HARGEISA-BERBERA ROAD PROJECT 1975

8/13/2019 HARGEISA-BERBERA ROAD PROJECT 1975

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AFRICAI{DEVELOPMENTANK

M E U O R A N D U M

TO BOARDOF H(ECUTIVEDIRECTORS

D. BIHUEActing President

SUBJECT.: '901ttI,IA: POST-EVALUATIONREPORT0N

ADB/ID/WgB4I139I October 1984OriqinaL : ENGLISH

- : j . .:

THE'IiARGXIA-BERBEMPROJECT

. i r : r - ' . " :

l . This report discirsses theSonali Denocratic Rpublic. Thisinvol-venent in Somalia.

Hargeisa-Betbera Road projecr in theproject represented the Bankts first

2. Early in 1965, the Gvernmntof SornaLiaequested the UNDPoassi'st in the financing af a feasibiLity strrdy of two roade in rheNorthern Region of Sonialiaof which the llargeisa-Berbera Roadwas one.rtre feasibility study of the road was prepared by Messre Grimble and

Associateg'''A'aIBRD/IDAas executing agent. The study was conpleted in.Marck1966. In;1969" the ADBointly with UNDP,{inanced the'fol.Low-updetai-l'e{ erigineeri!!g;stud} under its technical assiStnce prograrme.Ttris'studi vas conduitea ty Messrs Ingenieuribuero Dorsch and completedi n ' 1 9 7 0 . ; . ,

' the.-'rojeet ?nd ilg Otjective _ . ,'. , ' , , : . , ,

3. .' ,Theproject

was appraised in eeenber 1970 with the participation'r tr,e rDAand ras approved by the ADB Boardon 20 ocrober. Lg7L. ALoanAgreementor rhe esuivalen of US$ l.O million (UA1.0 nillfon) wassigned on'10 December1971. IDAprovided US$ 9.6 niLtion o.rl of "tott project cost of us $ 10.6 miLLion. The project, compris.edhecontruction, including paving ef a two-lane highwaybetween Hrgeisaand Berbera (about 158 lfu); "orr".ritancys"rvices to supenzise roadeonstruction, a feasibitity etudy and detailed enginering of theHargeiea-Boraoa road (about 140 Kn) including spur to Tug I,traJrale(about 20 Kn) as well. as the revierring and updating of the transporrl

. . 1 2


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tion surrrey undertaken in Somalia in 1966. the nnain objectives of theproject were to assist the Government of Somalia (COS) in (a) improvingits transportation network and (b) plutttting transportation investnents.

Project Inplenentation and fnpact

4. The contract for road construction was awarded to the lowestbidder, contracting and rrading company (cAt or Lebanon) in February!972. The road construction was conpleted on Mayg, 1975, only sixmonths behind schedule. This was due to a number of factors including

disputes between the nain contractor and the haulage sub-contractorsrggarding transport rates, lack of a high capacity crusher for a periodof t,ime, withdrawal of work permits for B of the contractorfs expa-triate staff" lhe quality of construction and contractor maintenanceof the road rrere "sati eJa,ctory. The supenrisory consultant Is staf f madesignificant contribution to the successful conpletion of the roadcontract. AlL centractor claims were settled.

5. Thefeasibility study and detailed,engineerinq of the Hargeisa-BorarnaRoad etc. Itere carried out by consultants, Renardet-Sauti (rtaty).

The quality of work produced by the consultants was judged unsatisfactory.I{ith the Bankfs concurrence, the GOSretained Dorsch Consult (FederalRepubl,ic of Ge::nany) to review the detaiLed engineering and biddingdocuments prepared by sauti. The report on transportation survey ofsomalia produced by sauti, as part. of the asgistance in transportplanning was judged generally satisfactory.

6. ,., The principal, purpose for the construction of the road was toconnect Hargeisa and Berbera, the nain tosrrs in the northern region ofsomalia. The road has provided easy access to the port, of Berberawhich handlee a pubstantial amunt of Solsaliats exports .(particularlylivestock) and..imports. The zone of infLuence of the Hargeisa-Berberaroad has been favourably affected by the initiation in recent years cfRvo najor projects. one of these is the rDA- financed,NorthwesrRegional. Agricultural Projects, epproved in April 1976,.which isassisting in the development of the 1601000 ha of potentially arabl.eLa:rd in the region.

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Lessong

l0: The Cecision to ag'ree on exact financing and costing after theresuLts of the bidding were knownlrae a rational one; the lesson beingthat it led to a better designec pf,oject in tenie of coet coDtrol.

ll. Muhof the implementation success on this project could beattributed to the constant and regular supervisicn by the IDA/ADB uissions.(Part of the success was also due to the executing agency, and thesupervising engineers). In terns of a lesson, it seerns hat the Bankshould in rll cases undertake regular superrrision missions. The nunber ofaptili.q-.odr-troLlm:.np rai-seions should nct be increased only

after a problen has been


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T/$L8 OF CONTENTS

TNTRODUCTIONE c o n o m i c n d S o c i a l S e t t i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . . . .T h e T r a n s p o r tS y s t e m n d I n v e s t m e n t . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bank Groupoperat ions in the Transport Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I I . PROJEqT DI{TIFICAIONPREPAEATIONAI{DAPPRATSAL

Financing and Coets a a a r a a o a a a a a a a a a a a a o a a a a a a a a

II. IMI.EI,IEITATIONOF TTTEFROJECT

Procurement a a a a a t a . a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a r

I24

5567

t 0t 0t 2t 4l 5

t 7l 7

v .ECOFOMIC

RE-EVALUATIONA}TDPROJECTIMPATSA p p r a i s a lE x p e c t t i o n. . . . . . . . . . .o . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . o o . . . . . . . . l gP r o j e c t E f f e c t s a n d D e v e l o p o e n t s . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 aR e c a l c u l a t i o no f E c o n o n i cR a t e o f R e t u r n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . 2 3

VI. CONCLUSIONSNDRECOMT,IENDATIONSC o n c l u s i o t l g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . 2 5L e g g o n g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6R e c o m g n d a t i o n s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6A m r E x E S" " . ' . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . r . . o . . . . . . . . Z B

:i-_--rhls report was prepared by It. lfYAl,tE-MENS1,ransport Econooist. It is-prepared nainly on the basis of an earlier Mission'tc sorcalia undertakenby Messrs. p. RWUTAHTRAnd K. FURUT(AWABconomists) in ApriL, 19g0.


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P R E F A C E

This Post-Evaluation Report


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EQUIVALEMS/TND ABBR.EVIATIONS

Currency UnitsSonali ShiLlinga : So. Sh.

'Bank Unit of Account ' ' : BUA

U . S . D o l l a r : US $

Exchanse Rates#

BUAAt Appraieal (Wl7 1

lst Disbursement(lul2l72) LLast DisbursemenQSlS/7g) I

U S $I

1 .0 8 5 7 11 .3 1 7 3 3

So. Sh.7 t 4

7 . 4 98 . 2 9

ABtsREVIATIONS

ADB : African Develoirnent BankADT ; Averai;e Daily TrafficC,AT : Contracting and lrading Conpany, Lebanon

CED : Civil Engineering Department, I'IPWERR : Economic Rate of ReturnGOS : Goverunent, of SonraliaIBRD : International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentIDA : International Develtpmen AssociationISDB : lsLamic Devel"opment BankMPW : Minietry of Publ-ic l.Jorks, SouaLiaSIETCO : Sichuan Corporation for International Techno-Economic

Corporation of ChinaUt'lDP : United Nations Development prograome

VOC : Vehicle Operating Cost

FISCALYEAR

1 January - 31st Decenber.


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LIST OF TAJJLES

PaPeI. Details of Initial Cost Estinate of the

H a r g e i s a - B e r b e r ao a d . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B

2 t S o u r c g s f F i n a n c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r i e o o o o I

3 - A c t u a l v s . A p p r a i s a l E e t i E a t e s o f C o s t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4

4 . A v e r a c ; e a i l y T r a f f i c , l g T l o . . . . . . . o . . . o o . . . . . . o r i o . . . r . . . . . . . . 2 e

5 - D e v e l o p r n e n tf P o r t T r a f f i c 1 9 7 5 - 1 9 8 0 . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2


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LIST ANNEXES

Page_

lITLEProject Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . o i o . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . zB

Design standards for the llargeisa-Berbera Road .. . . . . . . ZgR e v i s e dc o s t E s t i r n a t e e n d F i n a n c i n g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0

A c tuaLan d E xpec tedp ro jec t I ap lenen ta t ion . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . 3 l

Actual ant l Appraisal Est imates of Disbursements . . . . . . . . . , . . 32R oadMain tenanceA l lo ca t ion by G ov e rnmen t . . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . .

