HATOHOBEI SASOH BA NAWERI TOBI SAYS NO

Peter W. Black

Village Path, Tobi islandPhotograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

Dedicated to the memory of those elders of Tobi who many years ago passed on this tale of resistance.

2

Distad ma ye usuwar fauhur titini fitehiri kafermenteri Panou ifiri marawe yotori Marek.

The person in charge of Palau’s government during the American administration was the Distad.

Old Palau District LegislatureTTPI Archives: Palau District Legislature, House Chambers. (N-1761.01)

3

Distad ma heifitehir uruteri faraur kaferment. Yetoh kafernor ifiri marawe yotori Marek.

The government’s laws came from the Distad. There were no governors at that time.

Men and boys dancing with American flag, Christmas Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

4

Makisteret ma heikenamari kaferment ma hafatitinini faur kafermenter iwori Hatohobei. Heifaruh ma hesenkyoh Makisteret.

On Tobi the Magistrate was in charge of government laws. The magistrate was elected by the people.

Marcello Hangaripaii, the Magistrate in 1972, with one of his daughters Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

5

Heimong Marino Fitihang me ye usuwara titini fitehiri ma hawerewereri faruh, ma fauhuh ma moumou-uh chori faruh.

Chief Marino Fitihang was in charge of the island, the people, and their customs.

Chief Fitihang Marino

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

6

Heimong ma Makisteret hefitehi sew fangani ba ha be habungu nga ha mayahi ba chori faruh he tabeye farauri kaferment ma moumouri faruh.

Chief and Magistrate worked together to make sure the people followed the government’s laws and the island’s customs.

Taking a break from Saturday island cleanup. East Side, Tobi Island 1972 Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

7

Ifiri yatoye nga mena waari kaferment waafaruh ye wahawah sewa nga ye tarapar sewa nifar ifiih chori hapari faruh.

During that time the government ship was very important to the people of the Southwest Islands.

Left: The islands of the Republic of Palau showing the main islands of Palau proper and the Southwest Islands of Palau. Right: Palau’s location in the Western Pacific

Source: GraphicMaps.com

8

Mere waafaruhaye ma har yerari yaah hei hapari faruh bitiho ma bita ma Hororo.

This ship was the only way they could travel back and forth to Koror.

The government ship, Yap Islander, in Malakal harbor 380 miles from Tobi Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

9

Mere waafaruhaye ma ye yerangariih hei hapari faruh fauhur wohori paruheni hanifari posuuh ma mena hamasari ifir mena yaah sepou senis ra habe hasi ma ifiri yah fitehiri kabure.

This ship was the only way the people could sell their copra to get money to buy the things they needed or wanted.

Blind Ireneo carrying copra to be sold on ship day. Photograph: H. Helfand, 1971

10

Mere waafaruhaye ma har yerari yari paserei bitiho ma bita ma Hororo.

This ship was the only way the priests from Koror could visit the islands.

Church on Christmas Eve Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

11

Mere waafaruhaye ma har yerari fauhur ba kaferment ye bechuh ma yebe hasubu nga ye habungu fauhur hataingehir ma hapaupour ma yebe fauhu ifiri hawerewereri fitihiri ma mohori faruheri hapari faruh.

This ship was the way the government met its responsibility to the islands.

The Yap Islander loading for Southwest Island Field Trip Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

12

Waari field trip ma iteri waaye nga hapaupouri fasoruwo haye fari fau retiperi sewa maisarap ma waaye ye ha bitiho hapari faruh.

It was called the field trip ship and came three or four times a year.

The Yap Islander ready to depart Malakal harbor Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

13

Hei bitiho ma bita haye hei bitihorimir ma hehapuhuhotuho waafaruh.

On it came people coming home to their islands, either to visit or to stay.

Two of the ship’s passengers in Malakal harbor. They’ll sleep on the deck until reaching their home. Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

14

Hei fitehiri West he ha puhuhotuh waafaruh ba habe paruheri kabure nga he katuh karisini, raes, tabaka ma bar pahur fauhumir ba chori faruh habe paruheri. Paserei nga ye puhuhotuh waafaruh ba yebe fauh misa nga chori faruh habe konfesar–bar pahur hei kaferment nga he bitiho–buris, tahata, chori fitiheri imweri sukur ma hei eisei. Yebe hei Panouchoh ma hei hapeyach maka he hapuhuhotuh wafaru ra hesahu ba iih hei field trip party–nga mena habe tohotuh hapari faruh nga ha mouru nguchuyehiri mireri ichuru waafaruh nga hasa mouri haberaroh mireri iwori Panou.

