Hassan Fathi

فتحي المعماري حسن1989 - 1900 مارس 23

فتحي حسن

عام فتحي حسن المهندس ميالدية 1900ولد مخانة 1926 المهندس من العمارة . دبلومالعمارة )( 30-57) قسم وترأس ـ الجميلة الفنون بكلية للعمارة محاضر أستاذ ( 57-53ـ(57-62 ) " بأثينا " ـ واإلنشاء للتصميم دوكسياريس مؤسسة مستشار . ـالتخطيط "( 64-68) قسم الشريف األزهر بجامعة محاضر أستاذ ". ـشيكاغو ( 69 -67) بجامعة إستفسون أدالي بمعهد خبير ـ

1959 م سنة التشجيعية الدولة جائزة على حصل ـسنة 1969 التقديرية الدولة جائزة ـ

سنة Jوفي م1989وت

الوقت في ومستفيدة أمته تراث على مرتكزة خاصة نظر وجهة له ا Pمهندس كونه في فتحي لحسن الحقيقة األهمية تكمن . زالت ما بل يمت، لم Pا وتراث وحضارة، حياة كان بل وسقف، جدران مجرد يكن لم عنده فالبناء اآلخرين إنجازات من نفسه

انقطاع غير في Wا جدي P تواصال التراث هذا مع متواصل لمستقبل جيدPا وإعدادPا حية، . روحه

: وليس التقليدي، التعاون طريق عن ألنفسهم بأنفسهم بالبناء األهالي قيام أهمهما افكارا فتحي حسن المهندس ويطرحذوي األهالي القتصاديات الحديثة والتكنولوجيا الهندسة علوم وإخضاع البيروقراطيين، الموظفين لذات التعاونية الجمعيات

إيجاد يستلزم ذلك أن هنا فتحي حسن ويؤكد الدخول، هذه مع يتفق مسكن بإيجاد يسمح بما االنخفاض، شديدة الدخول - التقليدية، – / غير الحالية الظروف في التقليدي التعاوني النظام فاعلية باستمرار يسمح بما مالي إداري االجتماعي النظام

االجتماعي التحول عمليات جراء من األهالي من العظمى للغالبية بالنسبة األوان قبل فاعليته بطلت الذي النظام ذاتالثالث العالم أو gع المصن غير العالhم معها iت jرhوج gع المJصhن hم العال شملت التي . واالقتصادي

بسيطة مصريمعماري • مواد الستعمال منهاج أسس. المحيطة للبيئة مناسب لبناء طبيعية

" الشد جهود تتحمل مواد استعمال يتطلب ألنه السقف؛ في تتمثل البناء عملية في الرئيسية االقتصادية العقبةهذه وحل المصنعة، المواد بهذه الخبراء تمسك كان هنا ومن والخشب، المسلحة بالخرسانة والقص واالنحناءشكل السقف أعطوا الذين األجداد انتهجه الذي المعماري تراثنا من oدhمh ت iسJم فتحي حسن عند الفنية المشكلة

الضغط، جهود على واقتصرت والقص، واالنحناء الشد جهود كل امتنعت وبذلك سلسلي، منحنى ذي قبوالهندسي الشكل طريق عن المشكل حلوا القدامى إن يسر، بكل الضغوط هذه يتحمل األخضر والطوب

القدماء أخضع وهكذا الغالية، المصنعة المواد استعمال طريق عن وليس للسقف

خشبية، عبوات أو صلبات بدون المقببة األسقف هذه بإنشاء تسمح بحيث الفقراء األهالي القتصاديات التكنولوجيالم التي النوبة، بالد في القريب األمس إلى سائدة كانت التي بالطرق بساطة بكل الهواء، في يثبتونها إنهم

