Hosta Species Update●The Hosta Library●ORG20060823●©W. George Schmid 2010 Original Edition 20060823 Revised Edition 20100601

H. jonesii M.G. Chung 1989 Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 76-3:920–922. 1989

다도해비비추 = Da-do-hae-bi-bi-chu ジョーンズイギボウシ = Jonesii Gibōshi

History and Nomenclature: In 1985, 1987, and 1988, M.G. Chung (1989) con-ducted field trips to collect hostas from natural populations in Korea and on Tsushima Island (対馬; Tsushima) of Japan. While researching several islands off the coast of southern Korea, Chung encountered morphologically distinct groups of Hosta populations and further research showed that these were not referable to any previously described species in the genus Hosta. Chung named this Korean species in honor of Dr. Samuel B. Jones, Jr., University of Georgia (retired). The Korean name 다도해비비추 = Da-do-hae-bi-bi-chu translates to “several islands,” indicating its habitat on a number of islands along the southwestern coast of the Korean peninsula. The area of collection is Province Kyongsangnam-do (경상 남도) Namhae Gun (남해군), Sangju Myeon, and the holotype was collected in 1988 on Mount Kumsan, Namhae Island (Namhae-do), where it grows in rocky humus in the shade of oak forests near the coast. This species is closely related to H. tsushimensis (ツシマ-

ギボウシ = Tsushima Gibōshi) and to H. tibae (ナガサキギボウシ= Nagasaki Gibō-shi). Schmid (1991) considered H. jonesii broadly related to these taxa, substantiating. 1, 2 = Namhae Isl. KOREA 3 = Dolsan Isl. 4 = Oenaro Isl. 5 = Jin (Chin) Isl. ◄Tsushima Isl. Cheju Island► JAPAN

Habitat of H. jonesii M.G. Chung 1989

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Map Data referenced from M.Y. Chung et. al. 2005

the placement made by M.G. Chung (1989), who also placed the latter in section Tardanthae, to which the former taxa also belong. Schmid (2001) assigned the Kata-kana Japanese name ジョーンズイギボウシ = Jonesii Gibōshi.

Habitat and Biology: The native populations are limited to a few southern islands, including Dolsan, Jin (Chin), Namhae and Oenaro islands (see map). A few isolated local populations of H. jonesii (usually 50–160 individuals in <400 m2 = <4300 ft2 contiguous area) occur in a few locations on Dolsan, Jin (Chin) and Namhae islands(M.Y. Chung and M.G. Chung, 2005). Among those shown on the map, the only island, which is still somewhat remote, is Oenaro Island. Its ecology is still well preserved due to its relative isolation. Local populations on Oenaro Island are still (as determined in the 2005 study) continuously distributed within two 0.8 hectare (≈ 2 acre) areas across the habitat, with 1000–2000 clonal shoots document-ed. (M.Y. Chung and M.G. Chung, 2005). Unfortunately, the endemic populations on the other three islands can be easily accessed, in fact Dolsan Island is connected by bridges to the mainland and human activities (collecting of plants, road and

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H. jonesii M.G. Chung 1989 다도해비비추 = Da-do-hae-bi-bi-chu = Many Islands Hosta

Jin-do; 60 m (197 ft) AMSL 1988, GA Voucher 1403

other construction), as well as a deteriorating ecology that have been very de-trimental to all plant life on these islands, including the H. jonesii populations. The populations from which the holotype and isotypes were collected in 1988 were revisited by Chung in 2003 and found to be extinct (M.Y. Chung and M.G. Chung, 2005). Chung points out that this species may be listed as ‘endangered’ in some of its habitat. Differentiation: H. jonesii differs from H. tsushimensis by its creeping rhizome, the scapes being reddish purple dotted at the base and the flowers being larger, suffused purple and somewhat bell-shaped. It is, however phenotypically very close to H. tsushimensis on Tsushima Island. It can be

