2

y`ÿkd.;af;d;a Tn - ud...

foaYmd,k wd.ukhg Èk y;,syla jqj;a udf.a Y+r

yuqod Èúhg jir y;,syls¡ tu ld, iSudfõ ud l<

ymkalï j,ska ì`ols fï¡

3

4

fus f;dr;=re fy,slrk ud hqoaOh

iusnkaOj yd fjk;a ud;Dld mokus

lrf.k jsjsO lD;Ska Tn fj; f.k

wd idys;Hlrejl= jqjo” fujr ksrAkdus-

lj Tn fj; lreKq fy,s lsrSug is-

jQfha fkdje,elajsh yels jd;djrKhla

hgf;ah’ wm rg ch .;a fus uyd igkg

kdhl;ajh ÿka foaYmd,k fukau

yuqod kdhlhkaf.a we;=,dka;h wvx.= \chudjf;a kshuqfjda\ kus lD;sh t<soelajSu

ioyd ud jsiska l,l isgu f;dr;=re /

ialrk ,oS’ foaYmd,k kdhlhska .ek

fndfyda lreKq rgjeishd fus jk jsg;a

fydoska okakd w;r” wΩ;ska fidhd.ekSug

yelsjqfha Tjqka hqo nsfus l%shdldrlus

j,g wod,j .kq ,enq jeo.;a fukau

;du;a rdcH ryia f,i mj;sk jsfYaIs;

;SrK iusnkaOjh’ tfy;a yuqod kdhl-

hska .ek fijSfusoS ud oek.;a fndfyda

wm%lg lreKq jsYauh okjk iqΩh’

ksoyia Y%S ,xldfjs jrska jr jsjsO

foaYmd,k u; fmroers fldgf.k rfgs

kdhl;ajh ioyd jsjsO mqoa.,fhda ;r.

l,y’ ta igka j, ch.%dys kdhlhska

ishΩfokdu foaYmd,kfha fndfyda

m,mqreoq w;aoelSus nyq, mrsK; jq

kdhlfhdah’ fujr ckdOsm;sjrK igk

fmrg jvd fjkia jkafka ckdOsm;s uyskao

rdcmCI ue;s;=udg wNsfhda.hla bosrsm;a

lsrSug yels jsmCI tl;=fjka bosrsm;a

lr we;s ckdOsm;s Oqr wfmaCIlhd” hqO

ch.%yKfhaos hqO yuqodm;s jq jsY%dusl

fckrd,a ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d jSuhs’ Tyq yuqod fiajfha mrsk; jqfjla jqjo

foaYmd,khg kqyqre kqmqreoq wdOqkslfhl=

jsu iqjsfYaIS isoaOshls’

70 oYlfha uqΩ f,dju wdkafoda,khg

,la l, yuqod wd{dodhlfhl= jq W.kavd

ckdOsm;s *S,avs udrAI,a bvS wuSka .ek

5

,smshla miq.sh osk brsod mqj;am;l m<

jsh’ th lshjSfuka wk;=rej fuf;la

ksoyia m%cd;ka;%jdos rgla jYfhka

mej;=k wm rgo W.kavdj fuka f,a js,la

fjs hehs pls;hla ud isf;ys we;s jqfha Tn

fkdokakd” ud jsiska fidhd .;a iuyr

lreKq tjka ;;ajhlg b;d iuSm yd

iudk;d we;s nejsks’

uka;%sjrfhl=” weu;sjrfhl=” jsmCI

kdhljrfhl=” w.ue;sjrfhl= yd

jsOdhl ckdOsm;sjrfhl= jYfhka

rgu oek yoqkk uyskao rdcmCI

ckdOsm;s;=udf.a we;=,dka;h fydo fyda

krl fus jk jsg fkdokakd flfkl=

furg isgsh fkdyel’ Tyqf.a oqrAj,lus” wvqmdvq ud jsiskau rg jeishkag jsgska jsg

fy,s lr we;’ ud fus ,smsfhka fy<sorõ

lrk ;s;a; tfy;a we;a; lreKq ms<snoj

TSkEu flfkl= yg wNsfhda. l< yels

w;r” jevs wmyiq;djhla fkdue;sj iqΩ

W;aidyhlska” jsurAYKhlska miq i;H

nj wjfndaO lr .; yelsh’ fuys ioyka

lrk ish,qu mqoa.,hska ;du;a cSj;=ka

w;r isgsk w;r” fldgila ;du;a hqO

yuqod fiajfha fhoS we;' ckdOsm;sjrKhg

Pkaoh oSu flfia fj;;a ta .ek l:d

ny lsrSug;a fmr fus lreKq Tn fydoska

wjOdrKh lr.; hq;af;a foaYmd,k

mCI fNaohlska f;drj kshu foaY ysff;Is

mqrjeishka f,isks’

udf.a .fjsYKfhaos hqO msgsfha kdhl;ajh

oqka m%OdkSka ish,a,kaf.au wm%lg f;dr;=re

fidhd.;a;o” ta w;rska udf.a \chudjf;a

kshuqfjda\ lD;sfhys wvx.= jkafka f;dard

fnsrd .;a fldgila muKs’ Bg fya;=j

tu.ska Tjqkaf.a jSr prs; j,g wys;lr

n,mEus isoqjsh yels nejsks’ thsksoq fï

,smshg wod, jkafka ckdOsm;sjrKhg

6

bosrsm;a jk m%Odk wfmaCIlfhl=

jk jsY%dusl yuqodm;s fckrd,a ir;a

f*dkafiald uy;d ms<sno fuf;la wm%lgj

;snq” ud jsiska .fjsYKfhaos t<sorjs lr

.;a i;H jq lreKq muKs’ fï lreKq

idudkH idys;H lD;shl wvx.= lsrSug

;rus fkdjq iSudj blau jq lreKq jqjo

rfgs kdhl;ajh ioyd ;r. josk

mqoa.,fhl= .ek ck;dj fydoska oek.;

hq;= nejska” wlue;af;ka jqjo fy,s lsrSug

isoqj we;’

úkh

1970 oS YSIHNg ks<Odrsfhl= f,i ks,

wxl 0$50536 hgf;a hqo yuqodjg neoqKq

cS’tia’iS’ f*dkafiald uy;d fojk ,q;skka

flfkl= f,i mqyqKqj ksulf<a ;ud iu.

neoqKq oyih fofkl=f.ka hq;a lKavdhfus

wka;suhd f,ih’ Tyqf.a ,l=Kq m%udKh

wkqj Tyqg ysusjqfha isxy frcsfuska;=jh’ ;reK jhfia isgu nSu;alug wensneys

jS isgs fudyq ks;ru nsu;aj wvonr we;s

lr.ekSu ksid fndfyda wjia:dj, Wiia

ks<OdrSkaf.a Woyig ,lajS ;snqKS’ fydoska

nSu;a jq jsg lskus fyda ia;%Shlf.a myi

wjYH jq ir;a f*dkafiald ;reK ,q;skka

jrhd oskm;du osh;,dj” nKavdrfj,

msysgs .Ksld ksjdi j,g hdug wensneys

jqfjls’ fus fya;=j ksidu Wiia ks<OdrSka

jsiska Tyq l|jqrg iSud lsrSfus ovqjula

mekjSh’

1975 foieusnrA 25 jk osk osh;,dj

l|jqr ;=< fydogu nSu;a jQ ,q;skka

ir;a f*dkafiald l|jqfrka neyer hdug

fkdyels fyhska” ;u wdYdjka bgqlr.