يرد إقليم في وخاصة اليوم إلى إيران في سائدة ". تزل

فهو العمارة، مجال في فلسفته إلى فتحي حسن مدخل هو والتراث الثقافة لكلمتي الواسع المفهوم كانوالروحية، " المادية حاجاته استيفاء في البيئة مع اإلنسان ذكاء تفاعل نتيجة بأنها عJرفت الثقافة أن يرى

أن المعقول من ليس ألنه العمارة؛ ومنها التشكيلية الفنون على التعريف هذا صدق ينطبق ما أكثر وينطبقمهندس يقوم أن Jعiقل ي وال يمكن ال كما بالده، طبيعة عن ونخيل جuمال بها لوحة سويسري مصور يصور

كما Pا مضحك ا Pأمر يكون إنه وجمال، نخيل وبجواره الكويت، أو مصر في سويسري شاليه ببناء عربي معماريشاليهات ببناء ليس العربية، البالد كافة في اليوم الحادث هو هذا لألسف ولكن الهزلية، األفالم في هو

مع يتنافى الذي الحديث الغربي الطراز على أمريكية عمارات ببناء وإنما العربية، المنطقة في سويسريةوالجuمال النخيل كأشكال المباني تلك بجوار نراهم عندما تصبح التي ومالمحهم الناس وأشكال البالد طبيعة

السويسري الشاليه ". بجوارللبيئة المختلفة لألبعاد مدرك ولكنه مهندس، مجرد ليس المعماري يكون أن على يؤكد نرى كما فتحي فحسن

للمكان البناء مناسبة بمراعاة يهتم كما Wا، وبيولوجي Wا وسيكولوجي Wا واجتماعي Wا تاريخي صحراء / / )والسكان xوادالبابلي( أو القبطي أو الفرعوني الطابع يصبح أن يرفض وهو البيئة، مع متناسب وغير ا Pقبيح يكون ال حتى جبل

أفقه سعة عن يعبر وهو الغربي، النمط على معماري بناء في زائفة حلية مجرد اإلسالمي أو اآلشوري أو " : أخرى عناصر مقابل اليوم، تصلح ال التقليدية العمارة في بائدة قديمة عناصر hمjة ث إن بقوله فهمه وذكاء .." عند المعماري فالفن المحلية البناء مواد من بوحي وإثراؤها استخالصها يجب التي هي متطورة فعالة

وبالظروف " السائدة والسمات والقوى بالمالمح مرهون هو بل العصور، لكل ثابتة صيغة ليس فتحي حسنالتغير الدائمة ". الخاصة

األقصر، – - مواجهة في النيل وادي جنوب الغربي البر في القرنة قرية في فلسفته فتحي حسن طبق لقد " الشهرة " فتحي حسن وأعطى أجنبية لغات بعدة Jشر ن الذي الفقراء عمارة كتابه في Wا تفصيلي وشرحها

العالمية

القرنة قرية

" الفقراء عمارة كتاب بسبب شهرة فتحي مشاريع . " اكثر حد وضع القرية بإنشاء المصرية اآلثار هيئة أرادت قد و إنشائها قصة يسرد الذي . المنحدرات علي القديمة القرنة في يعيشون قبائل خمسة توطين إعادة محاولته في و الملكات و الملوك وادي في المقابر لسرقة

بيع و الزراعة علي يقوم جديد اقتصاد القرية لسكان ينشئ أن خطط و بدنات إلى الجديدة القرية قسم فتحي فان الوادي من بالقرب . المدن مخططة أسمتها التي القاعدة علي المخطط اعتمد اآلثار عن المشروع غير البحث من بدال السائحين إلى التقليدية المنتجات

." في " و اإلنساني المقياس ذات الوسطية ب أثينا في البشرية المستوطنات علوم مركز في الحقا فتحي مع عملت التي تيرويت جاكلينو البدنات أو السكنية للمجاورات متوسط ميدان ثم الكبير العام الميدان من تبدأ مختلفة بأحجام األفنية استخدم المفهوم هذا فان الواقع . خطوة أيضا فتحي اتخذ معا الزائرين و للسكان الخاصة و العامة المناطق بين معماري تدرج لتمثل المنزل داخل الصغيرة باألفنية تنتهي

