àH$aU 6 do - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3812/11/11_chapter 6.pdf · 362 àH$aU 6 do "" qhXr _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ ’’ _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Mm {dMma

$Page 1: àH$aU 6 do - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3812/11/11_chapter 6.pdf · 362 àH$aU 6 do "" qhXr _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ ’’ _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Mm {dMma$
361

àH$aU 6 do

"" qhXr _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ ''

6.1 _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$

6.2. doXZm

6.3. {dÐmoh

6.4. ZH$ma

6.5. gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s

6.6. _mZdVmdmX

6.7. qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$

6.8. doXZm

6.9. {dÐmoh

6.10. ZH$ma

6.11. gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s

6.12. _mZdVmdmX

6.13. _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ �

Vm¡b{ZH$ {ZîH$f©

6.14. {ZîH$f©

6.15. g§X^© gyMr

362

àH$aU 6 do

"" qhXr _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ ''

_amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Mm {dMma H$aVm hm àm§V AbrH$S>À`m H$mbI§S>mV

n[aUm_H$maH$VoZo Ambobm Amho. g_mOmer àË`j g§dmX gmYyZ à^mdrnUo n[aUm_ gmYUmao

"ZmQ>H$' gj_ Ago gmYZ Amho. X{bV Midi Am{U X{bV g_mOàJVrÀ`m AZwf§JmZo

ZmQ>H$mMm Am{dîH$ma _moR>çm à_mUm_Ü o ìhm`bm hdm. ho X{bV ZmQ>H$H$mam§Zr OmUbo Amho.

_amR>r a§J y_rMo ñdén AbrH$S>À`m H$mbI§S>mV ~XbV Mmbbo Amho. nma§n[aH$

{df` hmVmiUmè`m a§J y_rZo gm_m{OH$ OrdZmVrb Xw�I, àjmo^, g_mO _ZmÀ`m mdZm,

dmñVdVm `m {df`mda àH$me Q>mH$bm Amho. X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo X{bV OrdZ dmñVdVm,

X{bVm§Mr Anojm, n[adV©ZdmXr Ñ{ï>H$moZ `m§Zm H|$ÐñWmZr R>odyZ {df` hmVmibo AmhoV.

{deofV� gmR>moÎmar H$mbI§S>mV AmVmn`ªV Cno{jV am{hbobo, X~bo Jobobo AmV© doXZoMo

ñda OmJo hmoV AmhoV. Amnë`m OrdZì`Wm, Anojm, ì`�V H$aÊ`mgmR>r a§J y_rgma»`m

à^mdr _mÜ`_m§Mm dmna Ho$bm nm{hOo. ho X{bV ZmQ>H$H$ma OmUyZ AmhoV. AWm©V

g_mOmoÕmaUogmR>r Am{U X{bV Midirbm JVr XoÊ`mgmR>r a§J y_rMm gj_nUo dmna

Ho$bm nm{hOo. m g§X^m©V àm. mbM§Ð \$S>Ho$ åhUVmV, ""Omo {dÐmoh, Omo ZH$ma boIH$m§À`m

_Zm_Üò Amho, Vmo OJmV éOë`m{edm` g_mOn[adV©Z Ae�` Amho. gm§ñH¥${VH$ ~Xb

Ae�` Amho.'' 1 åhUOoM àñWm{nVm§À`m {damoYmVrb "{dÐmoh' X{bVm§_Üò éO{dÊ`mgmR>r

Am{U {dYm`H$ gm_m{OH$ n[adV©ZmgmR>r a§J^y_rgma»`m _mÜ`_m§Mm dmna A{Ve`

à^mdrnUo Ho$bm nm{hOo. H$maU OZ_mUgmda àË`j n[aUm_ H$aUmam "a§J y_r' h KQ>H$

X{bV gm{hË`mMo C[Ôï> JmR>Ê`mmgR>r _hÎdnyU© Amho.

363

_amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Mr na§nam V_memnmgyZ gwé Pmë`mMo _mZÊ`mV òVo.

`m_Üò dJZmQ>ç, àhgZ, \$mg©, Obgm ho àH$ma _hÎdnyU© AmhoV. gËèmoYH$s Obí`m§Zr

X{bV g_mOmbm AÝ`m`m{déÕ OmJ¥V H$aÊ`mMo H$m`© Ho$bo Amho. S>m°. à^mH$a JUdra `m

g§X^m©V åhUVmV, ""gËèmoYH$ Obí`m§Zr KamKamVyZ Zdm H«$m§VrMm {dMma nga{dbm.

`m Obmí`mV ~arMer àhgZo {H$gZ \$mJwOr ~ZgmoS>o m§Zr aMbobr AgV. mV gm_m{OH$

Om{Udm AgV. Ë`mMà_mUo OwÝ`m àWoMo C�mQ>Z, éT>r-na§nam `mda àH$me Q>mH$Ê`mMo

H$m © XoIrb m àhgZm§Zr Ho$bobo AmT>iVo.'' 2 åhUOoM àñWm{nVm§Zr bmXboë`m Xmñ`Ëdmbm,

hrZ OJÊ`mbm, g_mOì`dñWobm, {damoY H$aÊ`mgmR>r X{bV g_mOmbm OmJ¥V H$aÊ`mMo

_hÎdnyU© H$m`© Obí`m§Zr Ho$bobo Amho. {H$gZ \$mJyOtÀ`m Obí`m§À`m g§X^m©V S>m°. J§JmYa

nmZVmdUo åhUVmV, ""{H$gZ \$mJy§Zr B{VhmgmMr dmQ> nwgV dV©_mZmMm H$mZmogm KoVbm.

Ë`m§À`mVbm g_mO{ejH$ gVV OmJV am{hbm.'' 3 åhUOoM {H$gZ \$mJy§Zr X{bV g_mO

àJVrgmR>r Am`wî`â à`ËZ Ho$bo AmhoV. g_mOmoÕmaUoMr Ë`m§Mr Vi_i Ë`m§À`m

Obí`m§_YyZ nmhmd`mg {_iVo. Obgo, àhgZo `m§À`mZ§Va X{bV EH$m§{H$Ho$Zo, X{bV

ZmQ>H$mZo X{bV g_mO à~moYZmMo, H$m`© Ho$bo Amho. S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Mo H«$m§{VH$mar

VÎdkmZ OZ_mUgmV éO{dÊ`mMo _hÎdnyU© H$m © X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo Am{U X{bV EH$m§{H$Ho$Zo

Ho$bo Amho. X{bV OrdZ {dXmaH$VoMo, doXZoMo {MÌU H$aUmè`m X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo {dYm`H$

gm_m{OH$ n[adV©ZmgmR>r X{bV g_mOmbm àoaUm {Xbr Amho.

qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Mr dmQ>Mmb _mÌ àmW{_H$ AdñWoV Am{U jrU Amho.

qhXrVrb H$Wm, H${dVm à_mUo qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ {dñVmabobo Zmhr. àñWm{nV, gm{hË`

na§naoZo, X{bV gm{hË`mbm {damoY H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. X{bV ZmQ>H$ Z N>mnÊ`mMm

qH$dm Ë`m§Zm a§J_§Mmda òdy Z XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ gmVË`mZo na§namdmXr g_mOì`dñWoZo

Ho$bm. `mg§X^m©V qhXrVrb Áòð> gm{hpË`H$ _mohZXmg Z¡{_eam` åhUVmV, ""{hÝXr joÌ

364

_| E¡go ZmQ>H$m| H$s g§»`m ~hþV A{YH$ h¡, Omo EH$ go A{YH$ ~ma _§{MV hþE, na do N>n Zhr

gHo$�& Hw$N> ZmQ>H$ {bIo JE na do Z N>no h¡, Z CZH$m _§MZ hþAm�&''4 åhUOoM dM©ñddmXr

_mZ{gH$Vm {dH¥$VVoVyZ X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Zm a§J_§Mmda òÊ`mnmgyZ, N>mnÊ`mnmgyZ amoIVmZm

{XgVo. AbrH$S>o _mÌ qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Mohr a§J_§Mmda gmXarH$aU hmoVmZm {XgV

Amho. _mohZXmg Z¡{_eam` `m§Mo "hobmo H$m_aoS>' ho ZmQ>H$ a§J_§Mmda Ambobo Amho. X{bV

OrdZ Om{Udm§Zm, X{bV ^mdZm§Zm ñne© H$aUmao ñdXoe XrnH$ `m§Mo "H$moQ>© _me©b' ho

ZmQ>H$hr a§J_§Mmda Ambobo Amho. qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$, H$mX§~ar, AmË_H$Wm, H$Wm

òÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$òda, VgoM Ë`m§À`mda AgUmè`m à^mdmÀ`m g§X^m©V _mohZXmg Z¡{_eam`

åhUVmV, ""_amR>r, JwOamVr, A§J«Or VWm AÝ` ^mfmAm| _| X{bV gdmbm| na {bIo JE

ZmQ>H$, CnÝ`mg, AmË_H$Wm VWm H$hm{Z`m| Zo ^r Bg joÌ Ho$ X{bV gm{hË`H$mam| H$s

aMZmY{_©Vm H$mo à^m{dV {H$`m h¡�&'' 5 åhUOoM _amR>rVrb Am{U BVa ^mfoVrb X{bV

boIZmMm à^md qhXrVrb X{bV boIZmda nS>bobm Amho. qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ nyU©

gj_VoZo oÊ`mgmR>r AmUIr H$mhr H$mi Omdm bmJob. H$maU maVmVrb qhXr m{fH$ joÌ

\$ma _moR>çm à_mUmV {dñVmabobo Amho. VgoM m joÌmV X{bV boIH$mbm {ZûS>nUo {dMma

_m§S>Ê`mgmR>r _hmamï´>mà_mUo _§M CnbãY Pmbobm Zmhr. n[aUm_V� qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$

jrU AdñWoV Amho.

_amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>çboIZmV {H$gZ \$mJyOr ~§XgmoS>o, _. {^. {MQ>Urg, ào_mZ§X

JÁdr, XÎmm ^JV, am_ZmW MìhmU, àH$me {Ì wdZ `m§Mo ZmQ>çboIZ _hÎdnyU© Amho. Va

qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>çjoÌmV, _mohZXmg Z¡{_eam`, ñdXoe XrnH$ `m§Mo ZmQ>çboIZ

_hÎdnyU© Amho. gXa àH$aUmÀ`m AZwf§JmZo Cnamo�V _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV

ZmQ>H$H$mam§À`m ZmQ>H$m§_YyZ CXY¥V hmoUmè`m doXZm, {dÐmoh, ZH$ma, gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s,

_mZdVmdmX `m _yë`m§Mm Vm¡b{ZH$ Aä`mg H$éZ {ZîH$f© Zm|Xdm`Mo AmhoV.

365

6.1 _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ �-

ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mbI§S>m_Üò Amboë`m X{bV gm{hË` àdmhmZo g§nyU© OJmMo bj

doYyZ KoVbo Amho. _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZohr X{bV Midi Am{U gm{hË` gj_

~Z{dÊ`m_Ü o _hÎdnyU© y{_H$m ~Omdbobr Amho. AmVmn`ªV àñWm{nV ì`dñWo_wio ZaH$_`

`mVZm OJUmè`m X{bVm§À`m ì`Wm, {dÐmoh, Anojm, {dYm`H$ n[adV©ZdmXr Ñ{ï>H$moZ `m§Mo

{MÌU _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òVo. X{bV g_mOmoÕmaUoÀ`m Midirbm gj_

H$aÊ`m_Üò _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo _hÎdnyU© y{_H$m nma nmS>bobr Amho. EH$ _mÌ Iao

H$s, OZ_mUgmer àË`j g§dmX gmYy eH$Umè`m `m _mÜ`_m§Mm nyU© j_VoZo dmna hmody

eH$bobm Zmhr. ~hþYm àñWm{nVm§Mm `m _mÜ`_mda Agbobm à^md, X{bVm§Zm Cno{jV

R>odÊ`mMr y{_H$m `m_wio X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Zm a§J y_r CnbãY hmody eH$bobr Zmhr. _mÌ Or

ZmQ>Ho$ a§J y_rda Ambr. Ë`m§Zr X{bV g_mOm_Üò AÝ`m`m{déÕ OmJ¥VrMo H$m_ à^mdrnUo

Ho$ë`mMo ZmH$maVm òV Zmhr.

6.2. doXZm �-

`wJmZw`wJo àñWm{nVm§Zr X{bVm§da Jwbm_{JarMo, Xmñ`ËdmMo hrZ OrUo bmXbo.

n[aUm_V� X{bVm§Zm AmË`§{VH$ doXZoMo, ZaH$_` `mVZm§Mo OrdZ OJmdo bmJbo Amho. S>m°.

~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Zr `m g_mOmMr Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V H$aÊ`mMo _hÎdnyU© H$m`© Ho$bo.

`m_wio ñdm{^_mZ OmJ¥V Pmboë`m `m g_mOmZo Amnë`m doXZm gm{hË`mVyZ _m§S>Ê`mg

gwédmV Ho$br. _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ X{bVm§À`m doXZm_`r OrdZmMo àË``H$mar

{MÌU òVo. {H$gZ \$mJyOr ~§XgmoS>o `m§À`m ZmQ>H$mVyZ, Obí`mVyZ X{bVm§À`m "doXZm'

{M{ÌV Pmë`m AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m "g§V MmoIm_oim', "nmaV§Í` {d_moMZ' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ Ë`m§Zr

Añn¥í`VoMr g_ñ`m {dXmaH$ OrdZmZw^dmgh _m§S>br Amho. "gZmVZ Y_m©Mm n§Ma§Jr

V_mem' _YyZ {H$gZ \$mJy§Zr "na§namdmXr H$_©R> ì`dñWoMo X{bVm§àVr Agbobo dV©Z' {M{ÌV

366

Ho$bo Amho. `m_YyZ Ambobm "^Q> Am{U _hma ì`�Vr' `m§À`m_Yrb g§dmX nwT>rbà_mUo�-

""^Q> �- Aao ZrMm, Zï>m, Iï>m, nm{nï>m, hbH$Q>m, _mÂ`m _mJm©V C^m amhÿZ A§Jmda

gmdbr Q>mH$brg, AmVm _bm {dQ>mi Pmbm. Vmo Xo ^éZ. ham_Imoa Hw$R>bm,

_hma åhUOo -

_hma �- Ahmo ^Q>Or~wdm ! Vwåhmbm {dQ>mi Ambm Ago H$go ~mobVm ?

^Q> �- _bm Pmbm Zmhr Va H$m` Vwbm Pmbm ? gm§J _hmam, åhQ>b§ åhUOo -

_hma �- Ahmo ^Q>Or~wdm _mUgmbm Hw$R>§ {dQ>mi òVmo ?

^Q> �- Va _J H$m` OZmdambm hmoVmo, aoS>çmbm hmoVmo H$s, O§JbmÀ`m PmS>mbm.'' 6

Cnamo�V g§dmXmVyZ ZmQ>H$H$mamZo àñWm{nVm§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoMo Xe©Z

KS>{dbobo Amho. hr Cnojm, AdhobZm X{bVm§Mo OrdZ `mVZm_` H$aUmar R>abr Amho.

AWm©VM X{bVm§Mr OrdZì`Wm naIS>VoZo _m§S>Umè`m ZmQ>H$H$mam§_Üò {H$gZ \$mJy§Mo Zmd

AJ«H«$_mZo ¿`mdo bmJVo.

àmMm © _. {^. {MQ>Urg m§À`m " wJ`mÌm' m ZmQ>H$mVyZ wJmZw wJo X{bVm§Zm gmogmì`m

bmJboë`m `mVZm òVmV. ho ZmQ>H$ 14 E{àb 1955 gmbr S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§À`m

dmT>{Xdgm{Xder Ë`m§À`m g_j gmXa Pmbo Amho. E¡{Vhm{gH$ àg§JmVyZ X{bV Am{U

X{bVoÎma g_mOì`dñWoda ZmQ>H$H$mamZo àH$me Q>mH$bm Amho. am_mÙmVrb lram_mÀ`m

hmVyZ hmoUmam "e§~wH$ dYmMm' àg§J {M{ÌV H$éZ X{bVm§da hmoV Agboë`m AË`mMmam§Zm

{M{ÌV Ho$bo Amho. _ZyÀ`m amÁ`mV eyÐm§Mr Pmbobr X`Zr` AdñWm, Ë`m§À`mer àñWm{nVm§Zr

Ho$bobo A_mZdr` dV©Z, _mUwgH$sÀ`m h¸$mnmgyZMr Ë`m§Mr d§{MVVm, MmoImo~mMo OrdZ

Xe©Z, X_mOrMo, {dRy> _hmamMo OrdZ {M{ÌV H$aVmZm `wJmZw`wJo `mVZm gmogV X{bV

g_mO Ad_mZmMo, Xmñ`ËdmMo OrUo OJV Agë`mMo {MÌU _. {^. {MQ>Urg H$aVmV.

AWm©VM Ë`m§Zr hOmamo dfm©nmgyZ X{bVm§da bmXboë`m `mVZm_`VoMo {MÌU Ho$bo Amho.

367

ào_mZ§X JÁdr m§À`m {H$ad§V, XodZdar, KmoQ>â nmUr, "VZ-_mOmoar' m ZmQ>H$mVyZ

X{bVm§À`m OrdZì`Wm {M{ÌV Pmë`m AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m ZmQ>H$m§À`m Ame`mg§X^m©V ^mî`

H$aVmZm Áòð> g_rjH$ _. X. hVH$U§JboH$a åhUVmV, ""ào_mZ§X JÁdr `m§Mr XodZdar,

KmoQ>â nmUr, VZ-_mOmoar hr ZmQ>Ho$ XrZ-X{bVm§À`m eVH$mZweVHo$ MmbV Amboë`m

hmbAnoï>m Am{U N>idmX mda {b{hbobr Amho.'' 7 åhUOoM ào_mZ§X JÁdtÀ`m ZmQ>H$mVyZ

X{bV Ord {dXmaH$Vm òVo. VgoM g_mOmVrb `m AdñWobm O~m~Xma AgUmè`m

n[apñWVrn`ªV OmÊ`mMm à`ËZ Vo H$aVmV.

ào_mZ§X JÁdtZr "{H$ad§V' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ A§Ëòï>r H$aUmè`m ~«m÷UmÀ`m Cno{jV

OrdZmda àH$me Q>mH$bm Amho. hr OrdZ {dXmaH$Vm _m§S>VmZm ZmQ>H$H$mamZo qhXy-Y_©

ì`dñWoZo {dH¥$VVoVyZ {Z_m©U Ho$boë`m g_mOì`dñWobm _yi d¥Îmrbm Am{U Ë`mVyZ hmoUmè`m

AË`mMmambm CX²Y¥V H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho. na§namdmXr Anàd¥ÎmtZr Cno{jVmda

Xmñ`ËdmMo, Jwbm_{JarMo hrZ OrUo bmXbo Agë`mMo ZmQ>H$H$ma gy{MV H$aVmo. "Ho$ed' hm

A§Ëòï>r H$aUmam ~«måhU. H$_©R> na§nam§Zm {dÐmoh H$aÊ`mMr VmH$X Ë`mÀ`m_Üò Zmhr.

"A§Ëòï>rMr H$_} H$aUmam åhUyZ Añn¥í`' hr ^mdZm ñdV�bm C�, kmZr g_OUmè`m§À`m

_ZmV H$m`_ Ka H$éZ am{hbobr Amho. "{H$ad§V' Agë`mMo Cno{jV OrUo Ho$edÀ`m

dmQ>çmbm Ambobo Amho. `m ì`dñWobm eaU Jobobm "Ho$ed' YmH$Q>m ^mD$ dmgwXoder

~mobVmZm {ZameoMo gya H$mT>Vmo. Vmo åhUVmo,

""Ho$ed �- Vg§ Zìho dmgwXodm ! Omon`ªV BW§ ~wagQ>boë`m {dMmam§Mr _mUg§ AmhoV. Vmon`ªV

BW§ Zd§ dma§ dmhU§ H$R>rU Amho.''8

Cnamo�V {ddoMZmdéZ àñWm{nVm§À`m AË`mMmambm ~ir nS>bobr Cno{jVm§Mr {nT>r

òVo. ñdV�bm C�dUu` g_OUmao ñdhrV OnÊ`mgmR>r H$moUË`mhr ñVambm Omdy eH$VmV,

`mMo {MÌU ZmQ>H$H$mamZo Ho$bo Amho. m _mZ{gH$Vo_wio Cno{jVm§Zm "ZaH$_` mVZm' ghZ

368

H$amì`m bmJë`m AmhoV. ào_mZ§X JÁdr `m§À`m "VZ_mOmoar' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ gÎmmYre Am{U

Cno{jV `m§À`mVrb g§Kf© òVmo. "dmem' ho `m ZmQ>H$mVrb à_wI nmÌ Amho. "dmemMm' ~mn

Ë`mÀ`m _mbH$mH$S>o "dmemÀ`m' OÝ_mnmgyZ Jwbm_ åhUyZ H$m_ H$aV Amho. "dmembm'

emim {eH$m`Mr Amho. _mÌ Ë`mÀ`m ~mnmMm (JÊ`mMm) `mbm {damoY Amho. nwñVH$ dmMV

AgVmZm Vmo dmemÀ`m hmVmVrb nwñVH$mMo VwH$S>o-VwH$S>o H$aVmo. àñWm{nVm§À`m AË`mMmamZo

_ZmVyZ CX²ÜdñV Pmbobm JÊ`m CÛoJmZoM "dmembm' åhUVmo,

""JÊ`m �- "Ama§' nmZmM§ H$m`, Amnbo Zer~M \$mQ>H§$ hm`'' 9

Cnamo�V {ddoMZ dM©ñddmXr {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vm Xw~©bm§Zm "Jwbm_' ~Z{dUmar Amho,

Ago gy{MV H$aVo. ào_mZ§X JÁdr "_mbH$' `m ì`{�VaoIoVyZ dM©ñddmXr, hþHw$_emhr d¥ÎmrMo

Xe©Z KS>{dVmV. dfm©Zwdf} _mbH$mH$S>o H$m_ H$aUmè`m gmbJS>çmZo ~m`H$moÀ`m A§Ë`

{dYrgmR>r _mbH$mH$S>o n¡go _m{JVbo AmhoV. Aem àg§JmVhr _mbH$ Amnë`m ñdmWm©MmM

{dMma H$aVmo. Aem àg§JmVhr "Jwbm_' Agboë`m gmbJS>çmbm åhUVmo,

""_mbH$ �- Vy ? Ama§ Vy H$m` VyOm gdVmMm hmB©g ? VyÁ`m ~mZ§ Vybm AmYrM Am_À`mH$S>§

JmhmZmV {R>dbm hm`- åhZ§-_r hm` ! øo ~J, EH$Xm JmhmZmV {R>dboë`m

dñVyda nwÝhm JmhmZ XoVm òV Zmhr, JÝ`m Ëòbm Zd§ H$moa§ JmhmZ {R>dmd§

bmJV§.''10

Cnamo�V àg§JmVyZ ñdmWu, AmV§H$s d¥ÎmrMm _mbH$ ào_mZ§X JÁdtZr {M{ÌV Ho$bm

Amho. dM©ñddmXr d¥ÎmrVyZ Cno{jVm§À`m Xw~©bVoMm, AgmøVoMm \$m`Xm KodyZ Ë`m§Zm

Xmñ`ËdmV, Jwbm_{JarV R>odÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr _mZ{gH$Vm X{bVm§da ZaH$_` `mVZoMo OrdZ

bmXUmar Agë`mMo ZmQ>H$H$ma gm§JVmo. AWm©VM C�dUu`m§À`m AÝ`m`MH«$mV AS>H$boë`m

X{bV {nT>rbm Xmñ`ËdmMo, An_mZmMo hrZ OrUo ghZ H$amdo bmJbo Amho.

_amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m_Üò XÎmm ^JV `m§Mo ZmQ>çboIZ _hÎdnyU© Amho. Ë`m§À`m

369

"dmQ>m nidmQ>m' _YyZ OmVr`VoZo g_mOmVrb Cno{jV ñVam§Zm {Xboë`m doXZm§Mo {MÌU

òVo. àm. gVre Amnbr nËZr ho_mbm "_mUgm§Mr OmVr`VoMr g§H$ënZm {H$Vr Imobda

éObobr Amho.' ho gm§JVmZm {dÚmWu AgUmè`m {dO` Hw§$S>H$aMr KQ>Zm gm§JVmo,

""gVre �- H${_Q>oS>, H${dVm {bhm`Mm. AJXr nmoaH$m. X{bV gm{hË`mÀ`m àËòH$ _oimì`bm

hOa amhm`Mm. ZmVbJ, OmVrMo bmoH$ Hw$Ur-Hw$Ur Ë`mbm _XV H$aV ZgV,

åhUyZ AË`§V {VañH$mamZo ~mobm`Mm, gJù`m~Ôb. _r Ë`mbm _XVrMm hmV

{Xbm. S>moH$mdbmo Ë`mÀ`m OrdZmV WmoS>g§. _mÂ`m~Ôb {H$Vr AmXa dmQ>m`Mm

Ë`mbm. AmOhr dmQ>Vmo. {ejH$ Amho Vmo, nU AmVm H$m` H$aVmo _m{hV`§ ?

Ë`mMr àËòH$ à{gÕ Pmbobr H${dVm dmMVmo Zm _r, nU AmVm H${dVoZ§VaMr

Zm__wÐm Z MwH$Vm H$m` AgVo _m{hV`§ ? {dO` Hw§$S>H$a Am{U nwT>o H§$gmV Z

MwH$Vm N>mnbob§ AgV§ "nmQ>rb' ! H$m _m{hV § ? Vmo _amR>m Amho. H${dVoZo {_imbobr

à{Vð>m AmVm Ë`mbm nwaoer dmQ>V Zmhr`. OÝ_mZ§ {_iUmar à{Vð>mhr Ë`mbm

hdrhdrer dmQy> bmJbr`'' 11

darb {ddoMZmdéZ "S>mo�`mVyZ OmV Zmhr Vr OmV' `m S>m°. ~m~mgmho~

Am§~oS>H$am§À`m {dYmZmMm àË`` òVmo. àm. gVrebm Amnbo {dMma {dÚmÏ`mª_Üò éObo

Zgë`mMm níMmVmn hmoVmo. OmVr`VoZo, C�-ZrMVoZo X{bVm§da mVZm_` OrdZ OJÊ`mMr

doi Amë`mMo ZmQ>H$H$ma gy{MV H$aVmo. hr "doXZm' X{bVm§À`m OrdZmbm ZaH$_` H$éZ

Jobr Amho. AWm©VM "dmQ>m-nidmQ>m' Zo gm_m{OH$ dmñVdVoMo {MÌU H$aVmZm"X{bVm§da'

AmË`§{VH$ doXZm bmXUmè`m g_mOmVrb _yi àd¥ÎmtMo, {dH¥$VrMo Xe©Z XÎmm ^JV àñVwV

ZmQ>H$mH$VyZ KS>{dVmV.

am_ZmW MìhmU `m§À`m ZmQ>H$mVyZ Am{U EH$m§{H$VoVyZ X{bV OrdZmMr {dXmaH$Vm

òVo. "~m`H$mo _r XodmMr' `m EH$m§{H$Ho$_YyZ "_wair' åhUyZ OÝ_mbm Amboë`m _wbrÀ`m

370

`mVZm_` OrdZmMo {MÌU òVo. "_wair' AgUmè`m `m _wbrÀ`m earamMm ^moJ Hw$Urhr

KoVmo. _mÌ {VMr _ZmodñWm Hw$Urhr g_OmdyZ KoV Zmhr. AWm©VM {VMr doXZm Cno{jV

{ó`m§À`m `mVZm_` OrdZmMo à{V{Z{YËd H$aVo. Va Ë`§mÀ`m "VmobH$' `m EH$m§{H$Ho$VyZ

g_mOmVrb A{Zð> éT>r-na§namdaVr àH$me nS>Vmo. EH$ hOma én`mÀ`m _mo~Xë`mV

_wbrÀ`m dS>rbm§Zm Amnë`m _wbrbm ~§Xw�`mOdi JhmU R>odÊ`mMr doi òVo. Ë`mÀ`mnmgyZ

{Vbm {Xdg OmVmV. {Vbm _yb Pmë`mZoo {VZo ~§Xw�`mOdi amhmdo, Ago dS>rbm§Zm dmQ>Vo.

nU nmQ>bmZo Ý`m` XoVmZm VmobH$bm {VÀ`m dS>rbmZo Ý`mdo, Am{U _wbmbm ~§Xw�`mZo gm§ mimdo

Ago gm§JVmo. `m KQ>Zo_Üò VmobH$À`m _mZ{gH$ AdñWoMr, `mVZm§Mr XIb Hw$Urhr KoV

Zgë`mMo boIH$ gy{MV H$aVmo. `m EH$m§{H$Ho$_YyZ Cno{jV {ó`m§Mm doXZm am_ZmW

MìhmUm§Zr {M{ÌV Ho$ë`m AmhoV.

am_ZmW MìhmUm§Zr "~m_UdmS>m' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ X{bV OrdZì`Wm {M{ÌV Ho$ë`m

AmhoV. OmVr`VoZo, C�-ZrMVoÀ`m g§H$ënZoZo, X{bVm§Zm hrZËdmÀ`m nmVirda OJÊ`mg

^mJ nmS>bo Amho. `mMo àË``§Va eer Am{U lrH$m§VÀ`m g§dmXmVyZ òVo. lrH$m§V eerbm

åhUVmo,

""lrH$m§V �- "H$embm bndVog Ë`m§À`mnmgyZ.... H$embm bndVog ?.... Ë`mbm gm§J Zm

`m XoemV Vy lr_§V Pmbmg, dmJU§ ~mobU§ gwYmab` C� {ejU KoVbg

qH$dm ~«m÷UdmS>çmV òdyZ am{hbmg Var Am_À`m Y_©-g_mOì`dñWoZo Vy

X{bVM Amhog. Añn¥í`M Amhog�&''12

darb {ddoMZmVyZ _mUyg Ë`mÀ`m H$V¥©ËdmZo AmoiIbm OmV Zmhr. Va Ë`mÀ`m

OmVrdéZ AmoiIbm OmV Agë`mMr I§V ZmQ>H$H$ma ì`�V H$aVmo. "~m_ZdmS>çmV'

amhV Agboë`m gmR>|Zm H$m_mdéZ Kar oVmZm OmUyZ-~yOyZ XJS> _mabm OmVmo. Ë`mdoiog

Ë`m§Zr {Xbobr à{V{H«$`m g_mO ì`dñWoMo, {dH¥$VVoMo Xe©Z KS>{dVo, gmR>o åhUVmV,

371

""gmR>o �- ""BW§ bhmZ _moR>çmMm àíZ Zmhr, lrH$m§V àíZ Amho Vmo XJS> _maÊ`m _mJÀ`m

hoVyMm.... AmB© JUnVrÀ`m XodimOdi ~gbr åhUyZ Ë`mZ§ XJS> _mabm Ë`mM§

dmB©Q> dmQ>V§. IoiVm-IoiVm MwHy$Z bmJbm AgVm Va _r Ë`mMm {dMmahr Ho$bm

ZgVm. "lr' Ë`m _wbmbm _r Xmof XoV Zmhr. Xmofr Amho Vr BWbr g_mO ì`dñWm.

XJS> Ë`m _wbmZ§ Zmhr _mabm. Vmo _mabm` g_mOì`dñWoZ§.'' 13

darb {ddoMZmdéZ "_ZydmXr' {dH¥$V d¥ÎmrMr g_mOì`dñWm H$moUË`m hrZ nmVirda

Omdy eH$Vo. `mMo àË``§Va òVo. Ago AdhobZoMo hrZ OrUo X{bVm§Zm AmË`§{VH$ doXZm

XoUmao R>abo Agë`mMo ZmQ>H$H$ma gm§JVmo. AWm©VM dU©ì`dñWoZo, OmVrì`dñWoZo bmXboë`m

Cno{jV OrÊ`m_wio X{bVm§Zm Xmñ`ËdmMo, Jwbm_{JarMo, An_mZmMo, AmË`§{VH$ `mVZmMo

OrUo OJmdo bmJë`mMo am_ZmW MìhmU gm§JVmV.

`m à_wI X{bV ZmQ>H$H$mam§~amo~a `mo{JamO dmK_mao `m§À`m "AJm Oo KS>bo Zmhr'

`m EH$m§{H$Ho$VyZ X§JbrMo {MÌU òVo. X§JbJ«ñVm§Mo emofZ, A_mZwfVm `mdaVr dmK_mao

`m§Zr àH$me Q>mH$bm Amho. Va "hm Xmof H$moUmMm ?' `m EH$m§{H$Ho$VyZ `mo{JamO dmK_mao

AË`mMmarV X{bV ór OrdZmMo {MÌU H$aVmV. lrH¥$îU amD$V `m§À`m "ãbmB§S> emo'

_YyZ X{bVm§À`m OrdZ {dXmaH$Voda àH$me nS>Vmo.

EH§$XarZo _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ Amboë`m doXZoMo ñdén darbà_mUo Amho.

àñWm{nVm§Zr ñdmWu d¥ÎmrZo, {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoVyZ g_mOì`dñWoVrb EH$ ñVa gmVË`mZo

Cno{jV R>odÊ`mMo Hw$Q>rb H$mañWmZ Ho$bo. Ë`§mÀ`m AgmøVoMm \$m`Xm KodyZ Ë`m§À`mda

Xmñ`Ëd bmXbo. n[aUm_V� g_mOmVrb EH$m ñVambm `wJmZw`wJo `mVZm_` OrdZ OJmdo

bmJbo. `m doXZoMo àË``H$mar {MÌU _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òVo.

6.3. {dÐmoh �-

_amR>r X{bV gm{hË`mMo H|$ÐdVu _yë` "{dÐmoh' hoM Amho. _amR>rVrb X{bV

372

ZmQ>H$mVyZhr ho _yë` àË``H$maH$VoZo oVo. {deofV� S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§À`m àoaUoVyZ

Am{U {ejUmVyZ Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V Pmbobr X{bVm§Mr ZdrZ {nT>r AË`mMmar g_mOì`dñWm

PwJméZ bmdÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZerb Amho. Jwbm_{Jar, Xmñ`Ëd m§Zm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r m {nT>rZo

àñWm{nVm§{déÕ AmH«$_H$nUo g§Kf© H$aÊ`mMr V`mar Xe©dbr Amho. Ë`m§Mm AmH«$_H$ {dÐmoh

_amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òVmo.

{H$gZ \$mJyOr ~§XgmoS>o `m§Zr Obí`mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Mo H«$m§{VH$mar

VÎdkmZ OZ_mUgmn`ªV nmohmoMdÊ`mMo H$m_ AË`§V àm_m{UH$nUo, Ho$bo. "nmaV§Í`,

{d_moMZ, "EH$m gmYyMr \${OVr' m EH$m§{H$Ho$VyZ Ë`m§Zr X{bVmMo à~moYZ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ

Ho$bm. hm à`ËZ "{dÐmohr' ì`{�V_ÎdmMr à{MVr XoUmam Amho.

àmMm`© _. {^. {MQ>Urg m§À`m "`wJ`mÌm' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ "{dÐmohmMo' àË``§Va oVo.

S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§À`m énmZo "JmdHw$gm~mhoa Cno{jVm§Mo OrdZ OJUmè`m X{bVm§_Üò

AÝ`m`mbm {damoY H$aÊ`mgmR>r àoaUm XoUmam _hm_mZd àH$me KodyZ Ambm Agë`mMo

àñVwV ZmQ>H$ gm§JVo. `wJmZw`wJmÀ`m OrdZàdmgmV X{bVm§Zm CnojoMo hrZ OJUo gmogmdo

bmJbo Amho. Xmñ`ËdmMo OrUo g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aUmè`m ~m~mgmho~m§À`m H$m ©H$V¥©ËdmMm

AmboI ZmQ>H$H$ma nwT>rbà_mUo _m§S>Vmo.

""{Xbo OJm AmìhmZ, {^_mZo {Xbo OJm AmìhmZ

_hmS>mV MdXma Vù`mda amodyZ g_a {ZemU

_ZyMo ^rfU emgZ H$éZr A¾rbm ~{bXmZ

ghò df} doerdaVr Pmbr Or h¡amU

Ë`m OZVoÀ`m h¸$mgmR>r {Xbo OJm AmìhmZ....''14

darb {ddoMZmVyZ S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Zr Amnë`m H¥$VrVyZ X{bVm§Mr Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V

H$aÊ`mMo H$m`© Ho$ë`mMo _. {^. {MQ>Urg gm§JVmV. X{bVm§À`m OrdZmV ñdm{^_mZ OmJ¥V

373

H$aÊ`mMo Am{U Ë`m§Zm "g_mO n[adV©ZmgmR>r' àoaUm XoÊ`mMo _hÎdnyU© H$m © S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Zr

Ho$bo. åhUyZM X{bVm§Zr AË`mMmar ì`dñWo{déÕ AmH«$_H$ {dÐmohr y{_H$m KoVbr Amho.

ào_mZ§X JÁdr m§À`m "{H$ad§V' ZmQ>H$mVyZ AmH«$_H$ {dÐmohmMo àË` §Va oVo. "Ho$ed'

hm A§Ëòï>r H$aUmam ~«m÷U. àñWm{nVm§Zr {Z_m©U Ho$boë`m g_mOì`dñWm PwJméZ XoÊ`mMo

~i Ë`mÀ`m_Üò Zmhr. Ë`mMm YmH$Q>m ^mD$ dmgwXod _mÌ AmV§H$s ì`dñWo{déÕ AmH«$_H$

{dÐmohr n{dÌm KoVmo. Amnë`m ^mdmMm {XJ§~a emñÍ`mZo Ho$bobm An_mZ nmhÿZ dmgwXod

àM§S> AmH«$_H$ hmoVmo. Ho$edbm Vmo åhUVmo,

""dmgwXod �- ~«m÷U Y_m©bm emo oer g§Ü`m H$aVmo, Ag§ Vwbm dmQ>V§. nU bmoH$ Vwbm AmoiIVmV,

Vo ñ_emZmVrb H$m_o H$aUmam {H$ad§V åhUyZ. OmVrZ§ ~«m÷U nU H$_m©Z§ AY_,

{H$ad§V. H$moUË`mhr ew H$m`m©V eyÐmM§ AmJ_Z Og§ dÁ © Vg§M VwPhr. ~«m÷U

Y_m©V H$m` ñWmZ Amho Vwbm ? H$mb Pmboë`m gË`ZmamÙmÀ`m _hmnyOoMm àgmX

{dgabmg ? {XJ§~a emñÍ`mZ§ MmbVm hmo åhUVmM Vm|S>mVyZ «-hr Z C�maVm

_wH$mQ> Mmby bmJbmg ?'' 15

darb {ddoMZmdéZ gZmVZr d¥Îmr {dH¥$VoVyZ H$moUË`mhr ñVambm Omdy eH$Vo. Ago

ZmQ>H$H$ma gy{MV H$aVmo. Pmboë`m AdhobZobm VodT>çmM gS>oVmoS>nUo CÎma Úm`bm nm{hOo

hmoVo. Ago dmgwXod "Ho$ed'bm gm§JVmo. AWm©VM Ë`mMr hr y{_H$m "{dÐmohr' d¥ÎmrMo Xe©Z

KS>{dUmar Amho. AWm©VM dmgwXodÀ`m _ZmVrb AñdñWVm "AmnU Oo ^moJVmo AmhmoV, Vo

Xw�I nwT>À`m {nT>rbm ZH$mo' hr ^mdZm gVV dmgwXodbm g§Kfm©g àd¥Îm H$aVo. na§naoZo

MmbV Ambobr g_mO ì`dñWm ZmH$maÊ`mM§ YmS>g dmgwXod XmIdVmo.

ào_mZ§X JÁdr `m§À`m "VZ-_mOmoar' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ dM©ñddmXr d¥Îmr X{bVm§Zm

H$em àH$mao Jwbm_{JarV OISy>Z R>odVo. mMo {MÌU H$aVmV. _mÌ "Apñ_Vm' OmJ¥V Pmboë`m

X{bV {nT>rZo C�dUu`m§Mr ~§YZo PwJméZ bmdVmZm AmH«$_H$ {dÐmohr ^y{_H$m KoVbr

374

Agë`mMo àñVwV ZmQ>H$ gm§JVo.

_mbH$mH$S>o dmemMm ~mn (JÊ`m) dfm©Zwdf} Jwbm_ åhUyZ H$m_ H$aV Amho. Ë`mÀ`m

AkmZmMm, AgmøVoMm \$m`Xm KodyZ Ë`mÀ`m nwT>À`m {nT>rda hr Jwbm_{Jar bmXÊ`mMm

à`ËZ _mbH$ H$aVmo. AWm©VM X{bVm§da Xmñ`Ëd bmXÊ`mMr {dH¥$Vr ZmQ>H$H$mamZo àñVwV

ZmQ>H$mVyZ Xe©{dbr Amho. m AË`mMmar d¥Îmrbm {damoY H$aUmar "B§Jio' _mñVamÀ`m énmZo

~m~mgmho~m§Mo {dMma OJUmar ì`{�VaoIm ào_mZ§X JÁdtZr aoImQ>br Amho. _mbH$mÀ`m

AmV§H$s AÝ`m`m{déÕ bT>Ê`mgmR>r X{bVm§Mr _mZ{gH$Vm V`ma H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUmao

B§Jio _mñVa {eË`m~mbm g_OmdyZ gm§JVmZm åhUVmV,

""B§Jio �- H$moaQ>H$MoarZ§ O_§b {eË`m~m ? Ë`m {O{_Zr ËòÀ`m ~mnmnñZ§ ËòÀ`m Vmã`mV

hmB©V. \w$H$Q> Kmdb§. Ëò Amg§ gmoS>rb ? H$moaQ> H$Moar n¡godmë`mMr aIob hm`,

{eË`m~m ! Vw_M§ bmI Ia§ Amg§b; na Ý`md Vw_Mm Amg§bM, Amg§ ÝhmB©, Zm

H$m`Xm Vw_Mm, Zm gaH$ma Vw_M§, òH$~r òR>{~Jma ÝhmB©. Amg§ øm ^mS>ImD$

gaH$maM§ åhUZ§ hm`. _bm gm§Jm. Vw_r H$moU hm` ? Vw_r hm`, hòM Á`m

gaH$mabm _mÝò ÝhmB©, Ëò H$gbm Ý`md XoZma ? Ama§, Amgb§ gaH$ma H§$À`m

H$m_mM§ ! Ia§ gm§Jy {eË`m~m ? H$moZ~r Vw_mbm øm {OÝ`mVyZ ÝhmB© gmoS>dy eH$V.

Vw_M§ Vw_rM _moH$i§ Pmb§ nmøOo. AmOda å`m EH$M OmZb§ hm`. _mZgmbm

ËòÀ`m Jwbm_{JarMr OmZrd H$éZ {Xbr H$s...'' 16

darb B§Jio _mñVam§Mo {ddoMZ X{bVm§_Ü o ñdm{^_mZ OmJ¥V H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUmao

Amho. Ë`§mÀ`m_Üò "Apñ_Vm' OmJ¥V H$éZ AÝ`m`m{déÕ ~§S> H$aÊ`mgmR>r àd¥Îm H$aUmao

Amho. ñdV�À`m _w�VrgmR>r ñdV�bmM g§Kf© H$amdo bmJob. Ago gm§JUmao B§Jio _mñVa

{eË`m~m_Üò "{dÐmohr' ^mdZm OmJ¥V H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aV AmhoV. hm à`ËZ X{bVm§Zm

_w�VrMm, AmË_gÝ_mZmMm _mJ© XmIdUmam Amho. "_mbH$mÀ`m' AmV§H$s d¥Îmrbm CKS>-

375

CKS> {damoY H$aUmao B§Jio _mñVa X{bVm§Zm AmXe© dmQy> bmJVmV. Ë`mÀ`m {dMmam§Zr

ào[aV Pmbobr X{bVm§Mr Zdr {nT>r _mbH$mbm {damoY H$aÊ`mMo R>adVo. `mVyZM g§K{Q>V

Pmboë`m {nT>rZo "_mbH$mMm dmS>m noQ>dyZ {Xbm Amho'. _mbH$mZo AmVmn`ªV Ho$boë`m

AË`mMmamMo n[aUm_ Ë`mbm ^moJmdo bmJVmV. noQ>boë`m dmS>çm_Üò Ë`mbm àmUmbm _wH$mdo

bmJVo. AWm©VM gm_m{OH$ Ý`mæ` h¸$mgmR>r, g_mO {Z{_©VrgmR>r X{bVm§Mr ZdrZ {nT>r

AmH«$_H$ "{dÐmohr' y{_H$m KoVmZm {XgVo.

XÎmm JV m§À`m "dmQ>m-nidmQ>m' _YyZhr AmH«$_H$ {dÐmoh àË``mg oVmo. X{bVm§Zm

gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` h¸$ {_imdm, mgmR>r X{bV Midir_Üò gH«$s` Agboë`m VrZ {nT>çm§Mo

{MÌU àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òVo. `m_Yrb {Vgar {nT>r AË`§V AmH«$_H$ Agë`mMo {XgyZ

òVo. hOmamo df} Jwbm_{Jar gmogmì`m bmJboë`m X{bVm§Zm _w�VrgmR>r S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Zr

bT>Ê`mMo ~i {Xbo. {Vgè`m {nT>rMm {dÐmohr ì`{�V_ÎdmMm AOw©Z àm. gVre m§Zm åhUVmo,

""AOw©Z �- hm g§Kf© Zmhr. hr Midi Zmhr. ho `wÕ Amho ga. _hm`wÕmnojm _moR>§ ! Am{U

`wÕmV gJi§ jå` AgV§ ! {dO`mH$S>o ZoVmo Vmo _mJ© Iam !'' 17

Cnamo�V {ddoMZmVyZ X{bV g_mO àJVrgmR>r, X{bVm§Zm gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` h¸$

{_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r AmH«$_H$ {dÐmohr y{_H$m KoUmar X{bVm§Mr ZdrZ {nT>r òVo. Ë`m§Mm

g§Kf© Aàd¥ÎmtZm Zï> H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amho. _mZdVoÀ`m _yë` à{Vð>mnZogmR>r Amho.

am_ZmW MìhmUm§À`m "~m`H$mo _r XodmMr' m EH$m§{H$Ho$VyZ Xodmbm gmoS>boë`m _wairMr

OrdZì`Wm oVo. eodQ>r _mÌ _wair AgUmar "gmaOm' Amnë`m _wbrbm "_wair' åhUyZ gmoS>Uma

Zmhr Agm ~§S>Imoa {ZU© KoVo. {VMm {dÐmoh AÝ`m`r ì`dñWobm PwJméZ XoUmam Amho. Ë`m§À`m

"~m_ZdmS>m' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ AmH«$_H$ {dÐmoh àË``mg òVmo. `m ZmQ>H$mÀ`m Ame`mg§X^m©V

g_mOdmXr amOH$s` ZoVo lr. ZmZmgmho~ Jmoao åhUVmV, ""OmVr` q^VmS>mÀ`m A oÚ

~§XrImÝ`mV _mUwgH$sbm _mUgo H$er nmaIr hmoVmV. Vo Va `m ZmQ>H$mV {dXmaH$ arVrZo

376

XmIdbobo AmhoM. nU Zì`m {nT>rMo {~OrJrfy _Z Vr VQ>~§Xr \$moSy>Z EH$mË_VoÀ`m Zì`m dmQ>m

H$em hþS>Hy$Z H$mT>Vo. Vohr gyMdbobo Amho.... \w$bo Am§~oS>H$am§Mo EH$ag g_mOmMo {MÌ `m

ZmQ>H$mVyZ AmH$ma KoVo.'' 18

åhUOoM àñWm{nVm§Zr X{bVm§da bmXboë`m Jwbm_{JarVyZ

_w�V hmoÊ`mgmR>r X{bVm§Mr Zdr {nT>r "{dÐmohr' y{_Ho$V Amho. hm {dÐmoh S>m°. Am§~oS>H$a Am{U

_. \w$bo m§À`m {dMmam§Zr ào[aV Pmbm Amho. m {dÐmohmMo A§{V_ Ü o "dJ©{dahrV, g_mOaMZm

{Z_m©U H$aUo' ho Amho. VgoM "_mZdVoÀ`m _yë` à{Vð>mnZogmR>r' hm {dÐmoh Ambobm Amho.

àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ ~«m÷Ur g§ñH¥$Vrbm {MH$Q>yZ amhÿZ ~«m÷UoÎmam§Mm N>idmX H$aUmar

g§ñH¥$Vr oVo. VgoM m g§ñH¥$Vrbm {damoY H$aUmar X{bVm§Mr ZdrZ {nT>r oVo. m XmoKm§_Ybm

g§Kf© m ZmQ>H$mVyZ Ambm Amho. g_mO n[adV©ZmÀ`m MidirV PmoHy$Z {Xboë`m VmË`m~Ôb

Jm¡ad-CX²Jma H$mT>VmZm AemoH$ åhUVmo,

""AemoH$ �- Ia§ hm` ËòM ~mobbmo. Am{U AmOhr _mP§ VoM _V Amho. VmH$mbm Om`M§ AmZ²

JmS>J§ bndm`M§ Amgb§ H$m_ Ýhm` Amnb§ VmË`m. Am_M§ åh§Or H$g§ amoH$^m`

R>moH$ ~mobZ§ AgV§ ~Jm gmR>ogmho~. Am§~oS>H$ambm ~mn AmZ² \w$ë`mbm AmOm

_mZUmar Amåhr _mÝg§ AmhmoV. Jobr H$mhr dgª g_mO n[adV©ZmM§ H$m_ VmË`m§À`m

g§J§ Am_r H$aVy`. VmË`m~r Am_mñZr Mm§Jb§ _mJ©Xe©Z H$aË`mV. Ýhm` Ag§

Zm`. Ë`m§À`m ~Ôb e§â Q> o$ ½`ma§Q>r hm` ~Jm. PmonS>nÅ>r gwYmaUm Agy hmo

VmË`m _moa§. nmUdR>çmMm àíZ Agy Úo VmË`m åhmoa§. Zm_m§Va Agy Úo. VmË`m

gdmªÀ`m åhmoa§M'' 19

darb {ddoMZmdéZ X{bV Midir_Ü o PmoHy$Z {Xboë`m VmË`mZo X{bVm§Zm gm_m{OH$

Ý`mæ` h¸$ {_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r AmH«$_H$ "{dÐmohr' y{_H$m KoVbr Amho. hr {nT>r g_mO-

n[adV©ZmMo H$m`© A{Ve` g_{n©V ^mdZoZo H$aV Amho. VgoM amoIR>moH$ H$m`©nÕVrZo hr

Midi ge�VnUo nwT>o ZoUmar hr {nT>r Amho. OmVr-OmVr_Yrb Xar g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r

377

VmË`m, Xwgè`m {nT>rVrb AemoH$ H$m`©aV AmhoV. S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Zm Ano{jV AgUmè`m

MidirMm Ame` gmR>o gmho~m§Zm gm§JVmZm AemoH$ åhUVmo,

""AemoH$ �- OmVrMo dmS>o OnÊ`mgmR>r ~m~mgmho~m§À`m Midir ZmhrV. OmVrMo dmS>o

nmS>Ê`mgmR>r AmhoV. AmZ² gmR>o gmho~ Vg§ ZñV Va VmË`mgmho~m§À`m gma»`m

~m_Z _mUgm§À`m Im§Úmbm Im§Xm bmdyZ `m bT>mB©V Am_r CVabmo ZgVmo.

Am_r BWë`m OmVr _moS>m`bm {ZKmbmo`. Vw_À`m gma»`m X{bV gmò~

bmoH$mñZr Vo Ý`m` C_Jm`M§�&'' 20

darb {ddoMZmdéZ X{bV g_mO àJVrgmR>r Midir_Üò PmoHy$Z {Xboë`m X{bV

H$m`©H$Ë`m©À`m H$m`m©Mr {Xem OmVr`VoÀ`m q^Vr nmS>Ê`mÀ`m _mJm©Zo OmV Amho. "OmVr-

ì`dñWm, H$_©R> éT>r na§nam g§n{dUo' ho Üò` ~miJyZ X{bV Midir_Yrb H$m`©H$Vm©

AmH«$_H$ "{dÐmohr' y{_H$m KoVmZm {XgVmo. hm {dÐmoh A_mZwfVm g§n{dUmam Am{U _mZdVoMr

_yë` àñWm{nV H$aUmam Amho.

àH$me {Ì wdZ m§À`m "Wm§~m am_amÁ` oV§`' m ZmQ>H$mVyZ JmdMm AmV§H$s nmQ>rb

Am{U X{bV AgUmam AmZ§X `m§À`m_Yrb g§Kf© {M{ÌV Pmbm Amho.

ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va Am{U S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§À`m X{bV CÕmaH$ MidirZ§Va gaH$mar

YmoaUmZwgma X{bVm§Zm gdbVr {Xë`m Joë`m. _mÌ àË`jmV Ë`m X{bVm§n ªV nmohMy Úm`À`m

ZmhrV. `mH$S>o àñWm{nVm§Mo bj Amho. àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ C�{e{jV X{bV `wdH$ AmZ§X

Amnë`m OrdZmMo Üò` g_mOmMr godm H$aÊ`mMo Agë`mMo gm§JVmo. Vmo S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Mo

{dMma X{bV ~m§Ydm§n`ªV nmohmoMdÊ`mMo H$m`© H$aVmo. AmZ§Xbm JmdMm nmQ>rb gan§MnX

XoÊ`mMo H$~yb H$aVmo. Voìhm nmQ>bmÀ`m hoVy{df`r AmZ§Xbm g§e` òVmo. nU `m nXmMmhr

g_mOgodm H$aÊ`mgmR>rM Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mMo R>adVmo. gan§MnX XoÊ`mMo nmQ>bmZo

R>a{dë`mZ§Va Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V Pmbobm AmZ§X g§nyU© àñWm{nVm§Zm CÔoeyZ åhUVmo,

378

"" w§H$U§ ~§X H$aÊ`mgmR>r {Xb§` gdbVrM§ hmSy>H$

MKim`bm !

AZ² CnH$ma H$aVmhmV Vwåhr Vo Vw_À`mdaM �&

H$maU

XoUo H$ar AmhmV-Vwåhr Am_Mo

Am_M§M Ka bwQy>Z Ho$b§V Jwbm_

nU

Amåhrhr AmVm OmJo Pmbmo AmhmoV �&

AZ² PJSy>Z {_idbm` gdbVrMm h¸$

g_VoM§ amÁ` ñWmnÊ`mgmR>r�&

g_VoM§ amÁ` ñWmnÊ`mgmR>r�&&'' 21

darb {ddoMZmVyZ X{bV Zm`H$mÀ`m _mZ{gH$VoMr H$ënZm òVo. S>m°.

~m~mgmho~m§À`m {dMmam§Mr XoUJr X{bV g_mOmÀ`m àJVrgmR>rM dmnam`Mr. `m hoVyZo

AmZ§X ào[aV Pmbm Amho. `mgmR>r Vmo àñWm{nVm§À`m {damoYmV AmH«$_H$ {dÐmohr y{_H$m

KoVmo. `m "{dÐmohr' y{_Ho$Mm _w»` hoVy "g_VoMo amÁ` ñWmnZ H$aUo' hm Amho. AWm©VM

AmZ§XMm "{dÐmoh' _mZdVmdmXr Ñ[ï>H$moZmVyZ Ambobm Amho.

{^. {e. qeXo `m§À`m "H$mimoImÀ`m J^m©V' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ H$_©R> éT>r na§nam,

C�dUu`m§Mr g_mOì`dñWm `m§Zm àM§S> {damoY H$aUmar X{bVm§Mr ZdrZ {nT>r òVo. hr

{nT>r {dYm`H$ n[adV©ZmÀ`m Üò`mZo ào[aV Pmbobr Amho. à^mH$a Xwnmao `m§À`m "O`H«$m§Vr'

`m ZmQ>H$mVyZ AÝ`m`J«ñV bmoH$ "{dÐmohmgmR>r' H$go gÁO hmoVmV, `mMo {MÌU òVo.

EH§$XarZo _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ Amboë`m {dÐmohmMo ñdén darbà_mUo Amho.

wJmZw wJo àñWm{nVm§Zr X{bVm§Mo OrdZ A§Y�H$ma_` H$éZ R>odbo Amho. bmXboë`m Xmñ`ËdmZo

379

X{bVm§Zm ZaH$_` `mVZm ghZ H$amì`m bmJë`m. _mÌ S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§À`m

àoaUoVyZ bmXbobo Jwbm_{JarMo OrdZ PwJméZ XoÊ`mgmR>r X{bVm§Mr ZdrZ {nT>r "{dÐmohr'

n{dÍ`mV C^r Amho. hm {dÐmoh A_mZwfVobm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r Am{U _mUwgH$sgmR>r à`ËZerb

Amho. _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òUmao Zm`H$ àñWm{nVm§À`m ì`dñWobm CKS>-CKS>

{damoY H$aVmV. _mÌ Ë`m§Mm hm {damoY {dH¥$V àd¥Îmr g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r Amho. Ag_mZVm g§ndyZ,

g_VoMo amÁ` AmUÊ`mgmR>r Amho.

6.4. ZH$ma �-

àñWm{nV ì`dñWoZo X{bVm§da AdhobZoMo OrUo bmXbo. n[aUm_V� X{bVm§À`m

dmQ>çmbm newdV hrZ OrUo Ambo. m n[apñWVrbm ZmH$maÊ`mMr y{_H$m _amR>rVrb X{bV

ZmQ>H$mZo KoVbr Amho. hm "ZH$ma' C�dUu`m§Zr bmXbobr Jwbm_{Jar, Xmñ`Ëd g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r

Amho. AWm©VM _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mMo Zm`H$ g_mOmVrb {dH¥$V d¥ÎmrMm {ZfoY H$aVmZm,

H$_©R> éT>r na§nam, OmVrì`dñWm, Añn¥í`Vm, dU©ì`dñWm, XS>nemhr, hþHw$_emhr `m§Zm

R>m_nUo ZmH$maVmV. hm "ZH$ma' Zdg_mO {Z{_©VrÀ`m, {dYm`H$ n[adV©ZmÀ`m Üò`mZo

ào[aV Pmbm Amho. Zm`H$mMr hr y{_H$m A_mZdVm PwJméZ XoUmar Am{U _mZdVoMr _yëò

à{Vð>m{nV H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aUmar Amho. _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ Ambobm ZH$ma

OrdZ gw§XaVogmR>r, OrdZ Hw$ebVogmR>r Amho.

ào_mZ§X JÁdr `m§À`m ZmQ>H$m§_YyZ àñWm{nV ì`dñWobm {Xboë`m ZH$mamMo Xe©Z

àË``H$maH$VoZo hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m "{H$ad§V' `m ZmQ>H$m_YyZ òUmam Ho$ed hm A§Ëòï>r H$aUmam

~«m÷U Amho. Vmo na§nam ZmH$mé eH$V Zmhr. _mÌ Ë`mMm YmH$Q>m ^mD$ dmgwXod `m na§nam

PwJméZ bmdVmZm {XgVmo. Va "VZ_mOmoar' ZmQ>H$m_Üò AmV§H$s _mbH$mÀ`m d¥Îmrbm R>m_nUo

ZmH$maUmao B§Jio _mñVa òVmV. gmVË`mZo Owby_ H$aUmè`m _mbH$mbm Vo åhUVmV,

""B§Jio �- ìh` ZoË`mV AmZ² Vo ImË`mV~r nmoQ>mgmR>r.... Vw_r Vw_À`m JwamT>moam§Zm H$Yr JìhmMm,

380

H$Yr Ow§Xù`mMm IwamH$ XoVm. OZmda§ _mZgmJV MmdyZ ImV ÝhmB©V. åhÿZ Vo YmÝ`

Ë |À`m nmoQ>mVZ§ Vg§M \w$JyZ ^mB©a oV§, eoZmgH$Q>. Ë o MmoéZ ZoË`mV. ~§Ymè`mda

YwË`mV AmZ² eoZmV Kmdbob§ Jhÿ-Ow§Xi§ dmidyZ AS>rAS>MUrbm ImË`mV,

OZmdamM§ eoZ ImË`mV. na H$ï> H$aË`mV, Vw_À`mgmR>r. AmZ² Vw_r AmgyS> AmoT>Vm

Ë |À`m nmR>rda {Zb©ÁOnU§ �&'' 22

darb {ddoMZmVyZ B§Jio _mñVa X{bV OrdZ {dXmaH$Vm gm§JVmV. _mbH$mbm `m

n[apñWVrMm Om~ {dMmaUmao _mñVa hr AÝ`m`r ì`dñWm AmVm CbWdyZ Q>mH$Ê`mgmR>r

X{bV g_mO g§Kfm©À`m n{dÍ`mV Agë`mMo gyMdVmV. "_mbH$mbm' Om~ {dMmaUmao B§Jio

_mñVa nmhÿZ X{bVm§_Üò àñWm{nVm§Zm, Ë`m§À`m ì`dñWobm "ZH$ma' XoÊ`mMr àoaUm {Z_m©U

Pmbr Amho. Ë`m§À`m `m g§Kf©_` ^mdZm§Mr OmUrd B§Jio _mñVa "_mbH$mbm' nwT>rb

{ddoMZmVyZ H$éZ XoVmV,

""B§Jio �- ìh` ! R>md§ hm` ! `m _mVrÀ`m H$UmH$Umbm R>md§ hm` Mbo Omd, Mbo Omd§

Pmb§... bmb _mH$S>§ {ZKyZ Jobr.... AmZ² hr H$mi§ _mH$S>§ Ambr. XoegodoM§ Zmd

KoV JmdmoJmd _mOmoa Pmbr. Jmoè`mZ§hr Omo AÝ`md H$Yr Ho$bm ÝhmB©, Ë`mo BWë`m

H$mù`m§Zr Ho$bm. BWb§ Am{Xdmgr, JmoaJar~ XoemoYS>rbm bmdb§. Ë`|À`m {O{_Zr

bmQ>ë`m ~§XwH$sÀ`m Omoamda. AmZ² Ia§ _mbH$ Vg§M-hm`b§ bmMma. Ë`|À`m

Km_mda C^r Ho$br _hmb_mS>r. Vmbw�`mbm C^mabm gmH$a§Mm H$maImZm. {hVbm

D$g OmVmo {VW§ V`ma H$aVmo ~¸$i n¡H$m. Vw_Mr nmoa~mi§ CS>dË`mV _moQ>maJmS>r.

AmZ² øo Jar~... ñdmV§Í` Hw$Q>§ hmB©g Vy ? Hw$ZmÀ`m A§JmImbr gdVmMr goO

gOdVwg ? Jar~mMr CX²ÜdñV bº$a§ Vwbm {XgV ZgVrb, Va EH$ {Xg Agm

`rb... _mbH$, Ia§ gm§JVmo, VwÁ`m~r S>moømÀ`m ìhVrb ImMm. Vwbm~r O~m~

{_i§b AmgwS>mZ§, AmgwS>mMm. VwOo~r VwQ>Vrb hmVnm`. VwÁ`m~r nmoar~mirda

381

hmoVrb {XdgmT>dù`m `wJm`wJmMo ~bmËH$ma.'' 23

B§Jio _mñVa Owb_r _mbH$mbm dmñVdVoMr OmUrd H$éZ XoVmZm darb {ddoMZ

òVo. VwPm AÝ`m` AmVmn`ªV _wH$mQ>nUo ghZ H$aUmao AmVm OmJ¥V ìhm`bm bmJbo Amho.

BVHo$ df} ghZ Ho$bobo AÝ`m`MH«$ Wm§~b§ Zmhr, Va Vwbmhr Ë`mMo n[aUm_ moJmdo bmJVrb.

n[adV©ZdmXr {dMmam§Zr ào[aV Pmbobr X{bVm§Mr Zdr {nT>r VwÂ`m AË`mMmar gm_«mÁ`mbm

"ZmH$maÊ`mgmR>r' gÁO Pmë`mMo B§Jio _mñVa gm§JVmV. AWm©VM `wJmZw`wJo bmXboë`m

Xmñ`Ëdmbm, hrZËdmbm PwJméZ XoÊ`mgmR>r Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V Pmbobr X{bVmMr Zdr {nT>r

g§Kfm©g gÁO Pmë`mMo ZmQ>H$H$ma gy{MV H$aVmo.

XÎmm ^JVm§À`m "dmQ>m nidmQ>m' _YyZhr "ZH$ma' _yëò àË``H$maH$VoZo OmUdVo.

àm. gVre m§Mm {dÚmWu AOw©Z AË`§V AmH«$_H$ {dÐmohr_ÎdmMm Amho. X{bV MidirgmR>r

Ë`mZo Amnbo OrdZ dm{hbobo Amho. àñWm{nVm§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vobm "ZH$ma' XoÊ`mMr

Ë`mMr _mZ{gH$Vm "X{bVm§Zm ñdm{^_mZmZo OJVm Ambo nm{hOo' Ago gy{MV H$aUmar

Amho. XmgamdmZo AOw©ZmMm An_mZ Ho$bm Amho. Vmo Amnbr gmoZdbda ào_ H$aVmo ho ghZ Z

Pmë`mZo. Voìhm CÛoJmZo Vmo ho_mbm åhUVmo,

""AOw©Z �- J¡ag_O ? hmoVm, nU AmVm Zmhr, ~mB©, VwåhrM {dMmam {hbm. _r H$Yr

{hÀ`mer Mma eãX Var gbJ ~mobbmo` H$m ? PmonS>rV amhVmo åhUyZ _r

{Zb©ÁO ? nmoaH$m Amho åhUyZ Jw§S> ? X[aÐr Amho åhUyZ dmømV ? bmWoZ§

CS>dVmo _r Agë`m BÁOVXmam§Zm. Ww§H$Vmo Aem§À`m lr_§Vrda !'' 24

darb {ddoMZmVyZ Ambobm AOw©ZmMm CÛoJ àñWm{nVm§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vobm

bmWS>Umam Amho. Ë`mZo XmgamdmÀ`m {dH¥$VVobm ZmH$mabo Amho. Ë`m§Zr AOw©ZMm Ho$bobm

An_mZ OmVr`VoMo, C�-ZrMVoMo ÚmoVH$ Amho. åhUyZ Vmo ñdmWu, H$_©R> d¥Îmr ZmH$maVmZm

{XgVmo. X{bV Midir_Üò g{H«$` AgUmam AOw©Z àñWm{nVm§Mr g_mOì`dñWm PwJméZ

382

XoVmZm àM§S> AmH«$_H$ hmoVmo.

àH$me {Ì^wdZ `m§À`m "Wm§~m am_amÁ` òV§`' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ àñWm{nV

g_mOì`dñWobm {Xbobm "ZH$ma' òVmo. AmV§H$s d¥ÎmrÀ`m JmdÀ`m nmQ>bmMr {dH¥$V

_mZ{gH$Vm, Ë`mZo bmXbobr Jwbm_{Jar X{bV wdH$ "AmZ§X' ZmH$maVmo. hZw_mZmÀ`m dofmVrb

nmQ>bmMm _mUyg X{bVm§Mr dñVr OmiVmo. Voìhm nmobrg `m àH$aUmMr Mm¡H$er AmZ§XH$S>o

H$aVmV. X{bV dñVr_Üò "emim' Mmb{dUmam AmZ§X Ë`m§Zm åhUVmo,

""AmZ§X �- MyH$. _r `m gJù`m§Zm gm§JV hmoVmo, Vwåhr _mUg§ AmhmV, _mUgmM§ OrdZ

OJm. AÝ`m`m{déÕ PJS>m`bm {eH$m.'' 25

Cnamo�V {ddoMZmdéZ AmZ§X "Jwb_m{Jar' bmXUmar AmV§H$s ì`dñWm ZmH$mabr

nm{hOo Ago Amnbm ~m§Ydm§Zm gm§JVmo. Ë`mMm hm Ñ{ï>H$moZ A_mZwfVobm {damoY H$aUmam

Amho. Amnë`m {_Ìmbm JmdmVrb X{bVm§À`m OrdZmMr {dXmaH$ AdñWm AmZ§X XmIdVmo.

JmdÀ`m nmQ>bmÀ`m {damoYmV Hw$Urhr Omdy eH$V Zmhr. åhUyZM Agmø ì`{�§VZm nmQ>bmMr

AË`mMmar ì`dñWm ZmH$maÊ`mgmR>r àoaUm XoÊ`mMo H$m`© AmZ§X H$aÊ`mMo R>adVmo. m~m~VrV

Vmo Amnë`m {_Ìmbm åhUVmo,

""AmZ§X �- ~{KVb§g ? Xwgè`mgmR>r ~iH$Q> Agbobo hmVnm`. ñdV�gmR>r bwionm§Jio

R>aVmV. Xwgè`mgmR>r VrúU Agbobo H$mZS>moio Amnë`mgmR>r {Zén`moJr

R>aVmV. Xwgè`mgmR>r MwaMwa MmbUmar Or^ ñdV�À`m Xw�Im~Ôb ~mobVmZm

_wH$s R>aVo, H$m ? `m§Mo VrúU YS>YmH$Q> Ad`d Ago H$m hmoVmV ? H$maU

_ZmMr Xw~©bVm ! _ZmZ§ _obm`§ hm Xw~im _mUyg Ë`mbm Zdm g§OrdZr _§Ì

Úm`Mm` _bm ! ~m~mgmho~m§Zr {Xbobm ñdm{^_mZmMm _§Ì ! Xwgè`mgmR>r AhmoamÌ

OmJaU H$aUmè`m nU ñd{hVm~Ôb Pmonboë`m X{bVmbm _bm OmJ§ H$am`M§

Amho. Ë`mbm nhm`bm, ~mobm`bm, EoH$m`bm, PJS>m`bm {eH$dm`M§` _bm !

383

gd© nr{S>VmZm EH$Ì AmUm`M`² _bm, {nS>Umè`m{déÕ ~§S> nwH$mam`bm.''26

Cnamo�V {ddoMZmdéZ AmZ§X JmdmVrb X{bVm§Zm AË`mMmar _mZ{gH$Vobm

ZmH$maÊ`mgmR>r V`ma H$aÊ`mMo R>adVmo. Ë`mMm hm Ñ{ï>H$moZ X{bVm§Zm Jwbm_{JarVyZ,

Xmñ`ËdmVyZ _w�V H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amho. A_mZdVm g§ndyZ _mZdVoMr _yë o àñWm{nV H$aÊ`mgmR>r

Amho. AWm©VM "ZH$ma' ho _yë` {dYm`H$ n[adV©ZdmXr Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Ambobo Amho.

WmoS>�`mV _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ oUmam "ZH$ma' darbà_mUo Amho. Zm`H$m§Zr

{Xbobm "ZH$ma' C�dUu`m§À`m {dH¥$V ì`dñWobm Amho. H$maU `m ì`dñWoZoM X{bVm§da

Jwbm_{JarMo, emofZmMo, {nidUwH$sMo hrZ OrUo bmXbo. àñWm{nVm§Mr {dH¥$V àd¥Îmr

g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r "ZH$ma' XoVmZm _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo {dYm`H$ g_mO n[adV©ZmMo,

g_VoÀ`m amÁ`mMo, _mZdVoÀ`m _yë` à{Vð>mnZoMo C[Ôï> R>odbo Amho.