ekSug l|jqr ;=, msysgs” tjlg lrAk,a

.euqKq l=,;=x. uy;df.a ^miqj fuscrA

fckrd,a& ksjig we;=,a jS tys fiajsldj

7

jk Okj;S kus .eyeKq <uhd oqIKh

lrk ,os’ Okj;S jsiska fuh fy,slsrSfuka

miqj ,q;skka f*dkafiald hqO wOslrKh

fj; f.k tk ,os’ tysos jro ms<s.;a Tyqg

tu hqO wOslrKh fufyh jq lrAk,a

isrs,a rK;=x. jsiska ^miqj fckrd,a&

Tyq jrolre lr ovqjus kshu lrk ,os’ fus ,shlshjs,s hqO yuqod uq,ia:dkfha

iqrCIs;j we;’ isjs,a kS;sh hgf;a fuh

isr ovqjus ,ensh hq;= nrm;, jrola

jqjo yuqod ks<OdrSkaf.a kusnqj wdrCId

lsrSu msKsi j. lsj hq;a;ka jsiska fuu

;reKshg jq wmrdOh isjs,a kS;sfhka jix

lf<ah’

hqO wOslrKhlska ovqjï ,enq fiajd

mqoa.,fhl=g bka u;=jg ksle<,a prs;hla

we;af;ahehs lsisoskl ioyka l< fkdyel’ fï fya;=j ksidu ysgmq hqO yuqodm;sjreka

jsiska ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d fj; jir

15 l ksle<,a fiajhla fjkqfjka m%Odkh

flfrk \W;a;u fiajd molalu\ m%Odkh

ioyd ksrAfoaY fkdflrsKs’ Tyq ;j;a

jir 22 lg miq hqO yuqodm;s f,i m;ajq

jsg Tyqf.a mqoa.,sl ,smsf.dkqfjka ;u

ovqjus ,shlshjs,s bj;a lr” 2007 jifrA

Tyq jsiskau fr.=,dis j,g mgyeksj Tyq

fjkqfjka \W;a;u fiajd molalu\ ksrAfoaY

lr.kakd ,os’

jsYsIaG fiajd jsN+IKh\ msrskukafka

b;d jsYsIaG jir 25 l fiajd ld,hla

we;s ks<Odrskag muKs’ Tyq fus molalu

ioyd fudku whqrlskaj;a iqoqiq fkdjqjo

2008 jifrAos fuu molalu m%Odkh

ioyd iuia: hqO yuqodfjkau Tyqf.a

ku muKla ksrAfoaY lr.;af;ah’ kdjsl yd .=jka yuqodj, wfkl=;a iqoqiq

fcAHIaG ks<Odrska fndfyda fofkl=g fuu

jsN+IKh ,ndoS Tjqkaf.a ksle<,a fiajhg

8

f.!rj l,o ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d” fus

ioyd kqiqoqiqu mqoa.,hd jk ;ud muKla

ksrAfoaY lruska uqΩ uy;a hqO yuqodju

iudch bosrsfha mdjd oqkafkah’

\jvudrpsps ix.%du molalu\ m%odkh

flrefKa l%shdldrs f,i jvudrpsps

igfka ksr; jq fiajd mqoa.,hskag muKs’ tfy;a tjlg fld<U iy jsfoaY.;j isgs

ir;a f*dkafiald jvudrpsps molaluo

wkjirfhka me<of.k isgs nejska” tjlg

taldnoaO l%shdkajs; wKfok ks<Odrs

f,i lghq;= l, fckrd,a isrs,a rK;=x.

uy;df.a Woyig ,lajS isgsfhah’ ia;%s

oqIKh ioyd ir;a f*dkafiald uy;dg

ovqjus oqkafkao fckrd,a isrs,a rK;=x.

uy;duh’

by; molalus ;=ku fudyq me<oqjo” tajd Tyqg ysus ke;s molalush’ ysus ke;s

molalus me<o” fy,sorjs jq miq” weursldkq

kdjsl yuqodm;sjrfhla uE; b;sydifha

;u ysig fjvs ;ndf.k ish osjs ydks

lr.;af;a” tu jrfoys nrm;, lu

ksiduh’ fufia wysus molalus me<oSu

fukau ia;%s ¥IKho bvS wuSkaf.a iqmqreoq

l%shdjkah’

;reK jhfia ir;a f*dkafiald

m%isoaOshla bis,qfjs ks<Odrs ksjfia fiajhg

meusfKk ;reK negsuka,dg iu,sx.

sl wmpdr lsrSu iusnkaOjh' .us j,

isg cSj;ajSug uqo,a bmehSfus woyiska

w;jeislus lrkakg meusfKk wysxil

fld,q .eghska fndfydafofkl= fudyqf.a

wmpdrj,g ,lajS” .=gsld ;u fiajh yer

oud .sh wjia:d fndfydah' fuu ld,h

;=, ldka;d n,ldh fkd;snq w;r” ldka;d

n,ldh werUSu;a iu. fudyqf.a fï le;

mqreoao k;r jsh'

9

ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d n%sf.aâ

ludKavrA” fiakdxldOsm;s iy wdrCIl

fiakd wd{dm;s” udKav,sl m%Odks iy

hqO yuqodm;s hk ks, orK ld,hka ;=<

ldka;d fin<shka ;u ldrAhd,fha iy

ks, ksjfia fiajh ioyd fhojSu wksjdrAh

lr ;snSu ldf.a;a fk;a .egqK ldrAHhls’ rd;%Sfha mjd fin<shka ks, ksjfia fiajh

ioyd fhdojd ;snqKs’ Tyqg ;snq nsh ksidu

lsisfjl= fus ms<snoj l:dlf,aj;a fkdue;’ rd;%s ld,fha msrsus finΩka yd fiajlhska

ks, ksjiska bj;ajsh hq;= w;r” uOqjs;

mdkh lruska remjdyskS krUd wjidk

jk;=re wvqu ;ruska ;reK fin<shka

fofofklaj;a ;u fomd” fow;a iy ysi

iusNdykh ioyd fhojSh’ bkamiq Tyq

hykg .sfha tla fin<shla ;ud is;e.s

mrsos f;dardf.kh’ fuh fmr rc oji

wka;#mqrh isyshg f.k fok lreKla

nj hqO yuqodj ;=, b;d m%p,s; lreKls’

jsjsO jljdkq ;=< ir;a f*dkafiald

uy;df.a iqL jsjrKh ioyd fhdojd

.eKqkq .ïs okjs j,ska meusKs wysxil

oqmam;a .eyeKq orejkaf.a .Kk fus

jk jsg ixLHd f,aLK wkqj 71 fofkls’ thska ;sfofkla fiajfha fhos isgshoSu ish

osjs ydks lr.;af;ah’ 18 fofkla wksis

f,i fiajh yerf.diah’ f*dkafiald

uy;df.a w.ehsh hq;= .=Khla jqfha fuu

fin<shkaf.ka fndfyda fofkl=g kS;shg

mgyeksj WiiajSus ,ndoSu iy ks<Odrska

udrA.fhka n,mEus lr .us okjs j,ska

meusKs wysxilu fid,aodoqjka fj;

flf,ik ,o fin<shka irK mdjd oSuhs’ jhi hdu;a iu. wu;l l,;a Tyq yels

whqrska ;reK jsfhaos fuu ldka;djkag

Wojs ,ndoS we;’ .ensnr jSfuka miq orejka

ke;s lr .ekSug tl. fkdjq fin<shka

lSmfofkla muKla ir;a f*dkafialdf.a

orejka youska isgs’ tfy;a fus nj t<smsgu

10

mjikafka oekg jsY%dusl ldka;d fin<

kkaokS ueKsfla muKs’

;ud hqO yuqodOsm;s jq jsg ;udg leu;su

ldka;d fin,shka 16 fofkl= ks,

ksjdihg wkqnoaO lr .;a w;r” Tyqf.a

nsrso jk wfkdaudf.a wkqoekqu msg ksji

;=,u Tjqkaf.a myi jsoSug ;rus Tyq

lDDr jsh’ csjs;fhka fyusn;aj f;jrlau

ksos fm;s nS osjs kid.ekSug W;aidy oerE

wfkdaud Tyqg rsis mrsos TSkEu wfhl= iu.

yeisrSug bv wer wd.u oyug ,eosj” rdcldrs lghq;= j,os muKla ;u ieushd

yd tlajSug mqreoq mqyqKq jsh’ jrla mykla

oe,ajSug f.dia wfkdaud w;ska Tyq oe,ajq

myka ;srh ksjS hdu fya;=fjka flaka;s

f.dia m%isoaOsfhau wfkdaudf.a ysig f;,a

fnda;,hla ye,Su n,d isgs ishΩfokdu

ujs;hg m;a lrjSh’ wfkla nsysiqKqu

l:dj jkafka tla jljdkqjl ;ud yd

tl. fkdjq jsg wfkdaud nsu oK.iajd

msgg fjsje,lska myroSu mqreoaola jYfhka

lrf.k hduhs’

ksis whqrskau ryi fy,s fkdl,o rfgs

fndfyda fofkla okakd mrsos ;u yuqod

uq,ia:dkh ;=,oSu .ens.;a ldka;djlf.a

urdf.k uefrk m%ydrhg f.doqrejSu

ir;a f*dkafiald uy;df.a i,a,d,

lu ksid isoqjqjls’ Tyqf.a fus oqrAj,lu

oek.;a fldgs ;%ia;jdoSka fus iqrEms o%jsv

;reKsh Tyq fj;g ,xlf,a ks;ru Tyq

fj; ldka;djka iemhq Tyqf.a ks, ksjfiys

fiajh l, uqia,sus cd;sl wrlaleushd

u.sks’ jsYd, uqo,a fldka;%d;a;=jla u;

