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N.08June 2017

The timeflash Goggles Episode 8

Who Am I?

វ ែនតាឆលងពេលពលា ពលខ ៨

ខញព ម ោះអវ?

មលហេតនៃធាតអាកាស ហៅកនងបរហេសកមនជា

The causes of weather in Cambodia

& windsHeat,rain

TECH

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Asteroid almost hit Earth Last April, a 1km wide asteroid, known by astronomers as 2014 JO25, flew past our planet at a distance of about 1.8 million kilometres, or about 4.6 times the distance from Earth to the moon. This is quite close in cosmic standards! Asteroids are small rocky planets which orbit around the sun. Although they are relatively small, asteroids can be dangerous when they crash into our planet.

វសយតារាសាសតរ៖ អាចមផករយសទើរតរបាៃរកផរៃដ

កាលេវវខពេសាកពនលងពៅពនោះ អាចេផកា យេយវែល មានទទង១គវឡវេែតរ វែលរកព�ើញពោយតករេតារា ទឆនា ២០១៤ JO25 បានពោោះការភេវែនែវរបសពយើងពៅចមាងា យតបមាណជា ១,៨លានគវឡវេែតរ ឬតបវែល ៤,៦ែងននចមាងា យេវវែនែវពៅតេោះចនទ។ ចមាងា យពនោះគជរវេនវទនពៅកនាញងសដងោរចតកវាឡ! អាចេ ផកា យគថមភេរចៗវែលពោចរជញញតេោះអាទរយ។

ពោោះបវជាេកពគមានទែរច ផកា យតេោះពតោោះអាចបងកា

ពតោោះថនា កពៅពេលបញកចលកនាញងភេ

វែនែវពយើង។

Science News

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N°08 - June 2017

Has the lake been filled by guava juice? This “pink lake” in Western Australia contains algae called Dunaliella salina which produce carotenoids, a pigment also found in carrots! But scientists are still researching this unusually coloured lake, and there could be other factors.

រងនរះពរញដោយេកតរបរក ឬមៃមរៃ? «បងេណផកា ឈក» ពនោះសរពៅភាគខាងលច តបពទសអសសាតា លវ វែលមានសារាយេយ តបពភ ទពៅថ សាលវណាស ឌណាលវឡា Salinas Dunaliella វែលែលរសារធារញេយែងវែលពគករកព�ើញពៅកនាញងការ ែញរវែរ! បែញវនតាអនាកទយសាសសដកេញងវរសសាតជាេណបងេនធេមតាេយពនោះ ពតរោះវាអាចបណាដ លេកេវកតាតាពែសេងពទៀរកថបាន។

Scientists discover glow-in-the-dark frog! This polka dot tree frog, officially called Hypsiboas Punctatus, is the first fluorescent amphibian ever to be found on Earth. Discovered in Argentina, this frog has fluorescent skin pigments that give it a natural glow. Fluorescence is already known in some fish, scorpions and birds. This, however, is the first time that this phenomenon has been discovered in one of the 7,000 plus species of amphibians that are known on Earth.

អកវេរយាសាសសតបាៃរក ហេញក ងងករ ងដលភលកនងេងងត! កវងកាបវសបែកអញជៗពនោះតររបានពគពៅជាែលការថ ែញវសញវលបញស ផនថពថើស (Hypsiboas Puncta-tus) គជាសរឆងកងវែលអាចសសរប នងបព ចេ ញេនលែបងពគវែលបានរកព�ើញពៅពលើវែនែវ។ ពោយបានរកព�ើញពៅកនាញងតបពទសអាែសេងទវន កវងកាបពនោះមានសារធារញសសរប នងបព ចេ ញេនលពៅកនាញងវសបែក វែលពធើឱយវាភលពោយធេមជារ។ ការសសរប នងបព ចេ ញេនលតររបានពគសាគា លរចពៅពែើយថ មានកនាញងតរវេយចនន ខយែរ វ នងសរបកសេវ។ ពោោះជាយែងណាកពោយ ពនោះគជាពលើកែបងពែើយវែលបារញភរពនោះតររបានពគរកព�ើញពៅកនាញងវែនាកេយននសរឆងកងពតចើនជាង៧០០០តបពភទ វែលតររបានពគសាគា លពៅពលើវែនែវ។

Science news

ComicChamroeun the flavour chemist

Feature articleHot and humid

Meet the expertTep Phollarath, Climatologist

Budding scientistMake a cloud in jar!

