EUROPA ORIENTALIS 22 (2003): 2

FIAPHXCKHE (19EJILETOHIDI MAPI4HbI LIBETAEB02

"CTPAXOBKA )KI43HH"

O. E. Pee3una

IlapiuKcime cpenbeToHm M. lbeTaeBoil ("Grpaxosxa }KH3H11" H "KliTaeH")

6bIJII4 orry6nlixoBaHLT B 1934 roRy B ra3eTe "FlOCJIeffilHe HOBOCTH". B THoptie-cTHe M. LbeTaersoù HeT Apyrilx HpHmepos o6panwHHR K Taxomy cmeniaH-Homy xyjko)KecTseHHo-ny6.3HHHcmnecxomy )KaHpy, KaKOBbIM HBJIHCTCR CPC-

1IbeT0H, HO C Heo6Nimoil RASI Hee THopilecxofi 3aRaneil UBeTaeBa cnpammacb monile Hpo(peccHoHaribHo: nepeR HaMH HenpvipmeHHoe, Hp0H14KHyT0e Hpo-HHeil nosecTHoHaHHe O ")KH3HeHIlbIX cnynasix" C OTHCTJIHBO BbIpa)KeHHOH "HO-

allglleir. IlapH)KcicHe chenLeToHm LbeTaeBoii. He npeAcTaRnsinll 6h1 oco6oro HHTepeca, eCJIH 6bI He Tpll momeHTa. BO-HepBbIX, HX rimasi HO3T, H 1103TH-

neciwe mbauneHme lbeTaeHoil coo6waeT TexcTam cemarrHnecKylo mHoro-11J1aHOBOCTb, xoTopylo cpesibeToH KaK )KaHp He npemianaraeT. BO-BTOpbIX,

">KH3HeHHbIe cnynaH" — 3TO ma.neHLKHe CHeHKH H3 HOBCegHeBH0F0 napH)Kcxoro 6hrra UseTaesoA, 'coup oHa — )KeHa, MaTb, gomoxoutwa BcTynaeT B 06LHe-

}me C ropo)KaHamH H Hpenle Hcero C HCKOHHbIMH ACHTeJIHMH Fiamma — cppaH1 y3amH. 14 HaKOHCH, B TpeTbm — TO, TITO 6bIlIO Ha3BaHO II03HHHeft: B

cio)KeTe, B xoHcpHrypaHHH nepcoHa)Kell, B SI3bIKe, B Alianorllnec Kilx cwyx-Typax "Hemygpsamx" CheRbeTOHOB SIBCTBeHHO HpocTynaloT KOnnH3HH 3aHag —

POCCHH — BOCTOK H nepeAmatme M. UseTaeHoil 3TOA KOJIIIH3HH.

B "CTpaxosKe )KH3HH" paccica3bmaeTcsi O BHOJIHe 6aHalIbHOM CO6bITHH — ripaxoge CTpaX0B0F0 areHTa. B coseTcxvie roghi B POCCHH Ha noRo6Hbill HpH-XOR OTKJIHKaJIHCb TaK: "O cTpax, O CTpaX, HpHmen I'occTpax!". To ecTE. — C

OgHOH CTOp011bI, Hmem Acri() C rocyRapcmom Bcerga HenpHsrrHo, c Apyroil —3T0 He OHaCHO, sce-TaKH cTpaxoBaHHe — BeLlAb Ao6posommia1, MO}KHO OTKa-

3aTbC51, H Hlinero He 6yReT. Ho B "CTpaXOBKe 3KH3FILI" pyccxam cemha — H

cppaHnyxxllil micnexTop. Ha 3TOM-TO noie lIseTaesa H BbicTpaHsaeT nor, B KOTOpOM HcxycHasi peneHasi cwaTerlim yroBapHBaHHR, ripHilmne)Kargasi cppaHnymxomy xxcnexTopy, pa3614BaeTcst O pyccxyto normxy "KJIHeHTa", a

128 0. F. PeHauria

nom4maHne nocTHraeTcH B HHOM KOHHCHTyaJILHOM HpocTpaHcme: B Hem HeT HH pycomx, HH chpaHHy30B, HH POCCHH, HH 3anana, a CCM. OTH0111e111451, cpop-mHpyembie nernumHoil 143 BCCX C13)13e11 — C135131,K) nepe3 po)KneHHe.

"CTpaXOBKa )1{1131114" — enaHcTBeHHoe 143 HBeTaCBCKHX Hpo3aHnecKux Hp0- 113BeBeHHH, B KoTopom HeT 3KCIII1 141.11ITHO 3aSIBJICHHOPO aBTOpCK0F0 "H". Tpe-Tbenirmax cpopma mapKHpyeT nucKypc KaK xyno)KecTBeHHbnI, HpeBpawaH "H"

B HepcoHa>Ka H comaBan B03 \10)KHOCTb imeumeil T0I1KH 3peHHH. HOBeCTBO-

BaHHC MO)KCT 6bITb pacKanpoBaHo non06Ho KHHemaTorpacimnecKomy cneHa-pino C TII1aTCSILHO HponymaHF[oft apaH>KupoHKoil 'canoe, 14 B HepHom 113 1 1HX

o6o3Hanenb1 coenimeHHbie pcincTsom cpkirypm: "OTC14, maTb, "PyCCK0-

4)paiiny3cKffe CBSI3H" HpocTynaioT B HepHom )1,{C BbICKa3b1BaHH14, 1160 cembn CCT, "CJIHBaH pyccKHil y>KHH C (PpaHHy3cKum 06CAOM B pHMCKOM canaTe" (V, 214 — B npoeKHHH HpaBocname — KaTOJIIPIeCTBO Hecnynaell, BO3M0>K110, H

"pHMCKHil canaT"). 1 H3 KynHHapHoro Kona pyccK0-tpaHuy3cKaz Tema nepe-HOCHTCSI B co6cTneHH0 H3b1K013011 — HeHommaHne B03IIHKaCT me)Kny maTephio H C1,1110M:

- MaMa, a KaKIAC chpaHHy3b] 061,1.116H61C — eapyr cKa3an Ma111,111K.

- 3'1'0 HC ctipaHHy3bi o6HnbHbie, 3'1'0 pyCCKIIC o6nnbHbie! — ropzuo cKa3ana maTb. — 14 Boo61ne, TaK cxopell npnHsrro roeopwrb O cTpaHax (V, 214).

Ou146Ky china, 063,2cHgemylo cxonHbim 3BynaHHem cl)paHny3cKoro habile H pyCCK0F0 "06HJIbHbIr1", M. IjBeTaeBa Ha3b1meT "C11013CCIILIM meTHcom",

Hcrionb3yB 3aHMCTBOBaHHOe 113 tpainv3cKoro >Ke CJIOBO "MeTlIC"

— "Ha3BaHHe noTomKa OT 6paKOB IlpeACTaBHMIC11 pa3HbIX nenoBeHecKmx pac". HTaK, cKpelmeaHme — "CJIHBalIFIe" pyccicoil 14 tpaHny3cK0il COCTa1111 5410111CH

TepHHT HpoBan KaK Ha ypomie 06bina1, TaK H 513bIKa, a B OTBeTHOil perunwe maTepH pa3enBaeTcH HHam BO3M0)KHOCTb — HpoTHBollocTaBneHH2. 1460 "06H.abHa", 6e3 COMI1e1114SI, onHa cTpalla — Ta, K KOTOpOil B3b1Ban H. A. He-

'Tacos: "TbI 14 y6ora1, TbI H 06HnbHaH, III H morynaH, III H 6eccHnbHasb MaTynna-Pycb!" 11o6aBHm, nT0 B OTHCCCHH14 K iIenoBeKy "061IJILIILIA" 03Ha-

gaeT HC CTOSIbK0 "60faTb111", CKOJIbK0 "114eRphIe H, Kpome TO1'0 — "HaneneH-HbH1 B Hpe136mTKe mem-nH6o", HpH 3TOM 110314THBHO ogeHm.HuoTcH 14 Te xa-paKTepncTHKH, KoTopme HpeAcTaBneHbi B npeH36bince, H cam (DaKT npeH3- 6biTKa. B cnenyloweil cHelle 3aBBneHHoe B nHanore coriono)KeHHe pycciclix 14

cppan1Iy30B OBCLHCCTBJIHeTCH — HOSIBIISICTCH cppaHlly3cKHil HHCHCKTOp.

C 3TC:d'O momeHTa B CMbICJIOBOH cnyKType TCKCTa HatatHaeT HrpaTb pOnb cama Kowl)HrypaHvia nepcolla;Kell 11 xapaKTep eC H3melleHHil. flpe)Kne tuieHbi

Bce ccbinKH Ha "CTpaxoeKy 71(113111,1" naFoTcA no 113)1aH1410: Mappma 14eeTaeea. Co-6paHHe CO‘IHFIeHHfi B cemn Tomax. TOM V. MocKea 1994.

17uptofccm1e clie.abemoubt M. L(Hernae(soli "Onpaxowea .W1131111 " 129

CeMbH 6LIII H IICK'HICJICI1b1 13 COOTBeTCTBIIH C HepapxHeil OTHOBCTI3a. Ho Ha "CTyK 13 itBepl," PHICT OTKpb1BaTb man, olia CTallOBIITC51 LICHTpanbl 10fi cpn-rypoil, B TO Bpemvi KaK OTCL II Chini npelipantitioTcn 13 6CCCJI013CCIILIX CTa-

THCT013. Man, H 11FICIICKTOp 3aropa>KimaioT gBepb (my>K Homilee TITO OH "KaK 13 3anawie cHgen"), HO TCN1 CaMbIM man, 13b1 HOTHISICT H poni, o6e-pera, KaK 6b1 3antillitavi =ineviori CeMbIl OT B0315,10)KII011 onacHocTiv. B C13010

0 1 1ef)CRI3 inicrieKTop riepBoilaiianbvio OKa3bIBUTC51 13 3iiiiagne ,iy>Koro "pyc-cKoro" npocTpaiicma ( "menzgy 06CIWIIHIAM CTOJIOM, 110CyJEHILIM CTO.TIOM, ra3om, IIJIHT0r1, paKeninHoil H cTyni,vimn o6cginouvivx" - V, 214), KOT0p0C °LINCIAMI-

CTCSI 13 MeTad)OpaX 'Tonami H mopcKoro IIpHJIHBa , TO CCTb B CBOK)