33T r a f f i cF o r e c a s t . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r r r r i . . . . . . . . 3 4E c o n o r n i ce h i c l e o p e r a t i n gc o s t . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . 3 5v e h i c l e O p e r a t i n g o s t s a v i n g s e . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6R eca lcu L a t io no f E conomicR a te o f R e tu rn . . . . . o r co . . . . ; i , i r o r r ro j 37

a a a a a . ' a a a a a r a

- v

OF

I

23

4 .

5

6

7

I

9

l0

I t


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3. MISSIONDATA

Type of nission

- v t l -

Nunnberofpersons

III

22212I

2

Number ofdays

105

l2

72222I

t413

t4

(a)

(b)(c)(d)

Preparation/ (1)preappraisal (2)

AppraisaLLaunching and foll"oro-upSupenrision I

II

TIIFollow-rp I

IISupervision IV

v(e) Post-Evaluation

Period

LO-aA/,f|6720-25s /68t0-22/12/70

rt-r1217317 LL-e1217324/Lt-r6lt2/7328/4171-14/2/75r2-2sLoi79

rr-zs14180

Man/day

T;4444I

2813

28

Conpletion date

L977

105

t2

4. O1TIERBAI{KCROUPPROJECTSN THESECTOR

Project

Rosd RehabititationHargeisa-Boroma

Conraitroents(in-ffi-ETTIons)

ADF3 . 05 . 08 . 0

Date of approvaL

e tol746 6 77


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1 .

1 . 1

INTRODUCTON

Econornic and Social Setting

1.1.1 Soualia is located on the horn of Africa and is bordefed by: Djibouti,

Ethiopia, Kenya and the Indian Ocean. The country has a total surface area of)

6381000 ks'. In 1983, the population of Somalia was estimated at 5.44 rnillionpersons with a growth rate of 2.25 per cent per year. The population densityis 8.5 persons".per equare kilornetre. About 60per cent of the population is

nomadic or semi-nomadic, 20 per cent are settled farners operating near the

rivers Juba anrl Shebelle, while the rest could be classified as urban. In

recent years the exodus of skilled personnel, especialLy to the Arabian peni-sula and Arabian Gulf, has 1ed to acute shortage of manpowerand the need forrecruiting non-nationaLs to fill technical and managerial positions.

1.L.2 Somalia's economy s based on livesock and agriculture. fn 1978,livestock, agriculture ancl forestry accouned for more than60 per cent ofthe gross naticnal product (CNp), industry about 7 per cent, transport 5 per

cent, ,and traCe and services accounted for the balance. L.ivestcck and'asso-,ciated'products are the main export accounting for nore than 75 per cent ofexpcirt earnings. The ooly other important export is bananas, grown near thesouth'coast ; in recent, years bananas hzrve contributed about 10 per cent of theannual export earnings" Livestock and Agriculture will continue to dominatethe.econony. Areas of most potentiaL for agricultural devel-opmentare theBay region ancl the basins of the Juba an


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1. f .4 Except for 1981, the production of prains , bananaso 6uoar cane,sesaMer vegetables and cottcn recorded declines due to the constraints cf

foreign exchange which curtailed iraportations of a.ericultural inputs such !as fertilizet, pesticides, fuel and spare pars; frice incentives introduceclin 1981 spurred increased agriculturaL activity and productivity. The pro-ductive sectors of the econotnyhave gror.m consiclerabl-y slor.rer than the servicesectors, causinq a stagnation in production and exprts. Increasing buCgetdeficite and a steeply rising rate of inflation have been couplecl with a sharr, lyworsenin6; balance of paynents position. The economic situat,ion has been reflectecl.in inadequate funtling of road naintenance operations; it has also caused a strain

on neqt capital investments, calling for oriorities to be accorded to thoseprojects,which preserve past investtcents

Transport System and Investnent

Transport System

1.2.1 Road transport is by far the prineipal nreans of internal transport.However, aninal transport - canels and


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ccst in the sectcr; external aid or loans contributed the renaininp 73 per cent.Under the 1979-1981Plan 17 per cent of the total investmentswere allocated

to the sector; the roads and road transport sub-sector has st i l l a maj:r share,57 per cent, followedby ports, 32 per cent and civil aviaticn 11 per cent.

I.2.3 The Government of Sonalia has prepared a 5-year Development Flanfor 1982-1986. Out of So.Sh. 141600 rnillion of investments planneC for thewhol.e econoay' only 12.3 per cent or Sc. Sh. 1"800 rnillion is envisaged forthe transport sector. I^Ihile this represents a substantial" reduction of thesectores share fro previous plans, it is in line with the sector?s needs.

The Government has been promised about 75 per cent f the financing neededto carry out the plan. For the transport sector, however, financing for only50 per cent of the plannerl investments is available as yet. The roads sub-aectorrs share (So. Sh. t,26O mill-ion) arounts to 70 pet cent of all investmentsin the sector' which is justifiable 1;iven the preclominanceof the sub-sector andits neecls. Civil aviationts share is 21.5 per cent and portsr 8.5 per cent.In addition to he So. Sh. 14,600 rni1lion, the plan includes a group of projectswhich are stiLl- at the conceptual stare; .?aong them are a nunnberof transportprojects totalling So. sh. 21770 nillion. In light of the financial andoveralleconomic situaticn in the countryr it is'unLikely that this additional prograrmewill be carried cut" :

The RoaC Network

l-2.4 The road netvork totals about 271644kCIof which 2,560 km are paved"565 km are gravelled and the rest are earth roads and tracks. In terms ofadministrative cLassificaticn, the lengths of prinary, secondary, nd n*a;lfeeder roads are about 41296 kE, 5r34g kn and 121000 konrespeetivety (seeAnnex ll) .

1.2.5 The covera.qe of the network is atlequate for the countryrs presentneeds, but the standards and condition of the roads are not satisfactory.Low staadard roads prevail, although there has been considerabl.e road upgrading;. . : . . 1 . .the paved roads increased fron about 900 kn in 1971 r 2,300 kro in 1980. Inthe past, earth roeds \ere upsraded to pave.J standards in order to provide a

basic road network linking rnajor connercial centets. In the future, thenormal developuent from eatxhfgravel to paved stndards shoulcl be followed.The backbone of the country?s road. systen is the north-south link between


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Mogadishu and Berbera via Gal-kayo,Garoe and llarg3eisa (about 21000 krn); whenthe Burao-ilerbera Rcad (120 kn) now under constructicn is completed, a riirectlink wiLl be established to Berbera through Burao. The other most inportantroads are the coastal road frorn Mosadishu to Kismayo leading on to Liboi onthe Kenya border (about 700 ko) and the road frorn Mogaclishuto Dolo on theEthiopian border via Afeoi and Raidoa (about 600 krn).

