kkn}a~ psam{nima~2 ~k edj skn{pksdma ga~ md}a~ ei~}sina~ mkg kbksninia*Psankmifikj}a mk skn{pksdnij mk md}a~24) ^k ja}ioind gd pk}inij dg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oineksa mk jfijd~ %^s* Fdj{kg Hfkr)

t{k d{}asird kg dnnk~a*

3) ^k ja}ioind gd pk}inij dg ~ksvinia mk ijoasf}ind ~{cnaj}sd}dma t{k }ama~ ga~ b{kvk~

mk~pgdrd d {j }njina d j{k~}sd~ ij~}dgdniajk~' kg n{dg psankmk d skn{pksds ga~ md&

}a~ fkjniajdma~ kj gd ndspk}d mk skm ij}ksjd %O2WPsk~imkjnidWSkvi~iaj) naj dnnk~a

sk~}sijhima pdsd kg mkpds}dfkj}a mk d{mi}asd ij}ksjd*

Pks~ajd t{k kbkn{} gd skn{pksdnij2 ^sd* J{sid ^djr %]njina mk Ijoasf}ind)*Md}a~ t{k edj ~ima sk~}d{sdma~2 Cd~k mk md}a~ mk jfijd~ mk kjksa mk 3008 dminikfcsk mk 3008*

Md}a~ t{k ed ~ima jknk~dsia hsdcds fdj{dgfkj}k2 j!d*Okned mk nikssk mk gd ijnimkjnid2 30 mk ~kp}ikfcsk mk 3005*

Easd mk nikssk mk gd ijnimkjnid2 4;2>0e



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9*;* MKOIJIS Y MAN[FKJ]DS GA^ PSANKMIFIKJ]A^ MK NAJ]SAGMK DNNK^A

Kg dnnk~a d ga~ skn{s~a~ ijasf}ina~ y man{fkj}dgk~ mkj}sa mk gdkfpsk~d mkck k~}ds sk~}sijhima y d{}asirdma' naj kg acbk}iva mk d~k&h{sds t{k gd ijasfdnij k~} mi~pajicgk ~ga pdsd ga~ {~{dsia~ dkn&}dma~ a ij}ksk~dma~*

Pdsd d~kh{sds {j naj}sag mk dnnk~a~ kkn}iva k~ jknk~dsia mkojis ga~ psivigk&hia~ mk dnnk~a kj kg ~i~}kfd' ga t{k ~{pajk d}sic{is mikskj}k~ pksfi~a~ kj{jnij mk gd~ nd}khasd~ {jniajdgk~ a bksst{ind~ mkg kfpgkdma* Kg pks~a&jdg ~ga dnnkmks d dt{kgga~ md}a~ y skn{s~a~ t{k pskni~k pdsd kg mk~dssa&gga mk ~{~ {jniajk~* Pas kbkfpga' p{kmk an{ssis t{k kui~}dj mk}ksfijdma~dsneiva~ d ga~ t{k ~ga mkcksdj dnnkmks dgh{jd~ pks~ajd~ a mkpds}dfkj&}a~* D~' pdsknk ghina pkj~ds t{k ~agdfkj}k kg mkpds}dfkj}a mk Skn{s~a~

E{fdja~ %t{ir~ ~ga dgh{jd~ pks~ajd~ mkj}sa mkg mkpds}dfkj}a) mkcksd}kjks dnnk~a d ga~ n{ssn{gd vi}dk mk ga~ ndjmimd}a~* Kg sk~paj~dcgk mkg o&neksa k~}dcgknks fkndji~fa~ pdsd kvi}ds t{k {j {~{dsia p{kmk dnnkmks dskn{s~a~ naj mksknea~ mi~}ij}a~ mk ga~ d{}asirdma~*

]dfcij p{kmk mds~k kg nd~a mk oneksa~ t{k' ~i cikj naj}ikjkj md}a~ t{kp{kmkj ~ks naj~{g}dma~ pas }ama~ ga~ kfpgkdma~' ijng{ykj dmkf~ ijas&fdnij d gd t{k ~ga mkcksdj dnnkmks mk}ksfijdmd~ pks~ajd~* ^ksd kg

nd~a mk {j oneksa naj ga~ kfpgkdma~ mk gd kfpsk~d< t{ir~ ~kd ghinat{k n{dgt{iks kfpgkdma p{kmd naj~{g}ds ga~ md}a~ mk naj}dn}a c~ina~ mkn{dgt{iks pks~ajd' pksa ja ijasfdnij skgd}ivd dg ifpas}k mk ~{ jfijd' paskbkfpga*