It's all Fun & Games!

Geek zoneEdit a video game!

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Team of girls win the Cambodian “technovation” competition Last month, 150 girls aged between 10 and 19 competed in the “Technovation” event, which challenges girls from all over the world to build a mobile app to address problems in their community. The first winner was a team called “Techlifestyle.” They created an app called Pre-Health to provide information to people relating

health services and encourage people to improve their well-being. With two other winning Cambodian teams, they will now compete for the final round: ten

teams from more than 100 countries will be selected to defend their ideas

in Silicon Valley, in the USA, and win $15,000 to develop their apps.

ZOOLOGY

ASTRONOMY

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Photo credit: DAI/Development Innovations

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ករមកមរងសរៗឈះការបរកត ររសបរទរសកមនជា «ថចណវរសៃ (technovation)» កាលេវវខេញន ពកមងសសវៗចនន១៥០នាក វែលមានអាយញចពនាល ោះេវ១០ ពៅ១៩ឆនា បានចល រេតបករពៅកនាញងតេរតាការណ «ថចណព ែសន (Technovation)» វែលរតេរឱយពកមងសសវពៅទោងេភេពលាកបពងកាើរកេមធវទរសេទនែេយពែើេបែវបងហា ញេវបញហា ពៅកនាញងសែគេនរបសេកពគ។ តករេវែលជាបពលខ១គតករេ «ថចនឡែសាតា ល (Techlifestyle)»។ េកពគបានបពងកាើរកេមធវេយពៅថ «សញខភាេ បឋេ» ពែើេបែវែដលេរមានែលតបជាជនអេវពសវាសញខភាេ នងពលើកទកចរតាតបជាជនឱយរសពៅតបកបពោយសញខញមាលភាេ។ រេជាេយនងតករេឈនាោះេវរពទៀរេកេវតបពទសកេញជា ឥឡពនោះេកពគនងតបករតបវជងជញចញងពតកាយ ៖ ែប តករេ វែលេកេវតបពទសជាង១០០ នងតររពតជើសពរ ើសពែើេបែវបកសសាយេវគនររបសខលនពៅ សញវលវកន វាែពឡ (Silicon Valley) សែរែឋអាពេរក ពែើយឈនាោះតបាកចនន ១៥០០០ែញលាល រ ពែើេបែវ អភឌឍកេមធវរបសេកពគ។

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THE TIMEFLASH GOGGLES: CHAMROEUN THE FLAVOUR CHEMIST

Comic

Sophea: Chamroeun, come sit with us!

Panha: Bang, what are you eating? Your food smells really weird.Chamroeun: I think it smells delicious. I mixed some mint leaves, prahok, cashews and green banana.

Sophea: It looks a bit weird too!Chamroeun: Well, ok. It didn’t turn out exactly how I was hoping it would. But I wanted to try it!

Panha: Do you cook your own food? Chamroeun: Sure! I love to experiment in the kitchen.

Chamroeun: Hey, can I have the wrapper of your candy? I want to see the ingredients so I can try making my own at home?Panha (with mouth full): Um, ok.

Sophea: Let’s finish up our breakfast. I can see that class has started already.

Chamroeun: Teacher? Where could I find some soy lecithin, polyglycerol, polyricinoleate?Sophea: Chamroeun is trying to make chocolate biscuits at home.

Teacher: They are chemical substances, Chamroeun. You can’t find them in the market.Chamroeun: So where can I find them?

