24

Poh-imkvXw

""shdp-samcp Im´p-]q-®sb I≠-t∏mƒ t_°vsNbvXXv F¥n-\mWv?'' ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® ]X-hm¿Ø I≠t∏mƒ Hcp Ip´n ]Xn-I-cn-®-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv.

Ahn -Nm -cn -X -ambn D≠m-Ip∂ kw` -h -߃s°Xnsc \nßfpw s]s´∂p ]Xn-I-cn-°mdnt√? AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ kµ¿ -߃ ]´nI-s∏-SpØq.

$ bmZr-—n-I-ambn Xobn¬ Nhn- p-tºmƒ Imevs]s´∂p ]n≥h-en-°p-∂p.

$

Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ am‰-߃°-\p-k-cn®v t_m[-]q¿hw \S-°p∂ ]Xn-I-c-W-ßsf°pdn®p\n߃ ]Tn®p Ign™p. F∂m¬ ]Xn-I-c-W-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv Ft∏mgpw t_m[-]q¿h-am-bn-cn°Wsa-∂n√t√m. NphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂ imkvX-te-J\w hni-I-e\w sNbvXvCØ-c-Øn-ep≈ BI-kvanI ]Xn-I-c-W-߃D≠m-Ip∂-Xn-\n-Sbv°p ico-c-Øn¬ \S-°p∂]h¿Ø-\-߃ Ia-ambn ]´n-I-s∏-SpØq. ]´nI-s∏-Sp -Ønb hnh-c -߃ ^vtfmNm¿´m°nkb≥kv Ub-dn-bn¬ NnXo-I-cn-°q.

dn^vfIvkp-Iƒ F¥v? Fßs\?D±o-]\-߃°-\p-k-cn®v BI-kvan-Ihpw Ass\-—n-Ihpambn D≠m-Ip∂ imco-cnI ]Xn-I-cWß-fmWv dn vfIvkv ]h¿Ø-\-߃ (reflex actions). dn vfIvkv ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Xe-t®m-dnse t_m[-X-e-߃ Adn-™p-sIm-≠√ kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ dn^vfIvkv ]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf√mw At_m[]h¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv. tIµ-\m-Uo-h-y-h-ÿ-bpsS LS-I-ß-fmb Xe-t®m-dn¬ \n∂pwkpjpav-\-bn¬ \n∂pw dn vfIvkv ]h¿Ø-\-߃ D≠m-Im-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ kpjpav\-bn¬ \n∂mWv

h≥ Zpc¥w Hgn-hmbn.....Pqembv 15. slb¿]n≥ hf-hp-Ifpw IpØn-d-°hpw sIm≠vA]-I-S-߃°v ÿncw thZn-bm-Ip∂ \oen-a-e-tdmUvho≠pw hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ CSw t\Sn. \ndsb bmX-°m-cpambnae Cdßn h∂ _kn\p ap∂n-te°v Hcp Im´p]q® NmSn-b-XmWv ]iv\-am-b-Xv. Ahn-Nm-cn-X-ambn ]q®sb ap∂n¬I≠-t∏mƒ ssUh¿ kU≥ t_°v sNbvXp. \nb-¥Wwhn´ _kv sIm°-bn-te°v adn-s™-¶nepw a¨Xn- -bn¬CSn®p \n∂-XpsIm≠v h≥ Zpc¥w Hgn-hm-bn.....

NnXw 2.1 kpjpav\

sk≥S¬ I\m¬ssh‰v am‰¿tUm¿k¬ dq v

sh≥S¬ dq vtKam-‰¿

25

Poh-imkvXw

Xe-t®m-dn¬ \n∂pw cq]-s∏-Sp∂ dn^vf-Ivkp-Isf skdn-_¬ dn^vfIvkv F∂p-]-d-bp-∂p. IÆp-Nn-Ω¬ Hcp skdn-_¬ dn^vfIvkv BWv.

\nc-¥-c-amb ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw A\p-`-h-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw dn^vfIvkpIƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.ssUh¿ kU≥t_°v sNøp-∂Xpw cpNn-tb-dnb Blm-c-]-Zm¿YsØ∏‰n Hm¿°p-tºmƒ Dan-\o-cns‚ D¬]m-Z\w IqSp-∂Xpw CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. CØcw ]Xn-I-c-W-߃°v I≠o-j≥Uv dn^vf-Ivkp-Iƒ (conditioned reflexes) F∂v ]d-bp-∂p.