6.5. gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s �-

X{bV g_mOmÀ`m àJVrgmR>r, gm_m{OH$ Ý`mæ` h¸$mgmR>r _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$

à`ËZerb Amho. `mVyZM _amR>r X{bV ZmQ>H$m§_YyZ "{dÐmoh' Am{U "ZH$ma' _yëò òVmZm

{XgVmV. ZmQ>H$m§Mr hr ^y{_H$m {dYm`H$ gm_m{OH$ n[adV©ZmgmR>r Amho. ho n[adV©Z

"X{bVm§Zm _mUgmgmaIo OJVm mdo.' hr Anojm R>odVo. VgoM _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ

X{bV Om{Udm, X{bVm§À`m ^mdZm, n[adV©ZmÀ`m Anojm CX²Y¥V hmoVmV. ZmQ>H$H$mamMr

hr y{_H$m gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$sMo ZmVo OmonmgUmao Amho.

_amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m_Üò {H$gZ \$mJyOr ~§XgmoS>o `m§À`m Obí`m§Zr Am{U

ZmQ>H$m§Zr "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s' Omonmgë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. 1924 _Üò Ë`m§Zr "g§V

MmoIm_oim' ho ZmQ>H$ {b{hbo. àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ Ë`m§Zr MmoIm_où`mMr ì`Wm, àñWm{nV

{dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vm `mdaVr ^mî` Ho$bo Amho. AWm©VM X{bVm§À`m `wJmZw`wJm§À`m `mVZm

àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ {H$gZ \$mJyOr CX²Y¥V H$aVmV. gm_m{OH$ Om{UdoVyZ ho ZmQ>H$ òVmZm

384

{XgVo. VgoM "emioMm ßbm°Q>', "{M_UMm dJ' `mgma»`m dJZmQ>çmVyZ Ë`m§Zr Añn¥í`m§Mr

hmoUmar {nidUyH$, A_mZdVm `m§À`m {MÌUm~amo~a, `m{déÕ X{bV _mZ{gH$Vm g§Kfm©g

gÁO Pmë`mMo gy{MV Ho$bo Amho. AWm©VM X{bVm§Zm gm_m{OH$ Ý`mæ` h¸$ {_imdm `m

hoVyZo Ë`m§Mo ZmQ>ç boIZ oVo.

àmMm`© _. {^. {MQ>Urg m§À`m "`wJ`mÌm' m ZmQ>H$mVyZ wJmZw wJo X{bVm§Mr hmoUmar

{nidUyH$ òVo. VgoM S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§À`m àoaUoVyZ X{bV g_mO g§Kfm©g g�m

Pmë`mMo {MÌU oVo. JmdHw$gm~mhoa Cno{jVm§Mo OrdZ OJUmè`m X{bVm§_Üò S>°m. ~m~mgmho~

Am§~oS>H$am§À`m énmZo "_hm_mZd" àH$me KodyZ Ambm. àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ _. {^. {MQ>Urgm§Zr

X{bVm§Mo àoaUmñWmZ Agboë`m S>°m. Am§~oS>H$am§Mo OrdZ aoImQ>bo Amho. VgoM X{bV OrdZ

dmñVdVoda àH$me Q>mH$bobm Amho. E¡{Vhm{gH$, nm¡am{UH$ H$mbI§S>mnmgyZ X{bVm§da

hmoUmam AÝ`m` {MQ>Urgm§Zr {M{ÌV Ho$bm Amho. X{bVm§Zm _mUygH$sÀ`m h¸$mnmgyZ

àñWm{nVm§Zr H$go d§{MV R>odbo, `mMo öX`ÐmdH$ {MÌU "`wJ`mÌm_YyZ" òVo. bmXboë`m

Xmñ`ËdmVyZ _wº$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r, {dYm`H$ n[adV©ZmgmR>r X{bV g_mO g�m Pmë`mMo _.

{^. {MQ>Urg àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ gy{MV H$aVmV. Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m X{bV g_mO {hVmMr,

g_mOàJVrMr Amho. AWm©VM ZmQ>H$H$mamMr hr y{_H$m gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$sMo ÚmoVH$ Amho.

ào_mZ§X JÁdr `m§À`m "{H$ad§V', "VZ _mOmoar' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ Cno{jVm§À`m X`Zr`

AdñWoda n«H$me nS>Vmo. VgoM X{bV _Zm§À`m Ý`mæ` Anojm§Mo {MÌU àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ

òVo. Ë`m§À`m "{H$ad§V" ZmQ>H$mVyZ Vo _mZdr ì`dhmamda _m{_©H$ ^mî` H$aVmV. "Ho$ed" `m

A§Ëòï>r H$aUmè`m ~«måhUmÀ`m OrdZì`dñWoda àH$me Q>mH$VmZm ZmQ>H$H$ma _mUgm§À`m

_yi àd¥Îmrda àH$me Q>mH$Vmo. Ho$ed na§nam ZmH$mé eH$V Zmhr. _mÌ dmgwXod hm Ë`mMm

YmH$Q>m ^mD$ àñWm{nVm§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoÀ`m {déÕ àM§S> AmH«$_H$ g§Kfm©À`m

n{dÍ`mV Amho. ñdV� loð> g_Oë`m OmUmè`m ~«m÷Um§H$Sy>Z gmVË`mZo hmoUmam An_mZ

385

dmgwXod PwJméZ bmdVmo. ñdhrV OnUmar hr dJu` ì`dñWm hrZ nmVirdaMm {dMma

H$aUmar Amho. åhUyZM g_mO-n[adV©Zm{edm` X{bVm§Zm gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` {_iUma Zmhr

Ago ào_mZ§X JÁdr gyMdVmV. AWm©VM Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m gm_m{OH$ Om{Udm OmonmgUmar

Amho. Va Ë`m§À`m "VZ-_mOmoar' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ Ambobm Ame` "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s'

OmonmgUmam Amho. AmV§H$s "_mbH$' Ë`m§À`m AË`mMmamZo Xmñ`ËdmMo OrUo ghZ H$aUmar

X{bVm§Mr {nT>r, _mbH$m§À`m AmV§H$s d¥Îmrbm {damoY H$aUmao B§Jio _mñVa, m ì`{�VaoImVyZ

ào_mZ§X JÁdtZr X{bV OrdZ Om{Udm, X{bVm§À`m Anojm ì`�V Ho$ë`m AmhoV.

g_mO_w�VrgmR>r bT>Ê`mg gÁO Pmboë`m `wdH$m§Zm nmhÿZ CÚmÀ`m dJ©{da{hV, dU©

{da{hV g_mOmMr ñdßZo B§Jio _mñVabm nS>VmV. AmV§H$s _mbH$mMm dmS>m AË`mMmarV

X{bVm§Zr EH$OyQ> hmodyZ noQ>dyZ {Xbm. ho _wH$mX_mÀ`m Vm|Sy>Z EoH$ë`mda B§Jio _mñVa åhUVmV,

""B§Jio �- `m {R>U½`m AmVm H$YrM {dPUma ZmhrV, H$YrM. àËòH$ {R>UJr hmoB©b

dUdm. gJù`m _mOmoar VUmMr hmoB©b amI. Am{U Ë`m amIoVyZ OÝ_mbm òB©b

EH$ Zdm njr, âmaUmam AmH$meâ... !'' 27

darb {ddoMZ g_mO-n[adV©ZmMr Zm§Xr Agë`mMo ZmQ>H$H$ma gy{MV H$aVmo. B§Jio

_mñVam§Zr Ho$boë`m à`ËZm§Zm X{bVm§À`m EH$OyQ>rZo e Ambo Amho. X{bV g_mO g§K{Q>VnUo

_mbH$m§À`m AmV§H$s gm_«mÁ`mbm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZerb AmhoV. mVyZM Ë`m§Zr _mbH$mMm

dmS>m noQ>dyZ {Xbm Amho. hrM n[adV©ZmMr, Iar gwédmV Agë`mMr B§Jio _mñVa _mZVmV.

AWm©VM X{bV g_mO {hVmMm {dMma ZmQ>H$H$mamZo _m§S>bm Amho. Ë`m§Mr hr ^y{_H$m

"gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$sMo' ÚmoVH$ Amho.

XÎmm ^JV `m§À`m "dmQ>m-nidmQ>m' _YyZ X{bV g_mOmoÕmaUogmR>r X{bV

Midir_Üò g{H«$` AgUmar X{bVm§Mr ZdrZ {nT>r oVo. S>m°. Am§~oS>H$am§À`m ì`{�V_ÎdmZo

^mamdboë`m `m {nT>r_Üò "{dYm`H$ g_mO-n[adV©ZmgmR>r' gd©ñdmMm Ë`mJ H$aÊ`mMr

386

V`mar Amho. X{bV g_mO àJVrgmR>r à`ËZerb AgUmam n{hë`m {nT>rVrb H$m`©H$Vm©

åhUyZ H$mH$mOrMr AmoiI `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ hmoVo. H$mH$mOr X{bVm§À`m {hVmgmR>r AhmoamÌ

H$m`©aV AmhoV. Vo H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr VS>OmoS> ñdrH$maV ZmhrV. gOJ gm_m{OH$

Om{UdoVyZ H$mH$mOr H$m`©aV AmhoV. Va Xwgè`m {nT>rMm à{V{ZYr àm. gVre (H$mH$mOtMm

_wbJm) S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§À`m àoaUoVyZ g_mOmVrb {dH¥$V àd¥Îmr g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r Am{U S>m°.

~m~mgmho~m§Mo {dMma g_mOm_Üò éO{dÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZerb Amho. Va {Vgè`m {nT>rVrb

AOw©Z X{bVm§À`m _w�VrgmR>r, gm_m{OH$ Ý`mæ` h¸$mgmR>r, H«$m§{VH$mar n[adV©ZmgmR>r

AmH«$_H$ {dÐmohr y{_H$m KoVmo. "dmQ>m-nidmQ>m' _YyZ òUmè`m`m {VÝhr {nT>çm X{bV

g_mO-àJVrgmR>r H$m ©aV AmhoV. Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s OmonmgUmar Amho.

am_ZmW MìhmUm§À`m "~m_ZdmS>m' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ X{bVm§Mr OrdZ{dXmaH$Vm òVo.

X{bV g§Kfm©Mo {MÌU H$aUmao am_ZmW MìhmU gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s OmonmgUmao AmhoV.

àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ g_mO-n[adV©ZmÀ`m MidirV PmoHy$Z XoUmao VmË`m X{bVm§À`m `wdH$

{nT>rbm AmXe© dmQ>VmV. PmonS>nÅ>r gwYmaUm, nmUdR>çmMm àíZ, Zm_m§VamMm àíZ `m

g_ñ`m gmoS>dVmZm VmË`m gJù`mÀ`m nwT>o AgV. VmË`m§Zm _mZUmam AemoH$ OmVr`Vm,

H$_©R> éT>r na§nam g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r, X{bV MidirÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ H$m`©aV Amho. àñVwV

ZmQ>H$mVyZ òUmao VmË`m Am{U AemoH$ X{bVm§À`m gdmªJrU àJVrgmR>r à`ËZerb AmhoV.

Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m gOJ gm_m{OH$ Om{UdoMo ÚmoVH$ Amho.

àH$me {Ì wdZ m§À`m "Wm§~m am_amÁ` oV§ ' m ZmQ>H$mVyZ "AmZ§XZo Ho$bobm JmdÀ`m

nmQ>bm{déÕMm g§Kf©' hm X{bV g_mOmoÞVrgmR>r Amho. ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va X{bVm§Zm H$m`ÚmZo

gdbVr {Xë`m. _mÌ Ë`m X{bVmn`ªV nmohMy Úm`À`m ZmhrV. Aer ì`dñWm àñWm{nV

H$aVmZm {XgVmV. m {dH¥$Vr{déÕ AmZ§X gKf© H$aV amhVmo. Amnë`m {ejUmMm Cn`moJ,

X{bV g_mOmMr godm H$aÊ`mgmR>r, X{bV g_mOmVrb AkmZr, A§YlÕmiy bmoH$m§_Üò

387

kmZén {Xdm bmdÊ`mgmR>r H$aÊ`mMo Vmo R>adVmo. VgoM S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Mo H«$m§{VH$mar

VÎdkmZ g_mOmn`ªV nmhmoMdÊ`mMo H$m`© AmZ§X H$aVmo. JmdMm gan§M Pmë`mda Vmo

àËòH$mMo H$m_ {Zanoj d¥ÎmrZo H$aVmo. nmQ>bmÀ`m ^mdH$sVbm "ZmZm' Á`mÀ`m S>mo�`m_Yrb

"OmV' Jobr Zmhr. Vmo AmZ§Xbm åhUVmo,

""ZmZm �- Ýhm`r åh§Or _bm dmQ>b§ Vwåhr Vw_À`mM OmVrM§ ~KUma �&'' 28

`mdaVr AmZ§XZo {Xbobr à{V{H«$`m A{Ve` _hÎdmMr Amho. Vmo åhUVmo,

""AmZ§X �- Vg§ H$mhr Zmhr. Oo nr{S>V AmhoV. Vo gd© _mÂ`m OmVrMo AmhoV. Vw_À`mVbo Oo

Xw�Ir AmhoV. Oo Jar~ AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm Amåhr Odi H$aUma AmhmoV.'' 29

darb {ddoMZmdéZ nr{S>V AgUmè`m bmoH$m§À`m OrdZmbm Iè`m AWm©Zo Ý`m` {_idyZ

XoÊ`mgmR>r àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVrb Zm`H$ H$m ©aV Amho. Ë`mMr hr Ñï>r g§nyU© g_mO ì`dñWoVrb

nr{S>Vm§Zm Ý`m` XoÊ`mMr Amho. g_mO àJVrgmR>r, gm_m{OH$ Ý`m`mgmR>r à`ËZerb AgUmam

X{bV Zm`H$ C^m H$aUmao àH$me {Ì wdZ gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s OmonmgVmZm {XgVmV.

EH§$XarZo _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òUmar gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s darbà_mUo

Amho. Cnamo�V ZmQ>H$m §_YyZ òUmao X{bV Zm`H$ X{bV g_mOmoÕmaUogmR>r,

g_mOàJVrgmR>r, àñWm{nVm§Mr A_mZwf d¥Îmr g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZerb AmhoV. Ë`m§Mr

hr y{_H$m X{bV g_mOmMo {hV OmonmgUmar Amho, VgoM {dYm`H$ g_mO n[adV©ZmgmR>r

H$m`©aV Amho. gOJ g_mO Om{UdoVyZ H$m`©aV Agbobo Zm`H$ g_mO dmñVdVonmgyZ,

Ë`m§À`m {dd§MZonmgyZ Xya OmV ZmhrV, Va Ë`m§À`mda bmXboë`m `mVZm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r

à`ËZerb AmhoV. Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m "gm_m{OH$-~m§{YbH$s' OmonmgUmar Amho.

6.6. _mZdVmdmX �-

S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Zr H$_©R> éT>r na§nam, OmVr`Vm, àñWm{nVm§Mr {dH¥$V

_mZ{gH$Vm `m§Zm H$S>mSy>Z Ho$bobm {damoY "_mZdVmdmXr' y{_Ho$VyZ òVmo. Ë`m§À`m `m

388

y{_Ho$VyZ àoaUm KodyZ _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ dmQ>Mmb H$aV Amho. m ZmQ>H$mZo A_mZwfVm,

Xmñ`Ëd, Jwbm_{Jar g§n{dÊ`mMo C[Ôï> ~miJbo Amho. Ë`m~amo~aM {dYm`H$ g_mO n[adV©Z,

OrdZ gw§XaVm, OrdZ Hw$ebVm, _mZdr _yë`m§Mr à{Vð>mnZm `mgmR>r _amR>rVrb X{bV

ZmQ>H$ à`ËZerb Amho.

àmMm`© _. {^. {MQ>Urg `m §M o "` wJ`mÌm' ZmQ>H$ åhUOo _hm_mZdmZo

"_mZdVmdmXmgmR>r' Ho$boë`m à`ËZm§Mm AmboIM hmo . Cno{jVm§Zm gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` {_imdm,

Ë`m§Zm _mUgmgmaIo OJVm `mdo, `mgmR>r S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ AI§S>nUo g§Kf© H$aV am{hbo.

AWm©VM "_mZdVmdmXmMm' OmoaXma nwañH$ma H$aUmè`m _hm_mZdmMo OrdZ-H$V¥©Îd ho ZmQ>H$

AYmoao{IV H$aVo. am_mÙmVrb e§~wH$ dY hm A_mZwfVoMm àg§J Agë`mMo ZmQ>H$H$ma gy{MV

H$aVmo. Va ~wÕ H$mimVrb gwOmVm, Cnmbr gmaIr nmÌo aoImQy>Z H$éUoMo, d¡pídH$ _mZdr

_yë`mMo Xe©Z KS>{dVmo. VgoM MmoImo~mMo, Xm_mOrMo, {dRy> _hmamMo àg§J Cô H$aV

`wJmZw`wJmÀ`m OrdZ mÌoV X{bVm§Zm {dXmaH$ OrdZ mVZm gmogmì`m bmJë`mMo ZmQ>H$H$ma

gm§JVmo. ho AdhobZoMo, An_mZmMo hrZ OrUo g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r X{bV g_mO S>m°. ~m~mgmho~

Am§~oS>H$am§À`m àoaUoVyZ OmJ¥V Pmbm Amho. Ë`m§Mr hr OmJ¥Vr _mZdVoMr _yëò àñWm{nV

H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amho.

ào_mZ§X JÁdr `m§À`m "{H$ad§V' ZmQ>H$mVyZ Jwbm_{Jar, AdhobZm `m{déÕ Zm`H$

g§Kfm©À`m n{dÍ`mV C^m Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. A§Ëòï>r H$aUmam Ho$ed na§nam ZmH$mé

eH$V Zmhr. nU {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoVyZ H$_©R>-{dMmam§À`m ~«m÷Um§Zr Ë`m§Mm Ho$bobm An_mZ

dmgwXod ghZ H$é eH$V Zmhr. åhUyZ Vmo éT>r, na§nam PwJméZ XoÊ`mgmR>r {dÐmohmÀ`m

y{_Ho$V C^m Amho. {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoVyZ bmXbobr AdhobZm, Añn¥í`Vm, A_mZwfVm

g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r nma§n[aH$ g_mOì`dñWm ZmH$maÊ`mM§ YmS>g "dmgwXod' XmIdVmo. Ë`mMr

hr y{_H$m "_mUgmbm _mUgmgmaIo OJVm `mdo' `mgmR>rM Amho.

389

ào_mZ§X JÁdtÀ`m "VZ-_mOmoar' _YyZhr X{bV g_mOmbm AÝ`m`m{déÕ,

A_mZdVo{déÕ g§Kfm©g ào[aV H$aUmao B§Jio _mñVa "_mZdVmdmXmMo' nwañH$V} AmhoV.

JmdMm nmQ>rb AmV§H$s d¥ÎmrMm Amho. Ë`mZo X{bVm§Zm "Jwbm_' ~ZdyZ R>odbo Amho. Ë`m§À`m

{nT>çmZ² {nT>çm X{bVm§da AË`mMma, Owby_ H$aV AmhoV. dmemÀ`m dS>rbmbm, dmembm

Amnbo Xmñ`Ëd ñdrH$maÊ`mgmR>r Vmo ^mJ nmS>Vmo. g§nyU© Jmdmda Amnbm dMH$ Agmdm

`mgmR>r Vmo Xw~©bm§À`m AgmøVoMm \$m`Xm KoVmo. _mÌ S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§À`m àoaUoVyZ X{bVm§Zm

AmV§H$s nmQ>bm§Mm AÝ`m` PwJméZ bmdÊ`mgmR>r ~i XoÊ`mMo H$m_ B§Jio _mñVa H$aVmV.

nmQ>bmbm Ë`m§À`m {dH¥$V d¥Îmr~Ôb Bemam XoVmV. ñdV�Mo dV©Z ~Xbbo Zmhr, Va X{bVm§Mr

{dÐmohr_ËdmMr {nT>r VwÂ`m AmV§H$s gm_«mÁ`mMm Zm`ZmQ> H$arb, Ago gm§JVmV. eodQ>r

nmQ>bmÀ`m AË`mMmambm, A_mZwfVobm H§$Q>miboë`m X{bVm§Zr nmQ>bmMm "dmS>m' noQ>dyZ

XodyZ g_mO H«$m§VrÀ`m {XeoZo nmD$b Q>mH$bo Amho. Ë`m§Mr hr H¥$Vr _mUgmbm "_mUygnU'

{_imdo. `mgmR>r Agë`mMo OmUdVo.

XÎmm ^JV `m§À`m "dmQ>m-nidmQ>m' _YyZ n[adV©ZdmXr {dMmam§Zr ^mamdbobr

X{bVm§Mr {nT>r àñWm{nVm§À`m A_mZwfVobm, {nidUyH$sbm H$S>mSy>Z {damoY H$aUmar Amho.

S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§À`m ñdßZmVrb ^maV {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUmam Am{U

X{bV g_mOmÀ`m àJVrgmR>r à`ËZerb AgUmam n{hë`m {nT>rVrb H$m`©H$Vm© åhUyZ

òUmao "H$mH$mOr' àñWm{nVm§À`m A_mZdr` ì`dñWo{déÕ g§Kf© H$aVmV. Ë`m§Mr AmoiI

nwT>rb {dYmZmdéZ hmoVo. Amnë`m gyZ~mB©bm H$mH$mOr åhUVmV,

""H$mH$m �- gyZ~mB©, ~m~mgm`~mÀ`m Zmdmda EH$Xm H$m Amåhr Kam^mBa nëS>mo åh§Or

naVm`bm H$mi ÝhmB© H$s dIwV AmVm Oodm`M§ Zmd H$mhmT>bg _ZyZ AmR>db§

AmO å`m ^r_ZJamVM OodUma hm`'' 30

S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Mo C[Ôï> "X{bV g_mO àJVr' ho Amho. Ë`m Üò`nyVugmR>r H$mH$m§Zr

390

Amnbo g§nyU© Am`wî` doMbo Amho. H$mH$m àñWm{nVm§À`m AË`mMmar ì`dñWobm H$S>mSy>Z

{damoY H$aVmZm X{bVm§Zm gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` {_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZerb AmhoV. Xwgè`m

{nT>rVrb àm. gVre hm H$mH$m§Mm _wbJm. Ë`m§Zm g_mOm_Üò d¡Mm[aH$ n[adV©Z AmUm`Mo

Amho. Ë`m§Mmhr g§Kf© A_mZwfVo{déÕ Amho. Va {Vgè`m {nT>rVrb X{bV H$m`©H$Vm© "AOw©Z'

hm àm. gVreMm {dÚmWu. hm àM§S> AmH«$_H$ {dÐmohr ñdénmMm Amho. AË`mMmam{déÕ

Ë`mMm gmVË`mZo g§Kf© gwé Amho. àg§Jr Vmo qhgoMm _mJ©hr Adb§~Vmo. _mÌ Ë`mMr H¥$Vrhr

A_mZdVobm, {nidUwH$sbm {damoY H$aUmar Amho. AWm©VM X{bV Midir_Üò H$m`©aV

AgUmè`m Cnamo�V VrZhr {nT>çm "_mZdVogmR>r' H$m`©aV AmhoV.

am_ZmW MìhmU m§À`m "~m_UdmS>m' m ZmQ>H$mVyZ "_mZdVmdmXmMm' àË`` AJXr

gwédmVrbmM An©Un{ÌHo$VyZ òVmo. am_ZmW MìhmU An©Un{ÌHo$V åhUVmV,

""_mUyg åhUyZ OJy BpÀN>Umè`m

_mUgmbm

Z¡{VH$ ~i XoÊ`mgmR>r'' 31

darb An©Un{ÌHo$VyZ ZmQ>H$H$ma X{bV gm{hË` {Z{_©VrMm hoVy {deX H$aVmo.

"_mUgmbm _mUgmgmaIo OJVm `mdo'. `m AnojoZo ào[aV Pmboë`m§Zm Vo àñVwV ZmQ>H$

An©U H$aVmV. OmVr`Vo_wio _mUgmÀ`m dmQ>çmbm òUmar {dXmaH$ A_mZwfVm "am_ZmW

MìhmU' àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ H$WZ H$aVmV. VgoM S>m°. ~m~mgmho~, _. \w$bo `m§À`m {dMmam§Zr

ào[aV Pmbobr X{bVm§Mr {nT>r dJ©{dahrV, OmVr{dahrV g_mOaMZogmR>r H$m`©aV Agë`mMo

gy{MV H$aVmV.

àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ N>idmX H$aUmè`m ~«m÷Ur g§ñH¥$Vrbm H$S>mSy>Z {damoY H$aUmao

VmË`m òVmV. Ë`m§Mm {dÐmoh {dYm`H$ g_mO-n[adV©ZmgmR>r Amho. OmVr-OmVr_Yrb

Xar g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§À`m~amo~a X{bV Midir_Üò PmoHy$Z XoUmam "AemoH$' òVmo. `m

391

XmoKm§Mrhr y{_H$m A_mZwfVobm, Aì`dmh`©Vobm {damoY H$aUmar Amho. OmVrì`dñWm, H$_©R>

éT>r na§nam g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r XmoKohr H$m`©aV AmhoV. àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ gmR>o Am{U Ë`m§Mo

Hw$Qw>§~ OmVr`VoMo MQ>Ho$ ghZ H$aV AgVo. gmR>|À`m AmB©bm JUnVrÀ`m _§{XamOdi ~gbr

åhUyZ XJS> _maUo. hr {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vm Agë`mMo ZmQ>H$H$ma gm§JVmo. hr _ZydmXr ì`dñWm

g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r g§K{Q>VnUo H$m`©aV amhÊ`mMo AmdmhZ ZmQ>H$H$ma H$aVmo. ZmQ>H$mÀ`m eodQ>r

gmR>|À`m d¥Õ AmB©Mo {ZYZ hmoVo. Voìhm ~wagQ>boë`m {dMmam§Mr _mUgo _XVrbm òUmaM

ZmhrV ho OmUyZ eer gmR>|bm åhUVo,

""eer �- Hw$UmMr dmQ> nmhVm` Vwåhr ?.... Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s Hw$Urhr naV oUma ZmhrV. BW§, ho

àoV Vwåhmbm AZ² _bmM CMbmd§ bmJob... OmVr O_mVrÀ`m H$m|S>dmS>çmV ñdV�bm

H$m|Sy>Z KoVbobr _mUgmÀ`m énmVbr OZmda§ AmhoV Vr gmar... Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z

H$gbr Anojm H$aVm ? Vwåhmbm Hw$Ur Amnb§ åhUmd§, åhUyZ ñdrH$mad§, Aer

Anojm Var H$m H$aVm ? `m XoemV Ogo OZmdam§Mo H$in H$m|S>dmS>çmV nmogbo

OmVmV... Vgo _mUgmÀ`m OmVrMo dmS>ohr nmogbo OmVmV... BWo àË oH$mM§ ApñVËd

OÝ_mZ§ Am{U H$_m©Z§ doJi§ Amho. BWbm EH$ dmS>m Xwgè`m dmS>çmbm H$YrM Amnb§

åhUV Zmhr. _J ñdrH$maU§ Va Xya§M... H$Xm{MV Vw_À`mM H$m` nU _mÂ`m

àoVmbmgwÕm Im§Xm Úm`bm dmS>çmVbr _mUg§ oVrbM Ag§ Zmhr... Vr Vwåhmbm

_bm {Z_m©U H$am`MrV... OmVr O_mVrMo H$m|S>dS>o VmoSy>Z \$moSy>Z CX²ÜdñV

H$am`VoV... OmVr-O_mVtÀ`m `m dmS>çmV _r hr EH$ X{bV Amho. _mPr Vwåhmbm

{dZ§Vr Amho. H¥$n`m _mÂ`mH$S>o ~«m÷UH$Ý`m åhUyZ nmhÿ ZH$m... EH$ _mUyg ZmdmMr

ór, Vw_Mr nËZr åhUyZ nmhm. {H$_mZ AmnU XmoK§ Var EH$_oH$m§Zm _mUyg åhUyZ

ñdrH$mé Am{U AmnUM Amnbm Zdm g_mO {Z_m©U H$é... {OWo OmVr-

nmoQ>OmVrÀ`m q^Vr Zgbobo _mUgm§Mo dmS>o AgVrb. Am{U Ë`mV amhVrb \$�V

392

_mUyg ZmdmÀ`m {ó`m Am{U nwéf ZmdmMr _mUgo�&'' 32

darb {ddoMZmdéZ {dXmaH$ g_mO-dmñVdVm gm§JÊ`m~amo~a, dJ©{dahrV,

OmVr{dahrV Zdg_mO {Z{_©VrMr ñdßZo nmhUmar Zm{`H$m "_mUgmbm _mUyg åhUUmam

g_mO' {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`mnmgyZ gwédmV H$é BpÀN>Vo. "_mUwgH$sMo' _hZr`

_yë` OnUmar _mUgm§Mr OmV {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMo ñdßZ `m ZmQ>H$mVrb Zm{`H$m nmhVo.

{VMr hr y{_H$m A_mZdVobm g§n{dUmar Am{U _mZdVobm à{Vð>m {_idyZ XoUmar Amho.

àH$me {Ì wdZ `m§À`m "Wm§~m am_amÁ` òV§`' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ "_mZdVoÀ`m _yë`

à{Vð>mnZogmR>r' X{bV Zm`H$ à`ËZerb Agë`mMo {MÌU òVo. àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ JmdMm

AmV§H$s nmQ>rb Am{U n[adV©ZdmXr {dMmam§Zr ào[aV Pmbobm X{bV wdH$ AmZ§X m§À`mVrb

g§Kf© oVmo. ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va gaH$mar YmoaUmZwgma X{bVm§Zm gdbVr {Xë`m Joë`m Agë`mVar

Ë`m gdbVr X{bVmn`ªV nmohMy Úm`À`m ZmhrV. `mH$S>o àñWm{nVm§Mo bj Amho. {ejUmZo

"Apñ_Vm' OmJ¥V Pmbobm AmZ§X _mÌ àñWm{nVm§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vobm H$S>mSy>Z {damoY

H$aVmo. JmdMm nmQ>rb AmZ§Xbm gan§MnX XoÊ`mMo H$~yb H$aVmo. Voìhm AmZ§Xbm Ë`mMm

g§e` òVmo. _mÌ `m nXmMmhr Cn`moJ g_mOgodogmR>r H$aÊ`mMo Vmo R>adVmo. Ë`mMm {dH¥$V

ì`dñWo{déÕ g§Kf© gwéM amhVmo. nmQ>rb Amnë`m ghH$mè`m§_m\©$V AmZ§XmÀ`m YmH$Q>çm

^mdmMo AnhaU H$éZ AmZ§Xmbm "nmobrg-nmQ>rb' nXmgmR>r Ho$bobm AO© _mJo ¿`m`bm

bmdVmo. Ë`mMm {_Ì nmQ>bmer CKS> d¡ao Kody ZH$mog Ago åhUVmo. Voìhm AmZ§XZo {Xbobr

à{V{H«$`m Ë`mÀ`m ì`mnH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmMr à{MVr XoVo, Vmo åhUVmo,

""AmZ§X �- _mPm Hw$Urhr eÌy Zmhr, Hw$R>ë`mhr ì`{�Ver _mP§ d¡a Zmhr. d¡a Amho Vo

Ë`m§À`m àd¥Îmrer AZ² Vr ~XbU§ e�` Amho.'' 33

Zm`H$mÀ`m Cnamo�V {ddoMZmdéZ Ë`mbm g_mOm_Üò {dYm`H$ n[adV©Z KS>dyZ

AmUm`Mo Amho. dJ© {dahrV g_mO ì`dñWm ApñVËdmV AmUm`Mr Amho Ago ZmQ>H$H$ma

393

gy{MV H$aVmo. S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Mr ñdßZnyVu H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m ©aV amhUo. ho Amnbo OrdZÜò

Agë`mMo _mZUmam hm Zm`H$ Amho. `mVyZM gd©M g_mOmMo {hV ~KÊ`mMo H$m_ "gan§M'

nXmda AgUmam AmZ§X H$aVmo. nU na§naoZo ~wagQ>bobo bmoH$ Ë`mÀ`m H$m_m_Üò AS>Wim

AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmV. _mÌ A{Ib _mZd g_mOmÀ`m H$ë`mUmgmR>r H$m`©aV amhÊ`mMm

{ZíM` AmZ§X H$aVmo. Ë`mMr hr ^y{_H$m g_mO n[adV©ZmgmR>r, _mZdVogmR>r,

`wJn[adV©ZmgmR>r _hÎdnyU© Amho.

EH§$XarZo _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ à{VV hmoUmam "_mZdVmdmX' darbà_mUo

Amho. `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ òUmè`m Zm`H$m§Zr AË`mMmar, A_mZwf {dH¥$V ì`dñWobm g§n{dÊ`mMm

{ZíM` H$aVmZmM _mZdVoMr _yëò àñWm{nV H$aÊ`mMo Üò` ~miJbo Amho. `mgmR>r X{bV

MidirÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ X{bV Zm`H$, {dÐmohr y{_H$m KoVmV. C�dUu`m§À`m emofUmbm,

{nidUwH$sbm ZmH$maVmZm "_mUgmbm _mUgmgmaIo OJVm `mdo' `mgmR>r X{bVm§Mr Zdr

{nT>r S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§À`m àoaUoVyZ H$m`©aV Agë`mMo _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ gm§JVo.

AWm©VM X{bV gm{hË`mÀ`m H|$ÐdVu AgUmè`m "_mZdVoÀ`m à{Vð>mnZogmR>r' _amR>rVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$ à`ËZerb Amho. hoM Ë`mMo A§{V_ Üò` Amho.

EH§$XarZo _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mÀ`m dmQ>MmbrdéZ Ë`mVyZ à{VV hmoUmao

àm{V{Z{YH$ {ZîH$f© nwT>rbà_mUo-

1) _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo X{bV OrdZ Om{Udm, X{bVm§Mr OrdZ {dXmaH$Vm H$WZ

H$aVmZmM n[adV©ZdmXr Ñ[ï>H$moZ R>odbm Amho.

2) àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ àñWm{nVm§Mr {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vm, X{bVm§da Xmñ`Ëd, Jwbm_{Jar

bmXÊ`mMm à`ËZ, dM©ñddmXr _mZ{gH$VoVyZ X{bVm§da ZaH$_` `mVZm ghZ H$aÊ`mMr

Ambobr doi m§Mo {MÌU oVo.

3) _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ ~§Y_w�VVoMm {dMma H$aVo. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`mZo AmH«$_H$ {dÐmohr

394

y{_H$m KoVbobr Amho. Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m X{bVm§À`m àJVrgmR>r Amho.

4) X{bVm§Mm g§Kf© A_mZwfVo{déÕ Amho. Ë`m§Mm hm g§Kf© C�dUu`m§Mr {dH¥$V ì`dñWm

ZmH$maVmZm, _mZdVoMr _yëò àñWm{nV H$aÊ`mMo Üò` ~miJVmo.

5) `wJn[adV©ZmMr, Zd OrdZ_yë`mMr, à{Vð>mnZm H$aÊ`mMo gm_Ï`© _amR>rVrb X{bV

ZmQ>H$m_Üò Amho.

6) "_mZì`VoMo' _hmZ _yë` bm^boë`m _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo a§J y_rbm OmñV gj_

Ho$bo Amho.

EH§$XarZo _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo _amR>rVrb X{bV gm{hË` àdmhm_Ü o _hÎdnyU©

Am{U _mobmMr â KmVbr Amho. VgoM X{bV Midirbm gj_ H$aÊ`m_Üò `moJXmZ {Xbo

Amho. `m ZmQ>H$mZo ~§Y_w�V _mUgmMm {dMma Ho$bm Amho. X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ X{bVm§Mr

OrdZ {dXmaH$Vm òVo. Ë`m~amo~a hr `mVZm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r X{bVm§Zr C^maboë`m

_w�VrbT>çmMo {MÌU òVo. OrdZ_yë`, gm_m{OH$ _yë` _m§S>VmZm _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$

àm_w»`mZo _mZdr _yë`m§Mm {dMma H$aVo. m ZmQ>H$m§Zr S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Mo H«$m§{VH$mar VÎdkmZ

Kam§Kam§_Üò nmohmoMdbo Amho. "_mZdVogmR>r' _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ à`ËZerb Agë`mMo

{XgyZ òVo. VoM Ë`mMo A§{V_ Üò` Amho.

6.7. {h§XrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H �-

qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ jrU AdñWoV Amho. àñWm{nVm§À`m dM©ñddmXr

_mZ{gH$VoVyZ AmOhr qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Zm a§J_§Mmda oÊ`mnmgyZ amoIbo OmV Amho.

AmVm _mÌ qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Mohr gmXarH$aU hmoVmZm {XgVo. `m_Üò _mohZXmg

Z¡{_eam` `m§Mo "hobmo H$m_aoS>", ñdXoe XrnH$ `m§Mo "H$moQ>© _me©b" `m§Mo gmXarH$aU Pmbobo

Amho. qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ gj_VoZo òÊ`mgmR>r AmUIr H$mhr H$mbmdYr Omdm bmJob.

H$maU maVmVrb qhXr m{fH$ joÌmVrb boIH$mbm Amnbo {dMma {ZûS>nUo _m§S>Ê`mgmR>r

395

_hmamï>mà_mUo _§M CnbãY Pmbobm Zmhr. VgoM qhXr m{fH$ joÌ {dñV¥V Agë`m_wio Ë`m

joÌmVrb X{bV boIZ nyU©nUo àH$memV Ambobo Zmhr. EH$ _mÌ {ZpíMV H$s,qhXrVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo X{bV OrdZmMr {dXmaH$Vm, X{bV _ZmMr Anojm, {dYm`H$ n[adV©ZdmXr

Ñ{ï>H$moZ _m§S>Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho. X{bV Midirbm gj_ ~Z{dÊ`m_Üò `moJXmZ

{Xbo Amho. qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZhr "doXZm", "{dÐmoh", "ZH$ma", "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s",

"_mZdVmdmX" hr _yëò òVmV. `m _yë`m§Mm AmT>mdm nwT>rbà_mUo�-

6.8. doXZm �-

àñWm{nV ì`dñWoZo bmXbobr Xmñ`Vm, Jwbm_{Jar, X{bVm§À`m doXZm_`r OrdZmbm

H$maUr yV R>abobr Amho. qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ X{bVm§À`m mVZm_`VoMo Xe©Z hmoVo. hr

"`mVZm" C�dUu`m§À`m {dH¥$VVo_wio X{bVm§À`m dmQ>çmbm Ambobr Amho. n[aUm_V� X{bVm§Zm

ZaH$_`, CnojoMo, hrZËdmMo OrUo OJmdo bmJbo. mMo Xe©Z qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ hmoVo.

_mohZXmg Z¡{_eam` m§À`m "hobmo H$m_aoS>" m ZmQ>H$mVyZ X{bVm§À`m "`mVZm_`VoMo"

Xe©Z hmoVo. àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ _m�g©dmXr {dMmam§Mr àñWm{nV _mZ{gH$Vm X{bV

g_mOmVrb ZoV¥Ëd nwT>o Om`bm bmJbo H$s, {dH¥$VVoVyZ `m ZoV¥Ëdmbm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r {H$Vr

ImbÀ`m Wambm Omdy eH$Vo `mMo {MÌU òVo. _m�g©dmXr {dMmagaUrÀ`m ZoË`m§À`m

_mZ{gH$Voda àH$me Q>mH$VmZm Ë`m§Mr OZ_mUgmV AgUmar ^mdZm ZmQ>H$H$mamZo {M{ÌV

Ho$br Amho. ZoVmOr ^mfU XoÊ`mgmR>r òUma AmhoV. Ago g_Oë`mda AÝ`m` Pmë`mZo

doS>m Pmbobm adr nwT>rbà_mUo à{V{H«$`m XoVmo-

"" a{d �- hm....hm.... ZoVmOr AmE|Jo Am¡a Jar~m| Ho$ A±mgy nm|N>|Jo�& gwZmo mB©`m| Vw_ r AmZm

AnZr-AnZr A±mIm| _| A±mgy boH$a (WyH$Vm h¡)�&"" 34

åhUOoM àñWm{nVm§À`m XheVr_wio ~m`H$moda ~bmËH$ma Pmë`mMr VH«$mahr nmobrg

ñQ>oeZ_Üò Zm|XdyZ KoVbr OmV Zmhr. åhUyZM AÝ`m` Pmboë`m adrMr à{V{H«$`m mà_mUo

396

òVo. hm adr Cno{jVm§Mm, Jar~m§Mm à{V{ZYr Amho. gÎmm, n¡gm Am{U VmH$X m§À`m Omoamda

Cno{jVm§da, gd©gm_mÝ`m§da AË`mMma H$gm Ho$bm OmV Amho. `mMo CXmhaU adrMr hr

KQ>Zm Amho. adrda Pmbobm AÝ`m` nmhÿZ "har`m"Zo {Xbobr n«{V{H«$`m {dXmaH$

g_mOdmñVdVoMo Xe©Z KS>{dVo. Vmo åhUVmo-

"" h[a`m �- A§Yoa ZJar Mm¡nQ> amOm�& Am¡a {\$a Jar~ bmoJm| na Vmo Owby_ Am¡a

AË`mMma gXm go hmoVo Am o h¡�& {H$g H$mo n�S>r h¡ A~ bm O±mM nS>Vmb H$aZo H$s ?"" 35

h[a`mMr hr à{V{H«$`m gm_mÝ`m§da hmoUmam AÝ`m` Xe©{dVo. adrÀ`m ~m`H$moda

~bmËH$ma H$aUmao C�dUu` AmhoV. ho g_Oë`mda "{H$gZm"Zo h[a`mer ~moobVmZm {Xbobr

à{V{H«$`m C�dUu`m§Mr {dH¥$VVm Xe©{dVo. Vmo åhUVmo-

""{H$gZm �- �`m D±$Mr OmV Ho$�& (WyH$Vo hwE) Wy, E¡gr D±$Mr OmVdmbm| na�& H$m_ Vmo ggwa

H$ao ZrM go ZrM�& Am¡a H$hmd¡ AnZo Amn H$mo D±$Mr OmV Ho$�&""36

{H$gZmÀ`m Cnamoº$ {dYmZmdê$Z àñWm{nVm§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoVyZ Cno{jVm§da

gmVË`mZo AË`mMma hmoV AmhoV Ago gy{MV hmoVo. n[aUm_V� Ë`m§Zm ZaH$_` `mVZm ghZ

H$amì`m bmJV AmhoV. "adrÀ`m ~m`H$moda Pmbobm ~bmËH$ma" hr KQ>Zm g_mOmVrb Xw~©b

Hw$Qw>§~mMr Amho. _mohZXmg Z¡{_eam` mZ§Va _m�g©dmXr njmMr amO{ZVr Am{U Ë`m AZwf§JmZo

MmbUmam H$ma^ma `mdaVr àH$me Q>mH$VmV. `mMr gwê$dmV "e§H$a e_m©" `m _m�g©dmXr

ZoË`mÀ`m ^mfUmZo hmoVo. Vmo AÞ, dó, {Zdmam Am{U ñdm{^_mZmZo OJÊ`mgmR>r Vwåhr

Am_À`m~amo~a `mdo, Ago AmdmhZ OZVobm H$aVmo. nU ^mfU XoÊ`m_Üò Am{U àË`j

H¥$Vr_Ü o A§Va Agë`mMo OZVobm H$iyZ MwH$bo Amho. åhUyZM m g obm CnpñWV AgUmam

{H$gZm {dXmaH$ dmñVdVoda àH$me Q>mH$Umar à{V{H«$`m XoVmZm åhUVmo-

"" {H$gZm �- ~g-~g amO Mmho {H$gr H$m ^r Am Omd¡�& Jar~ na Owë_ hmoVo hr ahdo§Jo�&

Am¡a ^B©`m {\$a amO H$aZodmbo Jar~ hmo Vmo Hw$N> nVm ^r Mbo�& Aao H$moR>r-

397

~§Jbmo _| ahd| h¡�& _moQ>a-H$ma _| Amd¡ Omdµ¡ h¡�& BZ ggwam| H$mo �`m nVm Jar~

H¡$go qOXm ahdo h¡, Am¡a H¡$go _ao h¡�&""37

{H$gmZmMr hr à{V{H«$`m Jar~mda, Cno{jVm§da hrZËdmZo OJÊ`mMr Ambobr doi

gÎmmYmè`m§Mr CXm{gZVm Agë`mMo gm§JVo. hr doXZm KodyZ Cno{jV dJ© OJV Amho.

"hobmo H$m_aoS>" m ZmQ>H$mMo H|$ÐdVu nmÌ Agboë`m "{d_bm"Mr BÀN>m amOH$maUmÀ`m

_mÜ`_mVyZ g_mOgodm H$aÊ`mMr Amho. {VÀ`m dS>rbm§Zrhr AmXe©dmXr {gÜXm§Vmda R>m_

amhV drg df} amOH$maUmV Kmbdbobr AmhoV. _mÌ Ë`m§Mr «ï> AZr{V_mZ amOH$maÊ`m§H$Sy>Z

\$gdUyH$ hmoVo. eodQ>r hrambmb amOH$maUmbm H§$Q>miyZ gmoSy>Z XoVmV. {d_bm _mÌ gm_mÝ`m§gmR>r

amOH$maUmV òVo. Vr àm_m{UH$nUo "nj" ~m§YUrgmR>r à`ËZerb AgVo. {VÀ`m

àm_m{UH$nUm_wio "njmZo" "H$m¢{gb" _Ü o gXñ` H$ê$Z KoVbo Amho. ho C�dUu`m§Zm A_mÝ`

hmoVo. "X{bV" Agë`mZo {Vbm _moR>çm nXmda KoÊ`mV Ambo. Agm Amamon {VÀ`mda Ho$bm

OmVmo. ho {VÀ`m mdmbm AO`bm g_OVo. Voìhm Ë`mZo dS>rbm§er ~mobVmZm {Xbobr à{V{H«$`m

àñµWm{nVm§Zr bmXboë`m `wJmZw`wJmÀ`m Jwbm_{JarMr OmUrd H$ê$Z XoVo. Vmo åhUVmo,

""AO` �- dh AnZr nhMmZ yb J`r, AnZr Om{V yb J`r�& dh `h ^r yb J`r H$s

CgHo$ ~mn-XmXm H$^r Jwbm_r {H$`m H$aVo Wo�&""38

AO`Mr hr à{V{H«$`m C�dUu`m§À`m {dH¥$VVoMo Xe©Z KS>{dVo. {d_bmMo njmVrb

dmT>Vo _hÎd AaqdXbm ghZ hmoV Zmhr. åhUyZM Vmo {VMm gVV OmVrdê$Z An_mZ H$aV

AgVmo. BWë`m g_mOì`dñWoda, OmVr`Voda mî` H$aVmZm hrambmb AO`bm åhUVmV-

"" hrambmb �- ~oQ>o qhXyñWmZ H$s ~mV hr AOr~moJar~ h¡�& `hm± bmoJ gm§n-{~�r H$mo XyY

{nbm`|Jo, ~ÝXa H$s nyOm H$a|Jo�& Jm` H$mo _mVm H$h|Jo�& Am¡a Z OmZo {H$g-

{H$g OmZda go AnZo [aíV| H$m`_ H$a|Jo�& bo{H$Z EH$ X{bV H$s N>m`m

AmO ^r BÝh| A{à` h¡�&""39

398

Cnamoº$ {ddoMZmVyZ àñWm{nV Y_© ì`dñµWoZo, Om{Vì`dñWZo X{bVm§da bmXboë`m

AdhobZoMo, Cno{jVVoMo Xe©Z hmoVo. `m Cno{jVVo_wio X{bVm§Zm Jmdm~mhoa Omdo bmJbo.