isoqjq fus ydolu ksid o%jsv ;reKsh we;a;

jYfhkau ir;a f*dkafiald fj;ska .ens

.ekSfuka miqj wehg hqO yuqod frday,

fj; taug wjir ,ndoS ;snqfkao Tyqf.a

wkqoekqu we;=jh’ tfia fkdjkakg hqO

11

yuqod uq,ia:dkfha fus isoaOsh iusnkaOj

fndfyda jeroslrejka isgsh hq;=h’ tfy;a

tla jrolrefjl= j;a fus ;dla fkdue;af;a

jrolre ;udu ksidh’

l=rsrelufldgs ;%ia;jdoSka jsiska f*dkafiald uy;d

uerSug iqoqiq fou< ;reKsh Tyqf.a

wrlaleushd u.ska tjSug W.=,a wegjqfha

wrlaleushka ir;a f*dkafialdg lsisoq

wdorhla” f.!rjhla fkdolajk ksidh’ f*dkafialdg ns;a;r neo ^nq,aia whs& oSu

buy;a wmyiq ldrAHhls’ ns;a;rh neoao

jsg tys ly uoh yrs ueo ;snsh hq;= w;r” th ly mdggo” msg; iqoq uoh fldgi

;ks iqog yrs jD;a;dldrjo ;snsh hq;=h’ fus ;;ajh yrsyegs bgqlsrSug fkdyels jq

wjia:dj, tu ns;a;r j,skau Tyq yg oud

.id mhska .eiSu Tyqf.a iqmqreoq l%shdjls’ hqO yuqodj ;=, b;d m%isoaO isoaOdka;hla

jkafka ir;a f*dkafiald uy;dg Wfoa

wdydrh ioyd ns;a;r 20 la fjkalrk

njhs’ thg we;a;u fya;=j wx. iusmqrAK

nq,aia whs tlla tk;=re wrlaleushd

ns;a;r neo bka fydou yh f*dkafiald

fj; f.khduh’

ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d w,suxlv l|jqfrA

fiajh lrk ld,h ;=,os isoqjq ns;a;r

wdmam isoaOsho b;du m%p,s; fukau

nsysiqKq isoqjSuls’ tosk WoEik wdydrhg

wdmam lEug .sh jsg wdmam ish,a,u

YS;, jS ;snqks’ wrlaleushdg wuq ;s;a;

l=Kqyremfhka neK jeos kej; WKq

ns;a;r wdmamhla f.k taug lsjo” m%udo

jq fyhska Tyq ksjS ;snq wdmam wdydrhg

f.k flaka;sfhka hdug iqodkus jk jsg” wrlaleushd WKq WKq ns;a;r wdmamo

/f.k osj wdfjsh’ tjsg flaka;sfhka

mqmqruska isgs f*dkafiald ns;a;r wdmamh

12

f.k wrlaleushdf.a lfkys ;nd yels

fjr fhdod wdmamhg .eiSh’ lka wvs me,S

ns;a;r idre lk we;=,g f.dia isysiqka

jq wrlaleushd miqj fy,sfldmagrhlska

wkqrdOmqrh fj; f.k tk ,os’ jdikdjlg fuka Tyqf.a cSjs;h fnsreko

tl lkla ;du;a wefikafka ke;’

lka fldg lrKjEushdf.a l:dj mejiSug

fndfyda ks<OdrSka iy fid,aodoqjka ue,s

jqjo” oeka oeka i;Hh t,shg tuska mj;s’ fld<Uska neyerj yuqod ks, ksjdihla

;=,os ijia jrefjs ir;a f*dkafiald

uy;df.a fldKavh lemq lrKjEushd

oe,s msysfhka lk wi, yevhg flia

lemSfusos yu ;=jd, jS f,a .,kakg

jsh’ thg nsh jq lrKjEushd ;=jd,hg

fvfgd,a oud we;’ tysos we;s jq fjsokdj;a

iu.u lsmqKq f*dkafiald ke.sg oe,smsysh

Woqrdf.k lrKjEushdf.a lk uq,g

;nd \Tfydu fkfjhs nqrejd fufyu

lmmsh\ lshd fjs.fhka weoao jsg lk

iusmqrAKfhka lemS fjkajS we;’ fjsokdjg

yd nshg m;ajq lrKjEushd lE .iuska” f,a .,uska oqjf.dia ie.jS we;af;a

fid,aodoqjka isgsk ksjdihla ;=<h’ miqj

lk iy lrKjEushd frday,la fj;

msg;alr yersho Y,H lrAuh widrA:l jq

ksid Tyq wo;a lkla wysusj hqO yuqodfjsu

fldKavh lmuska jfhdajDoaOj cSj;a fjs’

fkdñksialu

b;d iqΩ fohg;a lsfmk tfia;a ke;akus

fkdlsmqk fudfyd;la ke;s ir;a

f*dkafiald uy;d ks<Odrskag iy

fiiq ks,hkag usksiqkag fuka lsisoskl

wu;kafka ke;’ whsfia” Tshs” ;uqka” ;uqfia” nqrejd” usyrld” fmd,a nqrejd” fmfrA;hd

hk jpk Tyqf.a idudkH jHjydrh jk

13

w;r” lsmS we;ssjsg Ndjs;d lrkqfha Y=oaO

isxy, nejska iodpdr iusmkak iudchl

mqrjeishka fj; ,sLs;j bosrsm;a lsrSug

;rus fkdfjs’ tfy;a TSkEu ldka;d

ks<OdrSkshlg” fin<shl=g fyda iqrEmS

ldka;djlg l:d lrkafka b;du

lreKdfjka iy wdorfhks'

Tyq jsiska ks;r wmydihg” ieye,a,qjg” ks.rejg ,lajk fckrd,a fldnsnElvqj

uy;d fid,aodoqjkag l:d lf,a \mq;d\ ke;akus \orejd\ lshdh’ fid,aodoqfjl=f.a

;=jd,hla oqgq jsg ta .ek loqΩ msrs fk;ska

ne,q Tyq ch.%yKh .ek muKla fkdj

cSjs; j, jgskdluo fydoska jgydf.k

;snqks’ Tyqg wo;a yuqodju” uqΩ rgu

wdorh lrkafka tfyhsks’

udo ms<sfkd.;a miqj i;Hhehs jgyd.;a

lreKla jkafka f*dkafiald uy;dg

iskdiSug ners njh’ Tyqg tu iajNdjsl

l%Shdldrlu Tyqf.a uqyqfKa udxY fmaYS

j,ska ksis f,i l%shd;aul fkdjSu thg

fya;=j f,i ffjoHjreka mjid isgs’ Tyq

iskdfik jsg muKla fkdj l:d lrk

jsgo idudkH usksfil=f.a fuka f;d,a

fm;s folu iy lusuq,a j, p,khka isoq

fkdjS” Wvq f;d, muKla p,kh fõ’ fuh

Tngo bosrs rEmjdysks jevigyka ;=,ska

;yjqre lr .; yelsh’ cqfojsjka us,shk

.Kkla urd oeuq crAuksfha kdis us,sgrs

wd{dodhl ysg,rAgo iskydjSug fkdyels

uqyqKla ;snq nj m%lg lreKls’ fuh

b;d l,d;=rlska f,dj nsysjk ye.Sus

j,ska” wkqlusmdfjka f;dr wudkqIsl

mqoa.,hkaf.a .;s ,CIKhla nj fmd;

mf;yso ioyka fjs’

hk hk ;ek NSIKh we;s l, ir;a

14

f*dkafiald ;ud hgf;a fiajh lrk

fcAHIaG ks<OdrSkago lsisoq f.!rjhla

oelajqfha ke;’ Tyq usksiqkaf.ka jev .;af;a

is; oskd.ekSfuka fkdj ishhg foiShhlau

n,h ke;akus ;rAckh Ndjs;fhks’ n,

fiakdOsm;s f,i lghq;= lrk ld,h

;=<oSo Tyq meusfKk;=re ishΩfokdu

oskm;d fm, ieoS iSrefjka isgSu mqreoaols’ fujka mqreoq ckm;s ueoqfrAj;a wid ke;’ hqOnsu m%p,s; l:djla jkafka \biairyg