assumed that both had the same ancestor and diverged slightly when they became isolated in different insular habitats. M.G. Chung (1990) performed cluster analysis and determined that these species are not only close morphologically, but cluster closely with the band count-ing method, as well as phenotype frequency. Thus, H. jonesii and H. tsushimensis are undoubtedly closely related. Schmid (1991) postulated that H. tibae is also a member of this group. Since Chung (1990) did not include the latter in his studies, it

n if biosystematic

◄◄◄ H. jo

©T. Av ◄ Note branching racemes

remains to be see

nesii (cultivated) Chung Coll. 1985

ent; Plant Delights Nursery

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H. jonesii holotype (in situ) 다도해비비추 = Da-do-hae-bi-bi-chu = Many

Islands Hosta Dolsan-do; 250 m (820 ft) AMSL; Vouch. GA 1613 Mt. Kumsan, near Yangha Ri; © M.G. Chung 1988

analysis connects this third species. They are also morpho-metrically very close. Ohba, et. al., (1987) suggests that H. tsushimensis mi-grated from Korea to Tsu-shima Island and Kyushu, Japan, during the Pleistocene and speciated on the island together with other glacial remnants. Schmid (1991) suggests that the reverse may have occurred and that H. tsushimensis and H. jonesii originated with the ancestral populations of H. tibae in northwestern Kyushu. Not-withstanding, Chung (1990) argues that H. jonesii and H. tsushimensis may have devel-oped from elements of H. minor separated by the last glacial event. It is more likely that the propagule was a Japan-ese species, based on macromorphological similar-ities and distribution pat-terns. It has been established that the propagules for H. venusta originated with H. minor Chung (1990 fide C. Kim pers. comm.) and this is expressed in high phenotypical and biosys-tematic analogies. Future bio-systematic analysis may con-nect H. jonesii with . tsushimensis and H. tibae. While scape branching has been observed in other species, i.e. H. longipes (Schmid; 1991), it is not a consistent character. On the other hand, the natural populations of H. jonesii, H. tsushimensis and H. tibae include many phenotypes that exhibit consistent branching of the scapes. This may be an evolutionary response to a lack of compatible pol-linators in the windswept insular and coastal environment they inhabit. Specimens (in L) collected by von Siebold (as early as 1827 on Inasa-yama [

H

e to varietal rank under H. tsushimensis as H. tsushimensis var. tibae.

稲佐山], Kyushū) also show this branching in H. tibae on Kyushu, Japan (Schmid, 1991). N. Fujita and M.N. Tamura (2008) proposed a change in rank of H. tiba

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H. jonesii (cultivated paratype ex M.G. Chung)

S.B. Jones R.G. Garden ● © W.G. Schmid 1989

H. jonesii in Cultivation: H. jonesii is rarely seen in gardens. Virtually all of the material sold in the US under this name is incorrect. This is unfortunate, because it is an attractive species. In cultiation H. jonesii is much more vigorous in growth than H. tsushimensis and is an attractive hor-ticultural item. Of high garden interest are the branched scapes, which can be observed in some of the cultivated clones. Scapes with branching are pre-sent in H. tibai and in H. tsushimensis, which grow in Nagasaki Prefecture directly across the Korea Strait and Tsushima Island located in the strait. Some clones have branched scapes and together with H. tsushimensis and H. tibai lend an unusual look to scape morphology during scape elongation in early summer. Obviously, a multiplicity of flowers is also favorable in a garden setting. It seems that well cared for cultivated specimens have a higher ten-dency to form multiple racemes. The multiple racemes are arranged dif-ferently from those in H. tibai and H. tsushimensis in that they originate in the upper part of the raceme and remain upright, while the other species have branches that originate much further down the scape and are longer and leaning sharply away from the main raceme. The Hosta Registry Web site hosta does not list any cultivars associated with this species and it is doubtful that any hybrids have been made with this species.