القرية ليجعل ذلك و سكانه الحتياجات طبقا و حدة علي منها واحد كل بتصميم قام و القرية لمنازل موحد تصميم وضع بعدم مسبوقة غيرالخارجي " الشكل في متطابقين توأم كانا لو حتى و تماما متشابهين رجلين يوجد ال الطبيعة في النقطة هذه عن قال قد و إنسانية اكثر

منزلين . سكانها يبنيها التي القري في نجد ال فإننا لذا فرد كل أحالم يعكس المنزل تصميم إن بما و أحالمهما في اختالفات توجد فانهإليجاد". البناء أساليب و التخطيط القواعد حيث من اتباعه يمكن كنموذج المشروع هذا رأي فانه المفهوم هذا من بالرغم و متطابقين

. المسجد مثل العامة المباني من أوال االنتهاء تم و الكبير المركزي بالميدان القرية بناء بدأ مصر فقراء إسكان مشكلة لحل اقتصادي حل . أيضا كمكتب استخدمه الذي و بفتحي الخاص المنزل إلى إضافة البنين مدرسة و السوق و المعرض و البلدية قاعة و المسرح و الخان و . القرية خمس بناء تم أن بعد توقف العمل فان كتابه في فتحي وصفها التي للعقبات نظرا و دائمة بصورة المسجد صيانة تتم فانه حاليا و

و – – النامية البالد في العام اإلسكان مشاريع في األخرى الفاشلة المحاوالت علي اكتمالها عدم مع حتى جذري خروج تمثل التي فقطالشبيه المشاريع كل علي ملحوظ تأثير الجديدة للقرنة زال ما و الذاتية للجهود اتباعه يمكن نموذج أصبحت إنها حيث الصناعية

يعتمد أو الذات على يعتمد مشروعPا ا Pأساس يكون لما المرشد هو يكون أن يمكن المعماري المهندس أن هو لنا فتحي الدكتور يبينه وماأناس ومع اإلحساس، فاقدي البيروقراطيين ومع الساحق، الفقر مشاكل مع الصراع في يخوض إذ فتحي والدكتور الذاتي، العون على

.. أهميته له يطرحه الذي والحل أيضPا، ملهم هو ما بل فحسب، اإلجابات ال jد وhل قد هكذا فإنه مهارات بال كئيبين أناس ومع بالشك، مليئينالدولي النطاق على Wا أساسي موردPا يشكل ما وروحه وخبرته فكره وفي كله، العالم نطاق ". على

عنه نكتب أن علينا ليس لميالده المئوية الذكرى وفي األفكار، لهذه ا Pنجاح تمثل وتطبيقاته بالحيوية، تتمتع فتحي حسن أفكار زالت ماالمختلفة حياتنا مجاالت في وأفكاره لفلسفته الجوهري األساس نستلهم بل فقط، ذكراه ونمجد

: خمسةمراحل إلى فتحي حسن أعمال تقسيم يمكن

البناء : األولى 1926- 1937 في العالمية الطرز يتبع كان وفيها مباشرة تخرجه بعدالقرنة : الثانية 1937- 1957 قرية مشاريعها ابرز و المحلية العمارة إحياء و اكتشاف إلى فيها اتجه ومدينة : الثالثة 1957- 1962 مشروع في شارك و المشاريع من بالعديد قام فيها و اليونان في عمله فترة هي

المستقبلباريس : الرابعة 1980-1963 قرية مشاريعها اشهر و ابداعا و انتاجية المراحل اكثر هي

اإلسالم – – : الخامسة 1980- 1989 دار قرية هي مشاريعها أهم و السن في التقدم لدواعي المشاريع فيها قلت