1.3 Bank Group Feraticns in Transport Sector

1.3.1 The pther Bank Group operations in the transnort sector in Somaliainclude:

(i) Roarl Rehabilitation and Maintenance Prcject (ADF):

The project'consisted of road maintenance equipment'andspare parts needed by the CEDfor maintenance of roads.The projec was successfully conpleed in Lg7i. Theloan is fully ,lisbursed

(ii) 'Hargeisa -BoramaRoad

projecr(ADF):

The detailed engineerinq of this project was funded unclerthe Harpeisa-Berbera Road Project (para . 2 .1 .6) . I t wasjointly financed by ADF(fUa S.0 nillion); Arab FunC(FUA7.27 mill.ion); Islaaic Developuent Bank, ISDB,(rua 0.82 rnillion); rDA (FUA6"36 nilliori) and cos (1.g3nillion). The project has been fraught with problems.Recently the ADF approved he award of contrac to srETco

for the construction of the road ftoo km 56 to krn 70(CeUile-ttabadid) and works starreC in June 19g3, withcompleticn scheduled for February l9B5.l/

Ll The Bank actual involvement started with the BUA36,000 TechnicalAssistance t'irant in 1969, which was used' for the engineeringstudies of the Hargeisa-Berbera Road (para .2 . l .4) .


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PROJECTTDEI{TIFTCATION

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PREFARATION.NDAPPRAISAL.

2 . t Project Identif icat ion

2.1.1 A survey of ransport facilitie was undertaken by the CanadianConsulant Grimble,and Associaes. This survey rirasundertaken in 1965-1966as part of the UNDP-financed Technical Assist,a4ce Programe (under the SomaLiaFirst,Highway Frojec) executcd by the World Bank.. The survey, amongothertlriggs, identified the Hargeisa-Berbera (l5q km) and the Berbera-Ilurao (141.2km) roads for inprovenent. The llargeisa-Berbera Road was given a higher

priority and based on the Consultantrs recor@endations, it was included inSonaliars 1971-1973DevelopmentP1an.

2.L.2 In view of the potential traffic ancl the economic significance ofthe Hargeisa-Berbera Road to the cettle indusry, it was recornmended ordetailecl engineering and design studies. ,he, Grimble. feasibility studieswere then reviewed by Kaiser Engineers and the Economist Intelligence Unitat the request of the DB inOctober L967.

.2.1.3 on the basis.of' their reeormndations, tho ADBws approached bythe Gorrernmentof Sonalia (COS) for assistance in financing and undertakingthe required detail-ed engineering studies. : The roa


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2.1.5 the detailed engineering study of the road was prepared by theconsulting firno Dorsch Consult of the Ferleral Republic of Germany. A jointADB/toa mission appraised the project in December1970 anrl the consultantes

cost es t imate of so. shs . 44.1 mil l ion or about us $ 6.2 nil l ion (nua 6 .2rnillion), excluding contingencies, for the road construction was found to bevery lcm. The project as appraised by the ADB/IDAteam was estimated to costabot Us $ 9.5 nilLion (euA,9.5 nnillion). The econonic evaluarion in theappraisal report was concerned with the'civi'l works which together with theassociated consultantr s services for final engineering anC 'supervisionrounted toiabout 88 per cent of the estimated cost. The econonic rte ofreturn (ERR)was esimated to be 19 per cent

The Project

2 .L.6 The main object ives of he project were to -

(a) inprove Soualia trnsportation network; and to

(b) plan transportation investments.

Tvo types of quantifiable benef,its considered for the project were savingsin vehicle operating costs (VOC)and avoidance of loss of weight and deathof, Livestockduring transport on the project road. the project consisted of:

A.' ' RoadConstruction

(i) construction of the 158 km wo-lane bitumen to"d ftor' 'Hargeisa to tserbera;

(iii), supenrision of const:rrction.: :

"., 9her Prqject coppcnents !

' (i) feasibility study ancl subsequent'detaled engineering of

the llargeisa-Eoraoa Road (131 km) with a link to T,rg' , 'l'lajale ( tt t-rn)


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technical ssistailce in transport planning.

2.1"7 The project road cnnects Hargeisao the second lar ;es t c i ty inSonal.ia and rnain city in the nortnlern regiono with tlre port of Berbera onttre Gulf of Aden. Previously, access was provicled by a desert track havingpoor alignment and drainage. The new road follows the srne generaL aLignrnentof the old track between Berbera and Dubatoo but between Dubato and Derberait follows a conpletely new alignment', and is 20 km shorter. The roadtraverses nostly rolling terrain interspersed by short rocky streches, exceptfor sme short distances near Hargeisa and llerbera where the terrain is fairlyfLt. The design standards for the road which rere considered adequate areshown in Annex 2. A 6.5 n doubLe bituminous surface-treate,i parred was'providedto.carry the estinated traffic volms over the 2C-veer econcmic life cf theroad.

2.1.8 Funds were included for carrying out feasibility study and subsequentdetailed engineering studies of the road between Hargeisa and Boramr includinga link to Tug l,lajale on he Ethiopian border, wirich was among the priorityprojects identified by Grimble ancl Assocites'in its 1.966 ransporr Survey.lechnical assistance !as incLuded in the project to assist the Governrqentinformulating a transport plan by reviewing and updating the 1966 TransportSu:rrey.

. Finagcing and Costs

2.f.9 The project was jointly financed by an IDA Credir of BU9.60 millionand an ADBloan of BUA ini11ion. Because of the financial difficulties, the

GOSwas unable to,contribute to the cost of the project. IDA and ADBwere thueto finance the totaL project - ADBcontributing about I0 per cent of the totalprojee costs. Table I sho!s the break-down of the estinated conrttuction costsby najor items.


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lab1e IDetails of rnitial cost Estimate of the liargeisa-Berbera Rc,ad

Ccst Estitaatesten

l. General ltems2. Earth works3. Base and Surface4. Drainage and Pipe

Culverts5. Structural works

Total

So. Shs

1 . 7 117 6425.64

I . 2 14 . 5 0

5 0 .7 0

(ni l l ion)BUAEquivalent

' o . z 42 . 4 73 . 5 9

0 . 1 70 . 6 3

7 . 0

Source: ADB Appraisal Report 1971, See Aanex 3

2.1.10 Of this ADBoan of BUA1.0 million, an estimated BUA700,000wasto be used to finance part of the foreign exchangecost and the rernainderto,finance local costs. The detailed financial planis shorn in Table 2.

Table 2Sources cf Finance

(ltiltions US $ Equivalen)

Foreiln ' LocrL Total

ADB IDA ADB IDA ADB IDA-A. Road Construction

i. Berbera-HargeisaRoad (inc1"con-tingencies)

i i . . . Supervis ion ofConstruction

B. StudiegFeasibiLity and Engineeringof Hargeisa-Borana withspur o Tug I ' la ja le O.5S 0.05 O.O5 O.O5

C. Updating of transpor-t a t ion S tudy O . l0 0 .01 . 01 0 .10

lotal 0 . 7 0 6 . 3 0 0 " 2 t 2 . 4 0 0 . 9 1 8 . 7 0

, 0 . 7 0 . 5 . 3 0 0 " 1 0 2 . 4 0 0 . 8 0 7 . 7 0

0 .3 5 0 " 0 5 0 .0 5 0 "3 5

Souqce: ADBAppraisal Report l97l; See Annex 3


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z.L.ll Disbursemensfrom the ADB loan rere to be done on the basis ofl0 per cent of (or such other ratio as rnight be agreed roittr tOa) certifiedapplication for reimbursement. Althoush the GOSvas to submit identical.applications to the ADb and IDA (Sec. 2.03). the approval of the applicaticnsfor disbursenent was entrusted to the IDA (Sec" 2.04). However, underSec. 2.05(b) of the sane Joint, Finance Agreement, after receiving notice ofthe IDA approval. and appointment of disbursements, the ADSwas expected topay the anount to be withdrawn fron ADBloan account subject to the rights ofsuspension and cancell"aion. This inplied that a reajor loan disbursenentfunction was autualLy agreed to be excercised by IDA. :

2.I..T2 Overall responsibility for the arlninistration and execution cf ther.gads projeet ltas to be assumed by the Civil Engineering Departnrent .(CED)ofthe Miligtry 9f llorks (tqpw)cn trehalf of GoS. A Supenrising Engineer was tosupervis ,!he c.S,nltruction works anrl act as agent for the GOSn approvingthe worh and nnakingcertification for payment. The works rrere expected tobe crpleted in 30 nonths.