CØcw ]h¿Ø-\-߃ A[n-Ihpw D≠mIp-∂-Xv. Xe-t®mdv Xe-tbm-Sn-\m¬ kwc-£n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse kpjpav\bv°p \s -√ns‚ kwc-£-W-I-hNw D≠v. Xe-t®m-dn-s\-t∏mse kpjp-av\°pw sa\n-RvP-kv sIm≠p≈ Bh-cWw D≠v. sa\n-RvP-kv ]mfn-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw sk≥S¬I\m-enepw skdn-t_mkvss]\¬ Zhw \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. BI-kvan-I-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-cp-tºmƒ kpjpav\bn¬ h®pXs∂ ]Xn-I-c-W߃°p≈ \n¿tZ-i-߃ \¬Is∏Sp-∂p.AXn\ptij-am-bn-cn°pw Bth-K-߃ Xe-t®m-dn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. XpS¿∂v t_m[-]q¿hamb]XnIcW-߃ D≠m-Ip∂p-. dn vfIvkv ]h¿Ø-\-Ønse Bth-K-ß-fpsS ]mX-bmWv dn vfIvkvB¿Iv (reflex arc).

NnXw 2.2 dn vfIvkv B¿Iv

t]c-I-\yq-tdm¨kpjpav-\-bn¬ \n∂p≈\n¿tZiw _‘-s∏´ t]in-bn-te°p sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p.

C‚¿\yqtdm¨kwth-Z-\m-Uo X-¥phns\-bpwt]c-I-\mUo X¥p-hn-s\bpw_‘n-∏n-°p-∂p.

kwthZ\mUo-X¥pBth-K-ßsf kpjpav-\-bn-te°p sIm≠pt]mIp-∂p.

t]in-bpsS ]h¿Ø\-Øm¬ ssI ]n≥h-en-°p∂p

ap≈n¬ Adn-bmsXhnc¬Øp-ºp-sXm-Sp-∂p. Ahn -SsØKmln-Iƒ D±o-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂p

26

Poh-imkvXw

Atøm F∂p \ne-hn-fn-®p-sIm≠v HmSp∂ Ip´n-bpsS imco-cnI ]h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ hcp∂ am‰wenÃp sNøq.

$ lrZ-b-kv]-µ\\nc°v IqSp∂p

$ izm-tkm-—zm-k-\n-c°v IqSp-∂p.

$

lmhq F∂v Bizm-k-s∏-´-Xn-\p-tijw kw`-hn® imco -cn -I -am -‰ -߃ Fs¥m-s°-bm-bncn°pw?

.........................................................................................

CØ-c-Øn¬ imco-cnIam‰-߃ kw`-hn-°p-∂-sX-¥p-sIm-≠msW∂-dn-bmtam?

]Xn-k-‘n- L-´-ß--fn¬ dn^vfIvkv ]h¿Ø-\-߃ c£mkwhn-[m\ambn´p IqSn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. AØcw L´-ß-fn¬ \mUo-h-y-h-ÿ-bmsI IqSp-X¬ ]h¿Ø-\-£a-am-Im-dp-≠v. X¬^-e-ambn imco-cnI ]h¿Ø-\-߃°pw am‰w kw -hn-°m-dp-≠v.

NphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂ Im¿´q¨ i≤n°q.

At_m[]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS kqX-[m-c≥\ΩpsS \mUo-hy-h-ÿsb tIµ-\m-Uo-hy-hÿ, s]cns -d¬ \mUo-hy-hÿ F∂n-ßs\ c≠m-bn-Xn-cn-°mw. Xe-t®mdpw kpjp-av\bpw tN¿∂-XmWv tIµ-\m-Uo-hy-hÿ. imco-cnI ]h¿Ø\-߃°m-h-iy-amb t_m[-]q¿h-amb Xocp-am-\-߃ ][m-\-ambpw akvXn-jvI-Øn-emWp≠m-Ip-∂Xv. F∂m¬ ASn-b-¥n-c-L-´-ß-fn¬ Xm¬Im-enI Xocp-am-\-ß-ƒ kpjp-av\-bn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v. tIµ-\m-Uo-hy-h-ÿsb ico-c-Ønse Ah-b-h-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p-∂ \mUn-IƒtN¿∂-XmWv s]cn-s^-d¬ \mUo-hy-h-ÿ.