مؤلفاته أهم : منالمصرية • الثقافة وزارة عن محدودة طبعة في وصدر باإلنجليزية كتبه الذي الفقراء ، 1969عمارةالمعارف • دار ـ كتابك ـ والبيئة . 1977العمارة

والفرنسية باإلنجليزية العمارة وتاريخ العمراني والتخطيط واإلسكان العمارة مجال في األبحاث من الكثير له. والعربية

شخصياتها ومالبس لديكوراتها تصميمات ووضع بنفسه ألفها مسرحيات عدة مخطوطاته في . وجد

أهمها من العالمية، المعمارية والهيئات الجامعات من كبير عدد من والنياشين والجوائز الشهادات من ا Pكبير عددPا : نال

العالم " في مهندس أحسن للبناء الدولي االتحاد ". 1987جائزةللعمارة األغاخان منظمة من الرئيس .1980جائزة

:كلماته زبائني 800هناك هم هؤالء السكن سوء بسبب المبكر بالموت عليهم محكوم الثالث العالم فقراء من نسمة . مليون

قال المسلحة الخرسانة بيت وحرارة الطبيعية بالمواد مبني بيت حرارة بين الفرق القدرة : عن أملك طالما كمهندسالبيت داخل الحرارة ارفع ان P مطلقا لي يغفر لن الله فإن الناس إلراحة متعمدا 17والوسيلة مئوية درجة

Born 1899Died 1989Gender MaleCountry of Origin Egypt Description/Biography:Fathy devoted himself to housing the poor in developing nations and deserves study by anyone

involved in rural improvement. Fathy worked to create an indigenous environment at a minimal cost, and in so doing to improve the economy and the standard of living in rural areas. Fathy utilized ancient design methods and materials. He integrated a knowledge of the rural Egyptian economic situation with a wide knowledge of ancient architectural and town design techniques. He trained local inhabitants to make their own materials and build their own buildings. Climatic conditions, public health considerations, and ancient craft skills also affected his design decisions. Based on the structural massing of ancient buildings, Fathy incorporated dense brick walls and traditional courtyard forms to provide passive cooling. 23 March 1900 Born in Alexandria, Egypt.1926Graduated from High School of Engineering, Architectural Section, University of King Fuad I )now University of Cairo(, Cairo.1926-1930Worked at the Department of Municipal Affairs, Cairo.1930-1946 Taught at the Faculty of Fine Arts, Cairo.1937Designed and exhibited first mud brick projects - country houses for Lower Egypt.1941Constructed first mud brick structures incorporating the inclined vault - experimental housing in Bahtim, Egypt, commissioned by the Royal Society of Agriculture.1946-1953

Hassan Fathy

Delegated to the Antiquities Department to design and supervise the project of New Gourna Village at Luxor, to displace the inhabitants of the Old Gourna from the Antiquities Zone.1949-1952Appointed Director of the School Building Department, Ministry of Education.1950Delegated Consultant to the United Nations Refugee World Assistance.1953-1957

Returned to teaching at the Faculty of Fine Arts, Cairo. Head of the Architectural Section in 1954.1957-1962Joined Doxiades Associates in Athens as consultant. Lecturer on Climate and Architecture at the Athens Technical Institute. Member of the Research Project for the City of the Future.1963-1965Director of Pilot Projects for Housing, Ministry of Scientific Research, Cairo. Designed High Institute of Social Anthropology and Folk Art for the Ministry of Culture, Cairo. Worked as Consultant to the Minister of Tourism, Cairo. Delegated by the United Nations Organization for Rural Development Project in Saudi Arabia.1966Lectured on philosophy and aesthetics in Town Planning and Architecture Department at al-Azhar University.1975-1977Lectured on rural housing at the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University.1976-1980Member, Steering Committee, Aga Khan Award for Architecture.1977-Founder and Director, the International Institute for Appropriate Technology.AffiliationsMember of the High Council of Arts and Letters, Egypt. Honorary Fellow, American Research Centre, Cairo.Honorary Fellow, American Institute of Architecture, 1976.Awards1959 Encouragement Prize for Fine Arts and Gold Medal.1967National Prize for Fine Arts and Republic Decoration.1980Chairman's Award, the Aga Khan Award for Architecture.1984 Union Internationale des Architectes, Gold Medal

