Hosta Species Update●The Hosta Library●ORG20060823●©W. George Schmid 2010 Revised Edition 2009.01.04 R1 Revised Edition 20110115 R2

H. venusta (Baker) T. Nakai 1911 J. Japanese Botany, Tokyo, 11:245, ic. 2–3 1935.

한라비비추 = Halla-bibichu = Halla-san or Hanna-san (한나산) Hosta (Korean) オトメギボウシ = 乙女擬宝珠 = Otome Gibōshi (Japanese) = Young Maiden Hosta

History and Nomenclature: H. venusta evolved in Korea on Jeju Island (= also Cheju-do; 제주도 [Kor.]; Saishū-tō; 済州島 [Jap.]). It was first recognized taxonomically in Japan but is not a Japanese endemic. It is native to Korea in Jeju (or Cheju-do = 제주도; Mt. Halla = 한라) as confirmed by M. G. Chung (1990) based on macro-morpho-logy and distribution patterns, H. venusta is a relatively recent derivative of H. minor that is endemic in southern and south-eastern peninsular Korea). Chung (1990; fide C. Kim pers. comm.), indicates the propa-gules were remnants of H. minor, which had moved from southeastern Korea to Jeju-do. Thick ice covered this island during the last glacial period (about 15,000 years ago). After the last ice age, the volcanic is-land became habitable again. During the process of adapting to the rocky, hostile, mountain top habitat H. minor under-went genotypical changes. This resulted in a new, but obviously related species H. venusta. Due to the remoteness of its habitat, it is rather surprising that this taxon was first seen in Europe as early as 1908. A 1910 speci-men specimen brought back by the collector E.J. Taquet from Jejudo (he called Quelpaert

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↑ Jeju Island (제주도 ▪ 済州島)Habitat Map of Korea (del. W.G. Schmid 1991).

This Map Showing approximate locations of H. venusta on the Korean peninsula and adjoining

Chinese land areas north. Locations as confirmed by M.G. Chung (1990)

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Island = 제주도) was filed by by A.A.H. Léveillé in E (ex Herbarium M. Lévillé); holotypus Funkia subcordata var. taquetii. In 1985, it was identified (in a determinavit) as H. venusta Maek. by D.R. McKean. There are a number of other European specimens of this species under different synonyms. Japanese gardeners have a great fondness for miniatures and this tiny species attracted plant collectors early on. Some specimens imported from Korea were cultivated in Japanese gardens, including in Nikkō National Park (日光国立公園), bordering Gunma and Fukushima Prefectures. In Japan, this taxon was first described from examples cultivated in Nikko, by T. Teresaki, July 1934. In 1935, Maekawa recognized and

established this taxon as a new species for the first time. He assigned the name H. venusta with the epithet derived from the Latin venustus = beautiful, graceful). He also coined a Japanese name, i.e. 乙女 meaning “maiden” or “little girl” and in Katakana this species is written オトメギボウシ. Maekawa (1937, 1940) and Fujita (1976) confirmed H. venusta as an indigenous Korean species. M.G. Chung (1990) published a detailed analysis of this taxon. He per-formed multivariate morphometric analysis that determined a close relationship between H. venusta and H. minor. Chung was able to show that 49 enzyme bands of H. venusta are a subset of 72 bands found in H. minor so establishing the evolu-tionary derivation of H. venusta and H. minor (also see page 7 PCO analysis. 1988 accessions by M.G. Chung located sympatric populations on Mt. Halla, Jejudo, Jeju City (Jeju-si; 제주시), near C’hon- wangsa, at altitude 600 m (1970 ft) AMSL.

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H. venusta (한라비비추 = Mount Halla Hosta) in situ UGA Voucher 1264 on rock sub-base competing with native grasses;

loc. cit. by M.G. Chung: Mt. Halla, Ch'onwangsa, 600 m (1970 ft) AMSL.