TaHT yrpo3y. Monnibi OMICHOCTII 6C3011aCHOCTII, cTpaxa / yBCpCHHOCTI1 o6peTaioT I 10B0e Bhipii>Keinve, 'corna MaTb, ribrravicb HgeviTvidnviivipoBaTh HC-

laKomip, gymaeT o "Sureté" H CJIbILIIHT OT iipinnegiviero "Assurance". B Kop-IICBOfi cemaiiTHKe 3T1IX C110B (nir. securus [se + cura] — " 6C3011aClibIfi, orpa>K-genffinil OT 011aCHOCTefi, CHOKOHHbIiI, HaRC>KHbIll" conemaTcx vinyntne OT pa-3yMa ripencTaBneirvivi O 3a6oTe, yl3CpellHOCTI4 11 3a1IjHIIjeHHOCTH. OHH

W-11'CH 13 pe3KOM KOHTpaCTC C TCM gyBCTBOM, KoTopoe 14CIMITLIBaCT maTb Ha3BaHvie KoToporo coviemurrcsi B pyCCKOM CJIOBC "C Tpax oma", moviziliem 13 Hanamve paccKa3a (Hanommim TaK>Ke o "cTpaxe Bonmem", TO eCTb "6na-ronecnni, 605131111 rpexa", cp. npuBogumyio )anem ligHomy "B KOM eCTL CTpax, 13 TOM eCTI, 11 Bor"). R.T151 infraTenvi cmbicnoBoe ripocTpaticnio paccKa3a He-06131K11013CHHO pacanipmeTcsi, H60 penti HgeT ynce O 3anaglioil H pyccKoVi Bepe, O divinococpvill HCTOp1111 H Cy11b6b1, 06 3THKC pan11011allbHOCTI4 H 3THKe ilyBeTBa.

OCHOBHyK) iiacTb paccKa3a cocTavinvieT AllallOr HIICIICKTOpa H maTepH, 13

KOTOpOM HIICHeKTOp, B 11011 1 10M COOTBETCTI3HH C IIMCIOLHCPICSI y Hen) nenbio, o6pauvaeTcsi K TaKTHKC yroBapilliaiiHvi. CB010 peneByio napTHlo HH-

ClIeKTOp 11p0BOAHT 6e3yKopH3Heiiiio ("TO‘I 1 IO FOB0p51 ripePicKypaHT", TiyMaeT

MaTb HOCJIC ero yxoga), HO Ha Ka>KJEIOM KoiiKpeniom mare ero TaKTVIKa RaeT

C6014 143-3a "iienpaminibix" H He OTH005111114XCH K cyrn Rena Bo3panceinvil MaTepH. BOJICC T OTO , 3T11 Bo3pa>Keinvz IlpHBORSIT K TOMY, SITO HIICIICKTOp

OTKa3b1BaCTCS1 OT 13 131110J111eHHH cny>Ke6Horo gonra, Ho IIpH 3TOM yX0)1111T 143

goma BHOJIHC ygovinemopeitHwil gOCTIIFIlyTbIM novivimatillem. PHTMWICCKa53

Kpvniasi peileBoB TaKTHK11 HonytiaeT HKOHWICCKOC Bbipa)Keime KaK B ripo-CTp aHCTBe HHbl X KOHCIWYpaB1451X, TaK H B gpyrvix 3HaKax Heriep6anbrioi3 ce-MHOTHKII. HCXOTB-10 "cna6avi" KOMMYTIFIKaTVIBHaa HO 3HBVISI vnicneKTopa COOTHO-

CHTCSI C TCM, 'ITO marHyB B KyX1110, "MOJIOROP1 ge.TIOBeK...CTaJI...0):1H0(4 HOFOH,

rrepeKviHyB nepe3 Heé wropylo, neBylo" (V, 213); B cepegvme givanora, Korga vmcneKTop HapauulivaeT TaKTHKy yroviapHriarmil, paccnviTbiriavi Ha eé ycrieni-HOCTb, OH 11p0H3HOCHT CBOK) per-111141(y, "ymep>Kgavicir, Ha Hore" (V, 215); 6ninvinieecst cpHacKo coriposmKgaeTcsi Hapyinermem paBHoBecHH: "Pyc-

130 0. r. Pee3uHa

CKHC HcerAa TOB0pHT `HeT', 3aAymimHo cKa3m mosioRoil ilenoBeK, (mica-'111BaSICI, B KOJICHSIX" (V, 216); H, HaKoHen, moimAoil neHOBCK npHo6peTaeT HOTC111114a111.HyM yCTOIIIIHBOCTE. B MbICIISIX repoHHH HO epe TOPO, KaK OHa ne-permArrr CIITyaIIHK) OCP141H1aJlbH0F0 06meHrm B rocTeHylo: "Hy)KHo npeg-.TIONCHTb CeCTB, B KOTOpidi pa3 MCJIbKHy110 y 11Cé B FOJ10Be, BC;Ib ceipmc 3T0

FOCTb, HO KyAa HOCTaBHTb CTyJI?" (V, 217). B CB010 otiepegb JjliR repoHm4 3HaiIHM nepexo H3 cTaTimecKoil 1103~14 B AHHamwiecKyro, KoTopag B Ilpeg-

ABeppm KyJIbMHHaH1414 O6peTaeT Hrm Hpsimoil "Teneph BbI 3TO ['OBOI:114TC

B TpeTHil pa3! — H30pHanacr, manogasi )KeHmmia, y)Ke Kypil H Hgsr npsimo Ha Hero H 3THM How3opm1 ero B Kyxmo" (V, 214-215). KypeHHe TaloKe HrpaeT oripegesieHHym POJIb B pa3BHTHH KOMMylIHKaTHB1101i CHTyaHHH: "11epCX0R51 B

gpyryio KomHaTy 3a HanHpocamH" (V, 215), repomm o6pamaeTcH "3a cHnaMH nomcpenneHH2" B TOPI cpa3e Ananora, KoTopast HenocpeAcTHeHHo npewHecT-13yeT "nopa)KeHHIO" vlcHeicropa; co6Hpagcb Hpemo)K14Th micneKTopy Harm-pocy, oHa oTmenaeT Hanano HOBOF0 'rima o61Uemm, OCHOBaHHOTO Ha B3aHMO-

HOHI4MaHHH. ,11(OCTH)KCIIHC B3aHMOHOHHMaHH51 H CTallOBIITC51, CO6CTBCHHO FO-

Bopsi, rammoil TCMOH paccKa3a-chenbeToHa.

}-114KaKOH KOHTaKT IICB03M0)KeH 6e3 o6mero KORa-513bIKa. HaqaBLIIHCb B

Arm.nore maTepH H cbma, "npoBerma KoRa" npoRon>KaeT ce6s1 B KommyHliKa-THimbix xoRax micHeicropa:

BbI, Ka>Kercst, He HOFIHMaeTe HO-cIppaH14y3CK11,— ocHegomuncx OH [...1.

O HeT! — HocKnw(Hyna mam, 3aHeTam 3a m(HHoe n OT 3Toro, HetieTHHTenbHo, cm(Heam. — Mbl 01'11~0 HOHHMaeM (V, 214).

14 HpH Hm6ope 143 ImeHoH cembn OHTVIMalIbI1Oil clulrypbi AJISI neperoHopors, imcneKTop pyKoHogcmyeTcH 3HaHHem (tpamv3cKoro 513F,1Ka:

Boo6we 6yjiy r0B0pHTb C BaMH, noTomy wro Baw eyripyr HMCCT BHR He noHH-maioakero no-dppamAy3eKH (V, 215).

Y6eAm3umeb B TOM, TITO "o6paTHa1 CB343b" ReilcmyeT, HHcrtmerop Heme-Tmemm ripHHomiT B RefACTBHC CBOC HHAeHme KOMMy1111KaTHB11011 arryaHHH H

nprIcTynaeT K peamH3aHHH cemaHTHgecKoii cTpaTerim yroHapimam42. 2 Me>mky

Tem RASI MaTepH ono30axlle KOMMyHI4KaTHBHOtit CHTya111414 OKa3b1BaCTCH OT-

cponeimbim. B eé Kone6ammx OTHOCHTelIbH0 ripmnenbga H Herm ero BR 3I4Ta

yraRbmamTcz cogllanmiasr, IIIIIIHOCTIla% H ncrixonorimecKaA COCTaBJ1S1101Alle.

CoullanbHaz courammomasi onpeRe.rmeTca AocTaTonHo neTKo: 3T0 11 cTpax

"maneHbKoro nemoBeKa" nepeA JIK)6011 BflaCTb10, H 110AbICKHBaHlle CO6CTIle11-

2 O cemaHTHHecKoll cwaTermi yroHapHHafunz H xapaicrepH3yrouffix ed 'I'aK'I'HKax CM.

I4ccepc O. C. KOMMyHliKaTHBHbIC cTpaTerum H 'I'aK'I'HKH pycc}coil peHH. MOCKBa 2002.

17uptimcKue dienhemoubi M. Lleernae6oli "CmpaxoaKa Jiat3Hti" 131

lIbIX comanumix nperpeuieHml, KoTopme onpaBRanvi 6h1 Hommel-me bnicneK-Topa ("Hanor! — MLICJICHHO npon3Hecna OHa. — A Be)I,b 'Legami° BlIOCHIIH..." —

V, 213), npbriem BCC 3T0 ycHneno co6cTBenHoil 6CCIIpaBHOCTLK) B

cTpaHe: "H 3a '1T0 >Ke Hac apeCTOBblBaTb, HaKOHCH?" (V, 213). Oco6BnI mi-'I'epeC npeRcTaangeT n uMHOCTHaH cocTaBnsnolgan. B HefI ecTL aBTo6Horpaclm- HeCKni1 14 HCHX0110FilneCKHPI KOMHOHCHTbI. ECJIH BC110MHHTb TO, TITO npoucxo- RHno c CepreeM 3(1)poHom B 30-me roRB1, ynopiioe monnaHne my>Ka B "CTpa- XOBKe 7KI131 I 14", H36eraioinero BcTynam B KOHTaKT C KaKHM-IIHKaKIIM, HO Bce-TaKH npeRcTaBHTenem BnacTH, paBHO KaK 1303HHK111/12 13 CO3HaIl H H maTepn MLICI1b 06 apecTe peTpOCIICKTIIBHO o6peTaioT Rpyrori — H 311013e1IIIII1 CMbICJI.

