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• Pearl Sydenstricker Buck (June 26, 1892 – March 6, 1973) also known by her Chinese name Sai Zhenzhu (Chinese: 賽珍珠; pinyin: Sài Zhēnzhū), was an American writer who spent most of her time until 1934 in China. Her novel The Good Earth was the best-selling fiction book in the U.S. in 1931 and 1932, and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932. In 1938, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces.

• Pearl Buck was born in Hillsboro, West Virginia to Caroline Stulting (1857–1921) and Absalom Sydenstricker. Her parents, Southern Presbyterian missionaries, traveled to China soon after their marriage on July 8, 1880, but returned to the United States for Pearl's birth. When Pearl was three months old, the family returned to China to be stationed first in Zhenjiang (then often known as Jingjiang or, in the Postal Romanization, Tsingkiang).Pearl was raised in a bilingual environment, tutored in English by her mother and in classical Chinese by a Mr. Kung.

• Chinese man in Zhenjiang, c. 1900• The Boxer Uprising greatly affected Pearl and family; their Chinese friends

deserted them, and Western visitors decreased.• In 1911, Pearl left China to attend Randolph-Macon Woman's College in

Virginia, US,graduating Phi Beta Kappa in 1914 and a member of Kappa Delta Sorority. From 1914 to 1933, she served as a Presbyterian missionary, but her views later became highly controversial in the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy, leading to her resignation.

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• In 1914, Pearl returned to China. She married an agricultural economist, John Lossing Buck (hereafter in this article Pearl Buck is referred to simply as 'Buck'), on May 13, 1917, and they moved to Suzhou, Anhui Province, a small town on the Huai River (not to be confused with the better-known Suzhou in Jiangsu Province). It is this region she described later in The Good Earth and Sons.

• From 1920 to 1933, the Bucks made their home in Nanking (Nanjing), on the campus of Nanjing University, where both had teaching positions. Buck taught English literature at the University of Nanjing and the Chinese National University. In 1920, the Bucks had a daughter, Carol, afflicted with phenylketonuria. In 1921, Buck's mother died and shortly afterward her father moved in. In 1924, they left China for John Buck's year of sabbatical and returned to the United States for a short time, during which (Pearl) Buck earned her Masters degree from Cornell University. In 1925, the Bucks adopted Janice (later surnamed Walsh). That autumn, they returned to China.

• The tragedies and dislocations that Buck suffered in the 1920s reached a climax in March 1927, during the "Nanking Incident." In a confused battle involving elements of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist troops, Communist forces, and assorted warlords, several Westerners were murdered. Since her father Absalom was a missionary, the family decided to stay in Nanjing until the battle reached the city. When violence broke out, a poor Chinese family allowed them to hide in their hut while the family house was looted. The family spent a day terrified and in hiding, after which they were rescued by American gunboats. They traveled to Shanghai and then sailed to Japan, where they stayed for a year. They later moved back to Nanjing, though conditions remained dangerously unsettled. In 1934, they left China permanently.

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• In 1935 the Bucks were divorced. Richard Walsh, president of the John Day Company and her publisher, became Pearl Buck's second husband. Walsh offered her advice and affection which, her biographer concludes, "helped make Pearl's prodigious activity possible." The couple lived in Pennsylvania until his death in 1960.[7]

• During the Cultural Revolution Buck, as a preeminent American writer of Chinese peasant life, was denounced as an "American cultural imperialist." Buck was "heartbroken" when Madame Mao and high-level Chinese officials prevented her from visiting China with Richard Nixon in 1972.[8]

• Pearl S. Buck died of lung cancer on March 6, 1973 in Danby, Vermont and was interred in Green Hills Farm in Perkasie, Pennsylvania. She designed her own tombstone. The grave marker is inscribed with Chinese characters representing the name Pearl Sydenstricker

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民國初年的鎮江苦力

中國現在的礦工

• 29 April 1962  Dinner for the Nobel Prize Winners of the Western Hemisphere. L-R: Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson, Pearl Buck, President Kennedy, Mrs. Kennedy, Robert Frost, guests. White House, East Room. Photograph by Robert Knudsen, White House, in the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston.