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IMPLEMENTATIONF THE PROJECT

Loan Effectiveness

The project rlaa presented to the Board on 22/L0/71 based on a revisedplan providing for an rDB loan of BUA1.0 million and an rDA creditmiLlion (Annex 3). The Loan Agreement between ADBand GOSwas

ro l t2 /7 t .

3 . 1

3 . 1 " 1financingof BUA.6signed on

3.1.2 A Joint Financing Agreement between the GOS,B and IDA wassignedon March 300 L972. A condition of loan effectiveness was the enactenent of1gisLation to

assure the allocation for highway maintenance of So. Sh. 6"4nillion for the fiscal year L972. Major convenants of the Joint FinancingAgreernent dealt with procurement procedures, prcnpt issuance of importlicenses, visas, work per:uritsancl other necesgary documents, enforcement oftraffic regulations, adequate maint.enance of the road nework etc. and re-orianization of C.E.D. All these conditions were fulfilled by the exchangeof side letters. lhe tine span was within that stipulatecl at appraisal.The loan became effective in rhe third quarter (3018172) of. L972, instead ofat end of the fourth quarter 30/12/72 as planned.

3 . 2 Procurement

lendering

3.2.1 To avoid ilelay in the proceseing of the project, the ADBdecide


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- l t -

eewices vas financed retxoactively at COSrequest. Trrel.vecontractors arereprequalified and invited to subroit,bids; for construction of the project road.

But onLy five tenders were received by the,closing dae of October 30, I97L.Ihe L:west bid received was So" Sh. 51.f6 rnillion coupare'lto the appraisalestimate of So. Sh. 50 urilt,ion.

3.2.3 During preparation of the tender rlccuments, consideration was givento dividing the consttuctipn work into srnall corr-tracts which might be suitabLefor bidding by locaL contractors. .fhi iclea rsas abandone


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- 1 2 -

million (us E 7.8 nillion equivalent). However, due to the delay caused inagreeing to reviser:l specifications for the base course, the contractor

requested, and the Goverrnnent.approved, an extension of the contract periodby 35 days extending the conplet ion clate to DecemberL3,1974.

ii) cons,rltants for snpervision and rechnical Assietance

3.2,7 Dorsch Consult whc had carrietl out the detailed.engineering of theprojeet road were 'selected for supenrision of, onst.ruction. Funde were included forcarrying out feasibility Btudy ancl subsequent rletailed engineering of the road'between Hargeisa and Borama,including a l-ink to Tug Wajale on

theEthiopian

border. Also technicaL assistance was included in the project to assist th egoverren in foroulating a ransport plan by reviewing and updating the 1966Transport Survey.

3.2.8 The Consultants were selected by GOswith ADBand IDA eoncurrence.Messrs' Renardet-Sauti were to impleoent other project components. Theseconponents included the provision of Technica'l Assistance in TransportPlanning and the conduct of Feasibility Stu


27/56

increase haulage costs on the contract, the Government issued an order whichexenpted the Hargeisa-Berbeta road conract froar the Decree. Nevertheless,the sub-contracors clained an increase in transport raes which lerl to

disputes between them and the contractor resulinB in deLay in compl-etionofconst.ruction.

3-3.3 In Septenber 1973, the sotreli Ministry of Labor withdretir work permitsfor I of the contrctorrs expatriate staff, and requested tht they bereplaced by Sonali staff. These pernits were l-arer re-issued a AIB/IDArequest. All clains submitted by the contractor to the Government for costincreases on haulage rates, fuel, cement and bitr:nen were settled with the

assistance of he supervisory consultants. The actual and expecterl projectinplementation sche


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" 1 4 -

3 . 4 Project Costs

3-4.1 At appraisal , tc ta l project costs were est i -mated at us $ 10.6 nilr. ion

of which Us $ 9.81 millicrn was for road construction ancl related superrrision,inclucing contingencies. Cost estimates for road construction were based onthe lowest bid received; contingency aLlowances totalling 18 per cent, l0 percent for pocrible physical contingencies ancl 8 per cent for price escalation,were included. The ccst of consulting services for preparing the feasibilitystudy and subsequent detailed engineering of the ltargeisa-Borana road wasestimated on the basis of sinilar works carried out under the First HighwayProject; .the cost of technical aseistance in transport planning was based on

the cost of providing two transport experts for a one-year period.

3.4.2 Ttre actual total cost of the project was US $ f0.69 million, connparedto appraisal estirnates of us $ ro.6 nillion; aetual and appraisal estimates ofcost are compared in Table. 3,

lable 3

l. Road Construction2. Supenrision of I3. Feasibiliry StuCy and )

Detailed Engineering ),4. lechnical Assistance in)

Transport planning )

Total

Actual coets a8 aAppraisal proportion ofEstinates Appraieal EetinatesuS-F nillion

g . 2 r I020 . 6 1 t l 8

ActualC os t s

9 . 3 7a 7 2

0 .6 0

l9n2=0 . 7 8

1 0 .6 0=-==

77

100.8s-====

Source: IBRDAppraigal R.eport, 1972, pCR f97g.

3.4.3 there !as an increase of .US$ 1.57 rnillion eOZi) over the reducednegotiated conrract estimate of us $ 7.g niLlion (so. sh. 47.g5 nillion,para ' 3 '2 '6) for roed constnrction resuLting nainly fron depreciation of theso' sh' and subsequent increases i-n coste of equipnent and materials such aefuel, bit,menr. and cement since appraisaL; rhe us i o.1r nillion (rgz) increaee


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in construction supervision cost was prineipall.y due to the longer eonstruc-tion tirne than originally envisaged. The actual- cost of the remaining

components of the project was within the appraisal base cost estinate of

US $ 0.71 nill.ion. Generally, the cost estimates at appraisal,as conpared

to the final actual cost was very close and within accepted Linitg for simiLarproj ects .

3 . 5 Performance of Contractor anrlConsultants

i) Contractor

3.5.1 : The performance of CAT wasgenerally satisfactory.:,However, theprogress on ryorks'was delayed because of disputes between the nain contTacorand Ehe,haulage sub-contractors regarding transport,rates (see,para., 3.3):the disputes dragged on for soroe months resulting in the deterioration.in th eprogress of works. The contractor's limited rock crushing capacity aleocontribued to somedelay. Progtess irnproved generalLy after the governnenttsaction in tesolving the dispute between the contractor, truckers and labour;and the inJortation of a'igh capacity crusher by the ccntractor. Relationsbetween contractor, supervisory consultants and GOS officiale rdere generally

good througJrout the project execution period.

i i) Consultant for Civil l{orks

3.5.2 The quality of services rendered by Dorsch Consult who carried outdetail.ed engineering of the project road, and supenrised road construction,was quite good. The etaff of Dorsch Coneult rnadesignificant contributionto the succ-gsful cornpLetion of the road contract vith their efficient super-

vision and ptompt handl.ing of contractorls claims and other site probless.Much of the success of this project can be attributed to the services providedby Dorsch Consultants.

iii) Performance on other Project Conponents

3.5.3 The quality of se:rrice provided by Sauti naa poor. Megsrs. Sautiused poor calibre personnel for the execution of the detailed engineeringstudies of the Hargeiea-Borama Road. their studies also failed to reflectlocal conditions in ter:ms of avaiLable material for the sub-base. llowever,


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' 1 6 - ' . '

' their report on transportation,.su::vey of Sonalia:na$ judged by the GOS,ADB/fnA andthe Dorsch Consultant .to be generally satisfactoryi

Srmmary , i

!

