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HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH

H U M A N R I G H T S W A T C H - Human Rights Watch ...¤¨व बर2017 ISBN: 978-1-6231-35454 "सब म झ द ष द त ह " भ रत म य न हमल क उत

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  • H U M A N

    R I G H T S

    W A T C H

  • " "

  • 2017 . . ISBN: 978-1-6231-35454 : . - , , - . .

    . . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

    : http://www.hrw.org

  • 2017 ISBN: 978-1-6231-35454

    " "

    .................................................................................................................................. 1 .................................................................................................... 3 ...................................................................... 6 ........................................................................ 9 ................................................................................... 10 ........................................................................ 11 ........................................................................................................... 12

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    I. ............................................................................................................ 16 ................................................................................................... 16 , ............................................................. 17 .................................................................................... 20 .................................. 22

    II. ...................................................................................................... 25 ................................................ 26 , . 29 ............................................................................................. 38 .................................................................................... 42 .................................................................................................. 46 ....................................................................................................... 52

    III. ...................................................................... 57 , ............................................................ 57 2014 ............................................ 59 ................................................................. 64

  • IV. ........................................................................ 69 ............................................................................................... 72

    V. ....................................................................... 75 ................................................................................................................. 76 ............................................................................................ 77 .................................................................................................. 77

    VI. ....................................................................................... 81 2013 ..................................................................................... 81 ............................................................................... 84 ................................... 85 ...................................................................... 85

    VII. ...................................................................................................................... 89 ................................................................................................... 89 ........................................................................................ 90 ..................................................... 92 .............................................................................. 94 ........................................................................... 95 , , , , , , () ................................................................. 95

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  • 1 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    2017 23 . , , . . . . .

    *** 2012 , , , . 2013 , , . , " . ." , , . 2017 , .

  • " " 2

    . , . , , . , , . , " ." () , 2013, , ( " ") ( ) . 2015 ( ) 39 . 2012 24,923 2015 34,651 . . , , . 21 - 10 18 - , , , , , , , 65 . , , , , , , 65 .

  • 3 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

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    , , . 2013 , . . () , , . - " " "" , . , 22 30 , 2016 , . , , , . . , 2 . , . , . :

  • " " 4

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    2013 , 66 . . , , - . 23 14 , 2015 . , . , . . . 2015 , . , . 2013 () - . , 2014

  • 5 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , . - . , - . 2016 , 16 , . - . . . , - , . :

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  • 7 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    - . " " " "( ) " " , . , , 2014 . , , , , 9 . , , . , . , , - . 18 . . : " , , . ." . , , , - - . , " [] , . . , () ."

  • " " 8

    , 2014 , , . , () . , " ". , 2014 2012 - , . , 17 . , " . , - , ." - , . . 2014 () . - , , . , , . 2015 . - , . , . :

  • 9 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

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  • " " 10

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  • 11 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    . 21 . , " , ?" , , , . , 2017 151 , . . , - . , .

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  • " " 12

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  • 13 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    - () , 2013 , 2012 - . . , . , 2013 . , , . 1 . . 2016 2017 - , , ( ) . 2 , . . , ,

    1 , ": ," 12 , 2013. https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/12/12/india-supreme-court-ruling-undermines-lgbt-rights. 2 2015 4,391 , 4,144, 3,644 3,025 . 1,070 . " , 2015," , , , http://ncrb.nic.in /StatPublications/CII/CII2015/FILES/Statistics-2015_rev1_1.pdf (15 , 2017 ).

  • " " 14

    . . 15 25 . . , 21 . . 21 18 . , 15 , . , . 12 . , , , . . . . , . . .

  • 15 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , () . : , - , , ( ). "" 18 . "" 18 . " " .