Abdul-rahman Nassef House

Variant Names: Abdulrahman Nassief House Location Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Date1973 Century 20th Decade 1970s Building Type residential Building Usage private residence Notes"The house was built with stone block recovered from the demolition of the traditional tower

houses in the old city, which the client unsuccessfully tried to save. Rather than using the familiar dome over the majlis here, the architect felt that an octagonal shukshieka would be more regionally appropriate, and the use of this particular element carries over into a larger house designed in Tabuk soon afterward. In the Tabuk example, two dynamically offset qa'as, linked by a passageway, serve to anchor the plan. This passageway, in turn, serves as a spine that spans between an open, central courtyard on one side and a large, public majlis with its related dining area on the other.“

Source: Richards, J.M., I. Serageldin, & D Rastorfer. 1985. Hassan Fathy. In Mimar: Architects in the

third world. Concept Media, plates 79-87.Steele, James. 1989. The Hassan Fathy Collection. A Catalogue of Visual Documents at the Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Bern, Switzerland: The Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 52.

Abu al-Qicher` Laboratory

Variant Names:Aboul-Eichre Laboratory, Abu al Qichr Laboratory of Natural Medicine LocationCairo, Egypt Architect/PlannerHassan Fathy ClientDr. Ibrahim Abu al-Qichr‘ Date1970Century20thDecade1970s Building Type educational Building Usage research center Notes:"A laboratory for homeopathic medicine in an unknown location provides work and office

space in a two-part complex, joined by partywall, of which each has its own central court. The client was Dr. Ibrahim Abu al-Qichr'." )construction not verified(

Source:Steele, James. 1997. An Architecture for People: The Complete Works of Hassan Fathy.

London, United Kingdom: Thames and Hudson.

Akil Sami House

Location Dahshur, Egypt Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Date 1978 Century 20th Decade 1970s Building Type residential Building Usage private residence

Notes"This house, and several others that followed it in the same area, were built in local limestone

because of a governmental ban on the use of mud-brick following the construction of the high dam, as well as unsatisfactory test results for the structural strength of the soil in this area, first confirmed in the Fouad Riad project. The takhtabush and courtyard area of the house with wooden pergola, recall the latticework notably used in the Moastirli residence in 1950." )constructed(


London, United Kingdom: Thames and Hudson

Al-Bakliya Resthouse

Variant Names :El-Bakleya Resthouse, al Bakliya Resthouse Location Kafr al-Hima, Egypt Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Client M.E.G. Takla Pasha Date 1940 Century 20th Decade 1940s Building Type residential Building Usage private residence

Notes:"This remodelling of a resthouse for M.E.G. Takla Pasha was for his farm on an

agricultural road in Kafr al-Hima, and was intended as an adjunct for a large villa already built within a walled compound. Watercolour renderings of this project that have survived indicate the importance that the architect placed upon its presentation to the client." )construction not verified(



Al-Kachkacin Printing Shop

Variant Namesal Kachkacin Printing Shop Location Cairo, Egypt Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Client Mustapha Bey al-Kachkacin Date 1932 Century 20th Decade1930s Building Type commercial Building Usage store Notes"Designed for Mustapha Bey al-Kachkacin to expand his newspaper operation, this six-

storey office building was to be the home of his Abu al-Hol and al-Sabah Journal, on al-Dakhliya Street in Cairo. Similar in style to the Omar and al-Bariya villas, with flat roof and industrial windows, it uses the grid and curtain-wall system then being put forward as part of the five points of architecture in Europe." )construction not verified(

Source:Steele, James. 1997. An Architecture for People: The Complete Works of Hassan Fathy. L

ondon, United Kingdom: Thames and Hudson.