3.5.4 In terlns of the totaL project execuionothis project was inple-mented fairly well. theloan becameeffective within thestipulateddeadline set out in the LoanAgreement. The procurementof goods andservicee followed laid downADBprocedures.

3.5.5 The only source of friction in the execution procese of heprojectwas the w,ithdrawal of wo:rkperoits for the expetriate staff of CAT, themain contractor for the civil rorks. However, this apd other ninor iasuee wereresolved anicabLy. The six months time overrun recorded bythe projectdicl not naterially after the total final cos of the project.


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l+.

4 . t

- 1 7 -

BANKANDBORROI^IERERFORMANCE

Botrower Performance

4.1.1 Generally, the Borrowerts executing gency, the Civil EneineeringDepartment (CED)of the MPI,Iperforrned satisfactorily. CEDtook appropriateaction to solve problms as they occurred. In all, there was generalcoupliamce with the convenants of the Joint Financing Agreenent except forthe withdrawal of work per:mits of the contractorrs expatriate staff and GOEcompliance with the conveaant dealing with road rnaintenance equipment.

t

4.L.2 the GOSgave an undertaking to ADBand IDA in a side. letter toallocate and expend for highway maintenance funds anrounting to pt less thanSo. Sh. 6.7 mil l ion, 7 .0 mil l ion and 7 .4nnil l ion for the year 1973, 1974 and1975 respectively. Allocations made were in excess of these specifiqdamounts (annex 5). : ,

4.1.3 In another undertaking, GOSagreecl to ensure that equipnent intendedfor highway raintenance would be used principally for the purpoee of higtmaymaintenance. Ilowever, there were instances when road uaintenanc.e personnel'

. 1 .anrl equipment were diverted to unrelated works. (See IBRDts PCRand ProjectPerformance Audit Report No. 2391, p. 52). Even thoug,Jr these diverg,ionsltere not significant enough to jeorpardise the overall inplementatipn ofthe project the Bank, as a tratter of principle and policy should e:{pressreluctance and opposition to such dirrersiorr.f/ Also GoS has failed to collector rnaintain any systematic transport data base beween 1975 and l9B4 - husmaking post-evaluation dif ficult.

Bank Ferfonnance

4 . 2 Ap?raisal

4-2-l Looking back, he appraisal process accpted by the Bank eoncentratedon the right issues in terms of project benefits and costs. The only handicapat appraisal lras the laek of coherent and systenatic traffic data.

ll For IBRD(rol).3rd lligtnrayprcject (co-financed with-the ADF),a specificcondition was incluae in- tire aonvenant betreen Goi ""-ei rquiring cos!_ouse highwaynaintlance etaff and equipmntexclusi.veLyfor this i,rrpose.The ADFconrrenantdid not inclurle such a prcnzision (see tire Hargeisa-goiamaRoad Projecr, ADF/0PS/SO,I/TMNS/02f 22/3177).


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Supenrision

4.2.2 Major disbursenent and supervision roles for the project were given

to IDA (para. 2.f.12). On the whole the project \ras adequately eupervised byIDA staff, and ADBwas consulted fully on all aspects of the project inple-mentation as set out in the Joint Financing Agreenent. The ADBon its ownalso undertook some supenrision and follow-up missione. All these helped inthe eventual guccess of the project.

Disbursements

4.2.3 The actual disbursementg were Lo'wer and behind those planned atappraisal (see Annxe 6). Even thougJr construction was substantially finishedin'May 1975, there was delay in Gos applying for reinbursement. Gosrequested on 17/12/75 for an extension of date for last disbursement froo3L/12/75 to 3O/6/76. this was to enable the cplerion of rhe derailedengineeiing study of the Hargeisa-Borama Road.

4.2.4 There ras a second application for extension of disbursement fron

3016176 to 31/rc177. This $ras agreed by ADBin accordance with Section 5.04of the Loan Agreemeat. Themain reason ras to give GoS enough tine to provideclarifications to ADBand IDA concerning an anount of about UA970,635 to bepaid to the contractor onards Bettlement of their final cl.ains on retentionmoney (1OZ'or UA 97 630 A.DBhare).

4 .2 .5 On 2. 6 . 78, the Bank informed GOS'of i ts in tent ion to cancel UAl12rO5OoutetandinEt on the ADBi.oan since it appeared to the Bank that there nas norelated alternative use to which the balance eould be applied. Part of theoutstanding balance was used to pay ADBfe share of analysis of bids by DorschConsult on the Hargeisa-Borama (amounting o DM311832 or BUA13,245). Al.so

Part rtas used to purchase one bitunen sprayer and two emall rollers for roadrehabilitation and maintenulce. The remaining balance of UA98,804 wascancelled

4.2.6 In annmaty, the Boirower and the Bank perforned fairly well ln theutanageDent and execution of his project, rn retrospect,, the appraisal

concentrated on the pertinent issues. The project nas adequately supenrised,and the suggestioas given by the Bank and IDA resul.ted in the fulfilraent ofthe project objectives.


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- 1 9 -

ECONOMICRE-EVALTJATIONAND?ROJECTI}ACTS

5 . 1 Ar,i-traisal Exp_ect t ions

5.1.1 the, Berbera-llargeisa Road and the Hargeisa-Bor.ama Road (for whichthe feasibility and enirineering design $rere requirecl) were seLected by theGOSas having high priority within the road network system. For the periodL97O-t974, thg coustruction of the llargeisa-Berbera Road was to constitute45 per .cent .of the total expenditure of GOShighway construction programe.

5.1"2 At appraisaL the project road was to benefit the rnost inportant

activity and the main Somal-ia export : livestock. It.was estinaated that'of the tota l- aninal exports for 1968, val-ued at sa .sh . 125,000,000, , .66percent moved.on the project road. The infLuenee of the project road was'j ,estinated et 501000 kmz,extending from Berbera, on the coast, to Bora ,

an


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- 2 A -

66 2/3 per cent of the quantifiable benefits " The rest of the benefits wastaken up by 4ecrease in mortality as a result of transporting cattle fasterosafer and efficienttry on the new road.

5.1.5 Apart from above quantifiable benefits, the project road wasenvisaged at appraisal to aid in the irnproveent of hauline live anirnals tothe market in better condition. This was to prevent loss in sales as theSomalis rdere finding it increasingly difficult to trold their marker sharein Saudi Arabia, their uain buyer due to the deteriorated etate in whichhe livestock arrived in Saudi pors.

5.1.6 The AIII at appraisal was expected to increase by 5 per cent for thefirst 10 years after conrpletion of the road. I'hereafter, traffic wasestirinated to grow at a reduced rate of 4 per cent throughout the next 10years. (econonic Life of the project nas taken to be 20 yeare). Nogenerated and/or diverted traffic trere e:rpected as a result of the prjectroad.