  • " " 16

    I. ?

    - , , 2016

    2012 , 23 . 3 , . , , - - . , 2013 . , . , - , 2012 () , .4 , , () , 2012 (24,923) 2015 (34,651) 39 . 5 2015

    3 ": , , 29 , 2012, https://www.hrw.org /news/2012/12/29/india-rape-victims-death-demands-action 4 , 2012 32, 19 , 2012, http://indiacode.nic.in/ amendmentacts2012/The%20Protection%20of%20Children%20From%20Sexual%20Offences%20Act.pdf (29 , 2017 ). 5 " , 2015," (), , , http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/CII/CII2015/FILES/Compendium-15.11.16.pdf (15 , 2016 ); " , 2012," http://ncrb.nic.in/StatPublications/CII/CII2012/Statistics2012.pdf (15 , 2016 ).

  • 17 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , 34,771 11,393 . 2015 , 2013 " " , () .6 . , , .7

    , , . : , . 2013 , . 8 , , 96 , 32 18 . 6 " : ," , 18 , 2015, http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/dramatic-rise-in-rape-cases-registered-govt/ (2 , 2016 ). 7 - " " . , " ," 2015-2016, http://rchiips.org/nfhs/pdf/NFHS4/India.pdf (7 , 2017 ). 8 2014 , - . 68 , 15 2014 , http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/full-text-prime-minister-narendra-modis-speech-on-68th-independence-day/ (20 , 2017 ).

  • " " 18

    , , ,, .

    . : ; ; ; . . [ ] , , ? ... , , , ,... , , , . ? , . - , , , , 20179 , , . , . - ., , , 201710 , . - , , , , 201511

    9 " ? , , ., 11 , 2017 https://www.thequint.com/india/2017/02/11/sexism-misogynist-rape-wont-happen-if-women-parked-at-home-like-cars-andhra-assembly-speaker (21 , 2017 ). 10 " : , ' ' ," ., 3 , 2017 http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/on-bengaluru-new-years-eve-horror-politician-abu-azmis-naked-women-shocker-1644496 (20 , 2017 ). 11 " : , ?" ., 11 , 2014 http://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/mulayams-shocker-on-rape-boys-make-mistakes-why-hang-them-556875 (20 , 2017 ).

  • 19 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    [] . . - , , , 201412 , . - , , , 201413 . [ ] . - , , , 201314 , . ? . [ ] . - , , , 201315 , . - , , , 201216

    12 " ' ' ," , 8 , 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/08/indian-minister-rape-remark-anger-violence-women (20 , 2017 ). 13 , " ," 29 , 20 14, http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-india-rape-idUKBREA0S0P520140129 (20 , 2017 ). 14 , " ," , 5 , 2013, http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/women-equally-responsible-for-crimes-against-them/article4273827.ece (20 , 2017 ). 15 " : ," , 8 , 2013, http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-women-should-not-venture-out-with-males-who-are-not-kin-abu-azmi-1786920 (20 , 2017 ). 16 " : ," , 25 , 2012, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rape-victim-should-have-been-careful-Andhra-Pradesh-Congress-chief/articleshow/17748819.cms (20 , 2017 ).

  • " " 20

    . , 45 2016 " " , , .17 , , . :

    . , " , [ ] ."18

    , . . , . , . .19

    17 , " 45 2016, ," . 4 , 2017, http://theladiesfinger.com/high-court-judgments-2016-in-rape-cases/ (1 , 2017). 18 , , , 16 , 2017. 19 , " : ," 2013, https://www.hrw. org/report/2013/02/07/breaking-silence/child-sexual-abuse-india.

  • 21 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    . 40 . .20 :

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  • " " 22

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    .25 , - , , .26 , , . , ,

    23 , , , 16 , 2016. 24 - , , 8 , 2016. 25 , , , , http://www.safedelhi.in/womens-safety-audit.html (29 , 2017 ). 26 " ?" , 27 , 2014, http://safetipin.com/blog/1/what-is-a-safety-audit/ (29 , 2017 ).

  • 23 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    .27 . , - .28 - , " () . , . ."29 2015 , " " . , "" . , , -- () . , " , ."30 - , . , , " . ."31 - .32 27 ? https://twitter.com/whyloiter?lang=en (29 , 2017 ). 28 , http://safetipin.com/ (29 , 2017 ). 29 , , 27 , 2017. 30 , , 27 , 2017.. 31 , , 18 , 2017. 32 , http://www.femindia.net/ (20 , 2017 ). , , . , , . http://www.populationfoundation.in/ (20 , 2017 ). , http://therealmard.org/ (20 , 2017 ).