◄◄◄ H. jonesii (cultivated) Bud with large bracts

Hosta Hill R. G. ©W.G. Schmid 1989

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H. jonesii (cultivated) Chung Coll. 1985

© T. Avent; Plant Delights Nursery

Plant Morphology: Investigation of H. jonesii endemic populations in situ shows that this species reproduces both vegetatively as well as by seed. It was found that genetic diversity in the total sample to be similar to samples excluding clones. Thus, clones do not sig-nificantly affect levels of genetic diversity of endemic populations (M.Y. Chung et al; 2005). In cul-tivation, several phenotypes exist, one having branched racemes, while others form the raceme on the top extension of the scape without branching as is the case with most hosta species. Most of the samples included in this study represent the branched raceme phenotype. The collected sample may consist of

ranched racemes, while others form the raceme on the top extension of the scape without branching as is the case with most hosta species. Most of the samples included in this study represent the branched raceme phenotype. The collected sample may consist of

Plant size 45 cm(2–5 by 0.20–0.35 in. wcm flat, smooth, dull g

Plant size 45 cm(2–5 by 0.20–0.35 in. wcm flat, smooth, dull g

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◄◄◄ H.jonesii▲▲▲

(cultivated UGA Voucher) ◄ elongating branching raceme

Hosta Hill R.G.

H. jonesii Hosta Hill R.G. ©W.G

UGA VouNamhae

(cultivated) . Schmid 1989.07.27

cher 1075 Island,

clones. clones.

dia., 20 cm high (18 by 8 in.). Petiole 5–13 cm by 5–8 mm wide ide), slightly winged, erect, green with purple dots. Leaf 10–20 reen above, glossy lighter green below, decurrent to petiole.

dia., 20 cm high (18 by 8 in.). Petiole 5–13 cm by 5–8 mm wide ide), slightly winged, erect, green with purple dots. Leaf 10–20 reen above, glossy lighter green below, decurrent to petiole.

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Venation 5–7, not sunken above, slightly projected, smooth below. Scape 30–60 cm long (12–24 in.), erect, straight to slightly obliquely ascending, green, purplish red dotted at base. Sterile bracts, 2–3, clasping the stem; fertile bracts, navicular, lanceolate, thick, green, per-sisting, not withering at anthesis. Raceme long, 25–30 cm (10–12 in.), loosely arranged, to 20 flowers, in some phenotypes with branched

configuration, 2–8 flowers per branch. Flowers 4–5 cm long and 2.5 cm broad (1.5–2 by 1 in.), nearly purple, white nerves (veins) inside, whitish narrow tube, perianth expanding, in the central part dilated bell-shaped, lobes spreading but not recurving, ◄ Type B tepal color (see illustration). Pedicels: obliquely ascend-ing, 4–8mm (0.15–0.35 in.) whitish green, purple-dotted, shorter than bracts; stamens: Equal or slightly longer than perianth. Pistil: Projecting. Anthers purple. August. Fertile.

Karyotype-Chromosomes: Sporophytic Count = 60; 12 large, 48 small; (2n). Pollen: (Pollen shape after Erdtman, 1966): H. jonesii was not included by M.G. Chung and S.B. Jones (1989) because this palynology study was published prior to the establishment of the taxon H. jonesii. The data for H. tsushimensis are: Subtype RG(IIA) (rugulate granulate) and OS (oblate-spheroidal); size in the range of P 69.0 ± 1.9 × E 64.3 ± 2.4 (Sizes given in µm polar axis (P) × equatorial axis (E)) and H. jonesii is estimated have a similar type and size. This is a preliminary evaluation and exact data must await future analysis.

Genome Size: DNA content (2C) in pg (10-12 gram) = 17.5 ± 0.09. (Zonneveld, B.J.M. and F. Van Iren. 2001. (As with other data, this value indicates close relationship with H. tsushimensis, the latter having having a pg of 17.3 ± 0.12).