Also on it were people from WCTC to buy copra and sell kerosene, rice, tobacco and other supplies; a priest to hear confessions and say mass; and government people, like doctors and public health workers, policemen, education workers, and sanitarians. This whole group was called the field trip party, and its members were Palauans and Americans all of whom, by the time the ship got to Hatohobei, usually were very tired of living on the ship and being away from Koror.

Field trip passengers Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

15

Mena haani waafuruh ma haani keheri tipeh chori faruh. Chori faruh hahura ba yebe bitiho waafaruh ngara hetahura haye hatorsur inget ma yebebitiho–ye mena hanera waafaruh yetahipangahi, chori faruh ha tahuwohuwori fiteh ba habe habangini mena habe fauhuni imowari ma yebarachuh waafaruh, ba yebe woh yotori yaah hureni fauhur titironi Hapesang.

Ship day was always very exciting: people living on the island had no way to know when the ship would appear, so when it did, everyone had to work very hard and fast to get everything done before it left, and still have time to learn all the news from Eang.

Ship day visiting on TobiPhotograph: H. Helfand, 1972

16

Seharichoh nga Distad yesa puhuhotuh wafaruh Hatohobei.

One day the Distad came to Tobi on the field trip ship.

Tobi from the ship

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

17

Esa fasonguhoto chori faruh ba habe uwohongohong ba yewoh titironap ra ye be hasiyah hataingehir.

He called a meeting of all the people because he had something very important to ask them.

The Abai on Tobi Island Photograph: H. Helfand, 1972

18

Uruteh chori faruh hasa bitiho irani bai ba habe hasuteringamo mena Distad ye masari ma ye be hasiyah.

Everyone came to the bai to listen to the Distad and learn his big question.

Magistrate Marcello listening hard

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

19

Distad ye sa hangerih chori faruh ba yerap sewa paruheni wafaruh ma yebe bitiho ma bita ma Marahar.

The Distad said it costs the government too much money to send the field trip ship all the way from Malakal to Tobi and back.

Meeting in the Abai

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

20

Nga Distad ye sabarasohu ba yehamatahi sewa ifiri hataingehiri kaferment ma ye be hatofiyachah ba mena sukurur ma sipitarari Hatohobei ye be wohochah hanifah ma pitehitehih ba Hatohobei ye tawa sewa ma ifiri Hororo.

Also, the school and the dispensary were so far from Koror, it was hard for the government to keep them supplied.

Kids on way to school

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

21

Ba unu ma ye be woho yahamat ra ye be hamatahi ma iwori Hatohobei nga hapaupour ma ye be birasipitar, yemara mesechah ifiri wetiwetiri wafaruh.

And if someone were sick on Tobi and needed to get to the hospital, they might die while they waited for the ship to come get them.

Tomasa pounding taro

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1968

22

Ye mena ma chapiri ma Distad yemasari ma uruteh hei Hatohobei hebe bita mire iwori Panou.

Therefore he wanted the people of Tobi to move to Palau.

Map of Palau

CIA, 1974

23

Distad yesoh ba yemasari ma ye be hariih tot machohori ruhuri Panou ba he be mire iwor.

He said that he wanted to give them some land in Babeldaob to live on.

Babeldaob Island, Palau

24

Nganachah nga heifaruh he ngutahayahiri mena Distad yesoh, ira nga wafaruhara sewa ra ye be bitiho ma ye be hauhuri wafaruh ra ye be bitiho Hatohobei.

If the people agreed to this, then the next field trip would be the final one.

Meeting in the Abai

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

25

Distad ye hangerih hei Hatohobei ba nganachah nga hou ngutahae ba hou be bita mire iruhuri panou ira nga ifiri wara seyau ra yebebitiho retiperi mahamahaka ye be bito hou be hasini uruteri hapitehitehimi hou sa hasinitah panou. Yechuh ma hou be hasini waami waari faruh, raumi peih ma koko ma uruteri yami patu ma pereiti, ma harami raes ma chowo ma harami wot ra hoube fahiriniwou ma ifiri yami boru.

He said if you agree to move to Babeldaob, then a few months from now when the next ship comes we will take you and all your possessions to Palau. You can bring your canoes and your pigs and your chickens and your cooking pots and plates, your rice and coconuts and the taro from your gardens. We will bring you and all your possessions to your new home on Babeldaob.

Feeding chickens, going fishing, cooking taro

Photographs: Peter W. Black, 1972

26

Ye yesabarasohu ba, nganachah nga hou tei ngutahae mere yai mangimengi, ira nga waaye meihara ma yebe hauhuhuri wafaruh ra ye be bitiho Hatohobei, ye tawaibarawoh wafaruh ra ye be bitiho.