  • " " 24

    . , 33 , .34 , .35 , - , . 2012-2017 12 , . , . , - , . , , .

    33 . 34 , " ," ., 9 , 2014, http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/09/319529037/indias-rape-uproar-ignites-demand-to-end-open-defecation (19 , 2017 ). 35 , " : ," , 1 , 2017, http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/swachh-bharat-mission-heading-failure (19 , 2017 ).

  • 25 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    II. . , , " ."

    - ( ), , , 2017

    , , .36 . , , .37

    36 , " ," , 14 2012, http://www.t ehelka.com/2012/04/the-rapes-will-go-on/?singlepage= 1 (20 , 2017 ). 37 . 2006 , . , , . , " : ," , 2016, http://www.niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/document_publication/Strengthening-Police-Force.pdf (17 , 2017 ). , , . , , ": ", 18 2016, https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/04/18/india-high-cost-reporting-chhattisgarh; , " : ," 19 , 2016, https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/12/19/bound-brotherhood/indias-failure-end-killings-police-custody.

  • " " 26

    , , ( ) , , .38

    , . - () . . . . , .39 , , , .40

    38 217 , , https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1441158/ (19 , 2017 ). 39 , , ( " " ) . , : . 40 ( ), 2013 13, III , , 1973, 154 () (), http://indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/132013.pdf (12 , 2017 ).

  • 27 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , , .41 " " 42 " , " " " .43 " " - - , " " .44

    , .45 " " 46

    41 , 24. 18 . , , 157. . . , . , " , . . . , , 16 , 2017. 42 , (2014) 2 1. 2014 , . , " 154 ," . 15011/91/2013 - /-, http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/ AdvisoryCompulsoryRegistrationFIRs_141015.pdf (7 , 2017 ). 43 . 44 . 45 . , 172 (1). 46 , 173 (1).

  • " " 28

    , " ".47 , . , ( ) ( ) .48 .49 : .50 "" .51

    , .52 .53

    .54

    47 . 173 (1). 48 . 173. 49 , 25 (2). 50 , 173. 51 . 320. 52 ., , . 53 . 54 , 166 , , 2013 ; , 21.

  • 29 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

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  • " " 30

    , 28 2 , 2017 .55 , - . - , .56 :

    . , " ." , .57

    , , .58 , .

    , 1 , 2016 15 . . - 18 , . , . . , -

    55 ( ) , , , 7 , 2017. 56 - , , , 8, 2017. . 57 , , , 7 , 2017. 58 .

  • 31 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    . :

    , . .59

    , .60 24 , . , .61 . , , , , - .62 3 , .63 , , .64 .65

    59 ( ) - , , , 13 , 2017. 60 . 61 , , , 24 , 2016. . 62 , , 23 , 2016. . 63 , 3 2016. . 64 , 22 2016. . 65 , , , 19 , 2016. .

  • " " 32

    , , . 66 , , . - . 67 , .

    , 25 , 14 , 2016 . . . . .68 . 11 25 . , 2016 , , .69 2016 , 66 , , , 4 , 2016. . 67 , , , 19 , 2016. . 68 () , , 16 , 2017. 69 , ; , ; , ; ; ; 26 , 2016.

  • 33 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , .70 , , , . - " ."71

    , 27 , 2016 , 17 . , . . , 13 .72 . , 300 . 200 , 14 .73 2016 , . , , . .

    70 , 25 , 2016. 71 . - , 27 2016. 72 () , , , 16 , 2017. 73 .

  • " " 34

    . 74 .75 .

    , 2016 . 22 . 22 30 , 2016 . , , , . - 31 , .76 3 , . , .77 , - . 6 .78 10 . 2

    74 , , , 2016. . 75 () , , , 16 , 2017. 76 ( ) , , 17 , 2017. 77 , , , 3 , 2016. . 78 , , , 6 , 2016.