◄ H. venusta

Cultivated specimen (not a voucher)

As shown at The San

Francisco Flower Show compare leaf size to U.S.

quarter coin

His Gibexa

20

H. venusta (Cultivated specimen not a voucher; original Craig No. 86 import)Toni Wright Garden • © W.G. Schmid 2008.07.22

abitat and Biology: As pointed out earlier, H. venusta found only on Jejudo a survivor, speciating there after the last ice age. In my book The genus Hosta -ōshi Zoku (ギボウシ属 ) (W.G. Schmid 1991), I mentioned that cultivated mples of this miniature hosta have existed in Japan for a long time. It is possible

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that specimens escaped from cultivation may have established in Japan. All major authors (Maekawa 1940, Fujita 1976, Chung 1990, Schmid 1991) treat H. venusta as a Korean endemic. Until about 1988, H. venusta, was represented by only a single clone in North American living collections. This clone does not exhibit the full range of phenotypical variability (see more about this under H. venusta in Cultivation). Recent collections by M.G. Chung (1990) and D.R. Probst, T. Avent (1997), and W.G. Schmid (1988) have given a glimpse of the high variability of H. venusta in wild populations and I reported on these collections (W.G. Schmid; 1991; 1997; 1999). My report included mounted leaf specimens of the Probst/Avent collections to allow comparison of the various leaf shapes and sizes encountered. The numbers used for identification in the photograph on this page (below) are cited as previously assigned by Probst, except for 10-1-7a assigned by me to Avent's plant for comparison. Note that 10-7-1a and Probst have very wavy, even “piecrust” margins not seen in the plants of horticultural origin shown to the right of 10-1-7a [Note graphic scale indicated by 2.5 cm/1 inch bar]. Graphic Scale: ▬▬ = 2.5 cm = 1 inch

Plant Morphology: It should be pointed out that this species in situ has considerable differentiation of leaf sizes. A look at the in situ collections on page 4 shows this. For this reason, the following leaf morphology mirrors that found in the habitat. Most of the plants found in cultivation have their origin with a few clones that represent only one very small imported clone. (See W.G.Schmid: 1991, 1997, 1999).

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H. venusta Probst and Avent collection, Jejudo, Korea From morphological study by W.G. Schmid (1999; 2000)

Plant size 10 cm dia. by 8 cm high (4 by 3 in.). Petiole 3.5–6 cm by 0.3 cm wide (1.5–2.25 by 0.125 in. wide), forming a dome-shaped plant, slender, narrowly open. Leaf 3–10 cm by 2.5–6 cm wide (1.25–4.0 by 1-2.5 in.), considerably larger in some in situ clones, ovate-cordate, transition usually tight and suddenly contracted, decurrent, tip acuminate, interior leaf flattish, margin undulate or not, wavy, not pruinose, surface with metallic sheen, shiny below, dark green, opaque. Venation 3–5±, very thin, not much sunken above. Scape 18–24 cm long (7–10 in.), distinct lamellar ridges parallel or slight-ly spiral to scape axis, straight, erect, mostly perpendicular to the ground, sometimes bending. Fer-tile bracts navicular, grooved, thick, green or light green, as-cending, imbricated during flow-ering and nearly equal in size, developed un-opened flower head globular with spicate top. Raceme 8 cm (3.2 in.) 4–8 flowers. Flowers 2.5–3.5 cm long and 2 cm broad (1–1.50 by 1), held erect in ±horizontal position on strong pedicels, dark veins on a lighter colored background, perianth pale purple-violet, expanding, funnel-shaped, in the central part dilated, Type B (▲see Illustration) tepal coloration; bell-shaped, lobes ±angled to the axis, stamens exserted. July. Anthers purple. Fertile.

Genome Size: DNA content (2C) in pg (one (10-12) gram) H. venusta and H. minor = 17.2; also confirming very close relationship (Zonneveld and Van Iren (2001).

DNA Banding: RAPD analysis has shown that these 4 Hosta species can be differentiated with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, using a single Primer C = OPB-04 (5’-GGACTGGAGT-3’) in Sauve, R.J., S.Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid (2005). Banding patterns compare 4 species from Korea: ◄◄◄

3- H. venusta 4- H. minor 5- H. capitata 6- H. nakaiana.

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Karyotype-Chromosomes: Sporophytic Count = 60; 12 large, 48 small; (2n).