.sfhd;a fcdkS” miaig .sfhd;a f*dkS\ hkakh’ ta Tyq usksiqka fufyhjk jsg

fcdkS ngsgka fkd;ld bosrshg hk fia

finΩkag wK oqka jsg we;sjk ;;ajhhs’ finΩka f;dard.kafka msgqmi isgsk f*dkS

fkdj ushhEu fyda fydohs lshd bosrsmi

isgsk fcdkSh’

wka;#mqrh

foysw;a;lKavsh ;=kajk ldka;d

n,ldfha ldka;d fin< m%Shx.kS iy

il,iqrsh 2004 oS hqO yuqod fiajfhka

wialrkq ,enqfha Tjqka yuqod lojqr ;=,

.Ksld jD;a;sfha fhoS uqo,a tl;= l,

ksidh' tjlg tu n,ldfha wKfok

ks<Odrs jq lrAk,a isrs fmfrArdg fuu

;SrKh .ekSug isoqjqfha fuu jro ioyd

fin<shka fofokdg uSg fmr 8 j;djla

ovqjus lr ;snq ksidh' tfy;a 2005 oS ir;a

f*dkafiald uy;d yuqodm;s jq jydu tu

fin<shka fofokd kej; fiajfha msysgqjd

uykqjr l=,shg ksjilao ,ndoS Tyqf.a

mrsyrKhg ;nd.;af;ah' fuu fin<shka

,jd udkj ysuslus kvqjla ousujd lrAk,a

isrs fmfrArdg jsreoaOj ir;a f*dkafiald

tys idCIs oqkafkah' miqj lrAk,a fmfrArd

yuqod fiajfhka wialr oeusfush'

15

ir;a f*dkafiald uy;df.a ldka;d

fin< wka;#mqrfha jsjsO jljdkq j,

jsjsO prs; w.fufyishf.a prs;h

r.mEfjsh’ ld,hl tu ;k;=r oerE

fldam%,a chiqrsh fi$2R01250 fin<sh

ks<Odrska fukau fcAHIaG finΩka lsysm

fofkl=f.au cSjs; jskdY lr we;af;a

ir;a f*dkafiald uy;df.a yuqodm;s n,h

Wmldrs lr.ksusks’ lsisu ks<Odrsfhl=g” n,,;a ks<Odrsfhl=g .reire fkdlrk

fldam%,a chiqrsh fin<shf.a jskh jsfrdaOs

l%shd j,g wjjdo iy ovqjus oSfus jrog” jir 20 la l%shdkajs;fha fiajh fldg

n;a;ruq,a, l|jqrg udrejS wd frcsfuska;=

ierhka fuscrA tia’ta’tka’ jsfcA;=x.

yuqodm;s ir;a f*dkafiald jsiska isr.;

fldg /lshdj mjd wysus fldg f.or

hjd we;’ foore msfhl= jk Tyq wo wka;

wirK ;;ajhg m;aj we;’

;j;a jrl w.% ufyaIsldj f,i m%isoaOj

isgsfha we,amsgsfha isg meusKs ldka;d

fin< l=uqoq idrx.sh' ueh fl;rus

m%n,j isgsfhao h;a fcAHIaG ks,OdrSkaf,a

nvv ;gsgq lr \irA nv jevshs\ lshd

lSug ;rus Yla;sh ;snqfkah' ta ir;a

f*dkafiald uy;d weh lshk TskEu

fohla l, ksidh' jrla ldka;d fin<

l=uqoq wikSmj hqO yuqod frdAyf,a kej;S

isgsk jsg wfjs,dfjs weh n,kakg meusKs

fhfy,shka ;sfofkl= wdmiq yrjd hejSfus

fya;=jg ffjoH n,ldfha fldam%,a nKavdr

yuqodfjka wialf,ah' fuh hqO yuqod

ffjoH fiajfha TskEu flfkl= ;yjqre

lrkq we;'

fuf,i f*dkafiald uy;df.a wka;#mqrfha

jsgska jsg w.% ufyaIsldjf.a ;k;=r

fynjqjka w;r” lms;dka ,CIuS fok.u”

16

lms;dka m%S;s jSrr;ak” lms;dka rsoausld

jSrr;ak” n,,;a ks<Odrs 11 kkaoks

ueKsfla” fldam%,a chiqrsh” fldam%,a

wU.iamsgsh” ldka;d fin< m%Shx.ks” il,iqrsh” l=uqoq l=udrs” ks,ausKs rx.kS” bfkdald frAKqld” iqmqks” f,afkdard iy

l=Uqrefyak m%uqL ;eka f.k isgS'

udOH u¾Okh iy >d;k

udOHlrejka w;f,diaila ir;a

f*dkafiald uy;df.a i.hska njg

m;ajqfha Tjqka fjkqfjka jsYd, uqo,a

iusNdrhla ,ndfouska iy is;eÛs mrsos

i;=gq jSug wysxil fin<shka we;s muK

myi ioyd Tjqka fj; iemhSug fjkuu

ks<Odrs lKavdhulg Ndr lsSrSfuks’ hqO

yuqodfjs we;s ksula ke;s rcfha fkdjk

wruqo,a jk frcsfuska;= wruqo,a rsisfia

fnod.;a ks<OdrSkao yuqodm;s wjirh

u; fin<shka ;u wjYH;d ioyd Ndjs;h

lf,dah’

\o fkaIka\ mqj;amf;a ir;a f*dkafiald

uy;df.a l%shdldrlus m,jSu;a iu.u

udOHfjsos lS;a fkdhdrA meyerf.k

f.dia myroqks’ bka wk;=rej fmdaoao,

chka;” ik;a nd,iqrshg fukau rsjsr

mqj;amf;a l;D Wmd,s f;kakfldakag

.=gs neg oqkafka Tyqf.a i.hskauh’ 1993 oS hd,afoajS fufyhqfuka miq ta .ek

fy,slsrSu iusnkaOj bland,a w;dia

uy;df.a ksji wi, u,ajvus ;ekam;a

lf,ao ir;a f*dkafialdf.a i.hska jsisks’ ,ika; jsl%u;=x. >d;kh .ek ioyka

fkdl,;a ta ms<snoj f;dr;=re uqΩ uy;a

rgjeishdu oks;s’ miq.sh ld,h ;=, isoqjq rch uy;a

wmlSrA;shg m;a l, w;a;fkdau;sl

uskSuereus f,i ie,flk fcdai*a

17

mrrdcisxyus” kvrdcd rjsrdcA iy gS’ ufyaIajrka >d;ko ir;a f*dkafiald

jsiska fufyh jq nj kqoqre oskhl

ck;djg meyeos,s jk jsg kej; kej;;a

W.kavdfjs bvS wuSka isysjkq we;’

fid,aod¥jka .ek fkd;elSu

lsisoq oskhl fid,aodoqfjl=f.a urKhla

.ek wid lusmkhg m;a fkdjq ir;a

f*dkafiald” ;reK jsfha isgu kreufhl=

f,i yuqodj ;=, m%p,s; jsh’ yuqodfjs

m%udKh jevslsrSu .ek;a” yuqodfjs ush

.sh ixLHdfjs jsYd,;ajh .ek;a l:d

lrk Tyq lsis osfkl urK ixLHdj

wvqlsSrSula .ek l:d lf,a ke;’ csjs;h

mqrdjgu tla osklaj;a fid,aodoqfjl=f.a

u,.ulg iyNd.s fkdjq Tyq” ;=jd, jq

fid,aodoqjka oelSug .sfhao” leurdlrejka

msrsjrdf.k m%isoaOsh ,nd.ekSug muKs’

hqO ch.%yKfha ;ks whs;sh ;ud fj;

mjrd .ekSfus woyi w;S;fha isgu ir;a

f*dkafialdf.a ysf;a ;snqks’ tksid Tyq

fndfyda jsg .=jka iy kdjsl iydh ,nd

fkdf.k ryfiau ys;=uf;ag fufyhqus

osh;a lf,ah’ uqyuf,a bosrshg taug

f.dia wjia:d ;=klos fid,aodoqjka 1600

la muK ush .sh w;r” ta ishΩ urK

fudyqf.a uu;ajh ksid isoqjq fmdf,dj

kqyq,k wmrdOhkah’ fufyhqus j,g

kdjsl iy .=jka iydh ,nd.;af;a kus

fndfyda finΩka wo;a cSj;=ka w;rh’ ke;akus w;a md we;s idudkH usksiqkah’ fuu w;a;fkdau;sl l%Shdkajs; ksid Tyq

ckdOsm;s;=udf.a Woyig mjd ,lajsh'

ta wjia:dfjs Tyq yuqodm;s ;k;=rska

mylsrSug ;SrKh l,o miqj tu ;SrKh

fjkia lr we;'