Xm[aÐ`mMo, `mVZoMo, hrZËdmMo OrUo OJmdo bmJbo. n[aUm_V� Ë`m§À`m dmQ>çmbm ZaH$_`

`mVZm Amë`m AmhoV. àñWm{nVm§Mr {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vm OJV Agboë`m AaqdXbm "{d_bm"Mo

dM©ñd ghZ hmoV Zmhr. _hËdmMr {_Q>tJ Amho, Ago ImoQ>o gm§JyZ Vmo {d_bmbm nj H$m`m©b`mV

~mobmdyZ KodyZ {VÀ`mda ~bmËH$ma H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo. Voìhm {d_bm åhUVo-

""{d_bm �- Aa{dÝX, Vw_ O¡go bmoJm| H$s _Xm©ZJr `hr h¡�& Zmar na Owë_ H$aZm CgH$s

B�mV go IobZm�&"" 40

{d_bm Ë`mbm amoIÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVo. na§Vw nwê$fr dmgZonwT>o Vr Agmø hmoVo.

AaqdX {VÀ`mda ~bmËH$ma H$aVmo. {d_bmÀ`m dS>rbm§Zm hrambmb m§Zm hr KQ>Zm g_OVo.

Voìhm Vo åhUVmV-

""hrambmb �- h±m ~oQ>r _¡ hr Vwåhmam ~XZgr~ {nVm h±ÿ, Omo `h I~a gwZ ahm h±ÿ�& ~oQ>r _¢Zo

g~ Hw$N> gwZ {b`m h¡....�& Vwåhmao gmW Omo Hw$N> r hþAm�& dh h_mam hr Zhr

Bg Xoe Am¡a g_mO H$m ^r Xw^m©½` h¡�&"" 41

hrambmb `m§Mr hr à{V{H«$`m X{bVm§da gmVË`mZo hmoUmè`m AË`mMmamMr à{MVr

XoVo. X{bVm§Zm Xw~©b, Agmø H$aÊ`mMo Hw$Q>rb H$mañWmZ C�dUu`m§Zr Ho$bo. Am{U Ë`m§À`m

AgmøVoMm \$m`Xm KodyZ Ë`m§Mm gmVË`mZo AZpÝdV N>i Ho$bm Amho.

ñdXoe XrnH$ `m§Zr "H$moQ>© _me©b" `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ X{bVm§À`m OrdZì`Wm {M{ÌV

Ho$ë`m AmhoV. àñWm{nVm§Zr X{bVm§Mm gmVË`mZo An_mZ Ho$bm Amho. hr n[apñWVr X{bVm§Zm

doXZm XoUmar Amho. ^maVr` goZo_Üò "JmS>©"åhUyZ H$m`©aV AgUmè`m am_M§Xabm Ë`mÀ`m

A{YH$mè`m§Zr gVV OmVr{df`H$ An_mZñnX eãX dmnê$Z Cno{jVVoMr, AdhobZoMr

dmJUyH$ {Xbr Amho. `m§Mo àË`§Va àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òVo.

399

ñdXoe XrnH$ `m§Zr "H$moQ© _me©b"À`m ê$nmZo ^maVr` goZoMr Ý`m` ì`dñWoMr

H$m`©nÜXVr àojH$m§g_moa R>odbr Amho. ^maVr` goZo_Üò AgUmè`m C�nXñWmMr {dH¥$V

_mZ{gH$Vm ZmQ>H$H$ma {M{ÌV H$aVmo. ZmQ>H$mÀ`m gwê$dmVrbm X{bV wdH$ am_M§Xa IwZmÀ`m

AmamonmImbr qnOè`m_Üò C^m Amho. am_M§XaZo JwÝhm H$~yb Ho$ë`mZo gaH$mar dH$sb

_oOa nwar Ë`mbm \$merMr {ejm XoÊ`mV `mdr Agm `wº$sdmX H$aVmV. _mÌ am_M§XMr ~mOy

_m§S>Umao dH$sb {~H$me am` _mÌ `m Ho$g_Üò H°$ßQ>Z d_m© Am{U H°$ßQ>Z H$nyaZo am_M§Xabm

gmVË`mZo X{bV AgÊ`mdéZ {eì`m {Xë`m Agë`mMo, An_mZmñnX dmJUyH$ {Xbr

Agë`mMo gË` CKS> Ho$bo Amho. åhUyZM ñdm{^_mZ OmJ¥V Pmboë`m am_M§XaZo Ë`m XmoKm§da

Jmoù`m Mmbdë`m AmhoV. am_M§XaÀ`m H¥$Vr_mJrb H$maU emoYÊ`mMo H$m_ H°$ßQ>Z {~H$me

am`Zo Ho$bo Amho. am_M§Xa niÊ`mÀ`m e`©Vr_Üò H°$. H$nyabm hadVmo. hr KQ>Zm ñdV�bm

C�dUu` _mZUmè`m H°$. H$nyabm An_mZmñnX dmQ>Vo. åhUyZ gmVË`mZo Vmo am_M§Xabm

An_mZmñnX dmJUyH$ XoVmo. hrZËdmÀ`m mdZoZo Ë`mÀ`mer dV©Z H$aVmo. mg§X^m©V H$moQ>m©_Ü o

gË` CKS>H$sg AmUVmZm {~H$me am` åhUVmo,

""{~H$me am` �- ""... Cg {XZ H°$ßQ>Z H$nya Zo am_M§Xa H$mo gm¡ ~ma g¡ë`yQ> H$aZo H$s gOm

Xr Wr�&'' 42�

åhUOoM am_M§Xabm An_m{ZV H$aÊ`mÀ`m hoVyZo H°$. H$nya Ago H¥$Ë` H$aV hmoVm.

YmdÊ`mÀ`m e`©VrV haë`mnmgyZ H°$. H$nya gmVË`mZo am_M§XaÀ`m YmdÊ`mÀ`m gamdm_Üò

AS>Wio AmUVmo. OmVrdéZ gVV Ë`mMm An_mZ H$aVmo. mg§X^m©V gmj XoVmZm "~bdmZ

qgh' Zo gm§{JVbo Amho.

""~bdmZ qgh �- ga ! am_M§Xa Zo ~Vm`m {H$ H¡$ßQ>Z gmh~ Cgo Jmbr XoVo Wo�& Myh�S>m Am¡a

§Jr H$hH$a nwH$maVo Wo g~Ho$ gm_Zo�& Cgo XmoñV H¡$ßQ>Z d_m© ^r Cgo

"Amoò Myh�S>o Xo nwÎma' nwH$maVo Wo�&'' 43

400

åhUOoM H°$. H$nyaÀ`m hrZËd ^mdZoZo am_M§Xa gVV XwImdbm OmV hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`m

ñdm{^_mZr _Zmbm AmË`§{VH$ doXZm hmoV hmoË`m. H°$. H$nyaÀ`m {dH¥$V _ZmMo Xe©Z ~bdmZ

qgh `m§À`m gm§JÊ`mdéZ {XgyZ òVo.

""~bdmZ qgh �- ... H¡$ßQ>Z H$nya Zo g~ _oh_mZm| Ho$ gm_Zo Cgo H$hm - OmV H$m Myh�S>m

Am¡a Q>Å>r CR>mZo _| e_© AmVr h¡�& Vwåhmao nwaIo nwíVm| go h_ bmoJm| H$s

Q>Å>r H$s Q>moH$ar {ga na CR>m aho h¢�&'' 44

~bdmZ qghZo H°$. H$nyaÀ`m dmJUyH$sg§X^m©V {Xbobr Cnamo�V _m{hVr H°$. H$nyaÀ`m

{dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoMo Xe©Z KS>dVo. gmVË`mZo X{bVm§da AÝ`m`, AË`mMma m dJm©Zo bmXbo

AmhoV. n[aUm_V� X{bVm§Zm ZaH$_` mVZm ghZ H$amì`m bmJë`m AmhoV. mMo àË``§Va

àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ hmoVo.

EH§$XarZo qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ Amboë`m doXoZoMo ñdén darbà_mUo Amho.

C�dUu`m§Zr {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoVyZ X{bVm§da gmVË`mZo AË`mMma Ho$bo AmhoV. Ë`m§À`mda

Xmñ`Ëd, Jwbm_{Jar bmXbr Amhoo. g_mO àJVrnmgyZ Ë`m§Zm amoIbo Amho. `mMm n[aUm_

Cno{jVm§Zm hOmamo df} ZaH$_` mVZm ghZ H$amì`m bmJë`m AmhoV. m doXZoMo àË``H$mar

Xe©Z qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òVo.

6.9. {dÐmoh �-

qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ AmH«$_H$ {dÐmoh oVmo. {ejUm_wio Am{U S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§À`m

àoaUo_wio Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V Pmboë`m X{bV {nT>rZo C�dUu`m§Mr AmV§H$s g_mOì`dñWm PwJméZ

bmdbr Amho. Ë`m§Mr hr H¥$Vr X{bVm§Mr hmoUmar {nidUyH$, Ë`m§À`mda bmXbobr Xmñ`Vm

g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r Amho. àñWm{nVm§Mr A_mZwfVm, A_mZdVm, g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r Am{U X{bVm§Zm

gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` {_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r X{bV {nT>rZo AË`§V AmH«$_H$ y{_H$m KoVbr Amho.

Ë`m§Mm hm {dÐmoh _mUwgH$sgmR>r Amho. `mMo àË``§Va qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òVo.

401

_mohZXmg Z¡{_eam` `m§À`m "hobmo H$m_aoS>' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ X{bV g_mO AmH«$_H$

{dÐmohr y{_H$m KoV Agë`mMo OmUdVo. e§H$a e_m© hm _m�g©dmXr ZoVm Amnë`m mfUm_Üò

H$m_Jmam§Zm, Cno{jVm§Zm Ý`m` XoÊ`mMr mfm H$aVmo. _mÌ Ë`mMo ho ~mobUo {ZdSy>Z oÊ`mnwaVo

Agë`mMo gm_mÝ`m§Zm g_Obo Amho. g o_Üò CnpñWV AgUmam "{H$gZm' åhUVmo,

""{H$gZm �- K~amAmo _V AmJo-AmJo do {XZ ^r Amd|Jo, O~ BZHo$ Jbo _| \y$bm| H$s _mbm

Ho$ ñWmZ na OyVm| H$s _mbm Pybm H$a|Jr�&'' 45

{H$ZmMr hr à{V{H«$`m H«$m§{VH$mar ~XbmgmR>r OZVm Adí` EH$ {Xdg gÁO hmoB©b.

Ago gy{MV H$aVo. àñWm{nVm§À`m Owby_mbm, AË`mMmambm OZVm H§$Q>mibobr Amho. åhUyZM

ZoË`mbm OZVm OmoS>çm§Mo hma KmVë`m{edm` amhUma Zmhr. hr {H$gZmMr à{V{H«$`m "{dÐmohmMo

àVrH$' Amho.

àñVwV ZmQ>H$mMo H|$ÐdVu nmÌ Agbobr {d_bm _m�g©dmXr {dMmaYmam _mZUmar

Amho. AOèr ~mobVmZm gm_m{OH$ àJVr, gm_m{OH$ n[adV©Z `mgmR>r AmUIr H$mhr

H$mbmdYr Omdo bmJob. Ago gm§JVo. Voìhm AO`Zo {Xbobr à{V{H«$`m Ë`mÀ`m {dÐmohr_ÎdmMr

AmoiI gm§JVo. Vmo åhUVmo,

""AO` �- Zhr {d_mbOr Ny>VmNy>V H$m oX {_Q> Zhr ahm h¡, ~pëH$ Am¡a A{YH$ ~ �T> ahm h¡,

Am¡a BZ g~go Q>H$amZo Ho$ {bò h_| Hw$N> H$aZm hr hmoJm�&'' 46

åhUOoM àñWm{nV Y_© ì`dñWoZo C^m Ho$bobr g_mOì`dñWm, OmVrì`dñWm

X{bVm§da Xmñ`Ëd, Jwbm_{Jar bmXUmar Amho. `mMo g_yi C�mQ>Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r S>m°.

~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Zr H«$m§{VH$mar bT>m C^m Ho$bm. `m _mJm©Zo Jobmo, VaM X{bVm§Zm

gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` {_iy eHo$b. Aer y{_H$m AO` KoVmo. maVr` g_mOì`dñWoZo X{bVm§Zm

ZaH$_` `mVZm {Xë`mMr I§V hrambmb AO`bm gm§JVmV. new EdT>rhr X{bVm§Zm qH$_V

Zgë`mMo gm§JVmV. Voìhm `m ì`dñWobm PwJméZ bmdÊ`mMr ^mfm H$aUmam AO` åhUVmo,

402

""AO` �- _wpíH$b hmo m AmgmZ, O~ VH$ b�S>Zo _aZo H$s h__o VmH$V Zht hmoJr V~ VH$

h_| `yht ~oBÁOVr ghZ H$aZr hmoJr�&''47

AO`Mo Cnamo�V {ddoMZ X{bVm§Zr g§K{Q>VnUo g§Kfm©g gÁO Pmbo nm{hOo. VaM

X{bVm§Zm gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` {_iy eHo$b Ago gy{MV H$aVo. S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Zr X{bVm§Zm

"{eH$m, g§K{Q>V ìhm, g§Kf© H$am' hm {Xbobm g§Xoe AmMaUmV AmUbm nm{hOo. `mgmR>r

X{bV {nT>rZo nwT>mH$ma ¿`mdm Aer Anojm ZmQ>H$H$ma ~miJVmo.

AO`Mr ~hrU {d_bm _m�g©dmXr njmMo H$m_ àm_m{UH$nUo H$aVo. Ë`m_wio loð>tZr

{Vbm njm_Üò _hÎdmMo nX {Xbo Amho. ho C�dUu` AgUmè`m AaqdXbm ghZ hmoV Zmhr.

`mVyZM Vmo {d_bmH$ma ~bmËH$ma H$aVmo. AO`bm hr KQ>Zm g_OVo. Voìhm Vmo H«$mo{YV

hmoVmo. `m àg§Jr Ë`mZo {Xbobr à{V{H«$`m Ë`mÀ`m "{dÐmohr_ÎdmMr' gmj XoVo, Vmo åhUVmo,

""AO` �- ^m�S> _| OmE Xoe Am¡a nmIÊS>r g_mO (H«$moY _|) Vw_ Xoe Am¡a g_mO H$m {hV

gmoMVo ahmo Am¡a Bg Xoe Am¡a g_mO _o R>oHo$Xma h_mar _m±-~hZm| H$s BÁOV

bwQ>Vo ah|�& (CXmg ^mg _o h±gVm h¡�&) dmh ao AmOmX ^maV Ho$ X{bV...�& Voar

H$s_V Xmo H$mo �S>r H$s ^r Zhr...�& Vy {Z~©b h¡ Zm...�& H$_Omoa�& (Omoa XoH$a)

bo{H$Z _¢ Vmo {Z~©b Zhr hÿ± Am¡a Z H$_Omoa...�& _¢ ha hmbV _¢ CgH$m IyZ H$é§Jm

{OgZo _oar ~hZ H$s BÁOV bwQ>r h¡�&'' 48

AO`Mr hr à{V{H«$`m AmVm Hw$R>ë`mhr àH$maMm AË`mMma ghZ Ho$bm OmUma Zmhr

Ago gy{MV H$aVo. Amnë`m ~{hUrda Pmboë`m ~bmËH$mamMm ~Xbm Vmo AaqdXMm IyZ

H$ê$Z KoVmo. AWm©VM Xmñ`Ëd, Jwbm_{Jar, AË`mMma PwJméZ bmdÊ`mgmR>r ñdV�bmM

g§Kfm©g gÁO Pmbo nm{hOo. Ago _mohZXmg Z¡{_eam` gyMdVmV.

ñdXoe XrnH$ `m§À`m "H$moQ>© _me©b' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ AmH«$_H$ {dÐmoh àË``mg òVmo.

^maVr` goZo_Ü o "JmS>©' åhUyZ H$m ©aV AgUmè`m am_M§Xabm Ë`mÀ`m d[að> A{YH$mè`m§H$Sy>Z

403

gVV AdhobZoMr dmJUyH$ {_iVo. ñdm{^_mZr am_M§XaÀ`m _ZmV gVVÀ`m hrZËdmÀ`m

dmJUyH$s_yio {dÐmoh OmJ¥V hmoVmo. `mVyZM gmVË`mZo An_mZ H$aUmè`m H°$. d_m© Am{U H°$.

H$nya `m§À`m Jmoir~ma H$aVmo. eodQ>r Ë`mZo ñdm{^_mZmZo _aU ñdrH$mabo. na§Vw gmVË`mZo

hmoUmar AdhobZm ghZ Ho$br Zmhr Ë`mMm "{dÐmoh' hmM `m ZmQ>H$mMo àmUVÎd Amho.

àñVyV ZmQ>H$mVyZ am_M§Xada H°$. H$nya gVV _mZ{gH$ X~md Q>mH$Ê`mMm à`ËZ

H$am`Mm. Ë`mMm gVV OmVrdéZ An_mZ H$am`Mm. åhUyZM am_M§XaaZo H°$. H$nyaÀ`m

H¥$Vrbm Ho$boë`m {damoYmMr H$maU_r_m§gm gm§JVmZm ~bdmZ qgh åhUVmo,

""~bdmZ qgh �- ga, "Amn Vmo OmZVo h¡, am_M§Xa N>moQ>r OmVr H$m h¡�& H°$. H$nya Cgo Amoò

h[aOZ H$hH$a nwH$maVo Wo�& am_M§XaZo _wPo S>çwQ>r ~XbZo Ho$ {bò H$hm�&

Zhr Vmo CgZo gr. Amo. gmh~ Ho$ Xa~ma _| {eH$m`V H$aZo H$m n¸$m BamXm

H$a {b`m Wm�&'' 49

~bdmZ qgh `m§Mo Cnamo�V {dYmZ am_M§Xa da hmoUmam AË`mMma gy{MV H$aVo.

VgoM gVVÀ`m AdhobZobm H§$Q>miyZ `mMm {damoY H$aÊ`mgmR>r am_M§Xa gÁO Pmbm

Agë`mMo ~bdmZ qgh gm§JVmV. Ë`mMr "{dÐmohr' y{_H$m AmVm AÝ`m` ghZ Ho$bm OmUma

Zmhr Ago gy{MV H$aVo. `mVyZM Aghmæ` Pmë`mZo am_M§XaZo H°$. H$nya Am{U H°$. d_m©

`m§À`mda Jmoù`m PmS>ë`m AmhoV. Ë`mÀ`mda ^maVr` goZm H$madmB© H$aVo. Ë`mdoiog

am_M§XaMm dH$sb {~H$me am` Zo gm§{JVbobo {dXmaH$ "dmñVd' X{bVm§Zm {dÐmohr y{_H$m

KoÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>V Agë`mMo gy{MV H$aVo, Vmo åhUVmo,

""{~H$me am` �- ....O~ N>moQ>o N>moQ>o {damoY bJmVma X~m {Xò Omò, AZgyZo AZXoIo H$a

{XE OmE± Vmo h_oem EH$ §H$a {dñ\$moQ> hmoVm h¡�& àmUKmVH$ {dñ\$moQ>�&''50

{~H$me am` Mo ho {ddoMZ am_M§XaZo A{YH$mè`m§da H$m Jmoir PmS>br `mMo g_W©Z

H$aVo. gVVMr AdhobZm, An_mZ `m_wio ZaH$_` `mVZm ghZ H$amì`m bmJUmè`m

404

am_M§XaMr Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V Pmbr. Am{U `mVyZM Ë`mÀ`m {dÐmohr _ZmZo C�dUu`m§Mr

{dH¥$V ì`dñWm PwJméZ XoVmZm A{YH$mè`m§da Jmoù`m Mmbdë`m AmhoV Ë`mMr hr y{_H$m,

A_mZwfVm, A_mZì`Vm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r Amho.

EH§$XarZo qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ Amboë`m {dÐmohmMo ñdén darbà_mUo Amho.

CÀMdUu`m§À`m ñdmWu d¥ÎmrZo dM©ñddmXr _mZ{gH$VoZo X{bVm§da Xmñ`Ëd, Jwbm_{Jar

bmXbr Amho. n[aUm_V� X{bVm§Zm CnojoMo, AdhobZoMo hrZ OrUo OJmdo bmJbo Amho. _mÌ

{ejUmZo Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V Pmbobr X{bVm§Mr ZdrZ {nT>r àñWm{nVm§Mr {dH¥$V

g_mOì`dñWm, XheV, hwHw$_emhr PwJméZ XoÊ`mgmR>r g§K{Q>VnUo {dÐmohr y{_H$m KoVo.

Ë`m§Mm hm {dÐmoh A_mZwfVobm PwJméZ bmdVmZm _mZdVoMr, gm_m{OH$ Ý`m`mMr Anojm

~miJVmo. AWm©VM X{bV g_mO àJVrgmR>r Ambobm {dÐmoh g_VoMo amÁ` àñWm{nV

H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZerb Amho. `mMo àË`§Va qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òVo.

6.10. ZH$ma �-

àñWm{nV Y_© ì`dñWoZo X{bVm§da Jwbm_{JarMo Xmñ`ËdmMo hrZ OrUo bmXbo.

n[aUm_V� X{bVm§À`m dmQ>çmbm ZaH$_` `mVZm Amë`m. ZaH$_` `mVZoMo hrZ OrUo

C�dUum`m§Zr bmXë`mMo bjmV òVmM X{bV g_mOmZo `m àd¥Îmrbm ZmH$maÊ`mMr y{_H$m

KoVbr. AWm©VM X{bVm§Zr hwHw$_emhr d¥Îmrbm, Añn¥í`Vobm, XS>nemhrbm, dU©ì`dñWobm

R>m_nUo ZH$ma {Xbm Amho. qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZohr R>m_nUo BWbr {dH¥$V ì`dñWm

ZmH$maÊ`mMr y{_H$m KoVbr Amho. Ë`mMo àË`§Va qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òVo.

_mohZXmg Z¡{_eam` `m§À`m "hobmo H$m_aoS>" `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ "ZH$ma" _yë` òVo.

gÎmmYmar ì`dñWm, C�dUu` _mZ{gH$Vm m§Zr X{bVm§Mm AZ{ÝdV N>i Ho$bm Amho. Ë`m§À`m

`m d¥Îmrbm {damoY H$aUmam "AO`" {d_bmer ~mobVmZm åhUVmo-

""AO` �- OmZo ^r Xmo H$m_aoS>, ò AË`mMma Vmo BZna g{X`m| go hmoVo Mbo Amò h¡ Am¡a

405

hmoVo hr ah|Jo�& BÝh| H$moB© amoH$ Zhr gH$Vm�& H$m_aoS> Owë_ H$aZodmbm| go ghZodmbm

A{YH$ Xmofr hmoVm h¡�& {Og {XZ CÝhm|Zo Owë_ ghZm N>mo �S> {X`m, g_P bmo

AË`mMma ~§X�&""51

AO`Mo Cnamoº$ {ddoMZ X{bVm§Zr àñWm{nV ì`dñWobm ZmH$maÊ`mMr y{_H$m KoVbr

VaM Ë`m§À`mda hmoUmao AË`mMma ~§X hmoVrb Ago gy{MV H$aVo. AWm©VM C�dUu` ì`dñWoZo

bmXbobr Jwbm_{Jar, Xmñ`Ëd R>m_nUo ZmH$mabr nm{hOo. VaM hmoUmam A_mZwf N>i Wm§~ob

Ago ZmQ>H$H$ma gy{MV H$aVmo. àñVwV ZmQ>H$m_Üò AO`Mr ~hrU {d_bmda {dH¥$V

_mZ[gH$VoVyZ {VMo njm_Üò dmT>Umao dM©ñd ghZ Z hmodyZ AaqdX {VÀ`mda ~bmËH$ma

H$aVmo. Voìhm AO` hm AË`mMma AmH«$_H$nUo ZmH$maVmo. Ë`mZo KoVbobr y{_H$m dM©ñddmXr

{dH¥$V ì`dñWm ZmH$maVo. AaqdXbm Ordo _maÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mÀ`m nwT>o OmVmo Am{U åhUVmo-

""AO` �- hm....hm.... (^`§H$a h§gr)

I§Oa h¡ `h XoI.... �& _wPo AnZr ~hZ H$s ~oB©�mVr H$m VwPgo ~Xbm boZo Ho$

{bE Bgr H$m ghmam boZm n �S>m h¡� & ~g M§X {_ZQ>mo _o Voam J§Xm IyZ ~h

OmEJm....�&""52

AO`Zo Cnamoº$ KoVbobr y{_H$m "AË`mMma ghZ Ho$bm OmUma Zmhr." Ago gy{MV

H$aVo. AWm©VM Xw~©b, X{bV åhUyZ {d_bmda AaqdX ~bmËH$ma H$aVmo. _mÌ Ë`mÀ`m `m

H¥$VrMr {ejm AO` Ë`mMm IyZ H$ê$Z Ë`mbm XoVmo. AWm©VM A_mZyfVm, A_mZì`Vm

ZmH$maVmZm gm_m{OH$ Ý`m`mMr Anojm ~miJVmZm àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ "ZH$ma" _yë` òVo.