5.2 Project Effects and lleveLopments

5.2.1 Traffic has developed nuch more rapidly than had been expected, asreflected in leble 4.

Table 4Average Daily lraffic, 1977

Appraisal ActualActual 'ae 7 of

. No. 7" No. 7" Appraisal

Snall Vehicles (cars, etc.) 27 20 152 : 31 5622MediunVehicles (trucks, )buses) )tleavy Trucks (trucks, ) 107 80ffiTers) )

267 55

65 L4 3102Total

Source: Civil Engineering Departoent 1978.

t34 100 484 r00


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- 2 1 -

At appraisal (1971) ADTr"-asestimated at '100 although at tines traffic $assaid to rise as high aa 300. Based on the 1evel of 100 ADT in 1971 and the5 per cen per year growth rate given in the appraisal report, the ADT in

1977 Hould be 134. Since the actual traffic in 1977 reached 484ADT, thegrowth rae has been nnrch higher than 5 per cent per year unless the 1971estinated traffic l-evel of 100 vehicles was lower than the average for he year.' :

5.2.2. The senere drought that affected Swralia in 1974-1975 had shortterm and long tern effects on the area of infLuence of the llargeisa-BerberaRoad. In the short tern, it caused an increase in ntrnnbersof livestockbrought to market as producers found it difficult to feed then; alsoconsiderable relief suppLies were transported frorn Berbera

toHargeiea

for.further distribution inthe Northwest. In the long term, the reducedsize of cattle herds caused by the drought can only gradually be restored toprevious levels. Therefore, fcr the recalcul.ation of ERR, the forecas oftraffic on the project roed beyond 1978 should be based on a moderate growthrate.

5.2.3 the Hargeisa-Serbera Road has facilitated the e:rport and inport ofgoods ino Sonalia in the north on the Culf for the export of livestock andbananas. In the period 1975-1980, since the ccryl-etion of the project road,the Berbera port has had a moderate annual grovth of treffie of 4per cent(faUle S). The project road has helped in the aovement of liveetock andbananas and has thus fulfilled a major expectation at appraisal.


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Traffic in Ports

- 2 2 -

TabLe 5

Development cf Port Traffic 1975-1980(in t000 tons)

t975 L976

451.8 428.3 451. 393.858.3 35 5 64.8 53.9

!2g 3 121. 137O tzg 263e.4 s84"8 652"9 576.9

' 20 , 912 . 4 12 . 5 45 . 96r.4 53.4 36"7 38.4

63.6 52.6 50.6 64.1L!!-.2 l!9sl =22=9 119*1

L977 1978 L979 1980

B .

Jnports 1/i) Mogadiahnr

ii) Kisoayoiii) Berbera

Total

g*potts 3/

i) Mogadishu'i i) Kismayoiii) Berbera

Total

586"2 834.264.9 52.t

150"3 164.6-80r.4 1050 .6

I

77 7 100.83 5 . 6 4 s .06 3 .0 7 0 .8

176.3 2t6.6! = = = = = = E =

LlaIncludee petrolantr

MostLy livestock and bananas.

Source: Sonaal,iPorts Authority, May1981.

5.2.4 The atea of influence of the Hargeisa-Berbera road has been farrourabty

affected by the initiation of two major prjects: One of theee is the IDA-

financed Northwest Regional AgricuLtural Projecte approved in April 1976, which

is assisting in the development of the 2601000 ha of potentially arable land

in the region. Ttre other is the Northern Rangelands Project uhich is aidingin the mdragement of gtazing areas so vital to the livestock production of

Somalia. The Hargeisa-Berbera road. has facilitated the implenentation ofthese projects and wilL serve a usefuL role over the long tern in tranaportingproducts stinulated by these conpleoentary irrrvestments.


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_ 2 3 _

Recaleulation of Economic Rate of R.eturo. 3

5 . 3 . 1 .reportproject

The Econoraicis based on anorer 20 yearse

Rate of Return (nnn) calculated in this post-evluationassessment f costs and benefits with and without thebeing the estimateC econornic ife of the iuproved road.

5.3.2 In recalcuLating the ERR, esimates of savings in VOCwere derivedfrm vehicle operating cosLs per Ifu (Annex B) in lg74 .md the best estinatesof traffic over the f.ife of the road (Annor 7). Traffic estination ie basedon the 1977 counts. Since it is difficult tc estimate the correct figuresof traffic due to unavailability of periodic counts, the fo1-lowing havebeentaken into account in the estirnation:

a) a 5 per cent grolrth rate on the basis of the 100 l\tl in 1971at appraisal which may be taken to L'e the average growth growthtrend for the whole of Sonalia; and

b ) the 8.3 per cent growth rate on the basis of 300ia 1971 whichwill reinforce rhe counted 484 AST

ADTobservedin L977.

This eount reptesents the specifie chaacter of the zone of influence of theHargeisa-Berbera Road.

5.3.3 Using the above assumptions, the forecast is based on the 1977count of 484 ADT (taking on averase grcrwth rate of 8.3 per cent betweenL97l-1977). However, between L977 arrd1983, a grolrth rate of 5 per cent isassumed w{rile a modest 3 per cent is forecast between 1984-1990 and

thereafter. This is done taking into account ttre low growth in GDpand a2.25 pet cent growth rate in populaticn. The totaL traffic for each yearis divided into SrnalLVehicles, MediumVehicles and iteavy Vehiclee by theratio of the 1977 count which was 31 per cent; 55 per cent and 14 per centregpectively (Annex 7). Separate benefits are calculated for traffictransporting livestock for which separate benefits are calculaed.

5.3.4 the new road made possible the shift from costl-y walking or trekingof Livestock to truck transport frorollargeiea to erbera,

and estisates weredeveloped of the increased revenue from Livestock exports attributable tc the


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- 2 4 -

road impr6vomnt,. Data on livestock moverqentsindicate that sooe 8101000sheep and goats and 631000 cattle nere transported on the road in 1975.

At 30 kg ;er srnall animal and 235 kg per larqe animal, their total weightwas about 39 nillion kg. By tnrcking these Livestock soroe 12 per centof their weight or 4.7 oillion kg was saved s compared with walking hero.The 3 per cent weight saving ehown in theappraisal report is 1ow in vielrof recent research done on this subject. Taking the weighted average valueof the l ivestock at So. Sh. 4 per kg, he vaLue of the 4 .7 oi l l ion kgofweigh saved is So. Sh. 18.8 nillion. After deducting transport andadninistrative costs the net value of the benefit is So. Sh. 13.6 nillionin 1976. In view of the long term problem

of rebuilding cattLe herds, thesesavinge are assumed to grow at a modest 4 per cent per year over the lifeof the road.

5.3.5 Crrent ioutine and periodic rood maintenance costs, with anCwithout the project roaC, were estirnated and appropriately deflated forpurposes of the anaLysis. The economic rate of return was calculated basedon actual capital eost, new estimates of savings in vehicle operating costsevalue of increaeed revenue frou livestoek exports att,ributable to the nesroad and savings in road oaintenance cost (annex 9). The result ehow anecononic rate of return of 25per cent which is relatively higher tbanhe 19 per cent derived at the appraisaL (Annex 1C).


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_ 2 5 _

CONSLUSIONSNDRCOWIENDATIONS

6 . 1

6 .

Conclusicns

6.1"1 Ttie principal purpose for the construction of the road was to connecHargeisa and Berbera, the main torrns in the Northern region'of Sorualia. Tothe extent that it can be neasured the effect of the roacl on Sornali econonyhas been favourai:1.e" The road has Lived up to expectations and rnost of theobjeetives of the project were fully achieved. This success couLd beattributed to the participants in the execution of the project" l:l.e mainfactor incLudes the perfornances of the Eorrower, the Co-financiers'the

Contractor and especially the sup,ervising eneineers.

6.1.2 The perform,lnce of the borrowerrs executing agency, the civilEngineering Department of the Ministry of Rrblic workse nas generallysaisfactory. It took appropriate action to solve problen:s as they rose.The efficient superuision a::d pronpt hanCl"ingcf contractor clairns by thesupenrisory consultants and forthright ttitude of the contractor playeda najor role in the successful coopletion of the road conract. The project

was aclequately sug:e1vis.d by IDA/ADBsupewision missions.