18

cúfm l=uka;%Kh

fojrlau wjs n,fhka rfgs md,kh

,nd.ekSug W;aidy fldg” th lsisod

l, fkdyelalla nj jegyqK ck;d

jsuqla;s fmruqK” ta n,h flfia fyda

,nd.ekSu ioyd l=uka;%Kh lf,a

1994 pkao%sld nKavdrkdhl ue;sKsh

rfgs n,hg m;ajSu;a iu.h’ Tjqka ta

jkjsg;a ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d iu.

tl;= jS Tyq yuqodOsm;s ;k;=r olajd

f.k taug W;aidy oerSh’ tfy;a nqoaOs

f;dr;=re jsYaf,aIKh lsrSfuka miq

ue;sKsh lsisjsfgl;a ir;a f*dkafiald

yuqodm;s lrjSu m%;sfCIam lf<ah’ ta Tyq

jsYajdikSh mqoa.,fhl= f,i ms,s fkd.;a

ksidh’ ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d yuqodm;s

lsrSug cjsfmg wjYH jqfha Tyq u.ska

;uka yg lsisosfkl ,nd.ekSug fkdyels

rdcH n,h yuqod l=uka;%Khla u.ska fyda

Woqrd.ekSugh’

oekg ,enS we;s f;dr;=re wkqj 2005

ue;sjrKfhaos cjsfm jsiska uyskao rdcmCI

ue;s;=udg iydh oSug m%Odku fya;=jla

jqfha ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d yuqodm;s

lrjd.ekSugh’ ir;a f*dkafiald uy;do

fus ioyd ix>hd jykafia,dg muKla

fkdj rfgs joskakg yels iEu flfkl=gu

jekafoah’ wdrCIl f,alus f.daGdNh

rdcmCI uy;dgo jeo yvd jegqfkah’ fy, Wreufha kdhljreka iy ysusjreka

wNshio tf,iu jeo jegS yuqodm;s

lu ,nd.ekSug Wojs b,a,d isgsfhah’ ish,a,kaf.au b,a,Sus j,g lkaoSfuka miq

ckdOsm;s ;=ud Tyq yuqodOsm;s lf,ah’

cd;Hdka;r iydh iy ms,s.ekSu fkdue;sj

yuqod l=uka;%Khlska rfgs md,kh

Woqrdf.k tjlg n,.;=j isgs fldgs

;%ia;jdoSka yd igka lsrSug fkdyels

19

nejska” rg w,a,d.ekSfus lghq;a; cjsfm

iy ir;a f*dkafiald l,aoeusfush’ fldgs

;%ia;jdoSka mrdch lsrSu ioyd ckdOsm;s

uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=ud;a” wdrCIl

f,alus f.daGdNh rdcmCI uy;d;a

w;HdjYH nj Tjqka oek isgsfhah' hqO

ch.%yKfha wjidkh lsgsgq jk jsg

ir;a f*dkafialdg yuqod l=uka;%Khla

lsrSug wjYH jqjo ta jk jsg wfkl=;a

hqO yuqod ks<Odrska ish,af,dau Tyqf.a

l=rsrelus ksid Tyq yd WrK jS isgsfhdah’ fid,aodoqjkao ir;a f*dkafiald jsY%du

hk ;=re n,d isgsfhdah’ kdjsl yd .=jka

yuqodm;sjre” ks<Odrska iy Nghkaa

f*dkafialdf.a kreulus” widOdrKlus” fkdusksialus yoqkdf.k isgsfhdah’ Tyqg

yuqod l=uka;%Khla lsrSug fkdyels jqfha

tnejsks’

cd;Hdka;r l=uka;%Kh

yuqod l=uka;%Khla ioyd Tyqg

iydhla fkdue;s nj;a” ckdOsm;s

;=ud b;du;a ckm%sh nj;a jgyd.;a

Tyq cjsfm yd B<. mshjr f,i hqO

ch.%yKfha whs;sh ;udgu mjrdf.k

ck;d jsuqla;s fmruqfKa ckdOsm;s Oqr

wfmaCIl f,i ckdOsm;sjrKhg taug;a” ckdOsm;sjrKh f;la ks, weoqfus flfia

fyda /oS isgsh hq;= nj;a ;SrKh lrk ,os’ hqOnsug fkd.sh;a” yels;rus udOHfjsoSka

msrsjrd wdrCIl j<,q 4 lska jglrf.k

hqO fufyhqus lrk m%foaY j, ks<OdrSka

yuqjSug f.dia oskm;d rEmjdysks j,ska

;u rEmh m%pdrh lsrSug;a” mqj;am;aj,

PdhdrEm m,lsrSug;a lghq;= lf,a fuys

tla mshjrla jYfhks’ ;jo rEmjdysks

idlpsPdj,os hqoaOh 95] lau ;ud l, nj

lshuska Wous wekSug;a” ush .sh rKjsrejka

20

.ekj;a ioyka fkdlr .=Kul=jSug;a

Tyq W;al=i jqfha tnejsks’

cjsfm Pkao ,CI fol muKla ,ndf.k

lsisoskl furfgys n,h ,nd.ekSug

fkdyels jq ;ek cjsfm kdhlhkaf.a

Wml%u u; tlai;a cd;sl mCIh

fuhg wEod.ekSug yelsjSu f*dkafiald

uy;df.a tla ;djld,sl ch.%yKhls’ tfukau hqO ch.%yKh wjidk wOshfrAoS

u;=jq cd;Hdka;r n,mEu m%fhdackhg

.ekSug tcdmh iu. ie,iqus lsrSug

ir;a f*dkafiald Wml%uYS,S jsh’ hqoaOfha

wjidkh fmkS fmkS wefursldj” ns%;dkH

we;=Ω ngysr rgj,a j,g m%Ndlrka

we;=Ω ;%ia; kdhlhska fnsrd.ekSug

Wjukd jq w;r” ta ioyd Wml%u fhoqfjs

ljo;a Tjqka yd tlajq tlai;a cd;sl

mCIh iu.h’ Tjqkaf.a n,mEu jqfha

hqoaOh flfia fyda kj;d ouk f,ihs’

tfy;a tjlg ckdOsm;s uyskao rdcmCI

ue;s;=ud” wdrCIl f,alus ;=ud” kdjsl” .=jka yuqodm;sjre iy hqO fmruqfKa

isgs ishΩu hqO yuqod fikam;shka isgsfha

hqoaOh flfia fyda wjika l, hq;=h hk

oevs ;SrKfhah’

;ksju nqÿqùu

hqoaOfha wjika wOshfrAoS uq,;sjs uqyqoq

;Srhg fldgqjS isgs fldgs ;%ia;jdoSkag

jglr myroSu ioyd uqyqoska n, weKs

f.dvneiaijSu msKsi kdjsl yuqodj

jsiska bosrsm;a lrk ,o ie,iqu ir;a

f*dkafiald uy;d jsiska tlfy,du

m%;sfCIam lf,ah’ ta ngysr rgj, ie,iqu

wkqj insuerSka f.kajd fyda fy,sfldmagrA

fhdod fyda fldgs kdhlhkag uqyqo

me;af;ka m,dhdug bv yerSugh’ ir;a

f*dkafiald uy;d fus ie,iqu Tyq nSnSiS

21

cd,h iu. l, idlpsPdjlos fy,sorjs

lf,a kdjsl yuqodfjs oqrAj,lu ksid

uqyqoska fldgss kdhlhska mek hd yels

nj mjiusks’ ta Tyqf.a .e,jSu ioyd

hqO yuqodj Bg j. lsj hq;= ke;s nj

fmkajSughs’

ta jk jsg ir;a f*dkafialdf.a weursldj

iu. ;snq l=uka;%Kh fy,sorjs jS

fkd;snqko” Tyqf.a jEhu m%Ndlrka yd

kdhlhska msrsig uqyqoska m,dhdug bvyerSu

nj foaYmd,k yd kdjsl yuqod kdhl;ajh

fydoska jgydf.k ;snqks’ hqoaOfha wjidk

wOshfrAos hqO” kdjsl yd .=jka yuqod w;r

b;d iuSm iusnkaO;djhla wjYH jqj;a

ir;a f*dkafialdf.a ksfhda.h jqfha lsisoq

hqO yuqod ks<Odrsfhla kdjsl yd .=jka

yuqod iu. iusnkaOlus fkdmeje;ajsh

hq;= njh’ fus ;;ajh jgyd.;a wdrCIl

f,alus ;=ud oskm;d hqO fmruqfKys isgs

hqO” kdjsl yd .=jka yuqod fifkjshka

iu. idlpsPd lr iusnkaOSlrKh

ish;g .;af;a ta ms<sno ,sLs;ju yuqod

uq,ia:dk fj; ksfhda. ksl=;a lrusks’ tfia fkdjkakg wo hqoaOfha ;;ajh uSg

jvd fjkia jkakg bv ;snqKs’