]amd~ k~}d~ gifi}dniajk~ hdsdj}irdj {j {~a f~ konikj}k mk gd ijasfdnij'd~kh{sdjma t{k ga~ md}a~ k~}j mi~pajicgk~ pdsd ga~ kfpgkdma~ t{k' passdrj mk ~{ {jnij a ndsha' d~ ga skt{iksdj' y gifi}djma kg dnnk~a pdsd

dt{kgga~ a}sa~ kfpgkdma~ t{k ja jknk~i}dj }sdcdbds naj k~}d ijasfdnij*



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Mk k~}k fama' ~k skm{nk kg sik~ha mk psmimd mk ijasfdnij mkcima dg dn&}as e{fdja*

Kj n{dgt{iks nd~a' mkpkjmk mk gd psapid kfpsk~d gd mkni~ij ~acsk gd mkoji&nij mk psivigkhia~' k~ mknis' d~ihjds pksfi~a~ d ndmd kfpgkdma*

Gd jasfd}ivd pskv pds}in{gdsimdmk~ kj {jnij mk ga~ mi~}ij}a~ jivkgk~ mk

~kh{simdm mkg oneksa %c~ina' fkmia' dg}a) y kg ~apas}k mkg fi~fa %d{}afd}i&rdma a ja d{}afd}irdma)* D~' kj ga~ dnnk~a~ d ga~ md}a~ mk ga~ oneksa~ mkjivkg dg}a mk ndsn}ks d{}afd}irdma' ~k skdgirds pas ndmd dnnk~a gd imkj}io&ndnij mkg {~{dsia' kned y easd kj t{k ~k skdgir' kg oneksa dnnkmima' kg }ipamk dnnk~a y ~i ed ~ima d{}asirdma a mkjkhdma* ^i kg dnnk~a {k d{}asirdma'~k dgfdnkjds }dfcij gd ijasfdnij t{k pksfi}d imkj}ionds kg skhi~}sa dn&nkmima* Ga~ md}a~ mkg skhi~}sa mk dnnk~a~ ~k naj~ksvdsj m{sdj}k' dg fk&ja~' ma~ da~* Kg sk~paj~dcgk mk ~kh{simdm skvi~ds' dg fkja~' {jd vkr dgfk~ gd ijasfdnij mk naj}sag skhi~}sdmd y kgdcasds {j ijasfk*

9*?* K^]DCGKNKS FKNDJI FA MK IMKJ]IOINDNIJ Y D[]KJ]INDNIJ

Gd imkj}iondnij k~ kg psankmifikj}a pas kg t{k {j {~{dsia k~ sknajanimamkj}sa mkg ~i~}kfd mk ijasfdnij t{k }sd}d naj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg%d }sdv~ mkg jafcsk mkg {~{dsia)' fikj}sd~ t{k gd d{}kj}indnij }ikjk pasacbk}iva gd nafpsacdnij mk gd imkj}imdm kj kg ~i~}kfd %gd naj}sd~kd mk

dnnk~a d~anidmd dg jafcsk mk {~{dsia)*

Kg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa mkck kgdcasds {j gi~}dma dn}{dgirdma mk {~{dsia~naj dnnk~a d{}asirdma d ga~ ~i~}kfd~ mk ijasfdnij y' pas naj~ih{ikj}k' dga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg t{k }sd}dj* acsk k~}a~ {~{dsia~ ~k edj mk k~&}dcgknks psankmifikj}a~ mk imkj}iondnij y d{}kj}indnij pdsd minea dnnk~a*

^k k~}dcgknk nafa jknk~dsid gd imkj}iondnij y d{}kj}indnij mk asfd ij&kt{vand y pks~ajdgirdmd mk }ama~ ga~ {~{dsia~ d{}asirdma~ kj kg ~i~}kfd*



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Kgga ~{pajk t{k ndmd {~{dsia }kjms {j jafcsk mk {~{dsia ijmivim{dg y {jdnaj}sd~kd d~anidmd dg fi~fa' mk {~a pks~ajdg k ij}sdj~ksicgk' t{k ~k vd&gimd ndmd vkr t{k dnnkmk dg ~i~}kfd*