\ΩpsS t_m[-X-e-Øn\p shfn-bn¬ \S-°p∂ Ht´sd ]h¿Ø-\-߃ D≠v. AØcw ]h¿Ø-\-ßsf \nb-¥n-°p-∂Xp s]cns^d¬ \mUo-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS `mK-amb kzX-¥-\m-Uo-hy-h-ÿ-bm-Wv. knw]X-‰nIv hyh-ÿbpw ]mcm-kn-w]X‰nIvhyh-ÿbpw tNcp-∂-XmWv kzX-¥-\m-Uo-hy-h-ÿ. knw]-X-‰nIv hyh-ÿ-bp-sSbpw ]mcm-knw]-X-‰nIvhyh-ÿ-bp-sSbpw \mUo-X-¥p-°ƒan° B¥-cm-h-b-h-ß-fn-te°pw t]mIp∂p-≠v.

NnXw \nco-£n®v knw]-X-‰nIv, ]mcm-knw-]-X-‰nIvhyh-ÿ-I-fpsS ]h¿Ø\w Xmc-Xayw sNbvXvIpdn∏v Xbm-dm-°q. XpS¿∂p≈ ]´nI ]q¿Øn-bm-°q.

lmhq

Atømmm...

27

Poh-imkvXw

]Xn-k-‘n-L- -ßsf t\cn-Sm≥ knw]X‰nIvhyhÿ ico-c-sØ k÷-am-°p-sa∂v a\- n-em-bn-t√? ]Xn-k-‘n-L´w XcWw sNbvXp Ign-™m¬ ]mcm-knw]-X-‰nIvhyhÿ imcocnI ]h¿Ø-\-ßsf km[m-cW\ne-bn-te°p sIm≠p-h-cpIbpw sNøpw.

kz¥w ]cn-k-c-Øn¬ hcp∂ am‰-ßsf Kln-°p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂-Xn¬ \mUo-h-y-h-ÿ-bv°p≈ ]¶ns\∏‰nbpw AXnse hy-X-ykvX LS-I-ß-fpsS [¿asØ∏‰nbpw a\- n-em-°n-b-t√m. F∂m¬ _ml-y-]-cn-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ amX-a√ B¥c]cn-ÿn-Xn-bnepwA\p-\n-anjw am‰-߃ D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-sbms° B¥-cnI D±o-]-\-ß-fmWv. Ah-bn¬ NneXv NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.

Atøm F∂p lmhq F∂p Bizmkw\ne-hn-fn-°p-tºmƒ knw]-X-‰nIv sIm≈p-tºmƒ ]mcmknw]-X-‰nIvhyh-ÿ-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\-߃ hyh-ÿ-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\-߃

]´nI ˛ 2.1

Dan-\o¿ D¬]m-Z\wIpd-bp∂p

izmk-\mfwhnI-kn-°p∂p

DZ-cm-ib ]h¿Ø-\-߃ aµo- -hn-°p∂p

tlm¿tam¨D¬]m-Z\w IqSp∂p

s]cn-Ãm¬knkvaµo- -hn-°p∂p

aqX-k©n ]q¿hÿnXn ]m]n-°p∂p

lrZbkv]µ\\nc°v Ipdbp∂p

]mcm-kn-w]X-‰nIv hyhÿknw]X-‰nIv hyhÿ

NnXw 2.3. kzX¥ \mUo-hy-hÿ- ]-h¿Ø-\-߃

IrjvW-aWnhnI-kn-°p∂p

IrjvW-aWnNpcpßp∂p

Dan-\o¿ D¬]m-Z\wIqSp∂p

lrZbkv]µ\\nc°v IqSp∂p

izmk-\mfwNpcpßp∂p

DZ-cm-ib ]h¿Ø-\-߃DtØ-Pn-°-s∏-Sp∂p

tlm¿tam¨D¬]m-Z\w Ipdbp∂p

s]cn-Ãm¬knkvDtØ-Pn-°-s∏Sp∂p

aqX-k©nNpcpßp∂p

kpjpav\

knw]X-‰nIv Kmw•nb

ss•t°m-Ps\•qt°m-km-°p∂p

•qt°m-kns\ ss•t°m-P-\m-°p∂p. ]nØ-ckØns‚khWw Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p

28

Poh-imkvXw

$ c‡kΩ¿ZØnep-≠m-Ip∂ hyXn-bm-\w.