  • 35 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , , , .79 .80 , . , , .

    , 14 , 2015 , 23 . .81 , . . .82 , , . . . .

    79 , , , 2 , 2016. . 80 , , , 8 , 2016. . 81 , , , 14 , 2015. . 82 ( ) , , , 13 , 2017.

  • " " 36

    . , . .83 .84 .85 26 , 2015 .86 . 2015 , .87 , . 2016 , .88

    83 ( ) , , , 13 , 2017. 84 . 85 . 86 ; , ; , ; , ,, 26 , 2015. . 87 , 29 , 2015. . 88 , 28 , 2016. .

  • 37 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , 15 6 , 2016 . , .89 - , . - , 12 . , . 2014 . , , . 24 , . , . :

    , . . , . . ,

    89 ( ) - , , , 19 , 2017.

  • " " 38

    . - . 90

    , , , , , , .91 - () , .92 , , "" .93 , 2011 " " .94

    90 ( ) - , , , 19 , 2017. 91 , . , 2011 (2), 405, , 19 , 2011, https: //indiankanoon.org/doc/1337458/ (23 2017 ). 92 , , " " , , . 93 , ": '' , 18 , 2010, https://www.hrw.org /news/2010/07/18/india-prosecute-rampant-honor-killings 94 , 2011 (2), 405, , 19 , 2011, https: //indiankanoon.org/doc/1337458/ (23 2017 ). .

  • 39 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    :

    " . -- . . - ."95

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    , , , . . , . , .96

    23 , 2015 , , 18 , , .

    95 , 28 , 2017. 96 , , , 5 , 2017.

  • " " 40

    . . , .97 - , , , .98 25 . - .99 . , , .100 , .101 2015 , .102 . , 2011 ,

    97 , , , 25 , 2014. . 98 " : , ," ., 2014, http://www.countercurrents.org/pudr010714.htm (23 , 2017 ). 99 . 100 , , , 25 , 2014. . 101 " , , ," ., 24 , 2014, https://wssnet.org/2014/04/24/wss-condemns-the-sexual-assault-of-four-dalit-girls-from-village-bhagana-district-hisar-haryana (23 , 2017 ) 102 "4 ," , 13 , 2015, http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/4-youths-acquitted-in-gangrape-case-of-dalit-girl-115081300812_1.html (23 , 2017 ).

  • 41 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    ?103 , . :

    - , . , / [ ] . , ."104

    , 30 10 2015 . . .105 28 , .106 , , . , , . 107 , , . .

    103 " ," , 25 , 2015, http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/punjab-and-haryana-high-court-seeks-report-on-dalit-families-of-bhagana-village/ (23 , 2017 ). 104 , 28 , 2017. 105 , , , 10 , 2015. . 106 , , , 28 , 2015. . 107 , , , 7 , 2017.

  • " " 42

    : " , . [ ] . ."108

    , - . , .109 . . - .

    , 15 - . 2016 ,

    108 () , , , 7 , 2017. 109 , - 2014 . 125 11 . . , . " : ," , 2015, http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org /download/1461662128Crime%20Victimisation_ Soft%20File_distribution.pdf (29 , 2017 ).

  • 43 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    - - . . , 9 - , .110 . 14 .111 - . . .112 , , .

    , 2016 , 16 . . , - . , - . .113 ,

    110 ( ) - , , 17 2017. 111 , , , 14 , 2016. . 112 - , , 17 2017. 113 () - , , , 18 , 2017.

  • " " 44

    , .114 - , . , . - .115 . . , . . :

    . . , . .116

    , 14 - 25 . 17 , 2016 , . - . . - . . - .117 114 , , , 24 2016. . 115 - , , , 18 , 2017. 116 . 117 , , , 17 , 2016. .

  • 45 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , , , .118 , 4 , , . .119 :

    . . , .120

    , 30 , 2016 13 . . . - .121 , , . -

    118 . 119 ( ) - , , , 19 , 2017. 120 , , , 19 , 2017. 121 , , , 31 , 2016. .

  • " " 46

    .122 , .

