Gymnema sylvestre

Gymnema sylvestre

By Pallavi Bohra

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Introduction

Ankit Sanejal et.,al Gymnema sylvestre.2010

Herb, climber 8 m/600m height Native of southern,

central India and Srilanka, africa,Malasiya

Also known as Asclepias geminata, Gymnema melicida, and Pinus sylvestris

Other names English: Periploca

of woods Hindi:Gurmar

(Destroyer of sugar)

Sanskrit:Madhuashini

Marathi:Dhuleti Kannada:Sannage

raseha-mbu

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Classification


Kingdom: Plantae Subkingdom: Tracheobionta Superdivision: Spermatophyta Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Subclass: Asteridae Order: Gentianales Family: Asclepiadaceae Genus: Gymnema Species: sylvestre R.Br. (Robert

Brown)

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Plant morphology

Stem: Arial, hard and branched. Young stem’s branches are smooth and cylindrical.

Leaves: Elliptic, base acute to acuminate, glabrous and opposite.

Infloroscence: Umbellate cyme with small yellow coloured flowers

A.Sabhitha rani et.,al GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE:AN IMPORTANTANTIDIABETICPLANTOF INDIA:.2012

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Cultivation Best is sandy loam soil. For preparation : Make soil weed-free 10-12 tonnes/hectare of FYM and 250 kg of NPK

added as a basal dose at the time of preparation October-December : Seeds are collected and sown

in polybags. Feb-March: Seedling raised are planted in field 1-1.5 m spacing is recommended Green gram can be grown as a intercrop Irrigation require once a week October-Feb. One year leaves are ready to harvest Roots are collected in summers Aphid sp. is observed to attach this plant

National medicinal plant board

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Harvesting Leaves: 30-40 days leaves can be used One year time is best

Post harvesting methods: Dried in shade Packed in polybags Moisture content should only 8%

Chemical constitute: 7-9.6% of gymnemic acid

Yield and cost of cultivation: 1250 kg of dry leaves from one hectare in every three

months Cost of cultivation is 25000 Rs/hectare

National medicinal plant board

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Phyto Chemistry


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G.syvestre leaves extract contain oleanane and dammarene classes of triterpene saponins.

Major component: Gymnemic acid, gurmarin, gymnemasaponins and gymnemasides

Gymenemic acid and gymnemasaponins are group of oleanane type of saponins

Dammarene saponins are gymnemasides and

gurmarin

Other components: Resins, albumin, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, tartaric acid, formic acid, butyric acid, anthraquinone derivatives, inositole

Alkaloids, organic acid (5.5%), parabin, calcium oxalate (7.3%), lignin (4.8%), cellulose (22%)

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Nutraceutical values Slow the transport of glucose from the intestine to

the bloodstreamLower blood sugarLower gycosylated heamoglobin HbAC1Lower glycosylated plasma protein levelsDecreasing glycosuria

Chewing the leaves destroys the ability to identify the sweet taste

Fruits and leaves used for treating blood pressure and heart rhythms

http://www.drwhitaker.com/the-benefits-of-gymnema-sylvestre-extracthttp://www.drugs.com/npc/gymnema.html

A.Sabhitha rani et.,al GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE:AN IMPORTANTANTIDIABETICPLANTOF INDIA:.2012

http://www.drwhitaker.com/the-benefits-of-gymnema-sylvestre-extract

http://www.drwhitaker.com/the-benefits-of-gymnema-sylvestre-extract

http://www.drugs.com/npc/gymnema.html

http://www.drugs.com/npc/gymnema.html

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Continue………. Leaves are bitter, astringent and acrid

Also, anti-inflammatory, anthelmenthics, cardiotonic, expectorant and antipyretic.

Leaves are also used for stomach ailments, water retention, and liver disease, anaemia and eye complaints, jaundice, asthma and leucoderma.

Leaves also used to treat snake bite.A.Sabhitha rani et.,al GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE:AN IMPORTANTANTIDIABETICPLANTOF

INDIA:.2012

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continue….. Lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides

Reduce the complications of retinopathy by 38%

Other : Anti-inflammatory, anodyne, digestive, liver tonic, anti-emetic, diuretic, stimulant, laxative, uterine tonic and urinary disorder.

Useful in dyspepsia, constipation and jaundice, haemorrhoids, cardiopathy, asthma, bronchitis, amenorrhoea, conjunctivitis and leucoderma


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Mechanism of G.sylvestre (Gymnemic acid)-hypogycimic effect It promotes regeneration of islet cells It increases secretion of insulin It causes inhibition of glucose absorption

from intestine It increases utilization of glucose as it

increase the activities of enzymes responsible for utilization of glucose by insulin-dependent pathways, an increase in phosphorylase activity, decrease in gluconeogenic enzymes and sorbitol dehydrogenase

Decrease glucose absorption in the intestineAnkit Sanejal et.,al Gymnema

sylvestre.2010

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Ethnobotanical Uses (Tribal people) Jungle Irulas , Bourgeois classes inhabitants of

Nagari Hills (North Arcot District, Bombay and Gujarat): Habit of chewing a few green leaves in the morning in order to keep their urine clear and to reduce glycosuria

Vaids (Bombay and Madras): Used leaves in the treatment of furunculosis and madhumeha (Honey urine)

Juice obtained from root is used to treat vomiting and in dysentery

Plant paste is applied with mother’s milk to treat mouth ulcer


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Pharmacology studies Antiobesity Study: Gurmarin peptide block the ability to taste sweet or

bitter flavors and thus reduces sweet cravings Gymnema sylvestre extract and hydroxycitric acid,

niacin bound chromium can serve as an effective and safe weight loss formula

*Who took gymnema one hour before food eat less than the participants who had not consume gymnema

Antimicrobial Activity: Against Bacillus pumilis, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas

aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Ethanolic, Chloroform and Ethyl acetate extracts of the

aerial parts -antibacterial effects against P. vulgaris, E. coli, P. aeroginosa, Klebsella pneumoniae and S. aureus


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Suggested combinations with other herbs Diabetes :G. sylvestre can be taken

along with fenugreek, goat’s rue and neem leaves .

Weight loss :G.sylvestre with globe artichoke or blue flag for weight loss.

Hypercholesterolaemia: G. sylvestre recommended with turmeric, hawthorn, Silybum, globe artichoke and garlic.


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Limitation No major side effects have been

reported Can cause hypoglycaemia-medical

supervision require

Market info 2006/07

Market price:50Rs/kg (dry leaves) Market demands: 1tonnes/year

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Some products

http://www.mynutramart.com/vista-nutritions-resveratrol-plus-with-gymnema-sylvestre.html

,http://www.shopclues.com/amway-nutrilite-glucose-health-19.html?

gclid=CNTbr9umtMICFQcRjgod9xUAuQ&gclsrc=aw.ds

Some products




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Gymnema sylvestre