$ Pe-Øns‚ Afhn¬ hcp∂ am‰w.

$ Im¿_¨ UtbmIvssk-Uns‚ Af-hn¬hcp∂ am‰w.

CØcw D±o-]-\-ßsf Kln-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb Kmln-Iƒ B¥-cm-h-b-ß-fnepwt]in-I-fnepw D≠v. DZm:- Iotam-dn-k-]v‰dp-Iƒ(chemoreceptors), _mtcmdnk-] v‰dp -Iƒ(baroreceptors). Cu Kmln-Iƒ D±o-]n∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ ^e-ambn Bth-K-߃ D≠m-hp-Ibpw _‘-s∏´ Ah-b-h-߃ AXn\\pk

cn®v ]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ \n∂pw ico-c-Øn-\p-≈n¬ \n∂pwD±o-]-\-߃ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw ]Xn-I-c-W-߃cq]s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂Xn¬ \mUo-hy-ÿ-bpsS ]¶n-s\-∏‰n-bmWv \mw CXp-hsc a\- n-em-°n-b-Xv. \mUo-hy-h-ÿ-bnse hyXy-kvXLS-I-߃ Fß-s\-bmWv ]c-kv]-c-_-‘n-X-ambn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv? NphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂ NnXo-I-cWw kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNøq. \¬In-bn-´p≈^vtfmNm¿´v ]q¿Øn-bm-°q.

kqN-I-߃

¬ tIµ-\m-Uo-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS `mK-߃ Gh?

¬ s]cn-s -d¬ \mUo-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ `mK-߃ Gh?

¬ Xe-t®mdv Ah-b-h-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-ßs\?

¬ kpjpav\ Ah-b-h-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-ßs\?

\mUo-hy-hÿ

s]cn-s -d¬\mUo-hy-hÿ

NnXo-I-cWw 2.1

Xe-t®mdv

Ah-b-h-߃

intcm-\m-Un-Iƒ(12 tPmUn)

kpjpav\ -\m-Un-Iƒ(31 tPmUn)

kpjpav\

tIµ

-\m-U

o-hy-h

ÿ

s]cn

-s^-d¬

\mU

ohyh

ÿ

29

Poh-imkvXw

am\-kn-Ihpw imco-cn-I-hpamb kpÿn-Xn°v\mUohyh-ÿ-bpsS BtcmKyw Atß-b‰wBh-iy-am-Wv. ]e- Im-c-W-ß-fm¬ \mUo-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS kpÿnXn XI-cm-dn -em-hm-dp-≠v.kvtSm°v, Xf¿hmXw XpS-ßnb tcmKm-h-ÿ-Isf∏‰n \n߃°-dn-bmw. F∂m¬ \mUo-hy-h-ÿsb ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p∂ a‰p\nch[n Ah-ÿ-Ifpw D≠v.

A¬ssja¿ tcmKw (Alzheimer disease)

Xe-t®m-dnse \yqtdm-Wp-I-fpsS XpS¿®-bmb\mi-amWv tcmK-Im-c-Ww. \mUoIe-I-fn¬Ate-b-amb Hcp Xcw amwkyw ASn™p-IqSntπIv (plaque) cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ eam-bn- mWvCßs\ kw -hn-°p-∂-Xv. Hm¿a- ]q¿W-ambpw\in-°p-∂-XmWv apJy-tcm-K-e-£-Ww. Xm≥Fhn-sS-bmWv, IpSp-w_mw-K-߃ Bscm-s°-bmWv, Znh-kw, XobXn XpS-ßnb tIh-e-ambHm¿a- t]mepw D≠m-hn-√. AtXmsS am\-knIhym]m-c-߃ XInSw adn-bpw. kz¥w sNbvXn-Isf∏‰ntbm a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ s]cp-am-‰-sØ-]-‰ntbm tcmKn t_m-[-hm -\m -bn -cn -°n√.ItaW CXv ac-W-Øn- -tebv°p \bn-°p-∂p.hr≤-cn-emWv Cu tcmKw km[m-cW ImWp-∂-sX-¶nepw 60 hb- n-\papºpw Cu tcmKw D≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v. tcmKn-Iƒ°p a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]cn-Nc-Whpw km∂n-≤yhpw Ahiyw D≠m-tI≠Ahÿbm-Wn-Xv. hy‡n-bpsS Btcm-Ky-Øn\pw kmaq-ln-Im-tcm-Ky-Øn\pw oj-Wn-bmb-Cu tcmKsØ Iog-S-°m≥ A[nIw sshImsXsshZy-im-kvX-Øn\p Ign-bp-sa∂v ]Xym-in°mw.