Kj kg nd~a mk dnnk~a d md}a~ pks~ajdgk~ kj oneksa~ d{}afd}irdma~' ~i gdd{}kj}indnij ~k skdgird fkmidj}k naj}sd~kd~' ~k mkck mk}dggds kg psankmi&fikj}a mk d~ihjdnij' mi~}sic{nij y dgfdnkjdfikj}a t{k mkcks hdsdj}irds

~{ najomkjnidgimdm k ij}khsimdm' y ~k mkcksj ndfcids naj {jd pksiaminimdmja ~{pksias d {j da*

Kj kg nd~a mk gd~ naj}sd~kd~' ~k mkck d~kh{sds t{k gd~ fi~fd~ ~kdj sa&c{~}d~' t{k ja ~kdj nigfkj}k mkm{nicgk~' y t{k ja k~}j d gd vi~}d mkgsk~}a mk kfpgkdma~5* K~ najvkjikj}k obds {ja~ skt{i~i}a~ t{k mkckj n{fpgisgd~ ndmkjd~ {}igirdmd~ nafa naj}sd~kd %gajhi}{m fjifd' nafcijdnij mkndsdn}ksk~ dgdj{fsina~)*

D pds}is mkg }sd}dfikj}a mk oneksa~ mk jivkg fkmia' dmkf~' kui~}k gd acgihd&nij mk gifi}ds ga~ ij}kj}a~ ski}ksdma~ mk dnnk~a dg ~i~}kfd' ga t{k ~{pajkcgat{kds kg imkj}iondmas mk {~{dsia mk~p{~ mk {j jfksa gifi}dma mk ij&}kj}a~ mk dnnk~a*

9*8* MKOIJIS KG PSANKMIFIKJ]A Y HK^]IJ MK ^APAS]K^

Naj kg oj mk psk~ksvds y d~kh{sds gd ijasfdnij m{sdj}k ~{ }sdj~pas}k yfdjip{gdnij' y kj pds}in{gds gd nassk~pajmikj}k d ga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks&~ajdg' gd jasfd}ivd dn}{dg kuihk }kjks mined ijasfdnij psa}khimd fkmidj}kgd dpgindnij mk psankmifikj}a~ mk hk~}ij mk ga~ ~apas}k~ t{k gd naj}ikjkj*Kj najnsk}a' gd kfpsk~d mkck mi~pajks mk psankmifikj}a~ t{k hdsdj}inkjga~ ~ih{ikj}k~ p{j}a~2

5 Kj k~}k ~kj}ima' ~k sknafikjmd gd gkn}{sd mkg ds}n{ga Sknafkjmdniajk~ pdsd gd nskdnij y {~a mk

naj}sd~kd~ ~kh{sd~' mi~pajicgk kj2 e}}p2!!xxx*ij}kna*k~!^kh{simdm!Ac~ksvd}asia!K~}{mia~QkQIjoasfk~!

Ja}d~QyQDs}in{ga~!sknafkjmdniajk~QnskdniajQ{~aQnaj}sd~kjd~



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d* Gd imkj}iondnij mk gd ijasfdnij dgfdnkjdmd kj ga~ ~apas}k~' t{kmkcksj ~ks ijvkj}dsidma~ y n{ya dnnk~a mkcks k~}ds sk~}sijhima ji&ndfkj}k dg pks~ajdg d{}asirdma pdsd ~{ fdjip{gdnij kj kg man{fkj}amk ~kh{simdm*

c* Gd ~dgimd mk ~apas}k~ mk ga~ gandgk~ mk }sd}dfikj}a mkcks ~ks d{}a&sirdmd k~pknondfkj}k pas kg Sk~paj~dcgk mk ^kh{simdm' y!a mkcks

k~}ds mk}dggdmd pskvidfkj}k kj kg man{fkj}a mk ~kh{simdm*

Gd acgihdnij mk naj}ds naj psankmifikj}a~ mk hk~}ij mk ~apas}k~ t{k naj&}ikjkj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg k~} mkojimd d pds}is mkg }sd}dfikj}a mkoneksa~ mk jivkg c~ina* Kj}sk a}sd~' gd~ psijnipdgk~ ijinid}ivd~ t{k mkcksskdgirds gd kfpsk~d ~aj gd~ ~ih{ikj}k~2