ñdXoe XrnH$ `m§À`m "H$moQ>© _me©b" `m ZmQ>H$mVyZhr "ZH$ma" _yë` Ambobo Amho.

^maVr` goZoV H$m ©aV Agboë`m JmS>©da am_M§Xada "IyZ" Ho$ë`mMm Am{U IyZ H$aÊ`mMm

à`ËZ Ho$ë`mMm Amamon Amho. _mÌ Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V Pmboë`m am_M§XaZo H°$. H$nya Am{U H°$.

d_m© `m§Mm AË`mMma ghZ Z H$aÊ`mMo R>adbo. Ë`mVyZ Ë`mZo H°$. H$nyabm AmH«$_H$nUo {damoY

406

Ho$bm Amho. m{df`r gmj XoVmZm ~bdmZ qgh H°$. H$nyaÀ`m KaMm àg§J gm§JVmZm åhUVmo�-

""~bdmZ qgh �- EH$ {XZ H¡$ßQ>Z gmh~ Ho$ Ka Hw$N> _oh_mZ Amò hþE Wo�& S´>mBªJê$_ _| hr

EH$ N>moQ>r ~�r Zo nm°Q>r H$a Xr�& H¡$ßQ>Z gmh~ Zo am_M§Xa H$mo nm°Q>r gm\$

H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm�& CgZo BÝH$ma H$a {X`m�&""53

~bdmZ qghZo H$moQ>m©_Üò {Xbobr Cnamo�V gmj H°$. H$nyaMr {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vm

gy{MV H$aVo. VgoM ñdm{^_mZ OmJ¥V Pmboë`m am_M§XaZo H°$. H$nyaMr Jwbm_{Jar H$aÊ`mg

"ZH$ma" {Xë`mMo OmUdVo. Ë`mMr hr H¥$Vr Xmñ`Ëd, AdhobZm, A_mZwfVm m§Zm ZmH$maUmar

Amho. gm_m{OH$ h¸$mgmR>r _mUwgH$sZo dmJUyH$ {_imbrM nm{hOo. `mgmR>r am_M§XaZo H°$.

H$nyaÀ`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vobm PwJmê$Z {Xbo Amho. VgoM am_M§Xa H$m_mda AgVmZm

H°$.H$nya Am{U H°$.d_m© `m§À`m {dH¥$VVobm {Xbobo CÎma åhUOo Ë`mZo Ho$bobm Jmoir~ma Amho.

A{YH$mè`mZo Ho$bobo A_mZwf {dYmZ gm§JVmZm am_M§Xa åhUVmo-

am_M§Xa �- (MrIVo hwE) {MÅ>o Myh�S>o�& ham_ H$s gÅ>�& Voar _m± Oê$a {H$gr H$nya `m d_m© Ho$

gmW gmoB© hmoJr�&""54

am_M§XaMo Cnamoº$ {ddoMZ C�dUu`m§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoMo Xe©Z KS>{dVo. gVV

hmoUmam An_mZ, OmVr`Vodê$Z {Xë`m OmUmè`m {eì`m, X{bVm§H$S>o ~KÊ`mMm Ñ[ï>H$moZ

`m_wio am_M§Xa H«$mo{YV hmodyZ H°$.H$nya Am{U H°$.d_m©Mr {dH¥$VVm ZmH$maVmo. Am{U Ë`m§À`mda

n«mUKmVH$ h�m H$aVmo. Ë`mbm _mhrV Amho H$s, m_wio Amnë`mbm \$mer hmoUma Amho. _mÌ

ñdm{^_mZmZo _aU ñdrH$maoU, nU AdhobZm ghZ H$aUma Zmhr. `m y{_Ho$VyZ Ë`mZo

àñWm{nVm§À`m {dH¥$V d¥Îmrbm ZH$ma {Xbm Amho.

EH§$XarZo qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ Ambobo "ZH$ma" _yë` darbà_mUo Amho. àñWm{nV

ì`dñWoZo X{bVm§Zm Xmñ`ËdmMr, emofUmMr, {nidUwH$sMr, A_mZwfVoMr, hrZVoMr dmJUyH$

{Xbr Amho. åhUyZM Ë`m§Mr AË`mMmar ì`dñWm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ

407

"ZH$ma" _yë` òVo. hm "ZH$ma" g_VogmR>r, Ý`m`mgmR>r, _mUwgH$rgmR>r, à`ËZerb Amho.

6.11 gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s �-

qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ X{bVm§Zm gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` {_imdm `mgmR>r à`ËZerb

Amho. g_VogmR>r, gm_m{OH$ àJVrgmR>r, à`ËZerb AgUmè`m `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ `mgmR>rM

"{dÐmoh" Am{U "ZH$ma" _yëò òVmV. Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m {dYm`H$ n[adV©ZmgmR>r Amho.

AWm©VM àñVwV ZmQ>H$mZo X{bV g_mOmer ~m§{YbH$s Omonmgbr Amho. Ë`m§À`m doXZm

{M{ÌV H$aÊ`m~amo~a Ë`m§À`m ^mdZm, Ë`m§Mr n[adV©ZdmXr Ñï>r, Ë`m§À`m Anojm ì`º$

Ho$ë`m AmhoV. Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m gOJ gm_m{OH$VoMm àË`` XoUmar Amho. AWm©VM qhXrVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s" Omonmgbr Jobr Amho.

_mohZXmg Z¡{_eam` `m§À`m "hobmo H$m_aoS>" _YyZ "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$sMoo" Xe©Z

hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr Cno{jV X{bV g_mOmÀ`m mdZm, OrdZì`Wm {M{ÌV Ho$ë`m AmhoV. gÎmoH$Sy>Z

OZgm_mÝ`m§Mm hmoUmam «_{Zamg {M{ÌV H$aVmZmM gÎmoVrb bmoH$m§À`m ñdmWu d¥ÎmrMo

Xe©Zhr àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ hmoVo. VgoM àñWm{nVm§À`m {dH¥$VVo_wio X{bVm§Zm ghZ H$amì`m

bmJUmè`m ZaH$_` `mVZm§Mohr Xe©Z hmoVo. X{bVm§À`m OrdZdmñVdVobm {M{ÌV H$aVmZm

ZmQ>H$H$mamZo KoVbobr y{_H$m "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$sMoM' ÚmoVH$ Amho. àñVwV ZmQ>H$mÀ`m

g§X^m©V ZmQ>H$H$ma _mohmZXmg Z¡{_eam` åhUVmV,""Ohm± VH$ "hobmo H$m_aoS>' {bIZo H$s

~mV h¡, CgH$s n¥ð> y{_ _| ^maV H$s gm_m{OH$ Am¡a amOZ¡{VH$ n[apñWVr`m± h¡, {OÝhm|Zo

_oar ^mdZmAm| H$mo CÛo{bV H$a _wPo a§J_§M na AmZo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ` {H$`m�&'' 55

åhUOoM

^maVr` g_mOì`dñWoZo X{bVm§da Ho$bobm AZpÝdV N>i, AË`mMma `m_wio göXèrb

_mohZXmg `m§Zr `m AÝ`m`mbm dMm \$moS>Ê`mgmR>r àñVwV ZmQ>H$ "h°bmo H$m_aoS>' {bhbo

Amho. Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s' OmonmgUmar Amho. VgoM Ë`m§À`m ZmQ>H$mVrb

X{bV Zm`H$, X{bV g_mO "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s' OmonmgUmam Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo.

408

ñdXoe XrnH$ m§À`m "H$moQ>© _me©b' _YyZ X{bVm§Mr OrdZ {dXmaH$Vm, C�dUu`m§Mr

{dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vm m§Mo {MÌU Ambo Amho. àñWm{nVm§Zr ñdmWu hoVyZo, dM©ñddmXr y{_Ho$VyZ

Ho$bobm AÝ`m` gm§JVmZm boIH$mZo X{bVm§À`m AdhobZoMo {MÌU Ho$bo Amho. maVr` goZoV

"JmS>©' åhUyZ H$m ©aV Agboë`m am_M§XaMm H°$. H$nya Am{U H°$. d_m© m§Zr gVV OmVrdéZ

An_mZ Ho$bm Amho. _mÌ Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V Pmboë`m am_M§Xabm CnojoMo OrUo oA_mÝ` homVo.

Am{U Vmo Amnë`m A{YH$mè`mda Jmoù`m MmdbVmo. AWm©VM Vmo ñdm{^_mZr _aU nËH$aVmo.

nU An_mZmMo hrZ OrUo ZmH$maVmo. ZmQ>H$H$mamZo _m§S>bobm ZmQ>ç{df`r X{bVm§À`m mdZm,

Anojm ì`�V H$aUmam Amho. X{bVm§Mr gm_m{OH$ Ý`m`mMr, n[adV©ZmMr Ñï>r AYmoao{IV

H$aUmam Amho. AWm©VM Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s' OmonmgUmar Amho.

EH§$XarZo X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òUmar "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s' darbà_mUo Amho.

Cnamo�V ZmQ>H$mVyZ Ambobo X{bVm§À`m Anojm ì`�V H$aVmV. X{bV g_mOàJVrgmR>r

à`ËZerb amhVmV. g_mOmÀ`m doXZm ì`�V H$aVmV. Ë`m§Zr KoVbobr "{dÐmohr' Am{U

"ZH$mamMr' y{_H$m X{bVm§À`m gm_m{OH$ Ý`m`mgmR>r, àJVrgmR>r Amho. AWm©VM Ë`m§Mr

hr y{_H$m "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s' OmonmgUmar Amho.

6.12. _mZdVmdmX �-

qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ"_mZdVoMo' àË``§Va òVo. S>m °. Am§~oS>H$am§Zr

C�dUu`m§À`m {dH¥$V g_mOì`dñWobm Ho$bobm {damoY hm A_mZwfVm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r Am{U

_mZdVoMr _yë o àñWm{nV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amho. hrM H|$ÐdVu y{_H$m qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mMr

Amho. AWm©VM A_mZwfVm, A_mZì`Vm, AdhobZm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$

à`ËZerb Amho. åhUOoM àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ "_mZdVmdmXr' y{_H$m òVo.

_mohZXmg Z¡{_eam` `m§À`m "h¡bmo H$m_aoS>' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ _mZì`VoMo _yë`

àË``H$maH$VoZo òVo. S>m°. OwJb {H$emoa `m§Zr _m§S>bobr "àH$meH$s`' _Yrb ^y{_H$m

409

Am§~oS>H$admXmMm H|$ÐdVu hoVy "_mZdVmdmXM' Amho, Ago gm§JVo. S>m°. OwJb {H$emoa

åhUVmV, ""Xw{Z`m Ho$ g_mO _| _moQ>o Vm¡a na Xmo àH$ma Ho$ dJ© Ho$ h¢ emofH$ Am¡a emo{fV�&

bo{H$Z ^maVr` _mZg _| emofH$-emo{fV H$s `h AdYmaUm Cg g_` Am¡a A{YH$ \¡$bmd

nmVr h¡ O~ `hm± H$m g_mO {d{^Þ g§àXm`m|, Y_m©o Am¡a H«${_H$ Ag_mZVm go Ow �S>r q~XwAm|

H$s Om{V ì`dñWm _| AnZo-AmnH$mo {~Iam hþAm nmVm h¡�& Hw$N> VWmH${WV bmoJ Bg

AdYmaUm H$mo "{d{^ÞVm _| EH$Vm' _mZH$a Amdí` arK boVo h¢ bo{H$Z A§VV� h Cg g_mO

Ho$ {bE ~ohX XwIXm`r hr g{~V hmoVr h¡�& O~ CgH$m Om{V Am¡a Y_© Ho$ Zm_ na An_mZ d

emofU hmoVm h¡�& Am¡a Bgr _m`Zo _| Am§~oS>H$admX _m�g©dmX go EH$ H$X_ Am¡a AmJo ~ �T> OmVm

h¡ Am¡a `h H$hZo _| h_o H$moB© {PPH$ Zhr {H$ Xoa-g~oa Xoe Ho$ OZ-OZ H$s Iwehmbr

Am§~oS>H$admX go hr AmEoJr�&'' 56

åhUOoM S>m°. OwJb {H$emoa `m§Mr y{_H$m OmVr`VoZo,

C�-ZrMVoZo X{bVm§da bmXboë`m Jwbm_{Jarbm PwJméZ XoÊ`mMr VmH$X Am§~oS>H$admXm_Ü o

Agë`mMo gy{MV H$aVo. VgoM g§nyU© Xoem_Üò OrdZ_§JbVm, OrdZHw$ebVm òÊ`mgmR>r

Am§~oS>H$admXmMr JaO Amho. AWm©VM Am§~oS>H$admXmZo _mUgmÀ`m àJVrMm, _mZì`VoMm

_yb yV {dMma Ho$bm Amho. hr y{_H$mM qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mÀ`m "H|$ÐdVu' Amho.

àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ _m�g©dmXr nj, Ë`m§Mr amOH$s` {dMmaYmam ZmQ>H$H$ma gm§JVmo.

VgoM X{bVm§H$S>o ~KÊ`mMm C�dUu`m§Mm Xy{fV Ñ[ï>H$moZhr Xe©dVmo. X{bVm§da gVV hmoUmè`m

AÝ`m`mbm gÎmmYmar, àñWm{nV O~m~Xma AmhoV. åhUyZM m§Zm àM§S> {damoY Ho$bm nm{hOo.

Ago Pmbo Va _mUgmbm _mUgmgmaIo OJVm oB©b. ho gm§JVmZm AO` "{d_bbm' åhUVmo,

""AO` �- Bg YaVr go Owë_ Am¡a AË`mMma h_oem-h_oem Ho$ {bE IË_ hmo OmEJm �& Z

«ï>mMma ahoJm�& Z Mmoar-S>mHo$ hm|Jo Am¡a Z hr {H$gr H$s BÁOV bwQ>oJr��&''57

AO`Mo Cnamo�V {ddoMZ _mUgmbm _mUwgH$sMr dmJUyH$ {_imdr. `mgmR>r

X{bVm§Mm g§Kf© bT>m Agë`mMo gy{MV H$aVo. S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Zr X{bVm§Zm "gm_m{OH$

410

Ý`m` {_imdm' `mgmR>r g§Kf© Ho$bm Amho. `mVyZM àoaUm KodyZ X{bV {nT>rhr {dYm`H$

n[adV©ZmgmR>r g§Kf© gÁO Pmbr Amho.

àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ AO`Mo dS>rb hrambmb Am`wî`â AmXe©dmXr VÎdmda R>m_

amhV amOH$maUmV g{H«$` am{hbobo AmhoV. _mÌ `m_wio Ë`m§Zm g§nÎmr Jmoim H$aVm Ambr

Zmhr. nËZr \y$bdVr _mÌ `m_wio ZmamO Amho. _wbrMm {ddmh H$gm hmoUma `mMr qMVm

bmJyZ am{hbobr Amho. _mÌ AmXe©dmXmda R>m_ Agbobo hrambmb «ï>mMmamÀ`m {damoYmV

AmhoV. Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m Ë`m§À`m nwT>rb {ddoMZmVyZ ñnï> hmoVo, Vo åhUVmV,

""hrambmb �- Vmo Vy ^r MmhVr h¡ {H$ ~oB©_mZ ~Z OmD$�& Iy~ g_mO _| «ï>mMma \¡$bmD§$�&

AnZo ñdmW© Ho$ {bE, Ho$db AnZo {bE�&'' 58

hrambmb `m§Mr hr y{_H$m g_mOmàVr àm_m{UH$ Agë`mMo gy{MV H$aVo. Ë`m§Zr

g§nyU© Am`wî`mV «ï>mMma, Ad¡Y _mJm©Zo g§nÎmr àmá H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bobm Zmhr. AWm©VM

_mUgmàVr, g_mOmàVr àm_m{UH$ amhÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr hr y{_H$m _mUgmbm _mUyg åhUyZ

g_OmdyZ KoUmar Amho. S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Zm "_mZì`VoMr _yëò OmonmgUmar' g_mOì`dñWm

{Z_m©U H$am`Mr hmoVr. Ë`mMo AmXe© à{V{ZYr åhUyZ hrambmb òVmV.

àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ C�dUu`m§Zr X{bVm§da Ho$bobm AÝ`m`, AË`mMma òVmo.

X{bVmàVr Ho$bobm A_mZdr` ì`dhma òVmo. `m A_mZwf ì`ddhmam{déÕ AO` A{Ve`

Vrd« à{V{H«$`m XoVmZm åhUVmo,

""AO` �- H$h|Jo X{bV hr Vmo h¡, Am¡a H$ht CgHo$ nr[a` �S> _| gyIm n �S> J`m Vmo CgH$s

naoemZr, H$hr ~m�T> AmòJr V~ CgH$s H$_r go�& aob-E�grS>oÝQ> hm|Jo V~

_wgr~V�& {d_bm Bg Xoe _| {hÝXyY_© Ho$ R>oHo$Xmam| Zo D§$M-ZrM H$s O �S>o ~hþV

AÝXa VH$ O_mB© hþB© h¢�& H$moB© ~hþV Omoam| H$s Am§Yr `m Vy\$mZ hr AmEJm, V^r

ò O �S>o IË_ hmo gH$Vr h¢�& bmoJm| Ho$ {X_mJ _| Ry>§g-Ry>§g H$a â JB© _mZ{gH$Vm

411

Ywb gH$Vr h¡�&'' 59

AO`Mo Cnamo�V {ddoMZ C�dUu`m§Mr X{bVm§{df`r Agbobr A_mZdr`, {dH¥$V

^mdZm ì`�V H$aVo. `m A_mZwfVoZo X{bVm§Zm gmVË`mZo Cnojm, AdhobZm, An_mZ hoM

{Xbobo Amho. Aem {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vobm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r AmH«$_H$ g§Kfm©Mr Amdí`H$Vm

Amho. VoìhmM g_mOmVrb Ag_mZVm g§nyZ g_VoMo amÁ` oB©b. _mUwgH$sMm {dMma H$aUmar

{dMmaYmam òB©b. `mgmR>rM X{bVm§Zr g§Kf©gÁO am{hbo nm{hOo, Ago ZmQ>H$H$ma gy{MV

H$aVmo.

ñdXoe XrnH$ `m§À`m "H$moQ>© _me©b' _YyZ àñWm{nVm§À`m A_mZwfVo_wio X{bVm§da

Xmñ`ËdmMo, Jwbm_{JarMo OrUo Amë`mMo {MÌU òVo. nU hr A_mZwfVm ghZ Ho$br OmUma

Zmhr Agohr àñVwV ZmQ>H$ gy{MV H$aVo. maVr` goZo_Üò "JmS>©' nXmda H$m`©aV Agboë`m

am_M§Xabm Ë`mMo A{YH$mar H°$. H$nya Am{U H°$. d_m© gVV A_mZdVoMr dmJUyH$ XoVmV.

OmVrdéZ Ë`mbm {eì`m XoVmV. _mÌ Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V Pmbobm am_M§Xa hm A_mZwf ì`dhma

ghZ H$aV Zmhr. Va Ë`mbm àË`wVa XoVmo. Vmo Amnë`m `m A{YH$mè`m§da Jmoù`m MmbdVmo.

Ë`mMr hr H¥$Vr Amåhmbmhr _mUgmgmaIr dmJUyH$ {_imbr nmhrOo, Ago gy{MV H$aUmar

Amho.

EH§$XarZo qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ oUmao "_mZdVoMo _yë`' hmM ZmQ>H$mMm H|$ÐdVu

Ame` Amho. C�dUu`m§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoZo X{bVm§Zm ZaH$_` `mVZm {Xë`m AmhoV.

Ë`m§À`m A_mZwf N>imZo X{bVm§Mo OrdZ neydV Pmbo Amho. åhUyZM C�dUu`m§Zr bmXbobr

A_mZwfVm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r X{bVm§Zr AmH«$_H$ {dÐmohr y{_H$m KoVbr Amho. hm {dÐmoh

"_mZì`VoMr _yëò àñWm{nV' H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZerb Amho. Ë`m§Zr {Xbobm ZH$ma Xmñ`Vm,

Jwbm_{Jar, emofZ, {nidUyH$ m§Zm PwJméZ bmdUmam Amho. VgoM g_VoMo, Ý`m`mMo amÁ`

AmUÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZerb Amho. AWm©VM qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mMr H|$ÐdVu ^y{_H$m

412

"_mZdVoMo amÁ`' AmUÊ`mMr Amho.

qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ à{VV hmoUmao àm{V{Z{YH$ {ZîH$f© nwT>rbà_mUo �-

1) qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo X{bV OrdZì`Wm, X{bVm§À`m doXZm {M{ÌV Ho$ë`m AmhoV.

2) àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ C�dUu`m§Mr {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vm, Ë`m§Zr X{bVm§da bmXbobr

Jwbm_{Jar, dM©ñddmXr _mZ{gH$VoVyZ X{bVm§Mr Ho$bobr AdhobZm `m§Mo {MÌU òVo.

3) qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ AmH«$_H$ {dÐmoh òVmo. hm "{dÐmoh' àñWm{nVm§Mr {dH¥$V

g_mOì`dñWm g§n{dVmZmM X{bVm§Zm gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` {_imdm `mgmR>r à`ËZerb Amho.

4) àñWm{nVm§Zr bmXbobr Jwbm_{Jar ZmH$maVmZm Ë`m§Zr A_mZdr ì`dhma, A_mZwf d¥Îmr

PwJméZ bmdë`mMo qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ gy{MV H$aVo.

5) X{bVm§À`m gdmªJrU àJVrgmR>r, gÝ_mZmZo OJVm mdo mgmR>r qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$

à`ËZerb Amho.

6) _mUwgH$sMr _yëò éO{dÊ`mMm àm_m{UH$ à`ËZ qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo Ho$bm Amho.

EH§$XarZo qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mMr dmQ>Mmb darbà_mUo Amho. qhXrVrb X{bV

ZmQ>H$ àmW{_H$ AdñWoV Amho. hm àdmh gj_ hmoÊ`mgmR>r AmUIr H$mhr H$mbmdYr Omdm

bmJob. `m ZmQ>H$mZo àJVrMm, g_VoÀ`m amÁ`mMm _mUgmÀ`m AmË_gÝ_mZmMm {dMma

àmYmÝ`mZo Ho$bm Amho. X{bVm§Mr doXZm _m§S>Ê`m~amo~aM ho ZmQ>H$ `mVZm_` OrdZ

g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r X{bVm§Zm "{dÐmohr' y{_H$m KoÊ`mgmR>r àoaUm XoVo. ~§Y_w�VVoMm {dMma

_m§S>Umao qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ Jwbm_{Jar, Xmñ`Ëd PwJméZ XoVo. àm_w»`mZo X{bV OrdZ

Om{Udm _m§S>VmZm àñVwV ZmQ>H$mVyZ n[adV©ZdmXr y{_H$m KodyZ òUmè`m Zì`m X{bV

{nT>rÀ`m ^mdZm, Anojm òVmV. X{bVm§Zr A_mZdVm, A_mZwfVm PwJméZ XoÊ`mgmR>r

Am{U "_mZì`VoMr _yëò' àñWm{nV ìhmdrV `mgmR>r qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ àoaUm XoVo.