DNA Banding: Recent RAPD analysis (Y. Yu, 2002; Sauve, R.J., S. Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid. 2005), did not include H. jonesii. However the banding patterns of 4 species accessions (See Fig. B) were compared in the 2002/2005 studies. The 4 species shown in the banding pattern were compared using a single primer OPB-01 (5'-GTTTCGCTCC-3'), generated three bands as shown in Fig. B. The polymorphic band (850bp) common to (36) H. tardiva, (39) H. takahashii, (40) H. tibae allowed for the separation of (41) H. tsushimensis from the group. The second band (937bp), which was common to (36) H. tardiva and (40) H. tibae allowed for their separation from (39) H. takahashii. The third band (676bp) allowed for the separation of (40) H. tibae from (36) H. tardiva. Separation of H. tsushimensis from this group is an indication that this species is closer related to H. jonesii (confirmed by DNA content).

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36 39 40 41 Banding Pattern (Fig. B) 36 = H. tardiva 39 = H. takahashii 40 = H. tibae 41 = H. tsushimensis

Taxonomic Type and Synonymy: H. jonesii M. G. Chung 1989. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 76, 3:920–922 1989. Type: In GA, No. 1613, 28 August 1988; coll. M. G. Chung and M. S. Chung; on

Mount Kumsan, ascent from River Yangha, Kyongsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang, 경상 남도), Namhae Gun (Namhae County; 남해군), Sanju Myeon, Namhae Island (Namhae-do); common; GA, No. 957, Chŏllanam-do, (South Jeolla, 전라 남도),Yoch'on Gun, (Yeosu; 여수시) Dolsan Island (Tolsan-do) (paratype).

Paratypes, Korea: Kyongsangnam-do, Namhae Gun, Namhae Island; Mt. Kumsan, Chung s.n. (NA); Chollanam-do, Yoch’on Gun, Dolsan Island, M. Chung 957(GA); S. Lee 101 (GA), 103 (KYO), 106 (MO), 107 (SNU), 112 (TI). Each collection from shade of pine oak forest on rocky and rich humus soil near ocean.

Habitat: Among rocky humus soil on south-facing slopes at 250 s. m. s., shady pine-oak forests near the ocean. Hab.: island along the southern coast of Korea. According to Chung (2005), some of the populations from which type specimens were collected are now extinct.

Japanese Synonyms: ジョーンズイギボウシ (Katakana) = Jonesii Giboshi. Korean Synonyms: 다도해비비추 = Da-do-hae-bi-bi-chu

Horticultural Synonyms: Many Islands Hosta

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H. jonesii M.G. Chung 1989 Drawing of young plant from the holotype description ex. Annals of the Missouri Bot. Garden, Vol. 76, 3:921. Del. M.G. Chung A = General Habit B = Flower Side View C = Leaf, Abaxial Surface

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Two

H. jonesii (voucher 1403)

(cultivated – in bloom) W.G. Schmid 1989.07.29

H. jonesii ) photos by ©T. Naka

nred nor are any reflected in other records.

(cultivated

cultural Progeny: ue H. jonesii is rarely seen in gardens. ar for Hosta, Kevin P. Walek, no sports this taxon as a pod (♀ H. jonesii) or polle

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©

H. jonesii (voucher 1403) flowers emerging from short

raceme side branch W.G. Schmid 1989.07.29

yma/HL (not a voucher) ▲

(♂ H. jonesii) parent have been

According to the International (mutations) or hybrids, which

References: Chung, M. G., 1989. Hosta jonesii (Liliaceae/Funkiaceae): A New Species From ` Korea. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 76, 3:920–922.

, M.G. 1990. A Biosystematic Study on the genus Hosta (Liliaceae/Funkiaceae) in Korea and Tsushima Island of Japan. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens; including: Morphometric and isoenzyme analysis of the ge

Chung

Chung

Ohba,

boshi Zoku.