FICHX0.11011‘IeCKH11 aCIICKT, cnpoebulpoBannbiù B HBeTaeBcKoe TB0pneCTBO, CO-CTOHT B cneRyKlinem. B clo)KeTe C cpparmy3cKprm HHCHCKTOpOM BOCI1p011 3-

Bom4Tcsi cHTyawisi, mHoroxpamo npeRcTaBneimax B no3max M. L1BeTaeBoil: nomBnemle My)K,IHIIbI, C KOTOpb1M cBnalla cemaHTHKa nenpeRcKa3yemocTH. BOT KaK ormcbmaeTcyl HpHxoR nHcHeKTopa:

B 3Ty ceKy(wy pamaacH cTyK B ;wepb [...1. Ha flopore, 13 I 10JIHOi1 Tbme III10-

Lnajum, CTOSIJI KTO-TO 0 ,1C1-16 BbICOKIiii, C umana) 13 pyKe (V, 214).

3TO onHcaHne CJIOBHO CO6paHO 143 (1>parmenToB, pacceannmx no HO3MaM. B "lIapoRee" — "Y>Ke BbixoRHT H3 nepeRHefi!" (III, 6), B "1-1o3me KoHna" — "CmepTh ne >KReT. flpeyBenHnelmo nnaBeH fnHHbl B3.3eT" (III, 31), 13 "H03-

Me Bomyxa" — 3'1'0 H "RBepb", H "CTyK", n "cTozBunni", KoTopbibi "Emn 110110H

TeprieHmi. KaK FOCTb, 3a KOTOpLIM 3HaK Xo3H11KH" (III, 137). 34ech MO>K110

1 la110MHHTL, 1 1TO B "CTpaXOBKe ›KH311H" maTb — xo3HI1Ka Roma B KaK011-TO

MOMelIT HaHHHaeT BocnpuHvimam inbcneKTopa KaK rocTH, a B camom rocTe 113

"II03Mb1 Bo34yxa" BI4ASIT BecTima cmepTH, IIIICIICKTOp )Ke TOJILKO H 3a1Ilma-eTCH Tem, nTo paccKa3mBaeT O pa3n1Lnibix cmepTmx. HaKoneg, HaRo CKa3aTb

O "KpbICOJIOBC. MaTh, cnyulaH nHcneKTopa, HeripaBunmo nneHHT (1>paHHy3- cKylo 3ByKOBy10 nem 14 npurnbchnimeT emy TaKylo (1>pa3y: "51 B

"51 )Ke BaM CKa3aJI: H npoxo>Ky B HmenbmoH", "51 npoxo>Ky B H10-

CJIbM011" (V, 214). BOT TaK — FIOR 3ByKH — roBopHT 11.11 H 110CT O ce6e KpmconoB: "Hpoxo>Ky, Focno>Ky CBOIO — My3b1cy CJIaBJ1 10" (III, 70). 14 13

3TOM CBeTe Ka>KeTCSI ne TOJILKO TO, TITO Bce HcTopHH, paccKa- 3ammie HHCIICKT0p0M, C13513a1ILI CO CMCpTb10 Ho H TO, nTO cpameHHe ReTbMil 110SIBII 51eTC54 npn nepBom )KC npeRcTaBneHHH Hncnewropa:

BOT MOH KapTcma, — npoHon*an MaTIOR011 MC.11013eK, 110)1H0051 K CC rnaaam H

Tyr *e oT H14X omimam (TaK ACTSIM Ha ceKyfwy FlOKa3b1BaMT aaanaummil "ciop- np(ta"...) (V, 214).

BOKpyr MOTHBa, OTHOCSILLIeFOCSI K npnxoRy my>KHHHBI, TaK H.1111 (filane BH-

FaeT III06013b ("BpoRe 1.11npa3a weHHoro" B "Kpb1C0.11013e" — III, 76), nocne

132 0. F. PeHmmu

yxoga micriewropa MaTb TaKH,:e 3agymbmaeTcH O COCTORBLLICMCS1 pa3roHope Hpoexgrm "myxemila — xceiniuma":

)1(BanuaTH LLICCT14 J1CT, 6yRy 3 11,1 BbICOKLIM, xpacimbim, Ha co6c113eFIHblí1 133F.TIAR, JJa

H Ha Bcei nappoxeKoil ynHim Brnsin, — BeoTpa3ambim, paccKa3b1BaTb He

cu'apoil CLL3C, *emiume, — na H BOBCC M0110) 30Ú BO TbMC KopaRopal... (V, 219).

(OTMCTHM B 3TOPI C1351311 3ameman11e M. Mac.n000ii: "...60.TIBLIIVIIICT130 mmonni, 13 KOTOpLIX B TCIICITHe me t!' >K1131114 13,11I0611 HnaCb M.UBCTaCBa, (51,1.11 H BecbMa 11pHBneKaTeJlbilbl

PITax, HuHmonpoinmaemourb xygo)KecTHeimoro 11 6HorpacpmecKoro cxypca oxpy.)KaeT HprIxog ruicHeieropa KOMIlneKCOM HrrrepTexcTyagmmx CMLI-

CITOB (JI1060Bb H cmepTH, cTpax H Hage)Kga), BMeCTe H HO OTgenbHOCTH B3aH-

moRcilcTByioluvix C Henpegcxa3yemocTmo — Heripegcica3yembim xogom CO6b1THil.

B HC110.3b30BaillIOH Hncriewropom cemarminecKoil TaKTHKC yroHapHHanHa B

KalleCTBe OCHOBIL0F0 aprymeHTa Bb1111311FaCTCSI HenpegcKa3yembH1 O. C. Hccepc 13141C.TIBCT cpegH yCnOB11r1 yroHapHHaHHH TaK Hammaembie

ripegycnoHHH, Cy1HHOCTIlble ycHOBH51, ycnorme HCKpCIIHOCTH H ncHxoriormne-cKoe (gonoinn4Tenb1ioe) ycnome. 4 ara coHoKynHocTis B HonHom o6-beme npegcTaaneua B KommyrirwaHHH memzgy MaTepbIO H micriewropom. B CBMOM geme, Hanrwo ripegycnoHHH: inicnexTop npegnomaraeT, TITO CeMbil (B .1114He maTepH) "13 COCTOHHI'IH COBeplIIHTb RePICTBHC", 5 TO CCM 3aK.1110,IHTb g0F0B0p O

cTpaxorlaHHH, HpH 3TOM agpecaT "He pacriono)Ken (He FOTOB) 11p0H3BOBI4Tb

geticTHHe HO c06cmemomy )1<enaHmo"; 6 micnewrop TITO B ero HH-

Tepecax 3aCTaBl4Tb MaTb 3acTpaxoHaThcH, "110 3Ta yeTaHOBKa Ile Hcerga ge-moricTpHpyeTcH" H IICHeKTOp0M. 7 TaK*C BbIHWITISHOTC51 H cyrwlocTimie ycno-1114H: 06pargemle HHcriewropa “npegcTaangeT co6oil HOHLITKy 3aCTaBHTb" pyc-cxyro cembio 3acTpaxoHaThcH 8 npri 3TOM vilicneierop "ctirmeT, Irro Heo6xo-Armo HeKoTopoe KOMPPICCTBO aprymeHT0H (111160 HX HOBT0p) gasi TOPO, TITO6b1

ROCTFIqb gene. 9 C nom-1mm ccHoBaHHeM MO*H0 FOB0p14Tb H O Bb111011HCHH11

)7C.T1013H51 HcKpelmocTH: HHcheicrop "cgliTaeT (11JIH genaeT Hllg)", tuo ARSI CeMbH

3 MacnoBa M. MoTHE3 pOneTBa 13 TBopgeeme Mapimbi LI,BeraeBoli. Open 2001, c. 66.

4 I4ccepc O. C. KommyHmKaTz3Hble eTpaTerim H TaKTHK11 pyCCK011 peqm, c. 149.

5 TaM *e. 6 TaM *e.

7 TaM *e.

8 TaM )1(e.

9 TaM *e.

17apumcKue die.nhemorthi M. L(eemacHoii "CinpaxoHKa diel13H11" 133

t` Henecoo6pa3Ho H xopoum" 3acTpaxonaTbest. 1 " HHcneKTop BCCMH CnnaMii

errapaeTcm enegonaTb TaK>KC neHxonorrmeeKomy yenonmo, cocTosunemy B

TOM, 'ITO FOB0p5I11111fi H egymaloumn "ne )I OJI>KH1,1 HaX011HTbC31 B COCT0511111H

KOHCILpOHTaII1414". 11 Y6eLIHBIIIHCb B IICB03M0>KHOCTH BCTy1111Tb B nermcpeg-eTBeHIILIÙ KOIITaKT C my>Kem, HIICIICKTOp eocpegoTannnaeT CBOH ye11111151 Ha maTepH H 13b1611paeT KOMMylIHKaTI1B1IbIll XOR "aneggsnum K Ka'IeCTBaM HapT-nepa", COCTOSILLIHII B "BbIge.TICHHI1KageeTH cnymaromero, KOTOpbIC HO3B0115110T

emy Bb1110JIHHTI, TO, K qemy ero CKJIOIISICT FOBopsinuni". 12 C'HemulmKy en-Tyamm 01IpC)LCJIRIOT TO, TaKHM11 "KamecTnamn" bbicTynaioT ne co6cTnen-HO JIWIHOCTIlble, a cormanmibie xapaKTepHeTHKH, H 3gech HHCIICKTOp npo-nnnsieT qygeca CJIOBCCIIOi1 3KB11:1116p11CTHKH, IlepCBOLH1 BbICKa3b1Ba111451 napT-Hepa B cMcpy CBOHX mrrepecon. He paC1103Han c1)pamry3cKym (f)pa3y 11pC)11110J10>KHB, 'ITO nepeg Hen 6e3pa6oTnbul, maTb gymaeT: "Hy>KHo gaTh" (V, 214) n naimHaeT: "Mbi ne oileHb 6oraTbi" (V, 214), 13 oTneT Ha 'ITO H11-

cneKTop Hemegnemm nammyeT: "TaK 3T0 11MeHHO )11J131 6egHb1e!" (V, 214) H Ambirle HapaumnaeT HOBTOp-1111COHa3M: "3TO HMCHHO J1J151 Hemmymnx, >Krmy-LI1HX TpygamH pyK CBOHX" (V, 214); "...60JILLIIC mero eTapaiocb 3aHHTepe-COBaTb CBOHM npegno>KeHHem HMCIIII0 magommymnx, >K14BylLIHX Tpygamil pyK" (V, 214); "HTaK, 33.0 HMCHHO Ha>Kno g.T151 >Kin-357mm Tpygom CBOHX pyK" (V, 215). CxogHbim o6pa3om 3asmneHne maTepH "MbI )1011>KI1b1 nepee3>KaTb da gpyryio KHapTHpy" (V, 216) Bb13bIBaCT HemegneHHylo peammio: "Ho moe npegno>KeHHe KaK pa3 H paccAnTaHo Ha rum, nepee3>Kammix Ha gpyryio KBapTHpy" (V, 216). KpoMe colmami:moro, micneKTop o6pamaeTen H K ce-mdmomy 110J10>KeHHIO: Tp11>K)LLI OH nbrraeTen BHYUIHTb maTepH MbICJIb O B03-