Al-Mashrabiya Tourist Cener

Variant Names El-Mushrabeya Tourist Centre, al MashrabiyaStreet Address Maryouteya Road to Kirdasa LocationGiza, Egypt Architect/PlannerHassan Fathy Date1976 Century 20th Decade1970s Building Type commercial Building Usage office building/complex

Notes:"Commissioned by the Shukri brothers for a busy street-side site in Giza, near the

Pyramids, the plans were to include residential units, studios, restaurants, craft shops, a mosque and a theatre."

Source :Steele, James. 1997. An Architecture for People: The Complete Works of Hassan Fathy.


Al-Sabah House

Variant Names Sabbagh Palace, Sabah Palace, Sheik Nasr House, al-Sabah House Location Kuwait City, Kuwait Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Date 1978 Century 20th Decade1970s Building Type residential Building Usage private residence Notes:"The Sabah Palace in Kuwait is the last documented residential project to have been

completed in the Gulf and was commissioned by His Highness Prince Nasser Al-Sabah in 1978. In plan, the house represents one of the clearest expressions to date of Fathy's consistent considerations of public and private space, which manifests itself in two totally separate sections offset along a central rift line that acts as a wall between them. The massing of the building also emphasizes this intentional rift, with a high malkaf proudly announcing the location of the central courtyard in the interior. The pergola used over this court is also a familiar image, having been used in the Monasterli residence nearly thirty years before.“

Source: Steele, James. 1989. The Hassan Fathy Collection. A Catalogue of Visual Documents at the

Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Bern, Switzerland: The Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 53.

Alaa Al-din Mustafa House

Variant Names Alaadin Mustapha House Street Address El-Mahamid Location Idfu, Egypt Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Date 1981 Century 20th Decade 1980s Building Type residential Building Usage private residence Notes:"A house designed in 1981 for [Fathy's] Master Mason Alaadin Mustapha takes on added significance when the

long collaboration between these two men is closely considered. Mustapha not only introduced Nubian construction techniques to Fathy, but also implemented them in many of the projects built in the forty years since. One of the most important features in Mustapha's own house is the main doorway, which is the only interpretation of a Nubian-style portal found in any of the architect's work since Balitim. Perhaps when he designed it, Fathy was thinking of an experience he had described in 1967, when he said, "I have found a similar case when I was in charge of building the village of New Gourna, near Luxor. I asked Muallim Alaadin Moustapha to decorate the main entrance door to one of the houses in any way he wished. He designed some hieroglyphic symbols on top of the door representing God, the earth and the mountains, between a five-pointed star. When I asked him how he knew about this symbol, he told me it prevented the "evil eye". He didn't realize that it was a hieroglyph.

It so happens that optimism and pessimism pass from generation to generation even when people change their religion. The constancy of the Nubians in using these decorations for their front doors is due mainly to the fact that they are so isolated which has allowed them to

continue as a prototype since the time of the Pharaohs.The plan itself is also a direct interpretation of a traditional Nubian house as found in Abou el-Riche or Gharb Aswan today, which are both among many such villages previously surveyed by the architect. In this reasonably literal translation, the symbolic doorway leads directly into a sequence of rooms lined up on either side of an open entrance vestibule which are each related to the entertainment of guests. A long, vaulted room to the left of the main door, with built-in seats, or "mastaba" set between the piers that support it, is set aside for larger, special ceremonial functions just as in the traditional model. A smaller, square muddiffa on the right serves smaller groups, or individuals, who might visit on a more frequent basis. A door at the rear of the entry vestibule leads across an open court and up a short flight of stairs to a corridor serving all of the private family rooms strung along the rear wall of the house, which are visually and physically cut off from the guest rooms in front. This corridor also leads directly outside into an enclosed service court with its own exterior access. While in the established Nubian prototype this yard is almost always set aside for animals, the only function specified by the architect in this case is the storage of fodder." )construction not verified(


Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Bern, Switzerland: The Aga Khan Trust for Culture. 85.