Yu, Y.ary in Sauve,

nus Hosta Tratt. and Isoenzyme variation w. & a. populations of Hosta in Korea. , M.G. and S.B. Jones. 1989. Pollen morphology of Hosta Tratt. (FunkiaceaeChung ) and related genera. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 116, 1:31–44.

Chung, M.G. and J.W. Kim. 1991. The genus Hosta Tratt. (Liliaceae) in Korea. Sida (1991) 14: 411-420. M.Y., Y. Suh, J. Loopez-Pujol, J.D. Nason and M.G. Chung, 2005. Clonal and fine-scale genetic structure in populations of a restricted Korean endemic, Hosta jonesii (Liliaceae) and the implications for conservation. Annals of Botany 96: 279–288. an, G. 1966. Pollen morphology aErdtm nd plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. Hafner Publishing Company: New York. N., 1976. The genus Hosta (LiliacFujita, eae) in Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geo-botanica, Vol. 27, 3/4:77-80 1976.

Fujita, N. and M.N. Tamura. 2008. Acta Phytotax. et Geobot. Vol. 59, No. 1: 31-36. Grant. V. 1981. Plant speciation. Columbia University Press; N.Y.

wa, F. 1937. DivisionMaeka es et plantae novae generis Hostae (1). J. Japanese Botany, 13, No. 12:893–905. wa, F. 1940. The genus Hosta. J. of the FaMaeka culty of Science, Imperial University Tokyo, Section 3 Botany, Vol. 5:317–425. H., Ishii, N. and Saito, S., 1987. Biogeography of Tsushima Island. In: Report on the Natural Resource Investigation of Tsushima Island; Nature of Tsushima Island. pp. 259–271. H. and Midorikawa, K., 1987. Some RemarOhba, ks on the Flora of Tsushima Island, NW Nature of Tsushima Island. pp. 63–78. R.J., S. Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid. 2005. Random amplifieSauve, d polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis in the genus Hosta. HortScience 40(4). , W.G. 1991. The genus Hosta: GibSchmid oshi Zoku (ギボウシ属). London : B.T. Batsford; Portland: Timber Press.

d, W.G. 1991. The Korean species. (in The genus Hosta: GSchmi iLondon : B.T. Batsford; Portland: Timber Press.) Pp. 297-298.

Schmid, W.G. 2001. Proposed Katakana Japanese names (unpublished) d, W.G. 2004. Hosta species andSchmi DNA fingerprinting. Bull. Brit. Hosta Hemerocallis Soc. 2004: 50, 59-66.

d, W.G. 2005. Species and sucSchmi h: Hosta DNA fingerprinting. The Hosta Journal, Vol. 36 2005 (3): 69-74.

ers, A.J., 1972. Numbered Acquisition List, Hortus Summers, A. JSumm . 1964 through 1972 (Unpublished; contributed to author by A. J. Summers). 2002. Classification of hosta species and cultivars based on RAPD analysis. TSU Graduate School (with W.G. Schmid); published in s

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ummR.J., S. Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid. 2005 (which see).

Zilis, M.R. 2000. The Hosta handbook. Rochelle: Q & Z Nursery, Inc. eld, B.J.M. and F.Van Iren. 2001. Genome size and pollen viability as taxonomic criteria: Application to

Zonnevthe genus Hosta. Plant Biology, 3, pp. 176-

185. G. Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart.

ublished in printed rm without the author’s written permission.

W. George Schmid: HostaLibrary.org/species/

© W.George Schmid 2010: The text and illustrations are copy-righted and are available for personal reference only. Other contributors retain their copyright of featured photographs as noted in captions. The content may not be pfo

Web quote reference:

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H. jonesii (cultivated) typical star-shaped flower buds – branches emergingHosta Hill R.G. ©W.G. Schmid 1989.07.15

Namhae Island; UGA Voucher 1075