MO>KHOCTH "noTepH Kopmngbna", pe3OHHO npegnomaran, TITO TaKOBLIM gon>Ken

6bITb My>K: "IlpegeTanbTe ce6e, Madame, 'ITO Bbl nmeeTe HeenaeTbe noTe-

psrrb CBOC1'0 my>Ka..." (V, 215), "H ecgH 6b1 BN, Madame, 11Mel1H HeegacTre,

JIHIIIHTbC51 CBOCI'O Nlywa..." (V, 215), "...51 BOBCC FIC XOTCJI cKa3aTb, TITO BbI

HermemeHHo HOTepSICTC cnoero mywa... (V, 215). HpHnogyi — no ngoxHo-

Belano 111111 HO 3ariennomy TeKeTy — ">KH311e11HbIe HpHmepri", micneKTop TaK-

>1(C "nrpaeT Ha 110BbILLICHHC " , ynegHimnan qHcgo ocTaiouliucst ReTeil - cllpoT Hcxogn 113 marffilecKoro quena "Tpn": "14 OCTaLIeTeCb ORIla C Tpemz masioneT-

M1M0 geTbMH, MJILIALLIFIM — rpyglimm" (V, 215), "51 3Hal1 oguy >KeHumHy, y Hee 6bmo mecTepo manoneTimx geTen, H Kol71a eé my)K ynag co eTponKH..." (V,

215). HHCIIeKTOp BIWIT B maTepH "yenenmoro, 110 3aBpaBLuerocz yneinfica"

1() Tam >Ke.

Il Tai *e. 12 Tam ACe, c. 153.

134 0. T. Pe831111a

(KaK 6yRTO HO KacaTenbnoil 31_(eCb BCHJIbIBaCT nbeca 3. HOHCCKO "YpOK", 1 3

HO H B camom gene (lICJIbeTOH UBeTaeBo — 3T0, B KaKoil-To cTenenn 14011e-

CK0 g0 H011eCKO, — H TaM H 3gecb — Kpax KOMMyHIIKaIIHH H a6cypg), H gawe B

cambin KylIbMHHaIIHOHHbIft MOMCHT, TO CCTb nepeg chaKTHneCKHM npn3nannem cnoero nopa)Kennn, OH npogomxaeT OTCTaI4BaTb na.nwine KOMMyIIHKaTHBHOTO

coTpygnnnecTsa: "Ra, He nacTo MCHSI HOHHMaIOT, KaK BbI, Madame. H, IITO6bI

BO3BpaTHTLCSI K cwaxome..." (V, 216). Tal" o6pa3oM, nncneKTop — npo-checcnonan cHoero gema, KoTopmik, ognaKo, He gocTnraeT CBOeii num. B nem

npninma?

YTOB0pb1, TEK ›xe KaK H y6e)Kgennn, HCHOSIb3y1OT K pa3yMy, K KaTeropnRm "HOJIb3a — BO3M0>KHaA "anennzmn K nyHeTHam, OTHO-

LueHmm mem<gy napmepame 14 B pa3roHope lincnewropa H maTepn B npnmom BHge HCKJIMIaCTCH, HOCKOJIbKy 3TH RIOJEIH HC3HaKOMbI mexcgy co6on. Mogenn OKa3bIBalOTCSI negeficTbeimbimn: Ha pa3ym OTBenaCT nyBcTHo, "nonb3a" OT-BepraeTcn. BOT npogonAcenne pa3roHopa O my>xe, ynanmem co cTpofixn:

— Ox!, — BcKpincHyna OH2 cogporamcb oT aToro y*acHoro BPIRCHHH. — KaKOH

y)Kac! C BbICOKa ynan? - pa, c cefibmoro, - nonmepiiiin unneKTop, ymepniasicb Ha BTopoii Fiore, H A

caM Bbnian e41 npemmi.o. Bbl nymaeTe — oHa He 6bina paga? - KaKoil y)Kac! BTOpWIH0 H COBceM no-npyromy BOCKMAKHylla cnyinaTenbmina.

— KaKon y*ac — panocrb geHbram! (V, 215).

"Ywacnoe imgenne", "yxcac" / "paga", "pagocTb" — gEsa npoTm3onono)K-11bIX BOCIIpHSITHH, KoTopme mcoKno 6bulo 6bI CI3513aTb C pa3HbIMH HOCTH. ORHaK0 Tnpaga "cnyniaTenbnnum" HO noHogy BO3M0>KHOII cmepTH my-)Ka CTaBHT nce Hag i:

— Cnyinakre! — BOCKJIHKby.fla oHa. — BbI ynce BO wropoil pa3 roBopwre MHC

cmepTH my>Ka. 3TO npurnBHo. Y HUG TaK He nenanyr, ripm >KHROM. MbI — HHO-

cipambi, A iia)Ke BaM cKancy, 'no MbI pyCCKIIC, [...1 pyccKne CBOHMH yuiamn Ta-KNX BC111,C11 C.HblWaTb He moryr, pyccKiie moryr CJIbIlllaTb TOJIbK0 npo Co010

cmepTb. )11a! (V, 215).

I4TaK — ;rine KapTHHbl mnpa, gna pa3nb1x mnpoHo33pennH: "PyccKne Hcerga TOBOM "IICT" (V, 216), HO OHbITy nncnewropa. 3To pa3genenne OTHCCCHO K

yporsmo FelleTWICCKOTO Koga:

13 O nbecax 3. HOHCCKO CM. PeB3nHa O. 1'., PeB3HH H. 14. CeMHOTH ,leCKH11 3KeriepH-

MeHT Ha cneHe (Hapyinewie nocTynaTa HopmanbHoro 06u1,eHna KaK i1pamaTyprii4e-CK1411 npitem // Tpyiibi no 3HaKOBbIM citeremam. V. TapTy 1971.

14 1:1aHHble monenn aprymerrralinn BbIRe.TIACT O. C. I4CcepC (c. 151).

17aptoiccieue Oeithernonhi M. Lfremae6o6 "CmpaxmiKa All31111" 135

— Ho mut 6b1 Monsieur cam 3aerpaxoBan cnoio? — HI4 4y)K4IX, HH CBOHX, aro y Hac He H Kporni... (V, 216).

Ba3oBasi KaTeropmi, .ne)Kawasi B ocHoBe nporrimonocTaBneHmm, Ha3BaHa maTepmo:

— Mbl He 6OHMCH riaRammix ucachon, — 'mem) cKa3ana OHa, — Mb!, KOHeHHO nce nenaem ami TOPO 'ITO6bl0lin He nanam, Ho Koraa [mari) — nanae'r, aro — cyRb6a, nowimacre? TaK nam errnerwr Ka>KRIDI pyccKilú (V, 216). 15

H noanHee, Hnerrrri(IJ4Hripyg ce654 C "nmplinecKlim noxoneHnem", MaTb

11130143BOWIT camoripeaeBTaHmo pyccimx, bicxogn 113 euponefIcKoll TO'IK11 apeHHH H onHoBpemeHHo HpHaHaBam eé:

Mbl — "cairrnmeirrammte", "cyenepHbie", "clpanyincimi", BbI, HauepHoe, y)Ke o6 3'l'OM emanami? Hp° arre slave? (V, 216).

Gloria "chaTym", "ctiaTammibiti", "cpaTanricT", "(1)aTanH3m" BOCXORHT K na-THHCKOMy fatum, cpein 3HaneHHH KOT0p01.0 — "C110130, Hapeneime, BOng, npn-roBop 6orou", a TaK>KC "pOK, cynB6a, y'IacTb". 16 PyccxHil H eBponeilcxml BUJIHR Ha cynB6y — B MCM 11X paanwme?

KoHgenT CyRb6b1 OTHOCHT K KII 10 11C13b1M pyCCK0Ù meHTanb- HOCTH. T. B. Bymbirmia H A. R. 111MWICB BK1110 ,1a1OT CI10130 "cygb6a" B COCTaB

JICKCHKH, 13 KoTopoil oTpa)KaeTcH "pyccKaz gynia" H pyeciadi Ha1IHOHaJ11,11bI6

xapaKTep, OTRWHITC.TIMILIM14 nevramll KOT0p0F0 HBJIZIOTC51 "TC1I CHIUHH K

KpailHocTam (Bce HnH 1111 ,1CF0), 31■101114011a1ILHOCTL, ou(yuleime HenpencKa-3yeMOCTI1 )1043H11 H Ile)10CTaTOgIIOCTH JI0FIlneCKOF0 11 paiiiloilanbrioro noTkxoga K

HC6, [...j, TeHnem(Hz K IIaCCHBHOCTH 1111 H na)Ke K clmTann3my, o(HymeHH.0 HerrogxonnomniocTH )KH3HH -, 1e.nobenecKHm ycHnium". 17 flonnepKHBaeTcsi,

TITO CJIOBO "c3u(B6a" nmeeT 6onee BbICOKy10 nacTury yrurrpe6neHHH, nem ero

15 Flanaanumfi niKacl) marepnann3yerca B pomalie ",11,oKbop AKimaro" B. HacrrepHaKa B Lume pyxHymnero cTapiniiloro rapnepo6a B cembe npo(heccopa FpoMCKo. "Bmeere nocKamn, rpoxHyrainimm Ha BOA, ynana Ha cramy H AHHa 1113aHOBHa H 60.abH0 pacai-6nacb" (FlacrepHaK Bopuc. >MA Bar°. MOCKBa 2000, c. 82). HaneHne rame- po6a m:Acni-meg' Ha‘lallbHbIM 3BCHONI 13 113 KOTOpbIX CKIlaRbIBaCTCA

cym6a repoen: AHHa Hnailoma ymnpaer, IOpHÌ1 )KHBar1 >KCHPITC51 Ha e2 nouepli ToHe,

BHHOBHHK ripomcwecTistul ABOpH14K MapKen "nowen B ropy" (e. 546), ero ppm Ma-

pNNKa 'rpe'rbe6, HCBCH'IaHHOli KCHON 10pHz Aiinpeenniia, 'repnH N riponimi

emy "Kanpiribi onycimiswerocsi 14 co3Ha1Om1,ero cime nagenne ilenoneKa" (c. 550).