Pollen: (Pollen shape after Erdtman, 1966) not included in Chung and Jones (1989), but M.G. Chung (1990) found H. minor and H. venusta to be related (also confirmed by genome size) so the pollen type for the latter is implied as Subtype RG(I) (rugulate granulate) and similar to H. minor: Taxonomic Type and Synonymy: H. venusta Maekawa (type). J. Japanese Botany, Tokyo, 11(4):245, ic. 2–3 1935. Acta Phytotaxonomica et

Geobotanica, Vol. 27, 3/4:91, ic. 9 (1976). Maekawa in J. of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University Tokyo, Sect. 3; 5(4): 417, photo 100-101 (1940), Maekawa in Giboshi in Ishii, Engei-daijiten (Big Dictionary of Garden Craft), Tokyo, 2: 640 (1950); Ohwi, Flora of Japan: 292 (1953), ed. Jap., ed. Engl.: 288 (1965); W.G. Schmid, The genus Hosta: Gibōshi Zoku (ギボウシ属): 118-119, 315, f. 3-78, t. 83 (1991). W.T.Lee, Lineam. Flora Kor. 1: 1259 (1996).

Type: In E (ex Plantae Coreaneae): Taquet No. 4067, 4 August 1910, Mount Halla (한나산), 1700 m AMSL; T. Terasaki, Jul. 1934 Tokyo cult. (in montibus Nikkoensibus spontanea et exquibus allata). Original description based on cultivated material (by T. Terasaki, July 1934) and collections at Nikko (日光), from displaced, cultivated voucher material. Recent accession by M. G. Chung, Jejudo, Jeju City, near Ch'onwangsa, 600 m AMSL, 6 August 1988. In K (ex Plantae Coreaneae): Faurie No. 2076, July 1907; Taquet No. 380, September 1907 (topotypes to indicate earlier accessions).

Hab.: In mountainous forests, in shade, on Jeju Island (Jejudo; 제주도; [Kor.]; Saishū-tō 済州島 [Jap.]), Korea (also called Quelpaert Island in scheda).

Botanical Synonyms: Funkia subcordata var. taquetii A.A.H. Léveillé: in Fedde, Repertorium aovarum

speciorum regni vegetabilis, 9:322 1911. Hosta venusta var. decurrens F. Maekawa: In divisiones et plantae novae generis

Hostae. J. Japanese Botany, 13, No. 12:897 1937; F. Maekawa: J. of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University Tokyo, Section 3 Botany, Vol. 5:417 ic. 100, 101 1940; Chung, M.G. and J.W. Kim. The genus Hosta Tratt. (Liliaceae) in Korea. Sida 14:415; 1991.

Japanese Language Synonyms: オトメギボウシ = 乙女擬宝珠 = Otome Gibōshi Korean Language Synonyms: 한라비비추 = Halla-bibichu = Halla-san (한라) or Hanna-san (한나산) Hosta.

Horticultural and Incorrect Names: H. ‘Akarana’ (in part) H. ‘Suzuki Thumbnail’

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H. ‘Carder Venusta’ incorrect. H. ‘Thumbnail’

H. ‘Craig No. C-7’ incorrect H. ‘Tiny Tears’ H. ‘Davidson No. 86’ H. venusta ‘Shikoku’ (in part) H. ‘Minuta’ hort. Yakushima Mizu Gibōshi hort. incorrect.

Note: H. venusta “Anderson Form”, “Benedict Strain” and “Olive Bailey Langdon” are invalid per the ICNCP. H. venusta ‘Odona’, ‘Red Tubes’ and ‘Wavy Edge’ are none other than the species, selected for certain phenotypical features found in wild populations.

Common English and Foreign Names: Mount Halla Hosta Anmutige Funkie (German). Zwergfunkie (German).

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Projection of 47 OTUs of 7 Korean Hosta species on axes I, II, and III PCO analysis (by M.G. Chung (1990) establishes

the close relationship between H. venusta and H. minor.