"_mZì`Vm' hoM `m ZmQ>H$mMo A§{V_ Üò` Amho.

413

6.13. _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ � Vm¡b{ZH$ {ZîH$f© �-

ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mbI§S>m_Üò X{bV gm{hË`mÀ`m CJ_m~amo~a _amR>rVrb X{bV

ZmQ>H$hr dmñVdVoMo ^mZ R>odyZ `m`bm bmJbo Amho. Va qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ X{bV

OrdZdmñVdVm, n[adV©ZdmXr _mZ{gH$Vm KodyZ Ambobo Amho. _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo AmV© doXZoMo, X~boë`m ñdam§Mo, OrdZ {MÌU H$aÊ`m~amo~a S>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Mo

ñdßZ nyU© H$aUmè`m {dÐmohr_ÎdmÀ`m {nT>rMo {MÌU Ho$bo Amho. VgoM `m ZmQ>H$mZo X{bV

g_mOmÀ`m mdZm OZgm_mÝ`m§n ªV nmohmoMdÊ`mMo _hÎdnyU© H$m © Ho$bo Amho. X{bV boIH$m§À`m

_ZmVrb {dÐmoh OZ_mUgmV éO{dÊ`mgmR>r, {dYm`H$ n[ad©ZmgmR>r, gm_m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$

~Xbm§gmR>r _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$H$mam§Zr a§J y_rMm dmna Ho$bm Amho.

_amR>r_Ü o gwédmVrbm Amboë`m gËèmoYH$s Obem§_Ü o gm_m{OH$ Om{Udm hmoË`m.

`m Obem§Zr OwÝ`m àWm§Mo, éT>r-na§nam§Mo, H$_©R>VoMo C�mQ>Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r X{bV _Zo

V`ma H$aÊ`mMo H$m`© Ho$bo. VgoM Xmñ`Vm, X{bVÎd, emofU, AÝ`m` m§Zm PwJméZ XoÊ`mMo

_hÎdnyU© H$m`© Obem§Zr Ho$bo. qhXr_Üò "Obgm' gmaIm àH$ma {XgV Zmhr.

_amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo àñWm{nVm§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Voda,

g_mOì`dñWoda àH$me Q>mH$bm Amho. VgoM hr {dH¥$V ì`dñWm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r Am{U

{dYm`H$ n[adV©ZmgmR>r X{bV g_mOmbm g§Kf© gÁO amOÊ`mMm g§Xoe {Xbm Amho.

_amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo àñWm{nV ì`dñWoZo ñdmWu d¥ÎmrZo dM©ñddmXr

_mZ{gH$VoZo X{bVm§da CnojoMo, AdhobZoMo OrUo bmXë`mMo gm§{JVbo Amho. Va qhXrVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$hr C�dUu`m§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoZo X{bVm§Zm ZaH$_` `mVZm {Xë`mMo

gm§JVo. X{bVm§À`m AgmøVoMm, Xw~©bVoMm, AkmZmMm àñWm{nVm§Zr J¡a\$m`Xm KodyZ

Ë`m§À`mda Jwbm_{Jar bmXbr. n[aUm_V� X{bVm§Zm Xmñ`ËdmMo, An_mZmMo, ZaH$_`

`mVZm§Mo hrZ OrUo OJmdo bmJë`mMo _amR>r AmU qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo gm§{JVbo

414

Amho. _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo X{bVm§da hmoUmam nwamUH$mimnmgyZMm AË`mMma {M{ÌV

Ho$bm Amho. Va qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZohr "àñWm{nVm§Zr wJmZw`wJo X{bVm§Zm Jwbm_{JarV

R>odÊ`mMo Hw$Q>rb H$mañWmZ Ho$ë`mMo' gm§{JVbo Amho. àñWm{nVm§Zr aMboëà Hw$Q>rb

H$mañWmZm_wio X{bV g_mO àJVr_Üò {nN>mS>bm Jobm. {ejUmnmgyZ, gm_m{OH$

Ý`m`mnmgyZ d§{MV am{hbm. Aem Ag§K{Q>V AkmZr g_mOmbm "Jwbm_{JarV' T>H$bÊ`mMm

C�dUu`m§Mm hoVy g\$b Pmbm. X{bVm§Zm `wJmZw`wJo ZaH$_` `mVZm§Zm, hrZ OJÊ`mbm

gm_moao Omdo bmJë`mMo XmoÝhrH$S>rb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo gm§{JVbo Amho.

_amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ Ambobm "{dÐmoh' hm X{bV gm{hË`mMm

àmU Amho. `wJmZw`wJo àñWm{nV ì`dñWoZo X{bVm§Mo OrdZ A§Y�H$ma_` H$éZ R>odbo. Ë`m§Zr

bmXboë`m Xmñ`ËdmZo AZpÝdV ZaH$_` `mVZm X{bVm§Zm gmogmì`m bmJë`m. _mÌ S>m°.

~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§À`m àoaUoVyZ Apñ_Vm OmJ¥V Pmbobr X{bVm§Mr ZdrZ {nT>r "{dÐmohr'

n{dÍ`mV C^r Agë`mMo _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo gy{MV Ho$bo Amho. Va qhXrVrb X{bV

ZmQ>H$hr àñWm{nVm§Mr hþHw$_emhr, AmV§H$s ì`dñWm PwJméZ XoÊ`mgmR>r X{bVm§Mr Zdr {nT>r

g§Kf©gÁO Pmë`mMo gm§JVo. XmoÝhrH$S>rb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ oUmam "{dÐmoh' C�dUu`m§Mr

{dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vm, X{bVm§da bmXbobo Xmñ`Ëd, gVVMr AdhobZm, Cno{jVVm, AÝ`m`

PwJméZ XoÊ`mgmR>r Ambobm Amho. AWm©VM hm "{dÐmoh' {dÜd§gH$ ñdénmMm ZgyZ {dYm`H$

ñdénmMm Amho. hm "{dÐmoh' A_mZwf d¥Îmrbm PwJméZ XoVmZm "_mZdVoMr', "gm_m{OH$ Ý`m`mMr',

"g_VoMr' Anojm ~miJVmo. _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òUmao "Zm`H$' àñWm{nVm§À`m

{dH¥$V ì`dñWobm CKS>-CKS> {damoY H$aVmV. X{bV g_mOmbm g§K{Q>VnUo g§Kf© H$aÊ`mg

àoaUm XoVmV. Va qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ oUmao "Zm`H$hr' C�dUu`m§Mr {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vm

PwJméZ XoVmZm àM§S> AmH«$_H$ "{dÐmohr' y{_H$m KoVmV. AWm©VM _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ Ambobm"{dÐmoh' {dYm`H$ gm_m{OH$ n[adV©ZmMr Anojm ~miJVmo.

415

àñWm{nV Y_© ì`dñWooZo X{bVm§da AdhobZoMo Xmñ`ËdmMo hrZ OrUo bmXbo.

n[aUm_V� X{bVm§À`m dmQ>çmbm ZaH$_` mVZm Amë`m. hr AdhobZm ZmH$maÊ`mMr y{_H$m

_amR>rVrb Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo KoVbr Amho. _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m§_YyZ

òUmao Zm`H$ g_mOmVrb {dH¥$V d¥ÎmrMm {ZfoY H$aVmZm H$_©R> éT>r na§nam, OmVrì`dñWm,

Añn¥í`Vm, dU©ì`dñWm, XS>nemhr, hþHw$_emhr `m§Zm R>m_nUo ZmH$maVmV. Va qhXrVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$m§_YyZ oUmao Zm`H$ C�dUu`m§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vobm, dM©ñddmXr ì`dñWobm

PwJméZ bmdVmV. VgoM AmVm Jwbm_{Jar, Xmñ`Ëd ghZ Ho$bo OmUma Zgë`mMo gy{MV

H$aVmV. XmoÝhrH$S>rb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ Ambobm "ZH$ma' A_mZwfVobm, A_mZì`Vobm PwJméZ

XoVmZm _mZdVoÀ`m _yë`m§gmR>r, Zdg_mOmÀ`m {Z{_©VrgmR>r à`ËZerb Amho. VgoM hm

"ZH$ma' g_mOOrdZmVrb Ag_mZVm g§ndyZ g_VogmR>r, Ý`m`mgmR>r à`ËZerb Amho.

AWm©VM _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb ZmQ>H$mVyZ Ambobo "ZH$ma' _yë` OrdZ Hw$ebVogmR>r,

OrdZ gw§XaVogmR>r, {dYm`H$ n[adV©ZmgmR>r Ambobo Amho.

_amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ X{bV g_mOmÀ`m gdmªJrU àJVrgmR>r, gm_m{OH$

Ý`m`mgmR>r à`ËZerb Amho. Va qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$hr X{bVm§Zm gm_m{OH$ à{Vð>m

{_imdr. `m CÔoemZo H$m`©aV Amho. åhUyZM XmoÝhrH$S>rb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ "{dÐmoh' Am{U

"ZH$ma' hr _yëò gj_VoZo òVmV. hr _yëò {dYm`H$ gm_m{OH$ n[adV©ZmMr Anojm

~miJVmV. VgoM "_mUgmbm à{Vð>m àmá ìhmdr' hm hoVy ~miJVmV. _amR>rVrb X{bV

ZmQ>H$mZo X{bV OrdZ{dXmaH$Vm, X{bV OrdZdmñVdVm, X{bV _Zm§Mr Anojm ì`�V

H$aVmZm "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s' Omonmgbr Amho. Va qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$hr X{bV

g_mO àJVrMm {dMma H$aVo. Ë`mMr hr y{_H$m "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$sMo' ÚmoVH$ Amho.

AWm©VM XmoÝhrH$S>rb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo gm_m{OH$ Ý`m`mMr, {dYm`H$ n[adV©ZmMr Ñï>r

~miJbobr Amho. åhUOoM XmoÝhrH$S>rb X{bV ZmQ>H$ X{bV OrdZmnmgyZ Xya OmV Zmhr.

416

Va Ë`m§À`m OrdZg_ñ`m, OrdZ`mVZm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZerb Amho.

S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Zr H$_©R> éT>r na§nam, OmVr`Vm, C�dUu`m§Mr {dH¥$V

_mZ{gH$Vm, A_mZwfVm `m§Zm Ho$bobm H$S>mSy>Z {damoY "_mZdVmdmXr' y{_Ho$VyZM Ambm

Amho. Ë`m§À`m `m y{_Ho$Mo àË``§Va _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ òVo. Va qhXrVrb X{bV

ZmQ>H$mZohr àñWm{nVm§Mr {dH¥$V ì`dñWm, A_mZwfVm g§n{dÊ`mgmR>r Am{U "_mZì`VoMr

_yëò àñWm{nV' H$aÊ`mgmR>r à^mdrnUo à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho. _amR>rVrb Am{U qhXrVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo Jwbm_{Jar, Xmñ`Ëd, ZaH$_` `mVZm, emofZ, {nidUyH$ `m§Zm PwJméZ

XoVmZm OrdZgw§XaVogmR>r, OrdZHw$ebVogmR>r, g_VoÀ`m amÁ`mgmR>r, Ý`m`mgmR>r à`ËZ

Ho$bo Amho. AWm©VM "g_mOmVrb eodQ>Mm _mUyg gwIr ìhmdm' `m CÔoemZo _amR>rVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$ ào[aV Pmbo Amho. Va qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZohr "_mUgmÀ`m _moR>onUmgmR>r'

à`ËZ Ho$bo AmhoV. XmoÝhrH$S>rb X{bV ZmQ>H$mMo A§{V_ Üò` "_mZdr _yë`m§Mr à{Vð>mnZm

H$aUo' hoM Amho. hoM _hZr` _yë` X{bV gm{hË`mMm àdmh gj_ H$aÊ`m_Üò _hÎdnyU©

y{_H$m nma nmS>V Amho.

EH§$XarZo _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mVyZ àñWm{nVm§À`m {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vo_wio, ñdmWu,

dM©ñddmXr d¥Îmr_wio X{bVm§Zm hrZËdmMo, An_mZmMo OrUo gmogmdo bmJë`mMo {MÌU òVo.

`m AmV§H$s ì`dñWo{dê$ÜX g§Kfm©g g�m Pmbobr X{bVm§Mr Zdr {nT>r òVo. S>°m. ~m~mgmho~

Am§~oS>H$am§Mo H«$m§{VH$mar VÎdkmZ OZgm_mÝ §mn`§©V nmohMdÊ`mMo _hËdnyU© H$m`© _amR>rVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo Ho$bo Amho. VgoM "gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s" OmonmgUmao ho ZmQ>H$ "_mZì`VogmR>r"

A_mZdVo{dê$ÜX g§Kf© H$aVmZm {XgVo.

gm_m{OH$ Ý`m`mgmR>r, g_VogmR>r g§Kf© H$aÊ`mMo g§Ho$V qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo

{Xbo AmhoV. Am§~oS>H$admXr {dMmaYmaoZo ^mH$arÀ`m àíZm§nojm ñdm{^_mZmZo OJÊ`mbm

_hÎd {Xë`mMo qhXrVrb ZmQ>H$ gm§JVo. VgoM `m ZmQ>H$mZo g_mOmVrb C�dUu`m§À`m

417

{dH¥$V _mZ{gH$VoZo X{bVm§À`m àJVrÀ`m dmQ>m amoIyZ Yaë`mMo gm§{JVbo Amho. qhXrVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo X{bVm§da hmoUmè`m AÝ`m`mMr XIb àñWm{nV, gÎmmYmar ì`dñWm KoV

Zgë`mMr I§V ì`�V Ho$br Amho. AmVm _mÌ {dYm`H$ gm_m{OH$ n[adV©ZmgmR>r X{bV

{nT>r gÁO Pmë`mMo gm§{JVbo Amho. `mVyZM X{bVm§À`m AmH«$_H$ {dÐmohr_ËdmMr AmoiI

hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr A_mZwfVobm {Xbobm "ZH$ma' _mZì`VoÀ`m à{Vð>mnZogmR>r Amho. ñdm{^_mZmZo

Am{U _mUwgH$sZo X{bVm§Zm OJVm Ambo nm{hOo. `mgmR>r X{bV g_mOmbm àoaUm XoÊ`mMo

H$m_ qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo Ho$bo Amho.

EH§$XarZo _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo "~§Y_w�V' _mUgmMm {dMma Ho$bm

Amho. VgoM S>m°. Am§~oS>H$am§Mo H«$m§{VH$mar VÎdkmZ OZgm_mÝ`m§n`ªV nmohmoMdÊ`mMm à`ËZ

Ho$bm Amho. _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mMo ZmQ>ç~rO "X{bVm§Mm _w�VrbT>m', "{díd~§YwÎdmMr

à{Vð>mnZm', "g_VoMo amÁ`', "_mZì`Vm' ho Amho. Va qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo ñdm{^_mZmZo

OJÊ`mbm, "AmV§H$s ì`dñWm PwJméZ bmdÊ`mbm', "Jwbm_{Jarbm ZmH$maÊ`mbm' _hÎd

{Xbo Amho. XmoÝhrH$S>rb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo "OrdZ_yëò' Am{U "gm_m{OH$ _yëò' _m§S>VmZm

"_mZdr _yë`m§Mm' àm_w»`mZo {dMma Ho$bm Amho. A_mZwfVo{déÕ g§Kf© H$aUmar X{bVm§Mr

ZdrZ {nT>r "_mZdVoÀ`m' à{Vð>mnZogmR>r à`ËZerb Agë`mMo _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb

X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo gm§{JVbo Amho. _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mMo joÌ \$mago g_¥Õ

Pmbobo Zmhr. XmoÝhrH$S>rb ZmQ>ç àdmh jrU AdñWoV Amho. S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Mo

{dMma bmoH$m§n`ªV nmohmoM{dÊ`mgmR>r Am{U X{bV Midirbm ge�V H$aÊ`mgmR>r X{bV

ZmQ>H$ gj_nUo m`bm hdo. "JwUmË_H$ Ñ{ï>Zo gj_ Agbobo ZmQ>H$' X{bV gm{hË` àdmhmbm

Am{U X{bV Midirbm Z¸$sM ge�V ~ZdV amhrb.

418

6.14. {ZîH$f© �-

1) _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mMm àdmh H$mhrgm jrU AdñWoV Amho.

2) S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Mo H«$m§{VH$mar VÎdkmZ OZgm_mÝ`m§n`ªV nmohmoMdÊ`mMo

_hÎdnyU© H$m`© _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo Ho$bo Amho.

3) _amR>rVrb X{bV a§J y_r "Obgm', "EH$m§{H$H$m', "ZmQ>H$' `m àH$mam§Zr gObobr

Amho. qhXrVrb a§J y_rda àm_w»`mZo "ZmQ>H$' hmM àH$ma hmVmibm Jobm Amho.

4) X{bVm§da bmXbobr Jwbm_{Jar, Xmñ`Vm, Ë`m§À`mda bmXbobo ZaH$_` `mVZm§Mo OrUo

`mdaVr _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo àH$me Q>mH$bm Amho.

5) àñWm{nVm§Mr {dH¥$V _mZ{gH$Vm, bmXbobr Jwbm_{Jar ZmH$maÊ`mMr y{_H$m _amR>r

Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo KoVbr Amho.

6) X{bVm§Zr {Xbobm A_mZdVo{déÕMm bT>m g_VogmR>r, Ý`m`mgmR>r Am{U _mZì`VoMr

_yëò àñWm{nV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Agë`mMm g§Ho$V _amR>r Am{U qhXrVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$mZo

{Xbm Amho.

7) XmoÝhrH$S>rb X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Mr g§»`mË_H$ Am{U JwUmË_H$ dmT> Pmë`mg X{bV gm{hË`

àdmh Am{U X{bV Midi A{YH$ gj_ hmody eHo$b.

419

6.5. g§X^© gyMr �-

1. \$S>Ho$ ^mbM§Ð � "X{bV gm{hË` � doXZm Am{U {dÐmoh', "lr{dÚm àH$meZ,

nwUo', à. Am. 1977, n¥. 104

2. JUdra à^mH$a � "X{bV ZmQ>ç � EH$ AmT>mdm' (boImVyZ), ({_qbX H$m°boO

am¡ß` _hmoËgdr-A§H$) 1975-76

3. nmZVmdUo J§JmYa � "{dÐmohmMo nmUr noQ>bo Amho', "{dO` àH$meZ, Am¡a§Jm~mX',

à. Am. 1976, n¥. 46

4. Z¡{_eam` _mohZXmg � "qhXr _o X{bV gm{hË`' (boI)"X{bV gm{hË` Am¡a

AídoV gm{hË` Hw$N> {dMma' g§nm-M_Z bmb, "^maVr`

C� AÜ``Z g§ñWmZ, {e_bm', à. Am. 2001, n¥. 86

5. VÌ¡d � n¥. 86

6. ~§XgmoS>o {H$gZ \$mJyOr � "gZmVZ Y_m©Mm n§Ma§Jr V_mem', ("{dÐmohmMo nmUr noQ>bo

Amho' _YyZ CX²Y¥V-àm. J§JmYa nmZVmdUo),

"{dO` àH$meZ, Am¡a§Jm~mX', à. Am. 1976, n¥. 54-55

7. hmVH$U§JboH$a _. X. � "{H$ad§V' (XmoZ eãX _YyZ CX²Y¥V) "_°OopñQ>H$ àH$meZ,

_w§~B©', à. Am. 1991

8. JÁdr ào_mZ§X � "{H$ad§V', "_°OopñQ>H$ àH$meZ' _w§~B©',

à. Am. 1991, n¥. 58

9. JÁdr ào_mZ§X � "VZ-_mOmoar', "_°OopñQ>H$ àH$meZ, _w§~B©',

Xw. Am. 1996, n¥. 20

10. VÌ¡d � n¥. 16-17

420

11. ^JV XÎmm � "dmQ>m-nidmQ>m', "H$m°pÝQ>ZoÝQ>b àH$meZ, nwUo',

M. Am. 2002, n¥. 42

12. MìhmU am_ZmW � "~m_ZdmS>m', "lr{dÚm àH$meZ, nwUo', à. Am. 1991,

n¥. 52

13. VÌ¡d � 66

14. {MQ>Urg _. {^. � "`wJ`mÌm', "{nnëg EÁ`y. gmogm`Q>r, _w§~B©',

à. Am. 1956, n¥. 01

15. JÁdr ào_mZ§X � "{H$ad§V', "_°OoñQ>rH$ àH$meZ, _w§~B©',

à. Am. 1991, n¥. 13

16. JÁdr ào_mZ§X � "VZ-_mOmoar', "_°OoñQ>rH$ àH$meZ _w§~B©", Xw.Am. 1996

n¥.63

17. ^JV XÎmm � "dmQ>m-nidmQ>m", "H$m°pÝQ>ZoÝQ>b àH$meZ nwUo",

M.Am. 2002 n¥.49

18. Jmoao ZmZmgmho~ � 11-5-91 amoOr am_ZmW MìhmU `m§Zm {b{hboë`m

nÌmVyZ (~m_ZdmS>mÀ`m _bn¥ð>mdéZ) boIH$ - am_ZmW

MìhmU, "lr{dÚm àH$meZ, nwUo', à. Am. 1991

19. MìhmU am_ZmW � "~m_ZdmS>m', "lr{dÚm àH$meZ, nwUo', à. Am. 1991

n¥. 34-35

20. VÌ¡d � n¥. 37

21. {Ì wdZ àH$me � "Wm§~m am_amÁ` òV§`', "AmZ§X àH$meZ, Am¡a§Jm~mX',

Xw. Am. 1994, n¥. 25

421


Xw. Am. 1996, n¥. 70-71

23. VÌ¡d � n¥. 73


M. Am. 2002, n¥. 33


Xw. Am. 1994, n¥. 11

26. VÌ¡d � n¥. 30-31


Xw. Am. 1996, n¥. 74


Xw. Am. 1994, n¥. 38

29. VÌ¡d � n¥. 38


M.Am. 2002, n¥. 5

31. MìhmU am_ZmW � "~m_ZdmS>m', "lr{dÚm àH$meZ, nwUo', à. Am. 1991,

"An©Un{ÌH$m'

32. VÌ¡d � n¥. 83


Xw. Am. 1994, n¥. 31

34. Z¡{_eam` _mohZXmg � "hobmo H$m_aoS>', "g~ñd \$m¢S>oeZ, Zdr {X�r',

à. Am. 2001, n¥. 15

422

35. VÌ¡d � n¥. 17

36. VÌ¡d � n¥. 17

37. VÌ¡d � n¥. 19

38. VÌ¡d � n¥. 48

39. VÌ¡d � n¥. 48

40. VÌ¡d � n¥. 55

41. VÌ¡d � n¥. 58

42. XrnH$ ñdXoe � "H$moQ>© _me©b', "amOH$_b àH$meZ, Zdr {X�r, nQ>Zm',

nwZ_w©ÐU-2000, n¥. 59

43. VÌ¡d � n¥. 77

44. VÌ¡d � n¥. 78


à. Am. 2001, n¥. 19

46. VÌ¡d � n¥. 26

47. VÌ¡d � n¥. 49

48. VÌ¡d � n¥. 58


nwZ_w©ÐU-2000, n¥. 76

50. VÌ¡d � n¥. 92


à.Am. 2001, n¥. 32

423

* * * * *

52. VÌ¡d � n¥. 59


nwZ_w©ÐU-2000, n¥. 77-78

54. VÌ¡d � n¥. 89


à.Am.2001, y{_Ho$VyZ

56. {H$emoa OwJb � "àH$meH$s` Ho$ ~hmZo' _YyZ (h¡bmo H$m_aoS>-_mohZXmg

Z¡{_eam`) "g~ñd \$m¢S>oeZ, Zdr {X�r', à. Am. 2001


à. Am. 2001, n¥. 33

58. VÌ¡d � n¥. 44

59. VÌ¡d � n¥. 47

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àH$aU 6 do - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3812/11/11_chapter 6.pdf · 362 àH$aU 6 do "" qhXr _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$ ’’ _amR>rVrb X{bV ZmQ>H$m§Mm {dMma