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Hassan Isse Khat Training Khat Workshop

Hassan Isse

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Khat Training Khat Workshop. Hassan Isse. Aim. To give participants an understanding of khat, its effects, risks and harm associated. Learning outcomes. By the end of the course participants will have: Have considered the difference between other substance use and Khat - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Hassan Isse

Hassan Isse

Khat Training

Khat Workshop

Page 2: Hassan Isse

Aim

To give participants an understanding of khat, its effects, risks and harm associated.

Page 3: Hassan Isse

Learning outcomes

By the end of the course participants will have: 1. Have considered the difference between

other substance use and Khat 2. Have gained an updated knowledge of khat,

its effects and risks 3. Have considered why people use khat 4. Understand treatment options.

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Khat

Page 5: Hassan Isse

Khat

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What is it?Khat is a green leafy plant cultivated throughout Eastern Africa and Yemen. Khat is a natural stimulant from Catha edulis and it has effect like speed and amphetamines.Street names Commonly known as qat, Jaad, chad, Khat and Miraa. There are more than 70 varities of khat in the world such as Miraa from Kenya Hawadaaye from Somalia Kaad methani sabir from Yemen Harari from Ethiopia

How takenIt can be chewed or drunk. A khat chewing session fulfils an important social function similar to the use of caffeine and alcohol in Europe. A khat chewing session may last 3-5 hours.Extent of useUsed by specific Arabic and north, central and eastern Africans. Commonly associated with Somali men. Has a similar function to coffee with a meal, but some say its use in the UK is escalating - causing harm to certain communities.

Khat & its Types

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Khat Project resources 2004

How to chew khat

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Khat Project resources 2004

Chewing sessions

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Khat Project resources 2004

Khat session

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Khat Project resources 2004

How It Grows

Khat grows in Ethiopia, Kenya and Yemen. It grows in highlands between 3000-8000 feet as natural.

Size is a 10 to 20-foot flowering evergreen. There are two type of khat “white and red” size is 5-

10cm long and 1-4cm wide.

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Khat Project resources 2004

Ethiopian Hills Where Khat is cultivate

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Khat Project resources 2004

Khat and Law Khat is not illegal to use or trade in the UK It is controlled by law in countries such as an

America, Canada, Norway and Sweden. In 1980 the WHO classified Khat as drug of abuse

that can produce mild to moderate psychic dependence due to Cathinone.

In the USA listed as schedule 1 drug, which is controlled substance.

In UK although Cathenione and cathine controlled by the Misuse of Drug Act 1971 (class C) khat itself is not. An offence is committed only if the active constituents are isolated from the plant. However there will be some legislations soon .

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Chemical Constituents

Khat leaves contain psychoactive known as Cathinone which is structurally and chemically similar to Amphetamine and Cathine a milder form of Cathinone.

Other components include: Cathidine, Celastrin, Tannin and many amino acids, minerals and vitamins mainly Vitamin C.

Page 15: Hassan Isse

Khat Project resources 2004

What gives khat its stimulant effect on the Central Nervous System?

Presence in fresh, young leaves of cathinone; older leaves contain cathine (norpseudoephedrine)

Similar in chemistry to amphetamines

CH3

HONH2

Cathine

CH3

NH2

O

CH3

NH2

(-)-Cathinone (+)-Amphetamine

CH3

NHCH3

OO OCH3

'Ecstasy'

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Effects

After chewing khat people mild euphoria and 'talkativeness', users often report calming effects.

Inflammation of the mouth and other parts of the oral cavity is common with users.

Long time khat use can causes Psychological dependence.

Excessive khat use can bring on depression, anxiety and irritation, sometimes leading to psychosis (severe mental disorder in which the individual's contact with reality becomes highly distorted (delusions).

It might lead to heart disease and loss of sex drive in men.

Oral cancer can develop.

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Khat Project resources 2004

Pharmacological effect

Mydriasis (dilation of pupil of the eye) Tachycardia (increased heart bating) Elevated blood pressure Headaches Hyperthermia (warm) Increased respiration Urinary retention Increased urine output (due to fluid intake)

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Khat Project resources 2004

Medical Aspects of chewing

Periodontal Disease Stomatitis and oral cancer Gastritis and gastric ulcer Cirrhosis of liver

(Hepatotoxic effect) Chemical hepatitis A. B

and C. (chemical treatments)

Constipation Anorexia (loss of Appetite

and weight), leading to malnutrition

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Khat Project resources 2004

Heart and cardio-vascular effects

Hypertension/increased blood pressure

Migraine

Brain haemorrhage

Increased heart rate/palpitation

Other heart problems

Page 20: Hassan Isse

Khat Project resources 2004

Mental Health problems causes by khat use

Insomnia (loss of sleep) Anxiety and nightmares Aggressive behaviour and

irritation Paranoia Depression and Psychosis Sex problems such as

impotence

Page 21: Hassan Isse

Khat Project resources 2004

Risk factors associated with khat use

Decreases life span due to chronic illnesses Susceptibility to infectious diseases such as

TB, Increasing HIV/AIDS and STD (sex trade) Smoking increases risk of lung cancer Poor hygiene increases risk of infections Chemical poisoning due to use of pesticides Social and economic uncertainty

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Khat Project resources 2004

Khat Overdose

Agitation, paranoia, and repetitive behaviours

Rapid heart beat and breathing High body temperature Convulsions Emergency treatment includes basic

support, keep person cool, and calling the emergency

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Khat Project resources 2004

Positive side of khat use

Almost a hobby type of interest Subdued feeling, leading to lowered risks of violence

and less aggression Allows longer working hours, e.g. long distance lorry

drivers, students whilst ‘cramming’ for exams Sociable drug for those using Many people belief that it helps people with diabetics Many others belief that khat use helps with weight

loss Used as cash crop to generate income to support

themselves and their families.

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Khat Project resources 2004

Treatments options one

Assessments Referral to appropriate treatment

Support for young people their families. One to one and group work Harm minimisation and reduction (use

dairy) After care support such as education,

employment, training and football activities

Complementary therapeutics' such as Acupuncture, Yoga and general health check

Monitoring progress and life style support

Page 25: Hassan Isse

Khat Project resources 2004

Treatments option 2

Sessionss Cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) Coping skills training Relapse prevention therapy programme Motivational interventions one to one support 6

weeks Contingency management on going keyworking

with regular sessions as well as appointments and progress monitoring

Community reinforcement approaches such as volunteering and family approaches, cultural and customs acceptable approach

Page 26: Hassan Isse

Khat Project resources 2004

More information and support

Hassan Isse

Khat and Community Consultant

Tel: 02085694822 Fax 02085694759

E-mail: [email protected]

Sceptre House 75-81 Staines Road Hounslow

TW3 3HW

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Information Sources

World Health Organisation research studies

UN Office on Drugs and crimes studies UK & National Governments

studies/report Research papers (Hassan Isse) Khat users case studies