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Funkia subcordata varN. 4027 in E (1910) ex Herb. Léveillé

Det. 1985 D.R. Mc

. taquetii A.A.H. Léveillé ; loc. cit. Quelpaert Island = 제주도.Kean = H. venusta

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H. venusta in Cultivation: Until 1990, H. venusta was represented in western horticulture by a single clone removed from Mt. Sensyogahara in July 1934 by T. Teresaki and planted in Tokyo, as referenced by Maekawa (1940). H. venusta first

description by Maekawa (1935) was based on this specimen. Maekawa was not able to visit Korea after the onset of WW II, so did not see the native populations on Jejudo nor did he collect the species. His description is based on cultivated vouchers from previous collections in Tokyo. These cultivated specimens have characters nearly identical to those shown in the plant originating with Craig in 1964. Davidson (1990) confirms he received this clone from Craig under the name H. ‘Suzuki Thumbnail’ in 1969 and he assigned No. 86. Craig had ac-quired it earlier from Suzuki's nur-sery under the name H. ‘Thumbnail’ when he visited Honshu in the late 1960s. He subsequently sent it to Davidson and others, as well as to Beth Chatto and Kew Gardens in England. As stated, the clone con-forms very closely to Maekawa's Latin description of the leaf (32-40 mm longo, 17-22 mm lata [= 1.25-1.6 in. long, 0.7-0.9 in. wide]). It is in fact the same clone that gardeners in the West have been growing for many years. The plants coming from Craig were multiplied by division (of the rhizome) and by meristem tissue culture. Every plant resulting from such propagation is the same as the original plant, i.e., it is a clone of the mother plant. Un-fortunately, when this process is em-ployed for species, a single clone then is set aside to represent the huge diversity of natural populations in gardens, which is obviously impossible. H. venusta is one of the smallest spe-cies extant and has been widely used in hybridizing. This taxon comes to a high proportion true from seed, when

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H. ‘Minima’ H. venusta Seedling (Selfed?) © W.G. Schmid 1989.06.23

H. ‘Thumbnail’ Photo © W. Putz

carefully selfed and the resulting seedlings are none other than forms of the species. Nevertheless, they have been given cultivar names, which are listed in this update as cultivar-synonyms. One popular form of this species is H. ‘Minuta’, another H. ‘Minima’, each name invalid per the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). Eventually, many cultivar names (like H. ‘Rock Princess’ H. ‘Thumbnail’, H. ‘Suzuki Thumbnail’, H. ‘Tiny Tears’, H. ‘Akarana’) were, right or wrong, assigned to the very same clone, its selfed progeny, or alike plants. As adult plants, these named cultivars can scarcely be differentiated from the original Davidson No. 86 clone of H. venusta The species is important to the creation of many named and unnamed small-sized cultivars. It is a very fertile pod parent ♀ and has pro-duced huge numbers of alike seedling progeny. A number of named Japanese sports

indicate it has proclivity to sport to variegated forms.

◄◄◄ H. venusta

“Benedict Strain” © K. Butner

(Not a Voucher)

(Note: The term “strain” may not be used in cultivar

names per ICNCP Article 19.20 and this name is

invalid)

H. venusta ►►► “Rock Princess” Note: The cultivar name “Rock Princess” has been used a priori in connection with H. gracillima = Hime Iwa = ヒメ = 姫 (= princess) and イワ = 岩 (= rock)

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and is here incorrectly applied to H. venusta so its use is incorrect)

▲ H. venusta ‘Otome-no-mai’ ▲ オトメギボウシ‘乙女の舞’ 2004 Hamanako Flower Show

Court.: 浜名湖花博

▲ H. venusta (cult. voucher) H. venusta (cult. orig. import)▲UGA Voucher 1300, M.G. Chung Received as Davidson No. 86Samgumbu-ri, Bukjeju-gun (북제주군 = © W.G. Schmid North Jeju Province) at Hosta Hill 1987.07.19(© W.G. Schmid at Hosta Hill 1993.05.03)

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H. venusta (cult. vouchers) The Probst Collection 1997 Probst Vouchers (10-1-4 to 10-1-7 in the landscape at Hosta Hill R.G.