Oasfdgirds!man{fkj}ds kg psankmifikj}a mk hk~}ij mk ~apas}k~ t{k

naj}ikjkj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg*

K~}dcgknks {j ijvkj}dsia mk ga~ ~apas}k~ ~ina~ t{k naj}ikjkj md}a~mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg*

Sk~}sijhis kg dnnk~a d ga~ ~apas}k~ ~ina~ t{k naj}ikjkj md}a~ mkndsn}ks pks~ajdg*

D{}asirds asfdgfkj}k n{dgt{iks favifikj}a mk ~apas}k~ ~ina~ t{knaj}ikjkj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg' pas kbkfpga' gd ~dgimd mk ~apas&}k~ {ksd mk gd~ ij~}dgdniajk~ mk }sd}dfikj}a mk md}a~* D naj}ij{dnij~k ed dmb{j}dma {j kbkfpga mk {jd oned mk ijvkj}dsia mk ~apas}k~*Ga~ md}a~ t{k dpdsknkj kj g ja ~aj skdgk~' ~k edj {}igirdma pdsdig{~}sds kg kbkfpga*



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Okned mk dn}{dgirdnij2>4 mk minikfcsk mk 3008*Imkj}iondmas mkg ~apas}k2 JAF&>4433008Mk~nsipnij mkg ~apas}k2 napid mk ~kh{simdm mk ga~ md}a~ mk jfijd~ mk ga~ kfpgkd&ma~ mk gd kfpsk~d d okned mk >4 mk minikfcsk mk 3008*

Sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksa dg t{k pks}kjknk2 ^s* Fdj{kg Hfkr %Bkok mk Pks~ajdg)*[cindnij dn}{dg2 ndbd mk ~kh{simdm j 3' k~}dj}ksd j >' aoinijd nkj}sdg' C{sha~*

Dminiajdgfkj}k' d pds}is mkg }sd}dfikj}a mk md}a~ mk jivkg fkmia' gd jasfd}ivd acgihdd }kjks {j skhi~}sa mk kj}sdmd!~dgimd mk ~apas}k~ %pas kbkfpga pdsd fdj}kjifikj}a'

skn{pksdnij mk md}a~)*D naj}ij{dnij ~k ed dmb{j}dma {j kbkfpga mk skhi~}sa mk k~}k }ipa*

Kj}sdmd mk ~apas}k2 j!d*]ipa mk ~apas}k2 j!d*Okned2 j!d*Easd2 j!d*Kfi~as2 j!d*Jfksa mk ~apas}k~2 j!d*]ipa mk ijasfdnij t{k naj}ikjkj2 j!d*Oasfd mk kjva2 j!d*

Pks~ajd sk~paj~dcgk mk gd sknkpnij2 j!d*^dgimd mk ~apas}k2 JAF&>4433008]ipa mk ~apas}k2 Nij}d MD] %napid mk ~kh{simdm)*Okned2 48 mk kjksa mk 3009Easd2 40200 eMk~}ijd}dsia2 ^sd* Ndsfkj Hdsnd %Psk~imkj}d)*Jfksa mk ~apas}k~2 4]ipa mk ijasfdnij t{k naj}ikjkj2 md}a~ mk jfijd~ mkg kbksninia 3005*Oasfd mk kjva2 skn{pksdnij mk md}a~ kj ndspk}d mk skm ijoasf}ind k~pknoind*

Pks~ajd sk~paj~dcgk mk gd kj}skhd2 ^sd* J{sid ^djr %ijoasf}ind)*

Pdsd ga~ md}a~ mk jivkg dg}a' gd jasfd}ivd kuihk t{k ga~ ~apas}k~ t{k ijng{&ykj md}a~ mk k~}k }ipa ~kdj k}it{k}dma~ mk asfd najomkjnidg %pas kbkfpga'pkhd}ijd naj {j jfksa mk ~ksik)' t{k gd ijasfdnij k~} nisdmd mkj}sa mkga~ ~apas}k~* Mkcks kvi}ds~k kg {~a mk mi~pa~i}iva~ fvigk~ t{k ja pksfi}djkg nisdma mk gd ijasfdnij*



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9*5* MI^PAJKS MK NAPID^ MK SK^PDGMA