]m¿°n≥k¨ tcmKw (Parkinson disease)

Xe-t®m-dnse ]tXy-I-bn\w Kmw•n-tbm-Wp-Iƒ\in -°p -∂-Xp -aqew D≠m-Ip∂ tcmKw.tUm]man≥ (dopamine) F∂ \mUobt]j-I-Øns‚ Ipdhp sIm≠mWv Cßs\ kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. Ass\-—nI t]in-I-fpsS Ia-c-ln-X-amb Ne\w aqew hnd-b¬ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-I, Dan-\o¿ Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I, t]io]h¿Ø-\-ßfpsS GtIm-]\w XI-cm-dn-em-Ip-∂-Xns‚

^e-ambn ico-c-Øns‚ Xpe-\m-h-ÿ \jvS-s∏-Sp-I XpS-ßnb e£-W-ß-fmWv Cu tcmK-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. tcmKn-Iƒ°p Pohn-X-tØmSp ISpØhnc -‡n -bpw hnjm -Zhpw D≠m-Ip -∂p.tUm]man≥ D]-tbm -Kn®p≈ NnIn’]m¿°n≥k¨ tcmK -Øn\p \¬Ip -∂p -s≠¶nepw ]q¿W-amb tcmK-hn-ap‡n ]Xo-£n-°m-\m-hn-√.

A]-kvamcw (Epilepsy)

Xe-t®m-dnse sshZyp-X-X-cw-K-߃°p-≠m-Ip∂Ia-cmln-Xy-amWv A]-kvam-c-Øn\p Imc-Ww.\nb-¥Wm-Xo-X-amb, XpS-sc-Øp-S-sc-bp≈t]io-k-t¶mNw aqe-ap≈ k∂n, At_m-[m-h-ÿ F∂n -h -bmWv tcmK -e -£-W-߃.sk°‚p-Itfm an\n-´p-Itfm \o≠p-\n¬°p∂k∂n D≠m-Ip∂ -k-a-bØv ]√v ISn-®p-]n-Sn-°pI, \m°v ISn-°p-I, hmbn¬ \n∂v \pcbpw]Xbpw hcnI F∂nhbpw D≠m-Imw. A]-kvamcw C∂v acp-∂p-Iƒ sIm≠v e-]-Z-ambnNnIn-’n-°s∏Sp∂ tcmK-am-Wv. apS-ßmsX acp-∂p-Iƒ Ign-°Ww F∂p-am-Xw.

\mUohy-h-ÿsb _m[n-°p∂ ]e tcmK-ßfpw ]q¿W-ambn NnIn-’n®p t`Z-am-°p-hm≥Ign-bn-√. AØcw tcmKn-Isf ]cn-N-cn-°p-∂-h¿ hfsctbsd i≤m-ep-°-fm-bn-cn-°-Ww.tcmKn-I-fpsS ssZ\-yX Dƒs°m-ffp-hm\pw £a-tbmsS ipiq-jn-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ am\-knI \nessIh-cnt® aXn-bm-hq. AXn-eqsS amXta a\p-jyakvXn-jvI-Øns‚ Db¿∂ Ah-ÿ-bmba\p-j-y-Xzw F∂ khn-ti-j-KpWw \ap°pt\Sm-\m-hq. tcmK-ß-fm¬ t¢iw A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h-tcmSv Fßs\ s]cp-am-d-W-sa∂v N¿®sNøq. Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm°n kb≥kv Ub-dn-bn¬tcJ-s∏-SpØq.