úrejka ì,soSu

hqO yuqod fiakdxl kef.kysr fjr,

;Srh osf.a mq,auqfvs isg uq,;sjs foig;a” k.rA fldajs,a isg uq,;sjs foig;a” ol=Kska

iy W;=rska .uka lf,ah’ fus iu.u uqyqfoa

rdcldrs lghq;= lsrSu ioyd kdjsl yuqod

jsfYaI hd;%d iy CIKsl jsysoqus hd;%d

lKavdhus khdre iy pqKavsl=,us l,mqj

fj; f.dia l%shdkajs; wdrusN lsrSug

W;aidy oerejo ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d

tajdg wjysr lf,a Tyqf.a l=uka;%Kh

widrA:l jk nejsks’ ta ioyd wkque;sh

22

,ndoqkafka wdrCIl uKav, /iajSfusos

ckdOsm;s;=udf.a ksfhda. u;h’ tfy;a

Tyq pqKavsl=,us l,mqfjs fudah lg udΩ

fndagsgq .s,ajd kdjsl hd;%d j,g hd

fkdyels fia jidoeuSug ;rus lDDr jsh’

m%Ndlrka uqyqoska mekhdu je,elajSu

ioyd kdjsl yuqodj uqΩ Yla;shu fhdojd” hd;%d 100 lg wOsl ixLHdjlska uq,;sjs

uqyqoq ;Srh jeg,Sh’ pqKavsl=,us iy pf,hs

hqO yuqod n,hg k;=jS ;snq w;r” ir;a

f*dkafiald uy;d kdjsl hd;%dj,g

fjr,g taug fkdfok f,i;a” kdjsl

finΩkag lEu” nSu yd c,h fkdfok

f,i;a tjlg tys isgs fiakdxldOsm;s

n%sf.avshrA m%ikak is,ajdg wK oS ;snqks’ tfy;a ch.%yKh ioyd lemjS isgs

n%sf.avshrA m%ikak is,ajd ryfiau ;u

fid,aodoqjkaf.a wdydr iy c,h kdjsl

finΩka fj; fnod oqks’

l=vd hd;%d j,g fjr,g taug ;snq ;yku

ksid tajd f.dvnsug wdikakfha uqyqfoa

kex.=rus,d ;enSug;a” wjYH wdydr” f;,a

,nd.ekSug f.dvg mSkd taug;a isoqjsh’ f.dvg meusK osh kd .;a kdjsl finΩka

rd;%sfha uqr ixpdrh ioyd hd;%d j,g

.sfha uqyqfoa mSkd f.diah’ Tjqka YS;,

rd;%sh .; lf,a ,qKq j;=frka f;;nrs;

jq weoqus yd hg weoqus iu.h’ fus ir;a

f*dkafiald uy;d wjika igkg iydh

oqka wdldrhhs’

igka nsfus wjika i;s lSmh ;=, hqO

yuqodfjs ush .sh ks<OdrSka iy finΩkaf.a

ixLHdj b;d by,h’ l,mq j, m%jdykhg

iy c,h wdY%S; ndOl ch.ekSug kdjsl

yuqodfjs jsfYaI mqyqKqj ,;a myiqlus

iys; jsfYaI hd;%d n,>Kh fhojSug

igka fmruqfKa isgs hqO yuqod fikam;shka

b,a,d isgsho” ir;a f*dkafiald tu

23

fhdackd m%;sfCIam lf,a \lShla uereK;a

lula keye fkajs tl .dj.kak tmd\ lshusks’ ta fmr isgu hqoaOh ;ud muKla

oskq nj rgg mejiSug wjYHj ;snq nejsks’ igka nsfus isgs fifkjshkag lka oqkafka

kus ;j;a jgskd fin, cSjs; fndfyda

.Kkla fnsrd.ekSug ;snqks’

osjs msoq jsrejkaf.a cSjs; j, lsisoq

jgskdlula ir;a f*dkafialdg fkd;snq

njg fndfyda idCIs we;’ Tyq igka nsfus

idrA:l;ajh” tvs;rlu uekafka ush hk

finΩkaf.a ixLHdj yd ixikaOkh lrusks’ Tyq fiakdxldOSm;Skaf.ka f;dr;=re

jsuik jsg wikafka \Tfyaf.a fmruqfKa

wfma Wka lShla uereko\ lshdh’ uerek

ixLHdj ixikaOkd;aulj wvq kus \wehs

TShs ;uqfif.a Tpspr wvqfjka uerefka

wksla n%Sf.avs tfla fupspr uers,d ;sfhoaos’ ;uqfia miai .yf.k bkak we;s’ biairyg

.shd kus ;uqfiaf.a Wkq;a uefrkak tmdhE

Thsg jevsh\ hkqfjka weiSu Tyqf.a iqmqreoq

osk prAhdfjs fldgils’

wka whf.a ms<sl=,

ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d Tyq jgd isgs

lsisfjl= jsYajdi lf,a ke;’ ;udf.au

wOsiydhl ks<Odrshdj;a ^ta’vS’iS’& jsYajdi

fkdlf,a Tjqkag ;srsikqkag fuka ie,l=

fyhsks’ hqO yuqodfjs fuscrA fckrd,a

ks,hg Wiia jq jsg ta’vS’iS’ flfkla

,efnk w;r” idudkHfhka jsY%du hk ;=re

ta’vS’iS’ jreka udrejkafka tlaflfkla fyda

fokafkla muKs’ Tjqka ks<Odrshdg yqre

mqreoq jk ksid ks;r udre lrkafka ke;’ fckrd,a f*dkafiald fus iusnkaOj .skia

jdrA:djg ysuslus lshhs’ Tyqg fiajh

fldg we;s ta’vS’iS’ jrekaf.a .Kk 23 ls’ ta Tjqka ish,af,dau Tyq <. fiajh l,

24

fkdyels ksid fiajfhka mek .sh ksid” b,a,d udrejS .sh ksid fyda mhska .id

mekakq fyhsks’ fus kus ,ehsia;=j hqO

yuqod uq,ia:dkfhka ,nd .; yel' Tyq

;j;a .Skia jdrA:djla ;nd we;' ta Tyqg

jsreoaOj we;s udkj ysuslus W,a,x>k kvq

46 ksidh'

150”000 isgsk hqO yuqodfjs fuscrA

fckrd,ajreka fofofkl= iy n%Sf.

avshrAjre y;rfofkl= yer iuia: hqO

yuqod ixy;shu ir;a f*dkafiald iu.

wukdmfhka isgsfhah' ldka;d fin<shka

w;f,diaila yer iuia: fid,aodoqjkau

isgsfha oevs wm%idofhks' wdrCIl udKav,sl

m%Odks f,i m;ajq jsg Tyq hgf;a fiajhg

m;a l, ishΩu ks<OdrSka wlue;a;

m%ldY lr isgs w;r” hqO yuqodm;sf.a

ueosy;ajSfuka ks<Odrska tu ia:dkhg

nf,ka fuka wkqhqla; lf,ah' kdjsl yd

.=jka yuqod ks<OdrSkao Tyq hgf;a fiajh

lsrSu tlfy,du m%;sfCIam lf,ah'

;ud usksiqkag i,lk wdldrh .ek okakd

ksidu Tyqg wka wh jsYajdi ke;s jSu

idOdrKh’ ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d msg

l|jqrlg rdcldrshla ioyd .sh jsg tu

ia:dk j,ska j;=r fndkafka jsI weoaoehs

mrSCId lsrSfuka wk;=rejh’ ta ioyd Tyq

mrSCIK WmlrK f.khkafka ke;’ j;=r

fcda.=j Tyq bosrshg f.k js;a thska m<uq

jSoqrej wi, isgsk fid,aodoqfjl=g nSug oS

Tyqg fmak f;la udkfha iSrefjka isgSug

ie,eiajSfuka c,fha jsI ke;s nj fidhd.