But, he said, if you do not agree to this idea, then no more field trip ships will come to Tobi. Today’s ship will be the last one.

Yap Islander at Tobi Island

Photograph: H. Helfand, 1972

27

Distad ye sa sohu ba, ihura ba mere tarapari titiro, bito ba hou be uwohongohongoh ma iworumi ma urutemi ye ngangu ra ibebuhou hatauhat ichuri wafaruh yesa bwang isa birong sisa mwayahi ba meta ma hou mouri ngutahae nga houmouri masa ba hou be fauh. Ifirimena ma sibe hura hae waaye meihara ma yebehauhuhuri waa hae meta.

I know this is a big decision, he said, so you should talk about it while I go to the ship to eat my lunch. Then I will come back to get your answer and to learn if this is the last ship or not.

Meeting in Abai

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

28

Ye chori faruh hesa uwohongohongoh mena yari Distad mangimengi ma mena yesuh. Chori faruh hesa hasubu yah mangimengi ma yah hau ifiri ma habe fauh..

The people looked at each other and began to talk about the Distad’s idea. They made their decision.

Meeting in Abai

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

29

Ye ifiri me Distad yesa wehirong ihout nga chori faruh hesa bara wehitafari irani bai, Distad yesa hasiyah chori faruh haye hamouri hasubu yaah mangimeng.

When the Distad came back ashore and everyone returned to the bai, he asked if they had an answer for him.

Meeting in Abai

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

30

Heimong Marino yesa suta ye sasoh ba. Haparu sewa ma hatawahi. Hei mouri hura sewa mena yamu mangimengi.

Chief Marino stood up. He politely said: Thank you very much. We understand your idea.

Chief Marino

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

31

Nganachah nga hei sa ngutahey mena yamu mangimengi nga yesa bitiho wara seya, nga yesa hasihemamitah ba heirou mire iruhuri ponou.

He said: If we say yes then when the next ship comes it will take us to live in Babeldaob.

Field Trip Ship

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

32

Ho sahu ba yechuh ma heibe hasini uruteri pitehitehimemi, waamami ma raumemi koko ma peih ma haramami wot ma chowo ma yamami paturu kook ma pereiti.

He said: You say that we can bring all our possessions, our canoes and our chickens and pigs and our taro and coconuts and even our cooking pots and plates.

left to right: breadfruit wood dish with pouring spout; box for fish hooks; coconut oil press

Tobi dwelling with a gutter large fish trap

Illustrations drawn by members of the Thilenius expedition in 1908-1910, taken from Eilers, Anneliese, Westkarolinen: Tobi und Ngulu.

Ergebnisse der Sudsee-expedition 1908-1910 (II B9, Part I.). G. Thilenius, ed. Hamburg: Friederichsen, De Gruyter & Co. m.b.H., 1936. Pp. 154, 159, 168, 199; plate 2.

33

Nga hei sasoh ba naweri ira nga waaye ma yebe hauhuhuru waa.

He said: But if we say no. then this ship is the last one.

Bird over the Tobi reef

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

34

Ye tawai bara woh wafaruh ra yebe bitiho. He said: There will be no more field trips.

Tobi Island

Photograph: Barbara W. Black, 2015

35

Haparu sewa ma Hatawahi. He said: Thank you very much.

Bird over Tobi

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

36

Hei be mirachah. He said: We will stay here.

Tobi village shore

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

37

Hei hura ba yetawai bara woh sukur ngara ngamami hei hura fauhur ma heibe kauh wenoumemi mohori fauhuri miremami.

He said: We know that the government won’t have a school here anymore, but we know how to teach our children the best way to live here.

Everybody helped raise the children

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

38

Hei hura ba yetawai woh tafiye ma kaferment yebe fangatiho iyohomami ngara ngamami hei hura fauhuri fitehiri matamatari tafayari faruh.

He said: We know that the government won’t send us medicine for our dispensary, but we know how to make many of our medicines.

Tobi dispensary Hamahi [scaevola] medicinal plant

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972 Photograph: UBC Botanical Garden

39

Hei hura ba ye tawaibara woho yamami maneri fitehi cho ma ifiri West ra heibe hora paruheni haramami raes ma yamami karisin ma ufemami ma haramami tabaka, ngara yechuhengarihemami nga hei hura fitehiri ufemami ma hiyemami chob. Faifini Hatohobei hehura hachapari wot ma mani Hatohobei hehura fitariih. Nga hei hura ma heibe hoho peiyon hatohotohori yef ba heibe hori fitehiri haramami ma tariyemami iih nga hei hura fitiheri yangahuru faruh ra heibe horingara habureri yamami haam ba hebe hakane fauhumir nibong–nga heihura fotofotori haramami tabaka.