Alexandria Resthouse

Location Aswan, Egypt Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Date 1955 Century 20th Decade 1950s Building Type residential Building Usage private residence

Notes:"Located to the southwest of Jabal Tagug, near Aswan, on a steep, curving escarpment,

this house has one of the most animated and unusual of any of Fathy's plans. Existing in rough sketches only, the location is tantalizingly close to the cliff face, matching the topographical contours to a remarkable extent." )construction not verified(



Ali Bey Fathy Apartment

Location Cairo, Egypt Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Date 1960 Century 20th Decade 1960s Building Type residential Building Usage apartment building Notes: "Adapted from a previous design, the plan for this apartment for Fathy's brother works

within a curved exterior glass curtain wall, taking advantage of the view, and uses a projecting baratsi truss roof to shade the glass. As in the Mehrez apartment, extremely efficient use of limited space characterizes the design, which also takes advantage of the exterior roof-top area for outside pergola-covered patios." )construction not verified(

Source: Steele, James. 1997. An Architecture for People: The Complete Works of Hassan Fathy.


Alpha Bianca House

Location Alcudia, Spain Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Date 1979 Century 20th Decade 1970s Building Type military Building Usage ribat

Notes:"Built for artists Yannick Vu and Ben Jackober, this house is designed after a ribat, or

desert fortress, with high crenellated walls, and a beautiful interior garden. The interior woodwork was executed by the al-Nagar family, who worked on many of Fathy's houses and also asked him to design a house for them on the same island." )constructed(



Badran Villa

Variant Names: Mrs. T. Badran Villa, Villa pour Mme Badran Location Egypt Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Date 1940 Century 20th Decade 1940s Building Type residential Building Usage private residence

Notes:"Partially executed drawings indicate intentions for a two-storey residence, with a highly

formalized and colonnaded central entrance hall, to be built in brick." )construction not verified(



Beit ar-Rihan

Variant Names Bayt al-Rayhan Location Kuwait City, Kuwait Architect/PlannerHassan Fathy Date 1981 Century 20th Decade 1980s Building Type residential Building Usage private residence

Notes A private residence for the al-Sabah family designed by the late Hassan Fathy, entirely

constructed in brick and completed during 1981. Some of the arches appeared to have failed, and in 1988, the Jordanian architect Badi al-Abed undertook their restoration and completion of the residence according to Fathy's designs.

Source: AKTC

Carr House

Location Athens, Greece Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Date 1964 Century 20th Decade 1960s Building Type residential Building Usage private residence

Notes"Several proposals for a country house for Marion Carr, who wanted to build a retreat in

Liodessi, near Athens, show Fathy's exploration of local vernacular construction methods, especially in roofing. The linear form of the house, however, remains constant throughout, with rooms arranged in series along a gallery to take advantage of nearby olive groves." )designed but not built(



Casaroni House

Location Giza, Egypt

Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Date 1980 Century 20th Decade 1980s Building Type residential Building Usage private residence Notes "The Casaroni residence, or "Mit Rehan" ['Pathway of the Basil'] as it has been called by its

owners, is very near the Greiss house on the Shabramant Road, and is one of the most elegant of Fathy's residential works yet to be built. Construction was once again overseen by the client rather than the architect, more specifically by Mahmood Fahmy, who saw to its timely completion. In the interim, Fahmy was also able to cooperate with the architect in solving several special problems. One of the most fascinating of these was finding a natural way of sealing the Fayum limestone that was used by coating it with boiled oil from the Helba plant so that the soft yellow colour of the stone would not change. The house as built is quite different from the final documents, with a first floor added over one entire portion during the course of construction because of the client's wish for more space. Most recently, further changes have been made, which have significantly altered the character of a delightful south facing terrace and taktaboosh, as well as the interior quality of many of the rooms." )constructed(


Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Bern, Switzerland: The Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 84.