16 IllalmlicKo-pyccKilii cnonapb. MOCKBa 1949, e. 361.

17 Bynialina T. B., Illmenen A. gabIKOBaSIKoinienTyanivimuim mnpa (Ha marepna-

ne pyccKOli rpammaTuK0). MricKna 1997, e. 481.

136

O. r. Pe(33111-1a

allanorH B 3ananHoeHponeficKrix 543bIKaX 18 H "coenwineT B celie nHe KnFOiICBbIC

HACH pyccKoil 513b1K0B011 KapTinibi mHpa: melo HenpencKa3yemocTH 6ynyuRero H HACK), B COOTBCTCTBH14 C KOTOpOù -rICJIOBCK He KowrponHpyeT nporicxonsliume C HHM CO6b1TH51". 19 CylgeCTBHTC11bH0e "cynb6a" HmeeT nHa 3HalICH1454 Ii, COOT-

BeTCTBCIIII0, BO3T11aBJ151eT ABa pa3J114 ,HibIX CHHOHI4MVPICCKHX cyòb6a, y‘tacmb, xpe6iai - "co6brrHn ribe6 -nH6o >K113HH" — cyòb6a, poK, Oamy.m,

ffioprnyna - "TainicTHellHaR cena, onpenensuoman CO6bITI151 111,Ci3-JI1460 >KH-

31114 ,, . 20

B 3ananHoeHponelicKofi KynbType Tema CyAb6bI OTHIOAb He o6ofigeHa BHHMaHHCM — 1114 B Teonorm HH B (1)HJI0C0(t)H11, HH B >KHBOTIHCH, HH B CJI013e-

CHOCTH. 3Homowno B3F.TISIA0B Ha C:yAb6y B 3anagiro6 14HBHJIH3a1HIH ripocne->KnHaeT }K. )11emom0. 21 B SI3bMeCTBC CyAb6a (Tioxe, cDopTyria) — BbI3b1-

muoigasi cTpax H nowreime "lienocTommasi H orlaci-ma X03SIIIKa >K03HCIIHbIX

yneno13", B xpucTllaiicTBe "B mv[pe, coaRalmom BoroM — BOTIJIOLIACHHCM pa3yMa" HCT mecTa cnynalo, 1103TOMy CyAb6a — 3T0 "npyroe HMA HCKyLIICHITH H 311a". 22

RBC npoTHHopenanwx npyr npyry KoHnerwm4 Cynb6bi cocywecTHyloT Ha IlpOTSDKCIIHH MII0F14X BeK0B, noariaa MHOPOKpaTHOC nepeocmmeneHne B

COOTHeCCHHH C 13.11aCTLIO, upemeHem, HC06X0AHMOCTIAO, CB060Aal BOJIH, my-npocumo, 11CJI0BerICCKHM 6eCCH1111eM 14 nenoHenecKlim morymecTsom; B Hpo143- BegelIHSIX RalITC H FleTpapiar, BoKanno, MaicHaBensm, MOIITe1151 H IIIeK

campa; B meTacpopax H nepcoHadnuanHax, anneropHsix H

3m6nemax. Mbl npHxonHm K aeo*Haamiomy shisoay: B TIOHHMaHHH cyab6bi KaK

"TaHHCTBeHHOti CI4J1b1" HIIKaKOF0 oco6oro pa3nW11151 me)Kgy pyCCKHM 14 3anan-Hb1M MCHTWIIITCTOM IIC ycmaTpHaaeTcz.

06 3TOM FOB01)SIT H moAe.all cygb6m, BblACJICHHbIe H. ,r]. ApyT10110B0f1 14

paccmoTpeHHbie elo Ha pyccKom maTepHane: "RaacTb, npeAoripeAensuolgaa >K143Hb nemoseica, MO>KCT HpHHHmaTb pa3Hbie 06JIHKH: PacripenenHTensb

18 Tam *e, c. 488-489.

19 WMeneB A. R. Pyccioni SlabIK H BHe5131,1K013a54 RekTBIlTellbHOCTb. MOCKBa 2002, c. 460.

2° TaM *e. O cnotie "crtb6a" 14 KouttenTe cyii661,1 CM. Taioice: Wierzbicka A. Se-mantics, Culture, and Cognition: Universal Human Concepts in Culture - Specific Configuration. N. Y. 1992; Pagwetickasi T. B. C110B0 Cyib-dia B COBpeMeHHbIX KOH-

TeKeTax // .TIorpmecKmil anann3 SlablKa. KyllbTypHble K04114CFITbl. MOCKBa 1991; WMCJICB

A. ,111. MeTa(hopa cyabObl: npeaoripeaeneane HJIB cHo6oRa? // 1101453THe cyjtbObi B KOH-

Texcre pa3HbIX Kysturyp. MOCKBa 1994. 21 Remomo )KaH. FPEX n CTPAX B gmitunt3aLitim 3anaita (XIII — XVIII HeKa).

EKaTepuH6ypr 2003, c. 199-220. 22 TaM DKe.,c. 200- 201.

HapumcKue cfie.nbemonbt M. LIHernaewni "CmpaxoHKa 31C1131111" 137

Hrpoxa, Pexurceepa, 3aHmoHaBria, Cyribir". 23 ,TICI'KO BHJ1eTh, nTo Bce 3TH CliC-Hapkm cyrig6b1 Hponricaiigi B eriporierreicori KyJlbType. Ra H 11 O l'OB0pOlThbIn

(Doirri, runiomanixa CB14ileTellbCTBylOT 06 06111HOCTH iipeAcTaBgeHHH O cyirg6e B

pyccxoNt 14 co3HaHHH. 24 Remomo HaHOMHHaeT IlaTHFICKy10 Il O-roBopxy: Ducunt volentes fata, nolentes trahunt — "flocnyurrioro cyggia BeireT, yrinparourerocH TaurriT" 25 H 13 iipyrom MeCTC 111)11130AFIT Taxue ctipainry3cxne 110F0B0pK14: "Cyirb6a BHe31111I1 O nenoBexa BO3BbIlllaeT. HOTOM mrHoBeinio ry6HT H yHruKiteT", "Cygg6a nepemeimnBa, CTIOI3 I IO mylia — ceroriiiir CBCTJIa, a 3aBTpa TCMHa", "CyBb6a criena H oc.nerinneT Tex, KTO C iiefr", "HCT CHJIbl

Taxa', nTo6 6opoTgcH C CYilb6On", "HpoTHB Cyggeigi yKJI0I1n11B011 ne CM-Lgetub 110B03K14 ycToriiirmoir. 26 He FOB0p51 O TOM, irro BCC ciieirappm cyrig6gi, Ha3Bainigie H. R. ApyTionoBofi, o6ecile9eiibi 13 pyCCKOM 513b1KC yCTOWIFIBb ► MI1 ribipa>meiiimmir (Haripirmep, KO6apHafl, 3Jlaii , ycecinoKasi cyòb6a, cyòb6a-3r10-

òe11Ka, cyòb6a lapaeni U6.11066K0.114 H Hp.), MO>K1 IO BC110M1 I 11Th TaKHe, npriBo-Brimbie RaneM HOCJIOBFIUhI, KaK BCJIKafl cyòb6a c6yòettics1, BCRKally ceo.n

cyòb6a, Cyòb6a pytcu C6fIX6111, 0111 cyòb6bl ne yriòellib FI Hp. Bo3mox(no, moriemb Cyirb6gi KaK Cy)L11,14 14 ripegonperierieiniocTu B 6OJIhIHCÌi

CTelIeH11 6.innica pyccicomy co3Haiiino BCJICACTBHC Toro, wro cyò, cyòbsi

cyòb6a — 3T0 crioBa °moro KOpl 151 H Bor ecTb e111111CTBCIII I 131i1 Cy111 (B0 >K1111

Cyil) H eginioBnacTribni pacnopyrirTerib, TO ecTb Bce 11p011CXORIIT 13 COOTBeT-

CTB1411 C 60>KCCTBCIIHblMil yeTaHowneinrirmir. Ho B ueJIOM CJleilyeT ripH3HaTg cripaBeBnirribim 3aMe'Ia IIne H. R. ApyTroHoBoù O TOM, 'ITO "o6giBeinigig alla-.110T mripoBo33peirrecicoro Tepisuia", KaKHM >1 1311 SICTCH, Cyrig6a, "MO>KeT OTCbl-

JlaTb K MHO>KeCTBy ripoTHBoperirmix >K1431 le1111 131X cirTyanHil, npri 3TOM 3a FOBOpSIL11HM ocTaBggeTcH He TOJIbKO ripari° Bg16opa HaH6onee gJISI Hero upri-emmemoro BapHaiiTa, Ho Taxx(e ripago 6b1Tb HellOCIlei10BaTenb1113 1M B CBOVIX

Bb160paX". 27

23 Apyri-oHoBa H. ,111,. 53361K limai-) menoBeKa. MocKBa 1998, c. 625. 24 noKaaaTenbao, UTO, n0 NIFICHHI-0 T. A. ByfIbIFHI-1011 H A. R. llImenena, "B 60116-

LLINFICTBe yri0ne6neadi cnoBa "cynb6a" B CORpCMCHHO6 ACHB011 peuti Henb33,1 ycmo-'mem IIH MPICTHK14, HN dpaTannima, HZ HaCCHBHOCTII" (BynbiraHa T. A., Illmenee A. R. SIMIKOBaSI KoHneriTyanwiawN rompa, c. 489). PacemaTpuBaz "FieTpaIIHH410HHble" KOH-

TCKCT61 ynoTpe6newrs, T. B. PaIF3HCBCKWI CrlIfFaCT B03M0)1(14b1M roBopwrb "cipopmapo-Bamie HOBOF0 Koau,enTyanbuoro conemamisi y cnoBa "cynb6a", C5123aHHOF0 C ABH>KC-

Hilem "or OTBACIACHHOF0 K ripenmemomy, o6o3pamomy, KoHequomy" (Pan3acBcKa2 T. B. CROBO Cyòrdia B coBpemeaablx KOHTCKC'FaX, C. 69,71).

25 ,Renlomo 7Kan. FPEX n CTPAX B ufflainaaagam 3anaja, c. 218.