Chamroeun: Soy leci...thin, poly…glyce…rol, poly..rici..no…leate… what are these things?? Where will I even find them? Panha: Don’t waste your time! Just buy them in the store like I did.

I create artificial flavours from chemicals found in plants and animals. I use them in their natural state or process them to make new flavours.

I use my knowledge of how chemicals react, what chemicals create what tastes and how chemicals interact with other ingredients.

Chamroeun: So, I need a chemistry lab…Teacher: Cooking at home is actually chemistry! Try experimenting with tastes, textures, heat and cold...

Panha: Here, take my other candy wrappers. Can you try making all of these for me for free?

I work with about 2000 chemicals and 500 natural flavours. I always try new combinations and different ways to generate flavours.

Teacher: You’ll have to look much further for that. Here, maybe the magic goggles can show you how these substances are made…

…in chemistry labs, by flavour chemists!

I work for a company that makes healthy drinks products. I use scientific knowledge and a good deal of creativity to enhance natural flavours or to create artificial ones, which can then be used to flavour drinks.

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Feature

HOT AND

HUMID កដៅក�ើយក�ើម What causes the weather in Cambodia?

It’s that time of year when you have to carry your rain poncho everywhere! But, do you know why it rains heavily in Cambodia for almost half of the year? What causes our weather to be different

than in other parts of the world? The average pattern of weather in a particular region of the world and at a particular period of time is called ‘climate’. Meteorologists are scientists who try to predict what the weather is going to be like in the next few days. Climatologists are scientists who study changes in the climate over longer periods of time. They are noticing a lot of changes these days and are warning us that the world is getting hotter. »

តើអវជាកតាតរនរធាតអាកាសនៅកនងបរទរសកមនជា?វាជារែេយពៅកនាញងឆនា វែលបនតររយកអាពភលៀង របសបនពៅតគបទវកវនលង! បែញវនតាពរើបនែងពទថ ពែរញអវ បានជាតបពទសកេញជាមានពភលៀងពតចើនអសរយៈពេល ជររកកណាតា លឆនា យែងពនោះ? ពរើអវវែលបណាតា លឱយ ធារញអាកាសរបសពយើងមានភាេខញសោនា េវវែនាកពែសេង ពទៀរននេភេពលាកពយើងពនោះ? លនាជាេធយេននធារញអាកាសពៅកនាញងរបនណាេយននេភេពលាក នងកនាញង រយៈពេលណាេយ ពគពៅថ «អាកាសធារញ»។ ឧរញនយេទជាអនាកទយសាសសតាវែលេយយេោយេវ ធារញអាកាសនាបែញនាម ននថងាខាងេញខពទៀរ។ អាកាសធារញ ទ ជាអនាកទយសាសសតាវែលសកសាការផល សបតារអាកាស ធារញ

កនាញងរយៈពេលយរ។ េកពគបានករសមាគា លការ ផល សបតារ ជាពតចើនពែើយកេញងតបកាសអាសននាតបាបពយើងថ េភេពលាកពយើងពនោះកេញងព ដ ពៅៗពែើយ។ »

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IT'S ME!ខនចារបាៃ

Science News

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During the hot months (April - October) the sun warms up the surface of the land faster than the surface of the ocean. When the earth warms up, it also warms the air above it. កនាញងអឡញងរែព តា (វខពេសា ែល វខរញលា) តេោះអាទរយជោះកព តា ពលើ នែទននែវពលឿនជាងនែទេោសេញតទ។ ពៅពេលវែលវែនែវពឡើងកព តា ខយល ពៅខាងពលើវែនែវកពឡើងកព តា វែរ។

When the light hot air rises, crammed molecules in the cool air above the sea move into the spaces created by the spread out molecules above the land. This movement creates monsoon winds!