Gd napid mk ~kh{simdm a napid mk sk~pdgma mk {j oneksa %cdnl{p)k~ gd napid mk ga~ md}a~ t{k pksfi}k sk~}d{sdsga~ kj kg nd~a mk {jdpsmimd mk ijasfdnij*

Gd~ psmimd~ mk ijasfdnij ~aj skn{kj}k~ kj kg kj}asja kfpsk~dsidg' yp{kmkj }kjks ~{ asihkj kj mikskj}k~ nd{~d~2 mk~n{ima mk {j kfpgkdma t{kkgifijd ijasfdnij ijvag{j}dsidfkj}k' psmimd mkg ~apas}k ~ina t{k naj}ik&jk kg dsneiva %NM' M_M' asmkjdmas pas}}ig)' ijknnij pasfdgxdsk' k}n*

Gd jasfd}ivd acgihd d skdgirds' dg fkja~' {jd napid pas ~kfdjd mk ga~oneksa~ naj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg' dmkf~ mk {jd vksiondnij ~kfk~&}sdg ~acsk ga~ psankmifikj}a~ pks}ijkj}k~ pdsd ~{ skn{pksdnij y ps{kcd*K~}d~ acgihdniajk~ ~aj mk dpgindnij pdsd }ama }ipa mk oneksa~ mk ndsn}ks

d{}afd}irdma %jivkg c~ina' fkmia y dg}a)*

Dmkf~' kj kg nd~a mk oneksa~ mk jivkg dg}a' gd~ napid~ mk ~kh{simdm mkckj~ks dgfdnkjdmd~ kj g{hdsk~ mikskj}k~ d dt{g majmk ~k }sd}dj ga~ md}a~'naj kg acbk}iva mk psapasniajds {jd psa}knnij dminiajdg kj kg nd~a mk' paskbkfpga' nd}~}sak~ jd}{sdgk~ %ij{jmdniajk~' ijnkjmia~)*



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9*9* K^]DCGKNKS NSI]KSIA^ MK DSNEI_A

^k }sd}d mk {jd pd{}d c~ind mk asmkj' naj~ksvdnij' gandgirdnij y naj~{g}dmk ijasfdnij' k ifpgind mi~pajks mk pd{}d~ najnsk}d~ pdsd kg dsneiva %nsi&}ksia dgdc}ina' nsajaghina' nsajaghina ijvks~a' k}n*)*

K~}d acgihdnij k~} mkojimd pdsd kg }sd}dfikj}a mk oneksa~ ja d{}afd}ird&

ma~ mk jivkg c~ina' fkmia y dg}a*

9*40* K^]DCGKNKS MI^PA^I]I_A^ MK DGFDNKJDFIKJ]A _GIMA^

K~ {jd fkmimd dpgindcgk d ga~ oneksa~ ja d{}afd}irdma~ a fdj{dgk~' ~ikf&psk y n{djma naj}kjhdj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg' k ifpgind kg k~}dcgkni&fikj}a mk skt{i~i}a~ t{k ifpimdj kg dnnk~a ~ina d pks~ajdg ja d{}asirdmad gd~ ij~}dgdniajk~ majmk k~}j dgfdnkjdma~*

Mk k~}k fama' }ama~ ga~ oneksa~ kj ~apas}k pdpkg t{k naj}kjhdj md}a~ mkndsn}ks pks~ajdg mkckj k~}ds mkcimdfkj}k dgfdnkjdma~' ifpa~icigi}djma~{ dnnk~a d gd~ pks~ajd~ t{k ja k~}j d{}asirdmd~ pdsd ~{ }sd}dfikj}a*Pdsd kgga ga~ fkndji~fa~ mk ~kh{simdm f~ {}igirdma~ ~aj ga~ dsfdsia~ adsneivdmask~' t{k mkcksj mi~pajks mk fkndji~fa~ dmkn{dma~ mk nikssk%ggdvk~ mk ~kh{simdm' ndjmdma~' a }dsbk}d~ fdhj}ind~' k}n*)

Ga ifpas}dj}k' kj n{dgt{iks nd~a' k~ hdsdj}irds t{k kg dnnk~a d gd man{fkj&}dnij ja ~k skdgird pas pks~ajd~ ja d{}asirdmd~* Ja ~k }sd}d pas }dj}a mkmkojis {jd gi~}d nkssdmd mk mi~pa~i}iva~ mk dgfdnkjdfikj}a vgima~' ~ija mkt{k gd psapid kfpsk~d vdgask k~}d nisn{j~}djnid*