26 Tam )Ke, c. 216.

27 ApyrFc>aoBa H. £1,. 5:13bIK H map rle.TIOBCKa, C. 629.

138 0. F. Pe(3311Ha

Ho notiemy )Ke Torga HmenHo CJIOBO "cyAb6a", Aa eine Ansi BepHOCTH non-germaHHoe xapaKTepH3yioniHmH HommiamsimH "cyeBepHbie", "cpaTanHerbi", CTaHOBHTCA 0I103HaBaTelIbHEIM 3HaKOM pycciou H "pyccKocm" B "CTpaxoriKe )ICH3HH"? BOlIee TOPO, HOCJIe TOPO KaK B ycTax maTepH np03Bytiano CJIOBO

"cyAL6a", HoBegeHHe HHcHeicropa COBepLLICIIII0 H3MelISIeTCSI: OH FOB0pHT Ile

"pa3BA3H0", a "3anymramo", OH paccKaumaeT cogep>KaHHe ciminKma — meno-Apambi (cBoero poga "pa3BecucTofi KIHOKBLI"), KOTOpbIll OH cmoTpen BMeCTe C

maTephio ("Mos' mam ga)Ke nJIaKaJIa" — V, 216), OH HacTammeT Ha yeTano- BHBLUEMCSI B3aHMOIIOHIIMaHHH, OH, HaKorieli, Hp0H3HOCHT KOMFIJIHMeHT, KOTO-

pmil rionBoAHT HTOF cocTosiBuiemycsi pa3roBopy (XOTA H HCCOCTOABLUeilCA

cgenKe): "Bauli! iyHurBa genaioT BaM necm..." (V, 217). KaK 6yATo CJIOBO "cyAL6a" ripHo6pemeT AMI HeF0 O'IeHb JIHiIHbIIi cmmcn B TOT nacTa, KoTopan OTHOCHTCSI K cj)aTyMy H BMeCTe C Tem HHcrieKTop CXBaTblBaeT o6-Kemnioniee noHHMaHHe, BKnaghwaemoe B aTo CJIOBO repoPmeil H O6o3Ha'IaeMoe KaK "pyc- CKOCTb". CMbICJI" HeMeTIJICHHO HpeJlbSIBJISICTC51 B paccKa3e imcneKTopa O ero ceMbe:

51 nwritaguaTbin CbIH, — 3anym40wo n coueputetuto y>Ke iipyrum, CHOBWIeHHIAM

KaKHM-TO ronocom npoiion)Kan imcneicrop, — a nocne NICHH 6bino ew,e RBOC.

MHC futaintaTb wecTb neT, a modi maTepti rutThiiecHT ;irta mita. Y HeC 661110 cem-Haituiam qCJIOBCK nera'. H inia tiocnaneffits IICFKHX, H inca paia 63pe3anti >KHBOT, H tta,›Ke Tpti, noTomy l'l'O wropon pa3 3a6buut B Hem npocTbiwo...(V, 217).

C HocnegHeil cDpa3bi IlaTIHHaeTCH TeaTp a6cypga, HJIH, KaK 3T0 lia3bI-

BaeTcsi B JI0FHKe, upimegeHHe K Henermge. CHHTaKCHtIeCKOil HOMepA(KOI1 Hm-

cnirmeT caM HepeLIHCJIHTeJIbHbIIi p51)1, B KoTopom po>KgeHHe ripmpaBHH-BaeTcsi K CO6bITHAM, yrpo>Kaioigkim )KH3HH maTepH HHcriewropa, HpH 3TOM

Ilp0H3BOAHTCA TH1aTCJIbHaA CTaTHCTHKa "HecnacTHwx cnyriaeB". CeMaHTHKa

cTpaHHoro, "c.nytwilHoro" Howiep)KHHaeTcst Tax)Ke yxnaHHem Ha Heo6HigHwe

CPH314neCKHe gainibie cembH ("MoeMy oniy IlleCTbReCAT ABa roga, H OH BeCHT

CTO HATb KHJIO"; micnexTop 13bICHTCH Hag co6ecegHHHeil "KaK 6aILIHA", H rtpH

3TOM "OH cammi Heyna=midg. ,apyrne 6LIJIH BeJIHKaHbI" - V, 217), HO FJIaBHbIM

ABIIHeTC51 KOJIWICCTBO HeCgaCTHbIX cnytmen, o6pynnimmucsi Ha cemmo:

KaK xopowo — ceMHa; U — C Hey6e>KiteHH61m *apom BOCKIIHKHyna co6ecen- Hutia. — Bce )10,1861?

- HeT, TOJIbK0 A *HB; HOCJICAHliti 6paT — emy 6b1no TptuutaTb rierbipe roda — B

npownom Fon pa36tincH o gepeuo/

- A...iipyrue? — po6Ko cripoctina oHa.

- •pyrite? Bce OT HecuarrHwx cnymaeu. ToHynti, naganti, nHble cropanit Aut-Hhem (il y en a qui sont brules vifs) (V, 217).

Thipu.vccKtte die.abemoribt M. Lbremactirni "CmpaxoaKa .m .u3nit" 139

B nbecax 3. HonecKo napywenne "nocTynaTa o neTepmnimme" npnrso-AHT K TOMy, trro "Ka>Knoe C06bITHe CTaHOBHTCH cnynarhibim, T. e. Hee C06bITHSI

pannoneposrrnbi, II03TOMy 06bIRCHHbIe CO6bITYISI Bb13b1BalOT CHIIbHyK) 3monno-nanbnyio peaKurno, H, nao6opoT, nopa3brrenbibbie CO6bITHSI He BbI3bIBalOT

ynvinnemu". 28 B paccKa3e micneKTopa nponcxonnT unnepc142: CO6paHHbIC BMeCTe "peAKHe" C06bITHSI npuo6peTaloT CTaTyC o6binetniblx, oTclona nepno-nananbno am6nnanenma5 peaKunn co6ecennunbi - "ney6e>melnim1 >Kap" co6eceminnb1 H , y>Ke nocne yxona inicneKTopa, >Kenanne y6ennTbcz, nyTem TtnaTenbnbix nonctieTon "nenennnbi", rpamplainen c maKa-6pom) 13 camofi BO3M0>KHOCTH TOPO, ,ITO "CO6bIT112" neficTurrenbno npo-1430LIUM:

oHa Berana K H Ha o6opoTe nepBoro nonanwerocm KomBerrra Bbl-

wrana, BTO risn'Hangamim OH, gBangainnuecTunemmil, y wriineorrunByxneT-HCII maTepn MOr 6b1'rb TOBbK0 oppi ycnoewi, , ' I'o oua BbILLIBB 3amy)K nwrHangani neT H po>Kana CBOHX cemHanHaTb 4C.T1OBCK CIAHOBCH ORHOr0 3a npyrum, 6e3 eJIH-

HOrO )1HZ nepepblBa. BbiBacr...0 Tpynom, HO — BO3MO>KHO... N y)Ke ropamo B0315,10>KHCC, ecnii Tpu paia, Hanpmmep, 6.nm3Heuin (Ko'rOpble, KOHC'IHO, 11 no-rm6anz napamm: geoe cpa3y yroHyno, )1130C cpa3y cropeno, — Torna pi cmepTeti meHbwe)... Ho, ece-TaKm, ,rro6b1Bce, BCC cemHanHarb MHHyC 01141H OH, F101316BLI

mecgacTHblx, TaKHX pa3Hoo6pa3Hbix, BCCX 41MC101.11HXCZ Hannuo cnriaeB... (V, 21 8 ).

Ha 3TOM CDOlIe penKlim CTaHOBHTCH KaK pa3"cnacTnnnuri cnynair, KOTO-

pulì' coxparmeT >KH3Hb inicneKTopy H ero maTepu — TO, TITO na3binaeTcz "HO-

RapKom cyAb6bi" H tuo 3acTannzeT bnicneKTopa IlpH1151Th BO nimmanne eé cy-IneCTBOBaHlle.

HO He TOJILKO — H na)Ke He CTOIlbK0 3TO. B "CTpaxoBKe >KH3HH" TaK

nepennenncb nepe>Kfinannz UBeTaeB0I1, cnnammie C e6 cemberi, IISTBCTBO ynn>KennocTn H neaccnmvinnponannocm BO

KOTOpbIe OHa pamenzna CO MHOPIIMH pyccKnmn 3mfirpanTamn, H bleKag 13Ce-

MeJI0BeilHOCTb pa3mbannennfi O )1(113HH, LITO B 3TOM "npoxowbom" H TO>Ke KaK

6yIITO cm/galli-10m napn>KcKom 4)enbeTone 3a m11qm HHTOLIKy He HOTSIIIH — OT-

Kpbmaeust HOBLIfi HOB0pOT H KaK0e-TO TpeneTambe OTHHOKHX Aym. HCTOpHH

>KH3HH knicneKTopa ny>Kna UneTaenoii oTmow, He TOJIbKO ARSI TOPO, IITO6bI

"IlpHBHTb" HIICHeKTOpy "pyccKoe" MbllJlneHHC. Eii calmi ny)Ken "CgaCTIIHBbIti

cnymair, B KOTOpb1r1 ona nem H He BepHT, noTomy H CepAIIe C06eCepIIIHIIbl

nricneKTopa TO 6beTCH "COBepllIeHHO KaK y TOPO, neTeinnero CO CTpOPIKH" (V,

218), TO nocKpecaeT, 'corna B HeIi 3BrIHT POJIOC bmcneKTopa, "KOTOpbIM OH

28 PeB3Hua O. F., PeB3HH N. 1/1. CemmoTwiecKuil aKcnepiimeHT Ha cueHe, c. 235.

140 0. r. Peeauna

TOB0pHJI O maTepii, TODI, CITO BbIfigeT K Hemy HaucTpetiy B Issy-les-Mouli- neaux" (V, 219). Pamenammich co "3nuim cPaTymom", LIBeTaesa npligaeT paccKa3aimon HIICHeKTOpOM HCTOpHH He0IlpegeJleHHI1II CTaTyC: TO JIH 3TO COH

^HIICIIeKTOp r0B0pHT "CHOBFIgeHIlbIM" ronocom, "BO BCCM 3TOM 6Lina Hanpn-}KeHHOCTb cHa" — V, 216), TO JIH BblgyMKa — MHCI) ( "Ho ga)Ke eCIIH, B m:nume cTpaintoro BROXHOBellHH, TyT )Ke Hee 3T0 ribigyman, — pa3He He yMFIJIHTenelI