Coll. loc. cit.: Jejudo, Korea 1997; © W.G. Schmid 1998.07.17 Blooming in the background is H. kikutii f. leuconota W.G. Schmid 1991

▲ H. venusta “Anderson Form” H. venusta (cult. voucher)▲ The term “form” may not be used in Probst Vouchers 10-1-5; 10-1-7 a cultivar name (= invalid name) Coll. loc. cit.: Jejudo (제주도), Korea© W.G. Schmid 1989.06.04 © W.G. Schmid 1998.05.21

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◄◄◄ H. venusta

Typical perianth Botanischer Garten

Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany

Photo ©A. Höggemeier

Horticultural Progeny: H. venusta as imported in the 1960s and is used extensively in gardens, rock gardens, and for garden railroads. It is extensively used in hybridizing. It has been cultivated in Japan for many years and its sports are sought after. Sports come streaked (Nishiki = 錦), variegated, spotted or speckled (斑), margined (Fukurin = 覆輪 : like H. venusta ‘Kinbotan’, or variegated in center (Nakafu 中斑:like H. ‘Kinakafu Otome’, the yellow-centered H. venusta). In 1960, F. Maekawa created a

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▲ H. venusta (yellow-margined) H. venusta (yellow-centered)▲ H. ‘Kinbotan’ H. ‘Kinakafu Otome’ = オトメギボウシ‘金牡丹’ = オトメギボウシ‘金中斑’ © T. Nakayama/HL © H. Philips

hybrid by the following cross: ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. capitata named this hybrid 天沼

擬宝珠 = あまぬま ギボウシ = Amanuma Gibōshi, named for the Tokyo neighborhood in which Maekawa’s garden was located. Amanuma (天沼) is part of Suginami City (in Japan called Suginami-ku; 杉並区), one of the western wards of the Greater Tokyo Metropolitan Area.

201

H. ‘Amanuma’ F. Maekawa (color variations and general habit) 天沼 ギボウシ (= Amanuma Gibōshi); ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. capitata Left: © G. Tobey H/L Right: © W.G. Schmid; Hosta Hill 1988.05.23

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Collection of Korean Hostas at Hosta Hill © W.G. Schmid 1988.08.01

Note that only direct species progenyvolved in a sport (H. venusta is part of thinclude the cultivar name. The following co ♀ = the species as a pod parent dire ♂ = the species as a pollen parent di All other cultivars in which H. venu List 1: Cultivars with H. venusta ♀ aH. ‘Alpine Dream’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. H. ‘Amanuma’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. capiH. ‘Brooklynn's Baby Doll’ = ♀ H. venustaH. ‘Concordia Petite’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ HH. ‘Elsley Runner’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. H. ‘Emerson's Small One’ = ♀ H. venusta ×H. ‘Gemstone’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. 'DorH. ‘Gosan Gold Midget’ = ♀ H. venusta ×

1989 H. ‘Green Fingers’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. H. ‘Lakeside Neat Petite’ = ♀ H. venusta ×H. ‘Little Fellow’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. veH. ‘Masquerade’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. si H. ‘Michael's Legacy’ = ♀ H. venusta ×

1999 H. ‘Queue’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. 'Teaspo

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H. ‘Amanuma’ Maekawa (left: expand天沼 ギボウシ (= Amanuma Gibō

© W.G. Schmid;

ing raceme with flower; right bud initial)shi); ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. capitata Hosta Hill 1988

is shown. If a H. venusta hybrid is in-e sport in the F2 and beyond), List 3 will de abbreviations are used:

ctly = List 1 rectly = List 2 sta is involved = List 3

s a pod parent: venusta seedling by R. Savory 1982 tata (F. Maekawa 1960) NR (See Page 15) × ♂ H. clausa by S. DaPra 2007

. ‘Golden Tiara’ by U. Syre-Herz 1996 unknown by K. Walek 2009 ♂ H. unknown by K. Walek 2009 set Blue' by T. Avent 2005 ♂ H. ‘Golden Prayers’ by W. G. Schmid

unknown by C. Owens 2002 ♂ H. ‘Blue Cadet’ by M. Chastain 1991 nusta by C. Owens 1990

eboldii sport by D. Grenfell 2009 ♂ H. ‘Craig's Temptation’ by S. Zolock

on' by F. Nyikos 2005

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H. ‘Shark’s Tooth’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. 'Teaspoon' by F. Nyikos 2005 H. ‘Shining Tot’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. ‘Rock Master’ by P. Aden 1982 H. ‘Suzuki Thumbnail’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. (selfed?) by K. Suzuki & P. Ruh 1987 H. ‘Thumb Nail’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. (selfed?) by P. Aden 1982 H. ‘Tiny Tears’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. (selfed?) by R. Savory 1977 H. ‘Venucosa’ = ♀ H. venusta × ♂ H. ventricosa by A. Summers & AHS 1986 List 2: Cultivars with H. venusta ♂ as a pollen parent: H. 'Appetizer' = ♀ (H 'Swoosh' × H. longissima) × H. 'Bright Lights') × ♂ H.