kS’ ir;a f*dkafiald j;=r fndkafka

bka jskdvs lSmhlg miqjh’ oskla ir;a

f*dkafialdg j;=r oqka jSoqrefjs fin,df.a

we.s,s ie,l=Kq ;snSu fya;=fjka lsmqk

ir;a f*dkafiald wysxil fid,aodoqjdf.a

uqyqKg j;=r jSoqrefjka .eiSh' uqyqfKa

25

kdih iy ol=Kq weihg iy ueyqus 6 la

oeuSug isoqjsh' wei fnsrefka wkqkjfhks'

mrdchka

ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d l:d lrkafka

hqO nsfus os.gu ch.%yK muKla ,;a

fifkjsfhl= f,ih’ tfy;a Tyq hqOnsfus

uyd mrdchkago j. lsj hq;=h’ uSg jir

lSmhlg fmr w,suxlv l|jqr w;yer

miqnisk f,i wKoqkafka Tyqh’ miqnisk

fiakdxlfha 400 g wOsl msrsila iuq,

>d;kh jqfha Tjqkg ksis iydhla ,nd

kqoqka ksidh’ je,sTh .cndmqr mdrusmrsl

isxy, .usudkh w;yer miqneiSug

wKoqkafkao fudyqh' lhsgsia 2 jk iafjspsPd

n,weKsfha finΩka 100 la >d;kh lr

wKfok ks<Odrs urd fldfydU .il

t,a,qfjs ir;a f*dkafialdf.a wKil

hgf;a ;snshoSh’

hqO yuqodfjs iodld,sl wKfokakd” lemS fmfkkakd jSfus woyiska isgs fudyq

oialus md fmrg wd” meiiqug ,lajq

fndfyda fcAHIaG ks<OdrSkag mkak mkakd

myroqkafka” Tjqkaf.a cSjs; iusmqrAKfhkau

jskdY lf,a ;ud muKla ch.%yKfha

whs;sh ;ksju Wreu lr.; hq;=hehs hk

ye.Sfuka jev l, ksidh’ ;udf.a we;s

wuklu ksid WiiajSus iy udrejSus ioyd

;u nsrso f*dkafialdg ns,s oqka ks<OdrSka

fukau ;u ieushdf.a WiiajSu oshqKqj

m;d ;u m;sj; f*dkafialdg mqcd l,

nsrskaoEjre .eko yuqodj ;=, m%p,s;

l:d we;'

¥IKh iy jxpdj

ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d Okh /ialsrSug;a” rcfha wruqo,a j,ska hemSug;a b;d .scq

njla olajkafkls' Tyqf.a oshKshka

fofokdu weursldjg hjd wOHdmkh

26

,ndoqkafkah’ weursldfjs Tlaf,dafydaud

k.rfha iqmsrs ksjdi follg ysuslus

lshk w;r” oshKshka fofokdgu wOs

iqfmdaLfNda.S jdyk follau ;E.S jYfhka

,ndoS we;' yuqodm;s jSug fndfyda fmr” rcfha ieg,hsgs oqrl:khlska weursldfjs

isgsk oshKshkag iy tx.,ka;fha isgs

fmusj;shlg l:d lsrSu ioyd oqrl:k

ns, remsh,a us,shk 4'9 la olajd by,

hdu tl, uqΩ uy;a rg ;=,u m%isoaO jsh’

fndausnfhka ;=jd, jq jsg oqjreka fofokdg

uqo,a hejqfjs rcfha wruqo,a j,sks’ ta tla

oqjlg uilg remsh,a 150”000$= ne.sks’ jsY%du hdfusos jsfYaI lenskgs wkque;shla

u; Tyqg remsh,a ,CI 440 la jgskd

iqfmdaLfNda.S r:hla ,ndoqkafka Tyqf.a

oevs wdhdpkh u;h’ ;%SjsO yuqodm;sjreka

fj; rcfha bvus lene,a,la oqka jsg

mrApia 10 la m%udKj;a fkdjk nj lshd

wvq ;ruska mrApia 25 la j;a wjYH nj

;oskau lshd isgsfhao ir;a f*dkafiald

uy;d muKs’ tys jgskdlu remsh,a fldags

10 ls'

ir;a f*dkafialdf.a jevsuy,a oshKsh

jsjdy isgskafka jsY%dusl n%sf.avshrA

;s,lr;akf.a mq;% Okqk ;s,lr;ak

iu.h' Tyq i;=j weursldfjs \yhsfldama\ kuska iud.ula wdrusN lr we;' hqO

yuqodm;s jsiska Tyqg mejrs we;s n,h wkqj

remsh,a us,shk 25 g wvq ishΩu us,oS.

ekSus lrk ,oafoa fus iud.u yrydh'

;jo mlsia:dkfha iy pSkfha fkdrskafld

iud.fuka us<oS.;a iEu WKavhlskau

fvd,rA Y; 2 la ̂re 2$= la& iy ld,;=jlal=

WKavhlska fvd,rA 20 la ^re 2000$= la&

Okqk ;s,lr;akf.a weursldkq nexl=

.sKqula we;s \fpsia uekayegka\ nexl=fjs

Tlaf,dafydaud YdLdfjs ;ekam;a jS we;'

27

ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d uqyuf,a wdrCIl

l,dmfha isg fkdlvjd ld,;=jlal=

WKav ,CI 4 la m;a;=lsrSu yd fuh w;r

iusnkaOhla we;ehs ks<OdrSka mji;s'

ffjrh yd m<s.ekSï

ir;a f*dkafiald lrAk,a ks,fhaoS cSj;ajqfka

iusgs ksjdi j,h' hdno ksjfia isgs fuscrA

ksu,a chiqrsh uy;df.a rshoqre jdykh

miqmig .ksoaoS ir;a f*dkafialdf.a n,q

megjl= hgjS ush.sfhah' ir;a f*dkafiald

rshoqre fid,aodoqjd osk 60 la isr.;

fldg /lshdfjka fkrmk f,i n,mEus

l,o” fuscrA chiqrsh thg tl. fkdjSh'

miqj f*dkafiald uy;df.a re' us,shk

4'9 l cd;Hdka;r oqrl:k ns, iusnkaO

mrSCIKfha iNdm;s jYfhka lghq;=

lsrSu iusnkaOjo ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d

ksu,a chiqrsh iu. ffjr nekafoah' uSg

m<s.ekSula jYfhka WiiajSu fkdoqka miq

ksu,a chiqrsh Widjs ksfhda.hla u.ska

fuscrA fckrd,a WiiajSu ,nd.;s' tfy;a

miqj Tyq ksjdvq .sh miq ks, ksji ;=,g

wjs iy m;frdus oud fndre fpdaokd u;

jeroslre lr” ksu,a chiqrsh yuqodfjka

wialf,ah' Tyq b;d oCI wjxl fukau

yeuf.a f.!rjhg md;% jq ks<Odrsfhls'

kef.kysr uqod.;a igkg wK oqkafka

kef.kysr wdrCIl fiakdm;s fuscrA

fckrd,a mkaksmsgsh iy fiakdm;ska jk

fuscrA fckrd,a ohd r;akdhl iy n%sf.

avshrA m%ikak is,ajdh' kj ixl,am wkqj

fufyh jq fuu igk idrA:lj ch.;a

miq w;s.re ckdOsm;s;=ud fuu ks<Odrska

ckm;s ueoqrg leojd m%Yxid lf,ah'

fus ms<snoj WrK jq ir;a f*dkafiald

uy;d Tjqka yd ffjr neo.;a w;r

ohd r;akdhl yd m%ikak is,ajd iemhqus

28

rdcldrs j,g udre lr hejSh' mrdl%u

mkaksmsgsh fckrd,ajrhdgo fkdue;s

jeros mgjd Tyqo wksjdrAh ksjdvq u;

hejSh'

lrAk,a lms, r;akdhl ir;a

f*dkafialdf.a ys;jf;l= jqfha Tyqg

mrsyrKh ioyd ldka;djka f.kjs;a

fok ksidh' wjidkfha lms, r;akdhlg

isoqjqfha Tyqf.a wkshus nsrsola jk” mek.