9*44* N[^]AMIDS GA^ ^APAS]K^

Kg pks~ajdg t{k k~} d ndsha mk ga~ man{fkj}a~ naj md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks&

~ajdg pas fa}iva~ mk }sdcdba mkck ~ks migihkj}k y n{~}amids minea~ man{&



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fkj}a~' ifpimikjma kg dnnk~a d mined ijasfdnij pas pds}k mk pks~ajdg jad{}asirdma*

Gd acgihdnij mk naj}ds naj k~}d n{~}amid k~} mkojimd d pds}is mkg }sd}d&fikj}a mk oneksa~ ja d{}afd}irdma~ mk jivkg c~ina*

9*43* K^]DCGKNKS PSANKMIFIKJ]A^ MK NAPID A SKPSAM[NNIJMK MAN[FKJ]A^

Kj kg kbksninia mk gd~ dn}ivimdmk~ mk {jd kfpsk~d p{kmk ~ks jknk~dsid gdskdgirdnij mk napid~ mk man{fkj}a~ asihijdgk~*

Kj kg nd~a mk gd~ napid~ }kjhdj pas acbk}a md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg mkjivkg dg}a mk {j oneksa ja d{}afd}irdma' ~ga pamsj ~ks skdgirdmd~ y ~{&pksvi~dmd~ pas gd~ pks~ajd~ d{}asirdmd~ d }dg kkn}a kj kg man{fkj}a mk~kh{simdm*

D~ifi~fa' ~k acgihd d gd mk~}s{nnij mk gd napid n{djma ed mkbdma mk }kjkskg {~a pdsd kg t{k {k nskdmd' hdsdj}irdjma gd ifpa~icigimdm mk skn{pksdnijmk gd ijasfdnij*

9*4>* NIOSDS GD^ NAF[JINDNIAJK^

Kj kg nd~a mk }sd}ds naj oneksa~ d{}afd}irdma~ mk jivkg dg}a' }amd gd ijas&fdnij t{k ~k }sdj~fi}d d }sdv~ mk skmk~ pcgind~ a skmk~ ijdgfcsind~ mknaf{jindniajk~ mkcks ~ks nisdmd' a {}igirds n{dgt{iks a}sa fkndji~fa t{khdsdj}ink t{k gd ijasfdnij ja ~kd ij}kgihicgk ji fdjip{gdcgk pas }ksnksa~*



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9*4=* K^]DCGKNKS FKNDJI^FA^ MK NAJ]SAG KJ KG ND^A MK]SD^GDMA MK MAN[FKJ]DNIJ

N{djma gd man{fkj}dnij' ijmkpkjmikj}kfkj}k mk ga~ md}a~ pks~ajdgk~t{k naj}kjhd' edyd mk ~ks }sd~gdmdmd {ksd mk ~{ {cindnij asihijdg' ~k edjmk dpginds fkmimd~ mk ~kh{simdm t{k kvi}kj kg dnnk~a d ga~ md}a~ pas pds}kmk }ksnksd~ pks~ajd~*

9*4;* SKDGIRDS D[MI]ASD^

Gd jasfd}ivd dn}{dg mk}ksfijd gd acgihdnij mk skdgirds {jd d{mi}asid cikjdgd pds}is mkg }sd}dfikj}a mk oneksa~ d{}afd}irdma~ y ja d{}afd}irdma~ mkjivkg fkmia* K~}a ifpgind gd jknk~imdm mk ~afk}ks~k' dg fkja~ ndmd ma~da~' d {jd d{mi}asd ij}ksjd a ku}ksjd t{k vksiot{k kg n{fpgifikj}a mk gd~fkmimd~ mk ~kh{simdm pskvi~}d~ kj kg SMGAPM y mk~dssaggdmd~ ~afksd&

fkj}k kj gd psk~kj}k H{d*

Gd kfpsk~d mkcks naj~imksds gd pds}inipdnij mk pks~ajdg ij}ksja kupks}akj gd fd}ksid %pas kbkfpga' mkpds}dfkj}a mk d{mi}asd ij}ksjd' kj nd~a mkkui~}is)' a cikj naj}sd}ds ga~ ~ksvinia~ mk {j d{mi}as ku}ksja naj najanifikj&}a~ kj k~}d skd*