6.1-3 Th other aspect of the success of the project is its importance androle in the }Jorthern region of Sonalia. he road has provided easy accessto the port of Berbera rhich handles a substantial anount of Somaliars exports(i;articularly livestock) and inports. The zone of influence of the Hargeisa-Berbera road has been favourably affected by the initiation in recent yearsof two major projects. One of these is the DA-financed Northwest RegionalAgricultural Projecte approved in April

1g76, which is assisting in thedevelopment of the 150,000 ha of potentLaLly arable lan


40/56


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- 2 7 -

(ii) Should as a natter of urgency initiate the collection of traffic,transportation andother data in a systematic manner. Ttris iepartieulrly imporant for the economic appraisal of neTransport -

investoent.

(iii) Should seriously consider the poseibility of drawing up guidelinesand including provisions in appraisal reports and loan agreements ,, :,: $ron the collection of data during andafter the inpLenentation ofprojects. Ttris wouldensure the awarenessjobligations of borrowerein the systernatic collection of data formonitoring and evaluationof projects"

Dank

{


42/56

.> Q- - { -

PROJCLOCATION

truocRalrC(N Yf^iN

Alii.{BN.l

t '

Gull o{ Aden

- -- ' . . Oa,?'ir@rg$-,/

,I -.-

-SANA^G

ItIIII. fIl,IttIt_

z'cfltTRAI|rtcu,t

- t ! .rntdtr altC rEdr ttrr naar- Fnaor.ll 'ora.f dr-AdC136t srtm Ear:|.ltr.*lrilenCr

i..- f,*trI : i ' . r l a r r cI I r,qr r.ca

O ll trr!rr' r)F t"rrtotl*r a.1ri

rf ooilr,c croatt

G etsf ,-or.---- tg,crot brrdoflrl

o.3. 6646t6t qnrbrlr

IND'IAN

O C E A N

SOr,lAl,lATECENTECOr.'Cr,ilC

DEVETOPrtENTS. * lrf *Est acthct Llrrta|- If,ytrrrqfl.t t)Jgf tr6,.'E o*f |.barfiidarc t ta

I t[ nrryradr -rotorlra r'.

.*_:-_rc ? ro q. t.

ut0ta,

ocE.t

O lrt . aaHtlLf a

Z--\\br \

bricrou-,\

' .- -;

ADIRN

g 'lro t D@

rt( ( r f tlr

r &

I Dqrc.l ||gr! elf: rvor, sr rrceF--lilil} .,t i !elro( qrCt! r ru rrnrclrpi fnor[csir.! ls-rtll -Ar tttr-rll' . l .

i, l c.'

r,tctSrttt


43/56

29SOUALTA ANI{BX2

HARGETSA-BERBERA0Ap-rOAN oCS/S/TR/7lrcgl

Deeign StandarA for tt" ttargeiga

Design Speed (krn) 80

width of Roadwayn) 9.00 , t'I.ridth of Surfacing(m) 6.50Width of Shoul-ders I "25 each ,MininuurRadiue of Curvature (n) 400

7 7 .axinun GradeDepth of Diches (rn) 0.5lype of Surfaee DoubLebituminous

surface treatmentMain Drainagestrucrurs

rrish crossing(paved

fords)Axle Load 1o metric tons

Soutee: Joint Fiuancing Agraement


44/56

A .

- 3 0SOI'{ALIA

HARGEISA-BERBERAROAD-LOA}TNO cs/s/TR/71l0tREVISEDCOSTESTIMATESAND FINAI.ICING

Project Cost conpement,s

36 .003 .3 :

3 .8 5

0 " 3 5

3 .6 5

3 .00

0 .8 07 .4 5

5 1 . 0 0

5 1 . 2 03 . 7 0

4 . 30

0:49

5 .2 04 .3 0

0"90

.10 .407L\"09

7 . O 50"50

0" 600 .0 5r 4 c9 .6 0

7 . 8 00 . s 5

0 . 6 5

0 .0 6

0 . 7 8

0 . 6 3

0 . 31 " 5 4

t 0 . 6 0

Annex 3

zForeigtrExchingeCoaponent

7090

90

90

ItemI. Constructi.on of .,the

Hargeisa-BerberaRoad 15"20

II. Supervision of I 0.35

III. Feasibilitv Srudyand DetailedEngineering 0.45

IV. Technical Assistancein Transportation

US$(mi1lion)Local Foreign lota1

PlanningV, Contingency

Allowances:a) on I-l8Z (lOZ

physical and82 Price)

Source of Finance

2 3 2 s . 4 50 . 0 5 0 . 5 0

0 .0 5

0 . 0 1

0 .2 3

0 .2 0

0 . 0 10 .4 42 , 9 0

0 . 6 0

0 .0 s

0 .5 5

0 . 4 3

ADB(usErlion)

o ,7 50.0s

0 .0s0 . 0 10 . 1 4

I .00

0,05

l . 5 s1 . 3 0

70

70

b) on II, III ' andw- l0zphysical 0. l0sub-total v 2.95

Total Projeet Costc 19.00 70

o . t 2l . l 0

7 7 4

B .

Item

I. ConstructionII. Supervision of IfII. Feasibiliry Study and

DetaiLed EngineeringIV. Technical AssistanceV. Gontingency Allowances

Total

IDA Total

7.800 .5 s

0 .6 50 .0 6t . 5 4

t 0 . 6 0

IBRD/IDA :Appraisal of 2nd HighwayProject" Somalia, January 1972

So.Sh. (mil l ion)Local Foreign I"t.T

Sotrrce:


45/56

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46/56

32 ANNEx5

SOMALIA

HARGEISA-BERBERAOAD-LOANOCS/S/R17 / OOI

Road Maintenance Allocation by Government

Sonali FiacaL Year

1972

t973

t974

t975

t976

r977

lource: Civil EngineeringDepartoent

*. $ r :*i r '. -::

MaintenanceAllocation(So. Sh. nil l ion)

6 .4 0

9 .5 87 . 8 6

6.84

7 9 6

7 . 9 6

1


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33

SonaliaItergeisa - Bjrbqra Road @-n" ctlS/TR/711901

-,"dctual. and AppraisaL Estimtes of Disbursenents lCurnulative)/ - .

ADBFiscal Year(Quarters)

1971s IV1972 z I

II

IV

1973 z IIIIIIIV

1974z IIIIIIIV

' :1975 z I

I IIITv

1976 : IIIIII

IV1977 z I

I IIII

1978 z IIIIIIIV

1979 z II

Appraie1Estimates

us$loo 000140 000210 000290 000370 000

450 000530 000610 000690 000

780 000900 000

Annex 6

Actual disbur-gement as apercentage ofppraisalEgtipates . :

. 4 0. , 3 6

37, 3 7

4l43

Actuel

tt:

116o297.831 3 4 , 8 1 7 . 5 5

165,464 13198,336.7248' 139.3O293,282"3A

338,929.834O2,508.55452 538. 55 9 1 ,7 4 7 .6 1

8O3r t49 .069O5,51777937 849.64939,492.69

954,239.55956"392.66956,392"66

9 6 9 ,3 6 9 .5 19 6 9 ,3 6 9 " 5 1

1 0 1 3 " 5 O0 .8 2I 0 1 3 ,5 OO.8 2

1 0 1 3 , 5 0 O . 8 2I 0 1 3 ,5 0 O.9 2I 0 1 3 ,5 0 O.8 2I or3 ,5o0.82

1 Ot+ S ,3 3 3 .2 8

Appraisal Report" 1B October 1971DiebursementFile

4345

Source :