He said: We know we will not be able to sell our copra to WCTC to get money to buy rice and kerosene and clothes and tobacco, but we know how to make our own clothes and mats by weaving, and our women know how to grow very good taro and our men know how to catch lots of fish and we can make cooking fires with coconut husks to cook our taro and fish and burn coconut oil in our lamps to see at night. And we know how to grow tobacco too.

Tobi woven fabric

Photograph: Barbara W. Black, 1995

40

(Har ma Heimong Marino yetaisoh ra hehura fitehiri rimeh hachimwaan.)

(He didn’t mention that they also knew how to make their own alcoholic drink from coconut trees.)

Climbing coconut toddy tree

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

41

Ye Heimong Marino ye sasoh ba har mena sewa fauhumir ra hei Hatohobei habe hauboubara werihin ra ye tawai bara bitiho paserei ngara yemohochah ba ngamami ra hei be bita Rosario irani Keresia mena nimariyeri ma nifahafi.

He then said: The only thing we will regret is that the priest will not be coming here anymore to say Mass, but we all come to the church every morning and evening to say the rosary and we will keep doing that.

A family in church

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

42

(Ifiri mere nga paserei ye hafatafata sewa Distad.)

(At this point the priest gave the Distad a very hard look.)

Small girl Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

43

Heimong Marino ye sasoh ba ira Haparu sewa ma Hatawahi, ngamami ra hei be mirachah iwori faruhemami.

So thank you very much, said Chief Marino, we will stay on our island.

Chief Marino Fitihang

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

44

Uruteh yahamat hemireri wetiwetichah ba habe hura meta ma Distad yebesoh.

All the people waited to see what the Distad would say.

People at meeting

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

45

Distad ye sa hasiye: hatosumi sewa mena? The Distad asked: Are you sure?

Palau Supreme Court Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

46

Uruteh chori faruh hesasoh ba unga. Yes, said all the people of the island.

Tobi landing

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

47

Ye werimihiri mena yaah uwohongohong, wafaruh yesa chuh nga Distad ye tai bengatah mena titini hachuhah chori Hatohobei ma Hatohobei.

The ship left right after that, and the Distad never mentioned his idea again.

Bird at low tide

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

48

Ye yesa maham ma maham nga masirap ma masirap nga waafaruh ye chuheri bibitihochah Hatohobei.

But the field trip ship continued to come every few months for many more years.

Tobi channel at sunset

Photograph: Peter W. Black, 1972

49

Hatohobei Sasoh Ba Naweri Tobi Says No

© Peter W. Black, 2019

Visit http://www.FriendsofTobi.com/wordweek/tobisaysno.html for a full version of Hatohobei Sasoh Ba Naweri with sound. Author: The author, Peter W. Black, is an Emeritus Professor of Anthropology at George Mason University. He has known the Tobian people since 1967 when he served as a Peace Corps Volunteer on Tobi Island and he has continued to work with the Tobian community since that time. He has published extensively on Tobi Island and its people. In collaboration with members of the Tobian community, he continues to work to document Ramari Hatohobei, the Tobian language, and repatriate Tobian cultural heritage. He has lived on Tobi Island and in Koror. Most of the photographs in this story were taken by him. He was one of the incorporators of Friends of Tobi Island. He has known the translator of this story, Justin Andrew, since he was a small child on Tobi Island. He resides in Hawaii. Translator and Reader: Justin Andrew has been a member of the Board of Directors of Friends of Tobi Island since its incorporation in 2005. A member of the Tobian community, Mr. Andrew has a deep knowledge of Ramari Hatohobei and of Tobian culture and history. His knowledge of Tobian canoe and fishing lore is extensive. He resides in Saipan. Technical Design and Production: Barbara W. Black, an incorporator of Friends of Tobi Island, is the volunteer webmaster of the Friends of Tobi Island website and is responsible for all maintenance and development of that website. She has a long-standing interest in the Tobian community and continues to work to document Ramari Hatohobei. She resides in Hawaii.

I hongohong fiyongoye ma iwori Hatohobei ifiri masirapawe sahangas ma tiwobuhuh ma woreih ma waru. Nganachah nga ye tai hatos, ira nga nawer, hapaupour ma yebe hatos.

I heard this story on Hatohobei in 1968. If it’s not true, it ought to be. PWB

50

Taro field with hills to south Photograph by A. Kramer. Eilers, 1936: plate 6.

Photograph of this plate by Barbara W. Black, with kind permission of the ethnographic collection, Tübingen University. Sammlung des Instituts für Ethnologie der Universität Tübingen