    . , . , " " , . - .123 , " " .124 , . , 2015 , .125 , .126 , 122 () , , , 19 , 2017. 123 , 2003 (9) 329; , 2003 (10) 967; , 2004 (4) 158; , 2004 (6) 15; , 2006 (3) 104. 124 , "198 ," 2006, http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/rep198.pdf (19 , 2017 ). 125 , 2015, http://dslsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Delhi-Witness-

    Protection-Scheme-2015.pdf 126 , ; , ; ; .

  • 47 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    . .

    , 2015 . . - , . :

    [ ] , " ." . [ ] [ ] .127

    , 30 , , - . 12 , 2016 , , , . 127 , , , 5 , 2017.

  • " " 48

    , .128 , , - . , - .129 . 30 2016 . , .

    , .130 , 2016 , .131 , .132 .

    , 2016 15 . . ,

    128 , , , 12 2016. . 129 ( ) , , , 12 , 2017. 130 , , , 16 , 2017. 131 , , , 6 , 2016. 132 , , , 14 , 2016 . , 27 , 2016.

  • 49 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    16 . , .133 :

    [ ] . . , . , . .134

    , 22 2016 . . : " ? , , ? ."135

    , 16 16 , 2016 . . . , , - . 12 , - .136 133 . 134 , , , 19 , 2017. 135 , , 17 , 2017. 136 , , , 12 2016. .

  • " " 50

    2014 .137 . - . , . , " , ." ."138

    , 40 5 , 2015 .139 . 2016 , .140 , , .141 , 2016 .142 .143 -

    137 , 13 , 2016. . 138 () - , , , 19 , 2017. 139 , , , 5 , 2015. . 140 , , , 18, 2016. . 141 , , , , 30 , 2016. . 142 , , 18 2016. . 143 () , , 8 , 2016.

  • 51 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , 2017 , .

    , 20 2013 . . - , . . - . - , : 23 , , , . , - . , - .144 , 29 .145 - . , . . " ."146 31 , 2013

    144 ( ) - , , 8 , 2016. 145 , , , 29 , 2013. . 146 - , , 8 , 2016.

  • " " 52

    - , , . .

    - - .147 . , . 2015 96 . , . , " . -, , ."148

    147 2017 , , 498 . " - ." , 28 , 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-40749636 (22 2017 ). . , " ," , 2 , 2017, http://indi anexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/victim-in-the-dock-law-of-cruelty-against-women-supreme-court-judgment-rajesh-sharma-and-ors-v-state-of-up-and-anr-4777931/ (22 , 2017 .) 148 , , , 6 , 2017.

  • 53 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , . 28 12 , 2014 . -() , , , , .149 14 . 21 14 , - . " '- ' . ."150 " " . , - . , .151 :

    [ ]. . [ ] .152

    149 , , 14 , 2016. 150 ( ) , , , 16 , 2017. 151 "" , 2016 330 . , ; 89 - 3 6 ; 48 , - ; 95 ; 95 . , , , , 16 , 2017. 152 , , , 16 , 2017.

  • " " 54

    , , - , , - . " " , - , - . 2012 , 16 18 - .153 , . , . - , " " .154 . , . , , 17 , 23 - . -

    153 . 154 , ": '' , 18 2010, https://www.hrw.org /news/2010/07/18/india-prosecute-rampant-honor-killings.

  • 55 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    15 . , . . - , :

    , " , ." () - . . . . . , .155

    2017 , 2013 , , , . . (-) , .156 , , : " . . ,

    155 ( ) , , 17 , 2017. 156 , . . () . 2487/2017, http://www.livelaw.in/delhi-hc-seeks-centres-response-pil-2013-amendment-rape-law-read-petition/ (22 , 2017 ).

  • " " 56

    ."157 17 - () .158 , , :

    , . . . - , , .159

    157 " : ," , 5 , 2017, http://indianexpress.com/article/india/delhi-high-court-cant-deny-rape-victims-justice-for-lack-of-medical-proof-4737494/ (25 , 2017 ). 158 - , file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/ARC-Impleadment-MadhuKishwarv.UoI-1.7.2017.pdf (31 2017 ). 159 : ": , ," ., 13 , 2016, https://scroll.in/article/823982/interview-though-indias-rape-law-has-been-overhauled-it-still-lacks-a-sentencing-policy (22 2017 ).