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• Buck was highly committed and passionate about a range of issues that were largely ignored by her generation; many of her life experiences and political views are described in her novels, short stories, fiction, children's stories, and the biographies of her parents entitled Fighting Angel (on Absalom) and The Exile (on Carrie). She wrote on a diverse variety of topics including woman's rights, Asian cultures, immigration, adoption, missionary work, and war.

• In 1949, outraged that existing adoption services considered Asian and mixed-race children unadoptable, Buck established Welcome House, Inc., the first international, interracial adoption agency. In nearly five decades of work, Welcome House has placed over five thousand children. In 1964, to support children who were not eligible for adoption, Buck established the Pearl S. Buck Foundation to "address poverty and discrimination faced by children in Asian countries." In 1965, she opened the Opportunity Center and Orphanage in South Korea, and later offices were opened in Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam. When establishing Opportunity House, Buck said, "The purpose... is to publicize and eliminate injustices and prejudices suffered by children, who, because of their birth, are not permitted to enjoy the educational, social, economic and civil privileges normally accorded to children."

• In the late 1960s, Buck toured West Virginia to raise money to preserve her family farm in Hillsboro, WV. Today The Pearl S. Buck Birthplace is a historic house museum and cultural center. She hoped the house would "belong to everyone who cares to go there," and serve as a "gateway to new thoughts and dreams and ways of life."

• Long before it was considered fashionable or politically safe to do so, Buck challenged the American public on topics such as racism, sex discrimination and the plight of the thousands of babies born to Asian women left behind and unwanted wherever American soldiers were based in Asia. During her life Buck combined the multiple careers of wife, mother, author, editor and political activist.Peals Buck’s birthplace

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• Contemporary reviewers were positive, and praised her "beautiful prose," even though her "style is apt to degenerate into overrepetition and confusion." Peter Conn, in his biography of Buck, argues that despite the accolades awarded to her, Buck's contribution to literature has been mostly forgotten or deliberately ignored by America's cultural gatekeepers. Kang Liao argues that Buck played a "pioneering role in demythologizing China and the Chinese people in the American mind."Phyllis Bentley, in an overview of her work published in 1935, was altogether impressed: "But we may say at least that for the interest of her chosen material, the sustained high level of her technical skill, and the frequent universality of her conceptions, Mrs. Buck is entitled to take rank as a considerable artist. To read her novels is to gain not merely knowledge of China but wisdom about life." These works aroused considerable popular sympathy for China, and helped foment poor relations with Japan.

• Anchee Min, author of a fictionalized life of Pearl Buck, broke down upon reading Buck's work, because she had portrayed the Chinese peasants "with such love, affection and humanity"."

• Buck was honored by the United States Postal Service with a 5¢ Great Americans series postage stamp.[citation needed] In 1999 she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.

• ( 賽珍珠故居 ) Buck's former residence at Nanjing University is now the Nanjing University Science and Technology Industry Group Building along the West Wall of the university's north campus. U.S. President George H.W. Bush toured the Pearl S. Buck House in October 1998. He expressed that he, like millions of other Americans, had gained an appreciation for the Chinese through Buck's writing.

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• 賽珍珠（ Pearl Sydenstricker Buck 或 Pearl Buck ）（ 1892 年 6 月 26 日－ 1973 年3 月 6 日），直譯珀爾 · 巴克，美國作家。 1932年借其小說《大地》（ The Good Earth ），成為第一位獲得普利茲小說獎的女性； 1938年獲諾貝爾文學獎。她也是唯一同時獲得普利茲獎和諾貝爾獎的女作家，作品流傳語種最多的美國作家。