Np‰p-]m-Snepw ico-c-Øn-\p-≈nepw A\p-\nanjwkw -hn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ hy-Xn-bm-\-߃°-\p-k-cn®v ]h¿Øn-°m\p≈ kwhn-[m-\-߃ a‰pPohn-I-fn-ep-ap-≠v. CtXm-sSm∏w \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ hnh-c-W-߃ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ah-sb-∏‰n \nK-a\w cq]o-I-cn-°q.

30

Poh-imkvXw

GI-tImiPohn-I-fn¬GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fn¬ πmkvam-kvX-chpw tImi-Z-hyhpamWv D±o-]-\-߃ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw ]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw apJy-]-¶p-h-ln-°p-∂-Xv. ¢man-tUm-sam-Wm-kv, bq•o\ XpS-ßnb Pohn-Iƒ°v]Im-i-Øns‚ hyXn-bm-\-߃ Kln-°p-hm≥ sF kvt]m´v (eye-spot) F∂ ]tXy-I- m-K-߃ D≠v.

\mUo-Pm-enIefn-X-L-S-\bp≈ Hcp _lp-tImiPohn-bm-Wv sslU. sslU-bn¬ \mUotImi-߃ Hcp he-t]mse (nerve net) ico-c-Øn¬hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu \mUoPmen-I-h-gn-bmWv ico-c-hpw _mly-Np-‰p-]mSp-ambn Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-°p-∂Xpw ]Xn-I-c-W-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw.

i_vZw sIm≠p-w Im-Wp-∂-h¿h∆m-ep-Iƒ A‘-c-√. F∂m¬ Ah cmXn-Im-e-ß-fn¬ k©-cn-°p-∂Xv ap∂n-ep≈ XS- -߃ I≠dn™√. Ah D∂X Bhr-Øn-bp≈ i_vZ-Xcw-K-߃ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂p. Cu i_vZ-X-cw-K-߃ \ap°p tIƒ°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v Ahsb AƒSm-tkm-WnIv i_vZw F∂p ]d-bp∂p. Cu -X-cw-K-߃ ap∂n-ep≈hkvXp-°-fn¬ X´n ]Xn-]Xn-°p-∂p. ]Xn-[z\n hni-I-e\w sNbvXvap∂n-ep≈ hkvXp-hns‚ ÿm\w, AI-ew, kz`mhw F∂nh IrXy-ambn Kln-°phm≥ h∆m-en\v km[n-°p-∂p.

angn-I-fn-sXX?"Ham-‰n-Unbw' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v Ip™pIÆp-IƒtN¿∂XmWv jUv]-Z-Øns‚ IÆv. Hmtcm Ham-‰nUn-b-Øn-s‚bpwD]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ Bdv hi-߃ D≈ Hcp se≥kv D≠v. AXn\p]n∂nembn tImWn-°¬ BIr-Xn-bp≈ kpXm-cy-amb Hcp `mKwImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXn-\-Snbn¬ ]Im-i-Øm¬ D±o-]n-∏n°-s∏-Sp∂tImi-߃ D≠v. jUv]-Z-ß-fpsS IÆp-I-fn¬ \nh¿∂ ]Xn-_nw_-amWv cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Hmtcm Ham-‰n-Un-b-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ Bth-K-߃ Xe-t®m-dn-se-Øp-∂p. Xe-t®mdv Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v ]Xn-_nw-_-ßsf kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v ImgvN km[y-am-°p-∂p.

sF kv-t]m v

NnXw- 2.4.

NnXw- 2.5.

NnXw- 2.6.

NnXw- 2.7.

31

Poh-imkvXw

tIƒ°p-∂-sX-¥n\v?]mºp-Iƒ°v tIƒhn- i-‡n-bn√. ]mºm´n aIpSn DuXp-tºmƒAh \rØw sNøp-∂Xv kwKoXw tI´n-´-√, adn®v aIp-Sn-bpsSNe\w I≠n- m-Wv. ]mºp-Iƒ°v Xd-bnse Iº-\-߃ Kln-°p-hm-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠v. ]mºp-Iƒ IqsS-°qsS \m°p \o´p-∂XvK‘w Adn-bm-\m-Wv. \m°n¬ ]‰n-∏n-Sn-°p∂ K‘-I-Wn-I-IsfhmbpsS apIƒ`m-K-Øp≈ tP°_vk¨kv Hm¿K≥ (Jacobson'sorgan) F∂ ]tXyI Ah-b-h-Ønse LmW-Km-ln-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw aWw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AWen, s]cp-ºmºv F∂n-h-bnse AXoh kwth-Z-\-£-a-X-bp≈ Xm]-Km-ln-Iƒ cmXn-Im-e-ß-fn¬ a‰v Pohn-I-fpsS km∂n[yw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂p.