  • 57 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    III. , . , . , , " " .160 . , , - . .

    , , . 166 .161 , , .162

    160 , , 1996 1728 , 1990 889. 161 . B166 . 162 , 357 . , .

  • " " 58

    2014 , .163 2014 , , . .164 2014 , , ( , ) . - . , " " " " " " .165 , - , (-) , - . . " " , .166

    163 , / - , , , 19 , 2014, http://mohfw.nic.in/sites/default/files/953522324.pdf (15 , 2017 ). 164 . 165 . 166 .

  • 59 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , ( , , , ) . .167 2014 , "" .168 , 2014 - .169 , , .170

    2014 , , . . , , . , 9 , , 171 . , 2014 , 167 . 168 . 169 , 22. 170 . 171 , 6 , 2015; , , 2 9 , 2014, http://www.health.mp.gov.in/guideline/sexual-violation-1109-19-6-14.pdf (1 , 2017 ).

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    , . , () " " . , " ".172 , 2012 - 173 , 2014 , . , 17 . , " . , - , ."174 , , , - . , " , . ." , .175 , 2013 2014 2013 . , 2014 . 32 .

    172 , , , 15 , 2017. 173 - 2012, http://haryanahealth.nic.in/userfiles/file/pdf/PM%20Branch/Medico%20Legal%20Manual/2.%20Haryana%20Medicolegal%20Manual%202012%2031.1.2012.pdf ( 15 , 2017 ). 174 , , , 6 , 2017. 175 , , 10 , 2017.

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    , - . 24 . , " 3 , ."176 " , ." , :

    [ ]. . . . , " , ." , .177

    , , . , . , . , .178 , 2014 ,

    176 , 13 , 2013. . 177 , , 8 , 2016. 178 , 18 , 2015, .

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    . , 40 , 2015 , . .179 , " ."180 , . :

    . .181

    , , , . , - . . , 2014 . , 2014 , . , 179 - , 5 , 2015, , . . 180 - , 5 , 2015, , . . 181 , , 8 , 2016.

  • 63 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , "" , . :

    [] , . . , [] . : ( ), (), . , - [] [] .182

    2014 . ( ) , .183 , - 25 .184 " " . , " " . , , , 2014 : 182 , , , 10 , 2017. 183 , (1994) 5 728, 4 (iv). , , (2004) 1 421, 5. 144 184 , " : ," , 1 , 2015, http://clpr.org.in/sexual-offences-court-on-trial-neither-fast-nor-just-2/ (1 , 2017 ).

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    - , - .185

    , . , " , ."186

    . , - , . 2014 , ( ) .187 . ( ) .188 ,

    185 , , , 10 , 2017. 186 , , , , , 9 , 2017. 187 2014 , 33. 188 2014 , 33-40. , , . - , .

  • 65 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    , . , - . . , 18 .189 , , :

    , " - ? , , . ." , . . .190

    23 , 2015 . , -

    189 , " " () . [ ] "- , , , 30 , 2013. . 190 - , , 8 , 2016.

  • " " 66

    . - . . :

    . . - . - , . .191

    . , 1971 20 " ."192 , " , ."193 18 . 16 , 28 .194 - , , . . - . , ", .

    191 , , , 13 , 2017. 192 , 1971, 3 , 20 , " ." 5 (1). 193 ., 3, . 194 - , 13 , 2016. .

  • 67 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | 2017

    ."195 2016 , 2017 , . 2016 , 17 . .196 , . . 18 , , .197 . , 2016 . , . , , .198 . 2017 , .199 , .200 , 10 - .

    195 - , , , 19 , 2017. 196 , , , 17 , 2016. . 197 , , 18 , 2016. 4 () 18 . 198 . 199 , , 14 , 2017. . 200 " , 13, ," , 28 , 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-40996629 (28 2017 ).

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