• 1892 年 6 月 26 日，賽珍珠出生在美國西維吉尼亞州，父親是美南長老會的傳教士賽兆祥（ Absalom Sydenstricker ， 1852年— 1931年），父母親在她出生 4 個月時一同來到中國江蘇清江浦（今淮安市主城區），後來搬到鎮江，住在潤州山長老會潤州中學的平房裡；在那裡長大成人，她是先學會漢語和習慣中國風俗（特別受益於其老師「孔先生」）後，她母親才教她英語。值得一提的是，從幼年起，她就在鼓勵中開始寫作。

• 1910年，賽珍珠離開中國，到美國維吉尼亞州倫道夫·梅康女子學院（ Randolph-Macon Woman's College ）學習。於 1914年獲得了學位之後，她又回到中國，並且在1917年嫁紿了一名農業經濟學家，約翰·洛辛·卜凱（ John Lossing Buck ）。隨後他們舉家移居到安徽北部的宿縣，在此期間的生活經歷成為後來聞名世界的《大地》的素材。在 1921 年底她的母親去世後，全家遷到南京，賽珍珠則在金陵大學教授英語文學，並兼執教於南高、東大和中大時期南京大學英語系。 1921年，他們有了女兒卡羅（ Carol ）；不幸的是，這個女孩患有苯丙酮尿症（ Phenylketonuria ）。1925年，她收養了賈尼斯（ Janice ，後改姓Walsh ），之後又接著收養了 8 個孩子。1926年，她小別中國，到美國的康乃爾大學攻讀藝術碩士學位。旋即回到中國南京。

Pearl Buck with Her Family, 1939

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• 1930年，賽珍珠出版了她的第一部作品《東風：西風》，從而開始了她的寫作事業。 1931年，她寫了她最著名的小說《大地》，這部小說被認為是她最傑出的作品之一。農民王龍的生活故事使她於 1932年獲得了普利茲獎。她的事業從此蒸蒸日上，並於 1935年獲得了威廉·迪·豪威爾勳章。

• 賽珍珠墓石• 然而， 1934年中國政局陷入了混亂，賽珍珠被迫離開中國。她回到了美國，這時她的丈夫向

她提出了離婚，她同意了。之後又嫁給了約翰·戴爾出版公司的總裁里查德·威爾什，並且又收養了六個孩子。在完成了描寫其父母的作品《流亡》和《搏鬥的天使》之後，她於1938年獲得了諾貝爾文學獎。曾任美國作家協會主席。

• 在她的一生中，賽珍珠創作了超過 100 部文學作品，其中最著名的就是《大地》。她作品的題材包括小說，短篇故事，劇本和兒童故事。她的作品和生活有著緊密的聯繫。她試圖向她的讀者證明：只要願意接受，人類是存在著廣泛的共同性的。她的作品主題涵養了女性、情感（廣義的）、亞洲、移民、領養和人生際遇。

• 1973年3月6日賽珍珠于于佛蒙特州的丹比(Danby ， Vermont) 逝世，葬於賓夕法尼亞州普凱西的綠山農場。

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• 賽珍珠生前曾入籍中國，對中國有深厚的感情。 1937年抗日戰爭爆發後，為中國人民的反侵略戰爭奔走。許許多多美國人正是通過賽珍珠的小說了解到中國，為中國人民的抗日戰爭解囊相助。

• 她出生在基督傳教士家庭，但卻反對傳教。在中國、美國許多地方，她公開聲稱她極為討厭那些「喋喋不休的佈道」，說傳教士佈道只會「扼殺思想，蠱惑人心，在中國教會裡製造出一批偽君子」。

• 賽珍珠有許多中國好友，包括徐志摩、林語堂、胡適等人。賽珍珠邀請林語堂在美國發表作品，後來林的《吾國與吾民》在美國一砲而紅。林語堂因發表中國打字機破產，曾向賽珍珠借錢遭到拒絕，兩人在美國打起出版官司，最後形同陌路。 1954 年 10 月，林語堂出任南洋大學校長前夕，曾打電報向賽珍珠報告，賽珍珠沒回電報。林語堂說一句話；「我認識了一個美國人 !」