3TOT Ce6e, CeMHagnaTHCMHOBHeIl maTepii nocnegHem ynenerimem, 6e3- ymllo Hpegaimom cume?" — V, 219). H MFICP 3TOT "BblgyMaH" LIBeTaeB0fi eima JI H He TOPO, 'ITO6 LI OTO)KgeCTBHTb cnTyanino micneKTopa C ed c06- cmemion, KoTopon olia HagenneT co6eceiminiy micneKTopa. C camoro Hanana B "pyccKoir cembe o61lapyx<HimeTcsi, no cpaimemno gecInigHT, H60 O'I'CyTCTByeT rinoniie BO3M0>KHaSI 3geCb iiOnb; a B ItBeTaeBCKOPI

)K11311H B 3T0 Hpemii Hee meinzue CTaHOBHTCIJ gonepH AnH — Apnagimi , noKa olia He yegeT B Poccnto, noKa LIBeTamia BII0Bb He BCTpeTHTCH C HeIl B Bon-illeso H ne 3aminieT npo Hed: "3HHI'MaTH'IeCKatl AJIN, eé HaKnagime Hece-nbe", 29 noKa AMO ne apecTyroT, H LIBeTamia paCCTaHeTCSI C Hen - Hancerga. YeTpaHeinune B pe3yJIbTaTe cmepTen mndionornnecKHe geTI4 COBCeM 6inno ycTimaarmrialoT napannenium: inicneKTop — maTb, co6eceginnia — "mama" H "mani:Jim", Ho OCTaeTCH elle — oTen. Pa3MbILLIJISIA 06 FICTOpHH inicneKTopa H

He H3Mella5 npoinin 13 npouecce cygopo)KHoro noHCKa TOPO F.TIaBII0r0,

no cKa3aHo ed roCTeM, co6ecegmina pa3mb1nin1eT o6 oTne:

Mo>KeT 6br1'b, — iiymana oHa paHbwe, — He prrarocb... Mo>Ker 6b1'rb, H cemHaiu menoBeK HVIKaKPIX He 6bIJI0, MO>KeT 6br1'b, pa3 ux He 6bulo, mo>Ker 6bITb,

HopmaHgcKoro urga, Raboakero HOLLke ,IHHbl — Kamasi B CTO HATb KHJI0 BecoM! He 6blI10, Mo)KCT 661Tb, — 11, Ka>KeTeA, HepHeil Hcero, H B 3TOM, Ka)KeTcsi, uci,*. —

o nno aoace He Chino (V, 219).

PiiKomeTom 3Ta nocnegiimi clipa3a o6paIUaeTCH Ha gpyroro oTna — Toro, KTO engin' 3a KyX0I1HbIM CTOJIOM BMeCTe C maTephio H CbIHOM, KTO "nmeeT Bilg

He noimmaiomero no-c17pam1y3cim" (V, 215) H KTO H36HpaeTCH OCHOBHOti MH-

LLIellb10 B rimoTeninecmix HOCTpOeHHHX micrieKTopa: "IlpencTauLTe ce6e, Madame, TITO BbI iimeeTe HeciiacTbe noTepnTh cHoero My)Ka" (V, 215), — no

epe HOBTOpeHHH (ga eiie H C yClineHHeM — "BbI Henpeme H H o noTepsieTe cHoero my)Ka" (pa3leneHo MHOi3 — O. P.) 3TO npegriono)Kemie o6peTaeT 3Hy-t1amie HeOTBpaTHMOCTH, TaK TITO nepeg ero nyraionieii 6ygyine13 peasimio-CTMO oTcTyriaeT HpemeHHasi peanbHOCTb "3Recli ripkicyrerHymikero, SIBHO Am-Hyniero H >Kyiouiero my)Ka" (V, 215). H Korga ›KeHa Ho3myumeTcsi: "Y nac

TaK He Remai-0T, npn ACHBONI" (V, 215), olia HeBOlIb110 riporoHapimeTcn,

29 Maimma 14HeraeHa. Co6paHme C04HlieHHI1 B cemm Tomax. TOM 4, C. 609.

Tlapu.krieue dienbenumbr M. UHetilae(ioù "Cinpuxowea .x .u.31111"

141

rioTomy CITO B pyCCK0111 5131AKOBOM comannn "rimi A<HBOM" o3nwiaeT cKopee "upn elt(e A(14130M"; TaK FOB0pHT, nanpnmep, y HOCTCJIH T51>KCJI0 6011b1I0F0 IIC-

.TIOBCKa, 1460 011 MO3KCT ycnbnnaTb cKa3annoe — KcTam 5KC, HIICHCKT0p, TaK H

ne y6C3(BC11111API B TOM, 'ITO my)K nonnmacT no-cppanny3cKn H, CJICII011/1TC-

J11,110, XOTA H cayinacT, 110 1W CJIbILLIHT, BCeM CBOIIM 110BCACHHCM nonTBcpw-RaeT HMCHHO TaKOC HOIIHMaHHC cirryannn. H npe6b1Banne my)Ka-oTga, JjeFi-

CTBHTCJILHO, OKa3blBaeTcH Bpemennbim: BbIpBaBLIII4Cb 113 Kyxonnoil "3anag111I", HCIIC3IWT 113 npocTpancTBa rreKcTa — KaK OKOIPIaTCJIL110 11

Tparwnio IICIIC3 113 A:1131111 1.113CTaCB011, 110CJIC IICAOAFOF0 COBMCCTII0F0 >K14T1,51

BOJIIIICBO, Cepreil 3cppon — TOT, IIa (Pone nurpenn C KOTOphINI MaKC Bo-nomini nacTalutsui UBeTaeBy:

- MaKC, 11 Bbalgy aamy>K TonhKo aa Toro, K'W 113 BCCFO no6cpc>Kb1 yraniteT, KaKon mon JIM611MbI3 KaMCHb.

— Mapulla! (13KpaR , 11113bl1 1'0.110C MaKca) — 1311106JICHHIAC, KaK TC6C MO>KCT 61,1•b

113BeCTHO, — rnyneiar. H Korna 'l'o'!', KOFO Tbl 1101140611111b, npanecur Tese (cnan-nainnum ronocom)... Synbi>KiwK, Tb1 COBCRUCHHO 11CKpCHHO HOBep11111b,

3T0 THOil IlF0611Mblú Kamenb. 3()

( H XOTA C. 3cppon H Bprinn llBeTaeison "rClIy33CKyIO cepnonmKoBylo 6ycy", 110 o6epnynacb J1H ona — 6ynwainKom?)

14TaK, B "CTpaXOBKe >KH3II14" ycTanaBnnnaeTcg, B KOIIC'IIIOM na- pannenn3m H ji130111-114geCTBO ORHOF0 Tnna pOJEKTBeIIIIbIX OTHOLLICIIIIII: MaTb —

Cb1H, 14 nnanor BCBCTCH menu pyccKon maTepmo H chpanny3cKum cbmom. BbILIIC y)Ke Ohm() cKa3an0 O TOM, TITO nepenom B pamosope nacTynaeT, KorRa maTb npon3nocaT CJIOBO "cynb6a". RymaeTcsi trr0 nacTosnnaz, a He npnnn-cbmaemaz cnenwhinca pyccKoro nonnmainiz cynB6B1 onpenenzeTcsi TCM, ,rro CJIOBO "cygb6a" B pycocom 513b1KC, C OJEBIOÙ CTOpOIIbI, C1411011HM14 11H0 cnoBy

"ACH3Ilb", a c gpyroll — TaKHM CROBaM, KaK "cpaTym", "pOK" Hall "topTyna", TO

ecTb cnynall HOHHMaCTCH B 3T011 KonnenTyann3annn KaK neyurpannmam

cTopona 71(113M/1. 31 3THM H onpejlensieTcn "pyccKnil HpaBCTI3eFIHbIl1 KO4CKC" HO

omoineinno K cy)lb6e, KOTOpblil H CTpCMIITCSI nepenam man, inicneKTopy.

Flpe)KRe BCCFO — nonumanne ACII3HH KaK cygb6bi H cyRb6bi KaK )1(11311H OCB0-

60A<BaeT oT 'IyBCTBa cTpaxa. PyccKaH MaTb, KoTopaz B nepnoù pa3-

roBopa TOJIbKO 14 gemei', 'tuo BrianaeT TO B OB1411 cTpax, TO B Apyron, nepe>Km3 onepeAnon npncTyn nocne ynommiannz O LHKa(13aX ("KaKoil yac! —n olia na)Ke 3axpiiima rna3a. — Hmenno man LuKa(t), nammul naM umenno 3a

3() Mappina 11,BeraeBa. 14CTOpHS1 onnoro BOC1351411,CHHA. Tom 4, c. 149.

31 0 nepecemennn "cemaiminecKitx ccPep" JKII3FIll H cyòh6b1 ninyT, a TOM mnii 14HOM acneKTax, BCC aB'l'opbl, aaTparnBalowne KOHLIPI1T cy)lb6bi .

142 0. E. Peeauna

HeCTOAKOCTb..." — V, 216), BIle3a11H0, LITO Ha3bmaeTcg, pacnpamngeT Hfle11H —

HaHOMHHM ente pa3 ygce nrumogmiluytoca HHTaTy, axneHTHpyg Ty =mem, xoTopag HgeT pO cnoBa "cygb6a" :

— Mbl He 6onmcm nagarounix ucachos, — mem° cKaaana oHa, — Mbl, KOHCIHO,

Bce Renaem, 4rro6In uncacp He ynaJI, HO KOrga wicach nagaer, aTO — cyRb6a, nomi-macre? (V, 216).