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3 4Somalia

Hareeisa - Berbera Road - Loan n" CS/S/R/71lOO1

Iteavy Vehicle

404347505457626 773788 18488929599

t031071 t 11 1 5

Annex 7

TOTAL

2883093333583854 1 04464815 1 8557579602627652678705

733762793824

1976197719781979| 9801 9 8 1198219831984I 985| 9861987t988I98919901 9 9 1

199219931994t 99s

SmaLl Vehicle

8996

103t l t1 1 9127t381491 6 1173179187194202210219

227236246256

Traffic Forecast (Af)

Mediuo Vehicl-e

1 5 01701 8 31972122262462652843063 1 93313453s8373387

403419436453

Total traffie is separated into1977 count of 31 7., 55 Z and 14is assumedas 1977-1983,5 Z, 3thereafter

Small, Medium and Eearry Vehicles byZ respectively. lraffic growthZ growth tate fox the period 1984-1990'

Source : Mission Estimatee


49/56

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50/56

Berbera

(so.stl. ooo,ooo)

rsa -

Sna11VehicLes

l{ediumVehicles

EearryVehiclee

Annex9

Total

3 6

SomaliaRo?--i6an cs/s/rR/7l1

arr

19761977| 9781979198019 8 1198219831984I9851986r987| 988f98919901 9 9 1199219931994r995

2 .67042.88033. 09043.33043.57053 .8 rO54, 14054.67064 " 8 3 0 6 .5" 1907s.37075 6 1 0 75.82086.06086.30086,57096. 81 97.08097 .3 8 07 .6 8 1 0

11.90211 2 7 2 5 5t3 698614.746615 86951 6 .9 1 7 418.414519.836821.259122.905923.879124.77732s.825326.798427.921228.969330"166931.364632.637233.9097

3.26763 . s 1 2 63.83944.08454 . 4 11 24 .65635.06475 .47325 .9 6 3 36 .3 7 1 86 .6 1 6 96 .86 t97 .18877 5 1 5 47.76A58.0873I " 4 1 4 18.74089.06769"3943

17 .84011 9 " 1 1 8 420.628422,1615

'23.8512

25.3842,27 .619729.780632.053034.463135.866737.249938.834840.3746t+l.982s43.627545.391947.186349.OB5B50.9850

Source : Mission Estinates


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- 3 7SOMALIA

LivestockBenefits

Annex 1O

NetBenefits

RoadMaintenanceCost saving

- . 2- . 23 . 2- . 2^ . 2- . 2

- 2 . 4' . 2- . 24 . 9- . 2- . 2- . 7- . 26 . 6t 1 2

6 . 64 . 9- " 74 . 9

IIARGEISA-BERBEBAoad-Ioan NOcs/s/rR 17 I OOIREOAI,CIJI.ATTON

FECONOMICAE OF-REIWF-( S o . S h . ' 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 )

VehiculeOperatingCost savingear

1972I973197t975r9761977I978r9791980l9 8 lI982198319841985r986t9871988

1989I990l9 9 lr9921993t994I995

CapitalCos

14 . 3026.842().8412. lg

( 4 . 3 1 )(26 .84)(26.84)( t 2 . t 9 )22,9523.4728.8326.8529.7429.7529.443 3 .4 835 .3942.163 8 . g l40.444t.5843,7952.3547 .3256 .064 6 .5 152.7160.42

9 .4 5I0 . 0 7I0 . 9 31 r . 7 5L2.64I 3 .4 5t4 .641 5 . g1 6 . 9 9I8 .2 6r9 . 0 1t9.742 0 .5 82 l . 3 922.2523 .1224,062 5 0 12 6 , 0 127.02

1 3 . 6l 4 . lt 4 .7r 5 . 31 5 . 9r 6 . 51 7 .21 7 . 9r 8 . 61 9 . 320.2t .92 1 .722"623.524,425.426"427 .428.5

ERR= 252Source:- l'lission Estiuates


52/56


53/56

JAMNUURTTAUNAT}Iffi.SMATTTTAttasBADDAnASI{LAIIGLUS & &{tAffisVH.

WAAIfi}ASflAPKAB. 9$8

sletds: T0CEiIIlfit SMIeloon: 8091180{T- S0{fgogdtrn$ SourpJfs.

ANNEXI

SSMAT,TDEh{SCN,AICBEPUST,AilNNTSTBTOF PLIBN,TCWSFKS &HETJS

CIVTTtrHGTTTEENI$GNNTABITf,ETTF. . ox $|S$Telex: T00 CEDrfiOG $t[tlelephone: 802T1 804?1 ffld.7?Ituqdtgtm/ gor*f,Uy

Paved 2525Gravel 350Earth t+?!lotal 4296

BCIIIts!.;ERSCOMI{ENTS

352155098

Our Ref : cED/ ,T4 IAA

To: Mr. T. Gedamu,DiteetorPlanning and'Research Depat'tmentAfrican DeveL:proentBankP. O. 8ox 1387Abidjan - Ij*ory toajt

Mogadshu, 17 06 . 1984

Subject: Corncnentn ?ost EvalgLCjPJ Repo.rt.of Hargei3 - Berbera Road

' Dear Sir,

l{e are pteased to acknonledge receipt of your letter datd 5th !'Iarch 1984together with the text of the post evaluat.ion teport of tlargeisa - BefberaRoad project and pleased to inforrn you hat afeer examining thorougbly theinforrnations described in the text af the report, I,rare in agreeuent ithhe content of the repor except mi.nor pointe nhich are indieated below;

PaEe 2Under trrnsport syseo, coastal Line of Souralia is 30360 tfurs and not

2,50 ltois.PaLq.3.. Under road aet work ( up date to 1984)

I3:gg:l-tgggg Secondary_Roa-g Fgl:-a1/fqedejl-loads All Roade

- '220,Je,0oo 18519'5348 12,t0 21644

Page 4Under (ii) Hargeisa - Boraus Road (Gebile -' Nabadid Section)

The second coutract of, llargeisa - Batama Road (Gebile - Nabadid section)had been awarded to Chinese finn Mee$rs. SlEfCO. Agreenent.betseen theSorali Go'rernuent and SIETCOvas signe-d an 10/5/83, the duration of thecontract is l? nths for the ccmpletion of the above mentioned section.

Hovevero due to deLayof the advance payeent of the tontrctor, the projeetie delayed approx. Baronthe, CompletLoa of. Gebile- Nabadid sectiotl ieexpected to be completed early !'ebruary 1985.

- ) . - 2 l . ,


54/56

t .'I


55/56

Pgse 6 tlnder S (;.)The X.*ngt.hof !3*r6ete - Bcrr;:*.:sa.*ccti e 13T g:cs a$d the lir*ta fug lCejale * T9 Rr**"

Fage 13 - ti*der p&s.3.3.4"turin6g*pril 19SZ a c3rctror.earrging high iaeeurlty reahit tbe Cuase*I lire of $orna.iralong he ret.? eea sd asa resu,t of ttre estrs orrtiaary irrensity o sals 30 kmeof Scrgei.s * B*rbera Ro*dsae eorgLetely uexhad out*hovever, the Sonm.iGovernsert hed idisee.y *l3.ocetedfrrnd and ehe Civil F.ag{.ncering Depertent hd rer*conatructedthe dangedse{:tiou rf the road to the design sradrrd ofthe project. he preeent etur$tion of Eergeisa - Berbetaftoad is in goad Btsnderd s & trhol.

H,indlysccep Ehe asaursnce of qy highe*t eonsideratios.

1iDept,

ccl iliaietry of Fin*ncetlo8adiehu

f airtrf

Eirector

- - 1 j . .


56/56

Documents

HARGEISA-BERBERA ROAD PROJECT 1975