• 由於她堅定反對共產主義和中共的立場，中華人民共和國政府成立後她的作品在中國大陸長期被打壓，並受到大陸文化界的攻擊。 1972年美國總統尼克森訪華兩個月後，賽珍珠也向新聞媒體宣布自己即將訪華，但隨後遭到中華人民共和國政府拒絕。

• 在中國江西九江廬山、江蘇鎮江、安徽宿州、南京大學，至今保存著當年賽珍珠生活過的故居。

• 1990年代晚期，中美兩國展開了一系列圍繞賽珍珠的文化交流。 2001年羅燕改編賽珍珠小說《群芳庭》並自己擔任女主角，由好萊塢環球電影公司和北京電影製片廠聯合攝製的電影《庭院裡的女人》在中國和美國同時公演。

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• 賽珍珠故居 ( 鎮江 ) 是美國作家賽珍珠（ Pearl S. Buck ）在中國江蘇鎮江的故居，位於潤州山路 6號。

• 賽珍珠在鎮江共生活了 18 年。• 1887 年，賽珍珠的父親，美南長老會（ American Presbyterians (South) ， PS ）

傳教士賽兆祥（ Absalom Sydenstricker ， 1852 年— 1931 年）來到鎮江，隨後渡江北上前往清江浦開闢美南長老會江北教區（ North Kiangsu Mission ）。傳教活動異常艱辛，卡羅琳在中國共生了四個孩子，有三個都死於當時無法防治的「熱病」，於是她被送回美國西維吉尼亞休養，期間她生下唯一長大的女兒賽珍珠。 1892 年 10月，賽兆祥夫婦帶著 4 個月的女兒回到清江浦。後來，賽兆祥調往鎮江，在潤州山創辦男子學校潤州中學，賽兆祥一家住在山上一幢平房裡，賽珍珠就在那裡長大成人，學會了漢語和習慣了中國風俗，然後她母親才教她英語。也是在那裡，她在鼓勵聲中開始寫作。此處故居已經拆除。 1907年，賽珍珠離開鎮江前往上海和美國學習。

• 1914年，南長老會在登雲山頂為賽兆祥新建了東印度建築風格的二層樓，至今保存完好。同年，賽珍珠在美國獲得了學位之後，又回到中國鎮江，任教於崇實女中、潤州中學。 1917 年嫁給在南京金陵大學任教的農業經濟學家約翰·洛辛·布克，離開了鎮江。

• 1925 年，卡羅琳在鎮江逝世，葬於鎮江洋人公墓，因此賽兆祥也調任南京，離開鎮江。 1931 年在江西廬山去世。

• 2002 年 10 月，鎮江賽珍珠故居被列為江蘇省文物保護單位。

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• Imperial woman is one of the mastery works of Pearl S. Buck. She once again captivates the audience with intriguing adventure and exploration of the ancient China through a single woman. Imperial Woman is like the title, fictionalized autobiography of Ci-Xi or Tz’U His, the empress of the wade-Giles. The story starts off with Ci-Xi going in to the palace as a concubine of the XianFeng Emperor of Great China. Even at an early age of 17 years old, she was manipulative, dominating, and perhaps even wicked. Tzu His was born into one of the poor noble ranks in the imperial dynasty. According to the custom, at the age of the seventeen, she moved to the Forbidden City, and became one of the hundreds of concubines. But her unique and dominating power and undeniable beauty quickly gets her up to the consort of the empress. On the death bed of Xian Fend Emperor, she supposedly became a head o the Qing Dynasty in 1908. She was feared in many courts, but adored by the peasants. Buck’s detailed knowledge of the self-involved, and infamous last empress of china, and seeming realistic story of china’s struggle for freedom and democracy takes the readers to inescapable fascination.