venusta by T. Avent 2007 H. ‘Brutus’ = ♀ H.’Sea Drift’ × ♂ H. venusta by D. & M. Beilstein 2007 H. ‘Cody’ = ♀ H. ‘Shining Tot’ × ♂ H. venusta by R. Solberg 1996 H. ‘Emoticon’ = ♀ H. ‘Gold Regal’ × ♂ H. venusta by B. Kuk 2005 H. ‘Evening Gown’ = ♀ H. montana ‘Chirifu'‘ × ♂ H. venusta by G. Johnson 2004 H. ‘Flatliner’ = ♀ H. ‘ 94-201’ × ♂ H. venusta by D. & M. Beilstein 2007 H. ‘Golden Gem’ = ♀ unknown’ × ♂ H. venusta by P. & J. Ruh 2005 H. ‘Green Quarters’ = ♀ H. ‘Beatrice’ × ♂ H. venusta by R. Kuenster 2008 H. ‘Hush Puppie’ = ♀ (H. ‘Beatrice’ × open-pollinated seedling) × open-pollinated

seedling) × ♂ H. venusta by T. Avent 2005 H. ‘Leather Sheen’ = ♀ H. ‘Sum and Substance’ × ♂ H. venusta by M. Zilis & D.

Lohman 1988 H. ‘Little Fellow’ = ♀ H. ‘venusta × ♂ H. venusta by C. Owens 1990 H. ‘Little Razor’ = ♀ H. ‘Sum and Substance’ × ♂ H. venusta by M. Zilis & D.

Lohman 1988 H. ‘Lorna’ = ♀ H. ‘nakaiana × ♂ H. venusta by R. H. Benedict 1983 H. ‘Pipin the Short’ = ♀ H. ‘Captain Atom’ × ♂ H. venusta by A. Malloy 2003 H. ‘Rock Island Line’ = ♀ H. ‘Flamboyant’ × ♂ H. venusta by A. Malloy 2001 H. ‘Surprised By Joy’ = ♀ H. ‘Flamboyant’ × ♂ H. venusta by A. Malloy 1998 H. ‘Tot Tot’ = ♀ H. ‘Blue Cadet’× ♂ H. venusta by P. Aden 1978 List 3: Other cultivars with H. venusta involved: H. ‘Ballerina’ by R. Savory 1982 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid H. ‘Blue Eyes’ by R. Herman 1996 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid H. ‘Gold Drop’ by K. Anderson 1977 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid H. ‘Herbie’ by H. & D. Benedict 1995 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid H. ‘Honey Moon’ by K. Anderson 1982 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid H. ‘Ichi-ban’ by M. Zilis 2003 = Sport of the hybrid ('Swoosh' × H. venusta) × H.

venusta H. ‘Little White Lines’ by M. Zilis 1988 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid H. ‘Misty Morning’ by Kuk's Forest Nursery 1986 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid H. ‘Number One’ by R. Lighty 1987 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid H. ‘Pinwheel’ by R. Savory 1983 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid H. ‘Rock Master’ by P. Aden 1982 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid H. ‘Striker’ by R. Lydell 2000 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid

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H. ‘Yellow Jacket’ by P. Ruh 1998 = Sport of: H. venusta Hybrid

◄ H. venusta ‘Nikkō’ オトメギボウシ ‘日光’

2004 Hamanako Flower Show Court.: © 浜名湖花博

References: Chung, M.G. and Jones, S.B. 1989. Pollen morphology of Hosta Tratt. (Funkiaceae)

and related genera. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 116, 1:31–44. Chung, M.G. 1990. A Biosystematic Study on the genus Hosta (Liliaceae/Funkiaceae)

in Korea and Tsushima Island of Japan. U, of Georgia, Athens; including: Morphometric and isoenzyme analysis of the genus Hosta Tratt. (with S.B. Jones and JL. Hamrick) and Isoenzyme variation within and among populations of Hosta in Korea.