sh yuqod fin<shla jk f,fkdardo

ir;a f*dkafialf.a iekiSu ioyd

,ndoSugh' weh f*dkafialdf.a ksjfia

isg wdmiq /f.k hoaoS mdkaor cdufha

fld<U k.rfhaos jdykh yosis wk;=rlg

Ndckh jS ks<Odrshdf.a iy mek .sh

fin<shf.a ll=,a levS ryi fy,sorjs

jsh' fuh mqj;am;a u.skao m%pdrh jsh'

fuu jskh jsfrdaOs l%shdj iusnkaOj

mrSCIKh meje;ajqfha fuscrA fckrd,a

pkao%jxYh' jro ms<s.;a lrAk,a lms,

r;akdhl yuqodfjka wiaflrsK' tfy;a

yuqodm;s jq jydu ir;a f*dkafiald

fuscrA fckrd,a pkao%jxY lkalika;=rh

jrdfha kejs j,ska nvq nEu” megjSu

wOSCIKh ioyd fhdojk ,os' b;d oCI” lSrA;su;a” fcAHIaG” igkansfus chflfy,s

kxjd molalus oskd isgs jsfYaI n,ldfha

fldudkafvda mqyqKqj ,;a ks<Odrsfhl= jq

fckrd,a pkao%jxY oevs l,lsrSfuka hq;=j

yuqod fiajfhka b,a,d wiajsh'

wudkqIsl;ajh

2002 jifrA hdmkh wdrCIl fiakdOsm;s

f,i fiajh lrk ld,h ;=, ks<Odrs

ksjdi l<uKdlrej isgsfha ,q;skka

29

iqukfiakh' oskla lEug ;snq flda,sl=gsgq

f.vshla yrsyegs boS fkd;snSu ksid

flaka;sfhka ks<Odrshdg myr oS” fusih

hgg oud flda,sl=gsgq wejrshu tljr

ljk ,os' bkamiq Tyq t;ekska udre lr

oeuSh' ,q;skka iqukfiakf.ka miq ks<Odrs

ksjdifha l<uKdlre f,i wdfjs ,q;skka

jE;,djhs' ta jk jsg Tyqf.a jevsuy,a

fidhqre lms;dka jE;,dj igkansfus osjs

mqod ;snqks' oskla lEfuka miq wU lmd ;snq

ms.dfka ieris,a,la f,i wU fldgsgho

fkd;snSfus fya;=fjka Tyqg myr oS

wksjdrAh ksjdvq u; fiajfhka bj;a lrk

,os'

bka wk;=rej ks<Odrs ksjdi l<uKdlre

f,i m;aj wdfjs lms;dka iuka o is,ajdh'

Tyqgo gsl l,la we;=,; myr oS mkakd

oeuq w;r Tyqo wksjdrAh ksjdvq u;

fiajfhka bj;a lrk ,oS' Bg fya;=j jqfha

f*dkafiald uy;df.a jshyshous fjk;a

mqoa.,hska u; megjSug wlue;sjSu ms<sno

m%Yakhla u;h' fuscrA fckrd,a ir;a

f*dkafiald wfkl=;a ks<OdrSkag iy

finΩkag oqka wdydr lsisoskl .kafka

ke;' \ug Th crdj tmd\ lshd tajd

m%;sfCIam lf,ah' ishΩu wdydr fjkuu

.=jka u.ska fld<U isg f.kajd .kakd

,oS' Tyqf.a udisl wdydr ns, re' 50”000'00 blau jq w;r” ks;Hdkql+,j fmdf;ys

igyka jqfha re' 300000 lg wvqfjks'

b;srs uqo,a rdcldrs u; meusfKk rcfha

ksfhdacs; uKav,j, jshous u.ska mshjd.

kakg ks<OdrSkag Wmfoia oS ;snqks'

jsjsO fya;=ka u; wkjirfhka yuqod

fiajh w;yer.sh ;%sjsO yuqod mqoa.,hska

w;awvx.=jg .ekSfuka fyda NdrjSfuka

miq Tjqkag ovqjus oS ksjeros lsrSu

fyda fiajfhka my lsrSu yuqod jskh

30

mj;ajdf.k hdug w;HdjYH lreKls'

tfy;a Tjqkag ffjrfhka osh yels Wmrsu

ovqju kshu lsrSu idudkHfhka isoq

fkdfjs' hqoaOh ksud jk jsg hqO yuqodj

jsiska ir;a f*dkafialdf.a wK u;

nrm;, jev we;sj nkaOkd.dr .; lr

;snq ixLHdj ks<Odrska 136 la yd finΩka

4355 ls' kdjsl yd .=jka yuqod j, tla

wfhla j;a nkaOkd.dr .; lr ;snqfka

ke;' fuh w.ue;s;=ud mdrA,sfuska;=fjs

fok ms<s;=rlska Wmqgd .eksk' fuu ishΩ

fokdu ckm;s;=udf.a ksfhda.hla u;

ksoyia lf,ah'

ngysrg .e;slu

.ul idudkH mjq,l bmoqko ir;a

f*dkafiald l%u l%ufhka uq, wu;l

lr ngysr mkakhg ;oska mqreoq jqfjls'

wdydrmdk” weoqus me<oqus yd isrs;a jsrs;a

ngysr me;a;gu nrjsh' irula weoSu

k;r lr ta fjkqjg ksok ldur lndhla

weoSug;a” yekafoka .Eremamqfjka lEug;a

mqreoq jq w;r” wosk m<osk weoqus wdhs;a;us

ish,a,u tx.,ka;h yd wefursldfjka

wdkhkh l, tajd jsh' tmuKla fkdj

iqmsrs me,eka;shg muKla f.!rj lrk

Tyq .usokjs j,ska meusKs ks<OdrSkag” fid,aodoqjkag ie,l=fjs w;m,af,ka .sh

Wkag fuks' fndfydafofkl= jsiska Tyq

ms<sl=,a l, m%Odk fya;=jla jqfha thhs'

uE;os mqj;am;a u.ska m,jq msx;=rhl ir;a

f*dkafiald uy;d ks, ksji ;=, b;d

jgskd ve,afusIka jrA.fha rg n,af,l=

iqr;,a lrkjd oel.kakg ,enqks' ta

Tyqf.a i;aj lreKdj fmkajSu ioyd

jqjo we;a; th fkdfjs' hk hk ks, ksji

fj; b;d jgskd n,af,l= /f.k hk Tyq

31

m%:ufhka lrkafka ta lojqre y;ros.aNd.

fhau isgsk n,a,ka iuq, >d;kh lrk

f,ihs' ks<Odrska iy finΩka iqr;,a

lrk” ys,EjS we;s tl n,af,la j;a b;srs

lsrSug fkdfokafka Tjqkaf.ka ;udf.a rg

n,a,dg frda. fndajsh yels nj mjiusks'

cjsfm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jq yuqod

l=uka;%Kh widrA:l jq miq osh;a lr

we;s fuu l=uka;%Khg oek fyda fkdoek

tcdmho iydh fohs’ uE;los ir;a

f*dkafiald uy;d weursldjg f.dia

ckdOsm;sjrKhg fmkS isgSug wjYH

wjirh iy uqo,a weursldkq rdcHfhka

,ndf.k meusKsfha oskqfjd;a ckdOsm;s

jS weursldjg rsis mrsos rg md,kh

lrkakgh’ mrdch jqjfyd;a weursldjg

wjYH mrsos fuu rg f,dalh yuqfjs mdjdoS

wm rfgs hqO jsrejka cd;Hdka;r hqO

wOslrKhg f.khdugh’ Tjqkg wjk;

fkdjq ckdOsm;s uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=ud

fmdarlhg hejSugh’

ir;a f*dkafiald jsiska 1989 NSIK

iufha b;du;a wudkqIsl f,i cjsfm

idudcslhska urd oeuq yegs cjsfm oeka

fkdokakdfia isgs cjsfm idudcslhka jooS

urdoeuqjd muKla fkdj bka wk;=rej

mjq,a j, isgs iqrEmS nsrskaoEjre” fidhqrshka

iy oshKshka f*dkafiald Tyqf.a lusiem

ioyd mrsyrkhg f.k Tyqf.a fiiq

ks<OdrSkago finΩkago ta wmrdO lsrSug

bvoS n,disgsfhah'

fujr Pkaoh oSug fmr ie,lsh hq;=

m%Odku lreK jkafka ;ud Pkaoh

mdjspsps lrk mqoa.,hd f,dal OrAuhg

wkqj fydo fkdfydo okakjdo hkak .ek

fidhd ne,Suhs’ usksia cSjs; j, jgskdlu” usksiqkaf.a oql” idrOrAu” l, .=K yoqkk

mqoa.,fhl=o hkakhs’

32

f,a iqj| fydoska yqre mqreoq cjsfm Tjqkg lsisoskl m%cd;ka;%jdoSj ,nd.ekSug fkdyels n,h ,nd.ekSug jsjsO wdldrfhka orK W;aidyfha ;=kajk wjia:dj jk fuu ckm;sjrKfhaos rfgs nqoaOsu;a ck;dj fujr b;d nqoaOsu;aj Pkaoh Ndjs;d l< hq;=j we;’ tu.ska wm rg ksoyia m%cd;ka;%jdos rgla f,i ;sfnkjdo” ke;akus W.kavdj fuka n,fhka Wu;= jq” nsysiqKq yuqod wd{dodhlfhl= nsyslr fus idulduS foaYh kej;;a f,a js,la lrkjdo hkak ;SrKh jkq we;’

i;H f;dr;=re weiqfrks'