D~ifi~fa' naj ndsn}ks ku}sdasmijdsia' mkcks naj~imksds~k gd skdgirdnijmk {jd d{mi}asd ~ikfpsk t{k ~k skdginkj famiondniajk~ ~{~}djnidgk~ kj ga~

~i~}kfd~ mk ijasfdnij t{k p{kmdj skpksn{}is kj kg n{fpgifikj}a mk gd~fkmimd~ mk ~kh{simdm ifpgdj}dmd~ naj kg acbk}iva mk vksionds gd dmdp}dnij'dmkn{dnij y kondnid mk gd~ fi~fd~*

Kg ijasfk mk d{mi}asd mkcks min}dfijds ~acsk gd dmkn{dnij mk gd~ fkmi&md~ y naj}sagk~ d gd Gky y ~{ mk~dssagga skhgdfkj}dsia' imkj}ionds ~{~ mko&nikjnid~ y psapajks gd~ fkmimd~ nasskn}asd~ a nafpgkfkj}dsid~ jknk~dsid~*Mkcks' ih{dgfkj}k' ijng{is ga~ md}a~' eknea~ y ac~ksvdniajk~ kj t{k ~kcd~kj ga~ min}fkjk~ dgndjrdma~ y gd~ sknafkjmdniajk~ psap{k~}d~*



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Ga~ ijasfk~ mk d{mi}asd mkcksj ~ks djdgirdma~ pas kg sk~paj~dcgk mk ~k&h{simdm nafpk}kj}k' t{k kgkvds gd~ najng{~iajk~ dg sk~paj~dcgk mkg oneksaa }sd}dfikj}a pdsd t{k dmap}k gd~ fkmimd~ nasskn}asd~ dmkn{dmd~* D~ifi~&fa' minea~ ijasfk~ t{kmdsj d mi~pa~inij mk gd Dhkjnid mk Psa}knnijmk Md}a~' a kj ~{ nd~a' mk gd~ d{}asimdmk~ mk naj}sag mk gd~ naf{jimdmk~d{}jafd~*

D naj}ij{dnij ~k f{k~}sd {j kbkfpga mk ga~ pd~a~ d ~kh{is kj {jd d{mi}asd2

4) Skdgirds {j ijvkj}dsia mk oneksa~

3) Pdsd ndmd {ja mk ga~ oneksa~ skdgirds gd~ ~ih{ikj}k~ dn}ivimdmk~2

Skvi~ds kg man{fkj}a mk ~kh{simdm*

Skvi~ds kg dnnk~a ghina d ga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg %oneksa~d{}afd}irdma~)*

Skvi~ds kg dnnk~a ~ina d ga~ md}a~ mk ndsn}ks pks~ajdg %oneksa~d{}afd}irdma~ y ja d{}afd}irdma~)*

Skvi~ds gd~ pag}ind~ mk napid~ mk sk~pdgma y hk~}ij mk ~apas}k~*

Skvi~ds kg skhi~}sa mk ijnimkjnid~*

>) Dmkf~' pdsd ndmd {ja mk ga~ oneksa~ mk jivkg fkmia skdgirds ga~ih{ikj}k2

Skvi~ds gd~ dj}ksiask~ d{mi}asd~*

Ps{kcd~ naj md}a~ skdgk~ %Skvi~ds t{k ja ~k {}iginkj md}a~ skdgk~

kj ps{kcd~ nafa pas kbkfpga2 ps{kcd~ mk ~a}xdsk)*



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=) Dmkf~' pdsd ndmd {ja mk ga~ oneksa~ mk jivkg dg}a skdgirds ga~ih{ikj}k2

Skvi~ds ga~ skhi~}sa~ mk dnnk~a~*

Skvi~ds gd~ }kgknaf{jindniajk~*



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40*4* IJ^]I][]A JDNIAJDG MK ]KNJAGAHD^ MK GD NAF[JINDNIJ

Kg Ij~}i}{}a Jdniajdg mk ]knjagahd~ mk gd Naf{jindnij %IJ]KNA)' ~anik&mdm k~}d}dg psafavimd pas kg Fiji~}ksia mk Ijm{~}sid' ]{si~fa y Nafksnia' k~{jd pgd}dasfd pdsd kg mk~dssagga mk gd ânikmdm mkg Najanifikj}a d }sdv~mk psaykn}a~ mkg fci}a mk gd ijjavdnij y gd }knjagahd* ^{ acbk}iva k~ ma&cgk2 pas {jd pds}k' naj}sic{is d gd najvkshkjnid mk K~pdd naj K{sapd kj gd