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• 賽珍珠故居位於南京市鼓樓區的南京大學北園內，是美國作家賽珍珠（ Pearl S. Buck ）在南京的故居。

• 1919 年起，賽珍珠和她的丈夫、農業經濟學家約翰·洛辛·布克（ John Lossing Buck ）及家人居住於此，直至 1934 年。在這裡度過的十多年間，她完成了處女作《放逐》和後來獲得諾貝爾文學獎的小說《大地》等許多作品。

• 1998 年，美國前總統喬治·赫伯特·沃克·布希探訪了賽珍珠故居。兩年後的 2000 年 5 月，南京大學正式給賽珍珠故居掛牌，賽珍珠國際基金會主席梅瑞狄斯·理查森女士、賽珍珠曾就讀的美國倫道夫 ·梅肯女子學院的院長夫婦率領的代表團出席了揭幕典禮。

• 2006 年 6 月 5 日，南京賽珍珠故居被列為江蘇省文物保護單位。

賽珍珠在此休息了

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• Pearl Buck lived in China for many years and spoke the language so I am happy to accept the authenticity of her writing. The Good Earth tells the story of Wang Lung - a hard-working peasant farmer with ambitions to improve his life. O-lan is a plain servant girl (effectively a slave) in the house of the local landowner. Wang Lung takes her as a wife having said that he does not want a beautiful woman but one that is strong and willing to work and bear him sons. Love is not an expectation.Although Wang Lung and his wife work hard other things conspire against him and his life is a continual struggle against poverty and destitution. Buck writes in a very simple and lucid way – which somehow makes the issues that she raises even more shocking. The story is interwoven with infanticide, murder, drug-taking, prostitution, greed and betrayal. But throughout it all Wang Lung is convinced that it is the land which will offer them salvation. For much of the narrative Wang Lung and many of the other characters are far from flawless – but the author doesn’t judge them. Instead she relates their actions and attitudes and leaves the rest to the reader.It is not made absolutely clear when the book was supposed to be set. Slavery was abolished in 1910 so it is probably supposed to be set about that time. By 1912 the Republic of China had been created although there were many internal factions leading to the era of the warlords. The Good Earth was first published in 1931 – so the story was written without knowing the massive upheavals that were to occur in China a few years in the future. But already the country was in a state of flux with the mention of distant wars and gangs of local robbers.

By Wynne

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Pearl S. Buck House in Perkasie PA

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賽珍珠別墅內的蠟像

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Dragon Seed (Pearl S. Buck) (1944)33

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An intelligent, energetic, educated woman cannot be kept in four walls… even satin-lined, diamond-studded walls… without discovering sooner or later that they are still a prison cell.

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• 林語堂與賽珍珠，兩個大文豪，一個獲得諾貝爾文學獎，一個也多次被諾貝爾獎提名；兩人關係曾相當要好，賽珍珠幫助林語堂出書，並把他的作品推向全世界；林語堂也為賽珍珠賺了不少錢。可是晚年，二人終因金錢問題而絕交。

• 賽珍珠生於 1892 年，比生於 1895 年的林語堂大 3 歲。賽珍珠的父母是傳教士；而林語堂父親也是傳教士，母親是基督教信徒。只是賽氏父母是到中國傳教的美國人，而林語堂父親則是在中國傳教的中國人。賽珍珠自小隨父母來到中國，之後在中國生活長達 30 多年，而林語堂自青年到老年在美國也生活了 30 多年。

• 1934 年起，林語堂用了 10 個月時間寫出了這部書，題目是《吾國與吾民》，此書於 1935 年出版後在美國引起轟動，比預想的反響還要大得多，僅僅在 9 月至 12 月的四個月時間裡就印行了 7 版之多。

• 晚年，林語堂曾全力以赴研究中文打字機，結果將自己的全部積蓄 40多萬美元都花在上面，最後不得不向朋友借錢。此時，林語堂當然首先想到多年合作的老朋友也是很富裕的賽珍珠，但令林語堂吃驚的是他吃了閉門羹，賽珍珠沒有借錢給他。這大大刺痛了林語堂的自尊心。

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林語堂在台北陽明山上的故居

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李常生 Eddie Lee Taipei 12/8/2011Most of the photos were taken from internetleechangsheng5555@gmail.com

林語堂在台北陽明山上的故居

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