New Gourna Village

Location New Gourna, Egypt Architect/Planner Hassan Fathy Date 1945-1948 Century 20th Decade 1940s Building Types miscellaneous, residential Building Usage new town planning, housing development

Notes"The village of New Gourna, which was partially built between 1945 and 1948, is possibly the most

well known of all of Fathy's projects because of the international popularity of his book, "Architecture for the Poor", published nearly twenty years after the experience and concentrating primarily on the ultimately tragic history of this single village. While the architect's explanations offered in the book are extremely compelling and ultimately persuasive, New Gourna is still most significant for the questions it raises rather than the problems it tried to solve, and these questions still await a thorough, objective analysis.

The idea for the village was launched by the Egyptian Department of Antiquities as a potentially cost-effective solution to the problem of relocating an entire entrenched community of entrepreneurial excavators that had established itself over the royal necropolis in Luxor. The village of New Gourna also seemed to offer Fathy a perfect opportunity to finally test the ideas unveiled at Mansouria on a large scale and to see if they really could offer a viable solution to the rural housing problem in Egypt.

The Village was meant to be a prototype but rather than subscribing to the current idea of using a limited number of unit types, Fathy took the unprecedented approach of seeking to satisfy the individual needs of each family in the design. As he said in Architecture for the Poor, "In Nature, no two men are alike. Even if they are twins and physically identical, they will differ in their dreams. The architecture of the house emerges from the dream; this is why in villages built by their inhabitants we will find no two houses identical. This variety grew naturally as men designed and built their many thousands of dwellings through the millennia. But when

the architect is faced with the job of designing a thousand houses at one time, rather than dream for the thousand whom he must shelter, he designs one house and puts three zeros to its right, denying creativity to himself and humanity to man. As if he were a portraitist with a thousand commissions and painted only one picture and made nine hundred and ninety nine photocopies. But the architect has at his command the prosaic stuff of dreams. He can consider the family size, the wealth, the social status, the profession, the climate, and at last, the hopes and aspirations of those he shall house. As he cannot hold a thousand individuals in his mind at one time, let him begin with the comprehensible, with a handful of people or a natural group of families which will bring the design within his power. Once he is dealing with a manageable group of say twenty or thirty families, then the desired variety will naturally and logically follow in the housing."

All of the architect's best intentions, however, were no match for the avariciousness of the Gournis themselves, who took every opportunity possible to sabotage their new village in order to stay where they were and to continue their own crude but lucrative version of amateur archaeology. Typically but mistakenly misreading the reluctance of the people to cooperate in the design and building of the village as a sure sign of the inappropriateness of both programming and form, many contemporary critics fail to penetrate deeper into the relevant issues raised by this project. These issues now, as at the time of construction half a century ago, revolve around the extremely important question of how to create a culturally and environmentally valid architecture that is sensitive to ethnic and regional traditions without allowing subjective values and images to intervene in the design process. In the final analysis, the portion of New Gourna that was completed must be judged on this basis."

Village site plan plan of Mediterranean centre

village site plan

village crafts exhibition

village craft exhibition

•School plan

Sketches, assembly hall and vestia study

•Theatre section, elevations , plans

•theatre village & exchange section

•site plan large project

•Theatre ground floor

•Theatre

Site plan

•School design drawing, plan

•School design drawing plan

•Neighbourhood no. 6 design drawing, plan

•Neighbourhood no. 4 design drawing, plan

•Neighbourhood no. 1 design drawing, plan with unit

•Mosque-hammam compound sketches

•Site plan

•Site plan

•Housing design drawing triangular unit and linear unit plans

•farmers back ground floor

•Exhibitionsections –elevation & plans

•farmers back elevation

Farmers housing design drawing, roof plan, front elevation

•first floor plan

Farmers housing sections and elevations

•gourna mosque elevation Farmers housing plans

and elevations

عامه • مناظيرللقريه