ânikmdm mk gd Ijasfdnij y' mk a}sd pds}k' psafavks kg mk~dssagga skhiajdg'kjsdirdjma kj Gkj {j psaykn}a naj vandnij hgacdg* Gd fi~ij mk IJ]KNAk~ ifp{g~ds y mk~dssaggds psaykn}a~ mk ijjavdnij skgdniajdma~ naj kg ~kn}asmk gd~ ]knjagahd~ mk gd Ijasfdnij y gd Naf{jindnij %]IN) y kj hkjk&sdg' kj kg fci}a mk gd ânikmdm mk gd Ijasfdnij' t{k fkbaskj gd pa~inijmk K~pdd y dpas}kj nafpk}i}ivimdm' ku}kjmikjma ~{~ ndpdnimdmk~ }dj}a dgkj}asja k{sapka nafa dg gd}ijadfksindja* D~' kg Ij~}i}{}a }ikjk gd vandnijmk ~ks {j nkj}sa mk mk~dssagga mk ndsn}ks ijjavdmas y mk ij}ks~ pcgina

d jivkg jdniajdg t{k naj~}i}{is {jd ijinid}ivd kjsit{knkmasd y mi{~asd mkgd~ j{kvd~ }knjagahd~ kj K~pdd kj ngdsd ~ij}ajd naj K{sapd* Kg acbk}a~anidg mk IJ]KNA k~ gd hk~}ij' d~k~asdfikj}a' psafanij y mi{~ij mkpsaykn}a~ }knjaghina~ kj kg fdsna mk gd ânikmdm mk gd Ijasfdnij* Pdsdkgga' IJ]KNA mk~dssaggds dn}{dniajk~' dg fkja~' kj gjkd~ k~}sd}hind~ mk^kh{simdm ]knjaghind' Dnnk~icigimdm' Ijjavdnij kj ~ag{niajk~ ]IN pdsd gdPyfk' k&^dg{m' k&Mkfansdnid*

40*3* AC^KS_D]ASIA MK GD ^KH[SIMDM MK GD IJOASFDNIJ

Kg Ac~ksvd}asia mk gd kh{simdm mk gd Ijasfdnij ~k ij~ks}d mkj}sa mk gd gjkdk~}sd}hind mk dn}{dnij mk IJ]KNA kj fd}ksid mk ^kh{simdm ]knjaghind*

Kg Ac~ksvd}asia jdnk naj kg acbk}iva mk mk~nsicis mk fdjksd mk}dggdmd y ~i~&}kf}ind kg jivkg mk ~kh{simdm y najodjrd kj gd ânikmdm mk gd Ijasfdnijy mk hkjksds najanifikj}a k~pknidgirdma kj gd fd}ksid* Mk k~}k fama' ~k

40* T{ijk~ ~afa~1

T{ijk~ ~afa~1


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kjn{kj}sd dg ~ksvinia mk ga~ ni{mdmdja~' gd~ kfpsk~d~ y gd~ dmfiji~}sdnia&jk~ pcgind~ k~pdagd~ pdsd mk~nsicis' djdgirds' d~k~asds y mi{jmis gd n{g}{sdmk gd ^kh{simdm mk gd Ijasfdnij y gd k&Najodjrd*

Kg Ac~ksvd}asia ed mi~kdma {j Pgdj mk Dn}ivimdmk~ y K~}{mia~ naj kg acbk}amk psam{nis najanifikj}a k~pknidgirdma y }ig kj fd}ksid mk ~kh{simdm paspds}k mk IJ]KNA' d~ nafa mk kgdcasds sknafkjmdniajk~ y psap{k~}d~ t{k

mkojdj }kjmkjnid~ vgimd~ pdsd gd }afd mk mkni~iajk~ {}{sd~ pas pds}k mkga~ pamksk~ pcgina~*

Mkj}sa mk k~}k pgdj mk dnnij ~k skdgirdj gdcask~ mk ijvk~}ihdnij' djgi~i~'k~}{mia' d~k~asdfikj}a y miv{ghdnij t{k d}kjmksj' kj}sk a}sd~' d gd~ ~i&h{i

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