Chung, M.G., J.L. Hamrick, S.B. Jones, Jr., G.S. Derda. 1991. Isozyme Variation Within and Among Populations of Hosta (Liliaceae) in Korea. Systematic Botany, Vol. 16, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1991), pp. 667-684

Chung, M.G. 1996. Spatial genetic structure among Korean populations of Hosta minor and H. capitata. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 37: 25-30.

Erdtman, G. 1966. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosp. Hafner: N. Y. Fujita, N. 1976. The genus Hosta (Liliaceae) in Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et

Geobotanica, Vol. 27, (3–4) pp. 66–96 International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants = ICNCP, by the

Horticultural Taxonomy Group, ISHS Commission for Nomenclature and Registration. 2004 & 2009 edition.

Kaneko, K. 1966. (H. chibai n. nudum): Botanical Magazine, Tokyo, 79:133 1966; and J. Japanese Botany, Vol. 43, 7:10 1968.

Kaneko, K. 1968. Hosta chibai with F. Maekawa. J. Japanese Botany, Vol. 43, 7:202. Maekawa, F. 1937. Divisiones et plantae novae generis Hostae (1). J. Japanese Botany,

13, No. 12:893–905.

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Maekawa, F. 1940. The genus Hosta. J. of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University Tokyo, Section 3 Botany, Vol. 5:317–425.

Maekawa, F. 1963. (n. nudum, with Japanese diagnosis): In Ishii, Engei-daijiten (Big Dictionary of Garden Craft), Tokyo, 2:633–638; and Okuyama (n. nudum): Col. Ill. Wild Plant. Japan. 7:118, tab. 587, 4 1963.

Maekawa, F. 1980. (ex Toyama, n. nudum): H. tibai Flora Nagasaki, p. 5 1940 and in a revised edition of Flora Nagasaki, pp. 46 and 264 1980.

Maekawa, F., 1984. Two New Species of Hosta from Japan. J. Japanese Botany, 59, 5:154–157.

Maekawa, F. and K. Kaneko. 1966. Evolution of Karyotype in Hosta. J. Japanese Botany, 43, 5:132–140.

Miquel, F.A.W., 1867. Prolusio Florae Iaponicae, 5. Annales Musei Botanici Lugdano-Batavi, p. 152.

Sauve, R.J., S. Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid. 2005. Random amplified poly-morphic DNA (RAPD) analysis in the genus Hosta. HortScience 40(4).

Schmid, W.G. 1988. Hosta taxonomy: a revised overview. Bull. Brit. Hosta Hemerocallis Soc. 1988 (2): 25-36.

Schmid, W.G. 1991. The genus Hosta: Giboshi Zoku (ギボウシ属). London and Portland: Timber Press.

Schmid, W.G. 2004. Hosta species and DNA fingerprinting. Bull. Brit. Hosta Hemerocallis Soc. 2004: 50, 59-66.

Schmid, W.G. 2005. Species and such: Hosta DNA fingerprinting. The Hosta Journal, Vol. 36 2005 (3): 69-74.

Summers, A.J., 1972. Numbered Acquisition List, Hortus Summers, A. J. 1964 through 1972 (Unpublished; contributed to this author by A. J. Summers).

Yu, Y. 2002. Classification of hosta species and cultivars based on RAPD analysis. TSU Graduate School (with W.G. Schmid); published in summary in Sauve, R.J., S. Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid. 2005 (which see).

Zilis, M.R. 2009. The Hostapedia. Rochelle: Q & Z Nursery, Inc. Zilis, M.R. 2000. The Hosta Handbook. Rochelle: Q & Z Nursery, Inc. Zonneveld, B.J.M. and F.Van Iren. 2001. Genome size and pollen viability as a

taxonomic criteria: Application to the genus Hosta. Plant Biology, 3, pp. 176-185. G. Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart

© W.George Schmid 2010: The text and illustrations are copy-righted and are available for personal reference only. Other contributors retain their copyright of featured photographs as noted in captions. The content may not be published in printed form without the author’s written permission.

Web quote reference:

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W. George Schmid: HostaLibrary.org/species/