ECTb 11 BTopoe npaBHno "HaM, moemy mygq H MHC, npeTHT ogHa MbICJIb

O geHbrax 3a cmepTb Koro-HH6ygb 143 Hac" (V, 216). A ganbute oTxpbmaeTcyt cnegyromee: HO epe Toro KaK HHCHCKTOp paCCKa3b1BaeT CBOIO yI1HBHTelIb-

Hy10 HCTOpH10, CTaHOBHTC.51 ACRO, 11TO 3TI4 npamna emy nonce He nygzgbi, itTo cpaKTWIeCKPI qacTHasa >KH3Hb menoBexa — 6ygb OH pyCCKHI1 1111H cppamty3 — npo-HcTexaeT HmeHHo no aTHM npaBlinam. Ka3anocb 6b1, cppaHny3cgag man> nocne cmepTH mecTHagnaTH geTeit H BO3M0>K11bIX mecTHagnaTH cTpaxoBog HX

>1(143HCA morna 6b1 ttyTb JIH HO o6oraTHTbcg, HO HHcnexTop OTKa3bIBaeTC51 OT 3Toro BbuIrpmumoro xoga B CBOHX cTpaTerHgx yroBapHBaHvig H HH pa3y He ynomnHaeT O cTpaxomax. Ho rnaBHoe gagce He B 3TOM a B TOM, KaK >KI4ByT

HIICIICKTOp C MaTepbIO nocne TaKHX-TO noTpgcemul: "Mbi ilnorga c Hen cmeemcg H myTHm" (V, 917 ) , , — miane roBopg, >KH3Hb BMe111aCT H cbaTym, H 0:DopTyHy (echi ero HMCHOBaTb "ClIaCTIIHBLIA cnymail"), 14 BMeIlIaTCJIbCTBO

cygb6m KaK cbaTyma HC 3aitepgHBaeT cyttb6bt KaK >KH3HH. HHCHeKTOp 60J1bLUe

HC 1314gHT B pyccxoti maTepH HOTCHHHanbH0F0 KJIHCHTa, B Heli — B maTepH, gammeil H o6eperatouteh >KH3Hb, OH BI411HT HacTogmym "cTpaxoBKy >K113HH":

"BbI nao6HTe CBOCFO mywa, y Bac ogar, Bam cTpaxoma TaK gze He HOMO>KeT,

KaK 14 MHC, A Tenepb Bac 110115111..." (V, 218). H OH BcattecgH nontleptcHBaeT CX0ACTBO pyCCKOil maTepH CO CBOefI: "A BbIFII 51)114T oHa moeft cecTpofi, H oHa Tal( gce cTponHa, gai( Bbl" (V, 217), "A maTb Bamero pocTa H Bamero cno-gceHmt, HO y TaKHX MaTepei H 6bmatoT TagHe Cb1H0B1,51" (V, 217). OH gapHT co6ecegmute mogenb CbIHOBHCF0 OTHOILIeHH51, goTopyto cama 3T0 co6ecegm1ta xapawrepH3yeT Tax: "Pa3Be 3T0 He meura o celie — nytunem, ce6e — HacTog- ntem?[...] He BC5I noTeHmut CMHOBHOCTI4?" (V, 217).

HO KaK >Ke peanbllo npoTegaeT 3CH3Hb maTepH H HHcnexTopa? Man, Beer11a >KACT ero, BcTpeitaeT, BCTaeT 14 rpeeT o6e)1, KaK 6bI 110311110 HH Bep-Hyncg HHCIICKT0p, 01114 e3ggT BmecTe Ha napoxogmce, X0115IT B xHHemaTorpach (3aMeTHM — CTOJIb 11106HMbI171 L),BeTaeBoil), "On prend tous ses plaisirs ensem-ble" (V, 217). B cymHocTH, 3T0 npocTo >KH3Hb JI1065111114X .111011C11 — Ha mecTe maTepn 14 CbIHa Bnosme MOFIIH 6bI 6bITb My>1( H gceHa. HHcnegTop CI1e1114a.T1bH0

ocTaHaBnHBaeTcg Ha TM CO6CTBel1H011 >KeHl4Tb6b1: "Ho TaK KaK yttenen HMeHHO H, H H He J1011>KCH >KeHHTE.C51, HH >KeHHTbC51, HH H01146HyTb OT HC-

cilacTHoro czymag, H6o ecnti 6b1 A yute.4 — ytu ✓zu 6b1 Tpoe..." (V, 217). 3gecb KaKa5I-TO cTpaHHag norkixa: Cy1151 HO Bo3pacTy nocnegHero 143 norH61imx 6pa-

17apti.vcciate cfie.abenunibi M. Ueemaeeeti "Cmpazowca xcii3Hit" 143

Tbel3 ("TpmmaTb neTbme foga"), XOTH 61.1 KTO-TO 143 mircponormecturx neTen MOF ',mem cemmo, a MpaH1ty3cwa1t man,. — BIIyKOB. HO O myHax B pace aie HHcnewTopa HH cnoBa. 3HaTIHT, )KCHHTb6a HHcnewTopa — nocnentigH B03-

MOACHOCTb 11p0T1011)KHTb pon, 14 man, BMeCTe C MHCPWIeCKHM OTLIOM ROJI>KIIM

6bIJIH 6b1 BCSFICCKH CK1101151Tb mcneHTopa K We1IHTb6C! MaTb B CyLI1HOCTH

3FOHCTHrICCKH npricHamaeT celie cbma, Bo3meuraH ero OTHOLIICHHCM H ero

111060Bb10 Bce TO, TITO oHa He nonymna OT B0311 10611CHHOFO. OT my>Ha. H 3TO

3acny)wmaerr Bbiconanmyto ortemy co6ecettHmtbi HHcneHTopa:

— Bbl — C1,11-1! — OT BCei1 RyLIM BOCKJINKHy.11a oria, HeBOJ1bH0 nepeBons rna3a Ha csoero H TWIHO cnpatuttBasi. — Rati Bor mopoBLA Bam H Bandi mareptt,

Bautemy onty! (V, 218).

3)11CCb HacTynaeT pa3BH3Ka nocnemero 143 y3110B, TaK Haxpemo nepenne-TeHHMX B "CTpaXOBKe )1G43H14". Brnsurbmastcb B crumutero Ha Hyxne MaJILMH-

Ka, MbI He mo)wem He nyMaTb O imeTaeBcwom Cb1He — O Mype, O Feoprm 3C4p0He. Ma.TIWIHK B "CTpaxoBwe Amm4" xapaHTepinyeTcH TaKI1MH nepTamm OH nyTaeT pyccme H cfmamry3cwHe cnoBa (MaTb pacno3HaeT B ero peti "oue-penHoro C110BeCHOF0 meTrica" - V, 212, TO eCTb 0111H6KH nponcxonwr 110CTO-5111H0) 14, no norme Bernen, cam tt011>Keli CTaTb "pyccwo-clmamty3cmm Me-

THCOM" — TaKHM cTan pyccmil wynbTyptimil eBponeett Feoprmil 3cimoH. Manb-Jim xopouto 14 OXOTII0 KyulaeT, T1TO BbI3bIBaCT trByeMblenelllibln Bonpoc HH-

cnewropa ("Y nero menta Taxon anneTHT?v 71 8) - V, 1Ieonno3Hanno BOC-

npHinlmaemoe npintiatme camoro manbnma ("A M tient-15Hm c-ben Becb no-munop, 111)0CTI4Te, mama, H TaK 3acnyinancz, TITO C'LCJI H Btuny nacTb" — V, 218). Ho rnaBHoe — Han IIHM mrraeT wawaz-TO Heonpettenemocm — comnemm maTem, woTopaH "TOI1110 crmammaeT rna3amH", °mei' nH OH TaKHM )He Cbl-

HOM, KaK mcnewrop. Ha 3TOT Bonpoc Mbl MO)KeM nonymTb HeTOniiblf4 OTBeT,

TOJIbKO peHoncTpyrmyst HermocTme OTHOHICHHH MapHHm H Mypa, o6pauraHcb

K HX 3arurcHm, K BOCHOMHHaIIHSIM TCX, KTO Ha6monan 3TI4 OTHOIIICH1451 B

MOCKBe, B Hap14)Ke, B EJla6yre. HO 113 "CTpaXOBKH )1(1131114" nponnTbmaeTcH

— peTpOCIICKTIMHO — H 6onee cTpanmoe cottepHame. "nem Tbl X0 ,1C111b 6bITb,

MaTIblIHK?" — cupammaeT HHCHeKTOp, nonynaeT OTBCT: "SerViCe militaire, a

noTom amaTopom" H mei. COBeT: "BoT BoeHHast cny)H6a — ttpyroe geno. Xo-

pomaH nopa, nrunan nopa, TaKHM CtIaCTIIHBbIM TbI IIOTOM y>He ~orna He

6ynerub" (V, 218). reopufil 3d-moH mmec Bce, TITO o6pymmocb Ha Her0 "Ha

BoeHHon cny>H6e", HannmencH c nonmocwoBHoro Ana6nHo. 3a Bet 'lettemi no

cmepTH OH Harmcan cecTpe Ane: "51 a6contomo yBepeH B TOM, TITO mos' 3Be-

3tra MellS1 BblHeCeT IICBNAHMEIM 143 3TOil BOPIHb1, H ycnex o6H3aTenbuo;

Berno B CBOIO cym6y, woTopm cynHT mite B 6yRy11LeM onem MHOFO

144 o. r. PC«3111-141

xopoinero". 32 B "Grpaxome >K143IIII" IIIICHeKTOp gBa>Kgbi Bo3BpamaeTcm K

Tomy, CITO "unii 6B1 — yumu 61! Tpoe", "dune — yxogirrb Ile.T1b351" (V,

218) H, maKcHmantmo C6.11H3HB CBOK) MaTb H C06eCeRlIFIly, >KenaeT eH cna-CT.TIHBOr0 6ygymero C CbIHOM: "BygeM HagenTbcg, 'ITO H Baffi Chili 6yReT Bac pagoBam" (V, 218), "I"ITaK, Madame, >Kenaio BaM cnacTbn B Bamem CbIlle"

(V, 218). Be3 comlleHllg, O TOM >Ke BTafille merraeT 11 co6ecegmma, HO

ganinne KaK CiyATO caM TeKCT Bgpyr cumulo H Heymecmo nporoBapHBaeTcn mpamibim cpaBneHnem: "...y.nonum cbma, nomegmero B nocTenb, KaK Kamem KO gny" (V, 218). Meirry fmcnewropa "o ce6e nyrimem, ce6e — HacTommem" °Ha Ha3bmaeT "BonneM nacTosagen profession manquée!" (V, 219) — "neocy-MeCTBneHHOII Me 1ITLI". Vice versa 3T0 BOH.TIL H ga, HarsepHoe, camon “BeTaeBon.

"Ho maTB — 6Buia", - TaK 3aKalmvmaeTcn "C.TpaxoBKa 51(11311H". JII06a51

man, — pyccKan nu, cppamv3cKa5, 3T0 rny6>Ke H BbILI1e, 11eM npoTHBonocTa-BneHHe 3anaga H BOCTOKa. HO Hgee oHa H CCTL, "cTpaxoBKa >KH3HH". HHKoro orla He cTpaxyeT H HH OT nero He MO)KeT y6epeim. ERIIIICTBelIHOe, CITO e11 Tka-

110, — )K1431-11 gpyromy. KaK nogymaem, 3T0 TO>Ke Hemano — Hpogon->KIM cymecTBoBamie .1 .11-oReil Ha 3emne.

32 Teoprid 3cppoH. Ilmcbma. p,om-my3ell Mappmbi 11,BeraeBoti 2002, c. 192.