ImWm-\m-bn-s√-¶nepw ......ImWm-\m-bn-s√-¶nepw ]Im-iØns‚ km∂n≤yw Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pwAXn-t\mSv ]Xn-I-cn-°p∂Xn\pw kky-߃°v Ign-bpw. kky-ß-fn¬ lcnXIW-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ]Im-i-Øns‚ klm-b-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. Cu ]In -b- -bmWv t^mt´m-tam¿t^m-P-\n -knkv(photomorphogenesis). ]Im-i-Øns‚ Zni-bn-te°v ImWvUmKw hf-cp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v \n߃ ]Tn-®n- p-≠t√m. ]q°-fp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\pwNne kky-ß-fn¬ hnØp apf-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw ]Imiw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p-≠v. AØcw ]Xn-I-c-W-߃°v kky-ßsf k÷-am-°p-∂Xv ss^t‰mtImw (phytochrome) F∂ h¿WI t]m´o-\m-Wv.

CØ-c-Øn¬ \nc-h[n IuXp-I-߃ sIm≠p \nd-™-XmWv Poh-temIw. Ahsb°pdn®v hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \SØn Pohn-I-fnse ktµ-i- hn-\n-ab kwhn-[m-\-ß-sf-∏‰n Hcp ]Xn∏v Xbm-dm°q.

sshhn[yw Fs¥m-s°-bm-bmepw am‰-߃°\p-k-cn®v ]Xn-I-cn-°pI F∂Xp Pohs‚ apJy-e-£-W-am-Wv. Cu e£Ww Pohn-Iƒs°√mw s]mXp-hm-Wv. Pohn-I-sf-sb√mw ]c-kv]cw _‘n-∏n-°p∂ kam-\-X-I-fn¬ H∂m-W-Xv.

NnXw- 2.8.

NnXw- 2.9.

32

Poh-imkvXw

XpS¿]h¿Ø-\-߃1) NphsS \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ kml-Ncyw hni-I-e\w sNbvXv tNmZy-߃°p≈ DØcw FgpXpI.

$ Adn-bmsX Xobn¬ sXm´p.

$ thZ\ A\p- -h-s∏- p.

$ ssI ]n≥h-en-®p.

$ s]m≈n-b- `m-KØv B‚n-sk-]v‰nIv ]pc-´n.

a) D±o-]-\hpw ]Xn-I-c-Wßfpw ]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Øq-I.

b) t_m[-]q¿hw \S∂ ]Xn-I-cWw GXv?

c) thZ\ A\p- -h-s∏- -Xn\v tij-amtWm ssI ]n≥h-en-°p-∂Xv? \n-ß-fpsS A`n-]m-bsØkm[q-I-cn-°q.

d) thZ\ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\nSbv°v Bth-K-߃ IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ mK-߃ I-a-ambn ]´nI-s∏-Sp-Øq-I.

e) dn^vfIvkv B¿°v NnXo-I-cn-°p-I.

2) "knw]-X-‰nIv hyh-ÿbpw ]mcm-knw-]-X-‰nIv hyh-ÿbpw h≠n-bpsS BIvkn-etd-‰dpw t_°pw-t]mse ]h¿Øn-°p∂p' Cu ]kvXm-h\ ]q¿W-ambpw icn-bmtWm F∂v hne-bn-cpØn\nß-fpsS A`n-]mbw Fgp-Xp-I.

3) NphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂ ]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ hni-Ie\w sNøp-I.

a) D±o-]-\-߃ kzoI-cn-°m≥ a\p-jy-t\mfw tijn a‰v Pohn-Iƒ°n-√.

b) \mUn-I-fn-s√-¶nepw GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-Iƒ°v D±o-]-\-߃°-\p-k-cn®v ]Xn-I-cn-°p-hm-\p≈Ign-hp-≠v.