ពៅពេលវែលខយលព តា ពោោះពឡើង េែពលគញលវែលែដញោនា ពៅកនាញងខយលតរជាកពៅពលើសេញតទបានចលពៅកនាញងចពនាល ោះ វែលបពងកាើរពឡើងពោយេែពលគញលខយលព ដ ពៅពលើែវ។ ចលនាពនោះបពងកាើរឱយមានខយលេសញង!

Feature

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Cambodia’s tropical climate

Why is it hot?Cambodia is close to the equator, an imaginary line around the middle of the Earth. This means that the sun rays don’t have to travel far to reach us - the sun shines directly over our heads - which makes our country very hot. Countries further away from the equator have much colder weather. This is because the sun’s rays reach the curved surface of the earth at an angle. è

Why does it get cooler in the winter? The Earth is like a ball spinning on a tilted axis. As it turns around the sun, different areas receive different amounts of sunlight and heat. When the area north of the equator, called the Northern Hemisphere, leans away from the sun, the temperature gets colder. As Cambodia is close to the equator, the difference in temperature in winter and summer is not very great. è

In contrast, the air above the ocean is cooler. It is therefore heavier; its molecules

are clustered close together. It is an area of high pressure.

ែទញយពៅញ ខយលពលើសេញតទតរជាកជាង ពនាោះវាក ធងាន

ជាងវែរ ពោយសារេែពលគញលរបសវារពតេៀបជរៗោនា ។ វាគជា របន ននសមាធខយលខស។

On their way, these winds absorb a lot of water from ocean. These tiny water droplets cluster together to form clouds. When there are too many droplets clustered together, they become too heavy to float, and fall. That’s rain! ពៅពេលពធើែពណើ រ ខយលតរជាកោងពនោះបានសសរបយកទកជាពតចើនេវេោសេញតទ។ ែណកទករចៗោងពនោះែដញោនា ពែើយបពងកាើរជាេេក។ ពៅពេលវែលមានែណកទកែតាញោនា ពតចើនពេក េកវាកអាចពៅជាធងាន េនអាចអវណដ រពទៀរបាន ពែើយកធាល កចញោះេក។ ពនាោះវាកកាល យជាពភលៀង!

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What causes the rainy season?

Warm air is lighter, because molecules, tiny parts that make up the air, spread out. Light air rises. This is what meteorologists call an area of low pressure. ខយលព ដ សសាលពោយសារវរេែពលគញល វែល ជាវែនាករចៗននខយលរ វករាលោល

ពចញេវោនា ។ ខយលព ដ កពោោះពឡើង។ ពនោះជាអវវែលឧរញនយេទពៅថ របនននសមាធខយលោប ។

05

តើអវជាកតាតរនរធាតអាកាសនៅកនង

បរទរសកមនជា?

ហរតអវបាៃជាមៃតរជាកនៅរដវរងារ?

កេញជាគជាតបពទសពៅជរវខសេពអកាទរ ជាវខសេវែលពគបពងកាើរ ពឡើងពៅជញញរកកណាតា លននវែនែវ។ ពនោះមាននយថ ការសមវតេោះអាទរយពធើែពណើ រេកបែោះតបពទសពយើងឆបវេន-វទន តេោះអាទរយរោះចពលើកបាលរបសពយើងវរេដង វែលពធើឱយតបពទសពយើងព តា ខាល ងយែងពនោះ។

បណាតា តបពទសពែសេងពទៀរវែលពៅឆងា យេវវខសេពអកាទរមាន ធារញអាកាសតរជាកជាងពយើង។ ពនោះគពោយសារការសមវ តេោះអាទរយបែោះនងនែទពកាងននវែនែវពៅតជរងេយ។ è

វែនែវពយើងពតបៀបែចជាតោបបាលកេញងលពៅពលើអកសេលពេៀងេយ។ ពៅពេលវែលវែនែវពធើែពណើ រ ជញញតេោះអាទរយ របនពែសេងោនា ទទលបានេនល នងកព តា តេោះអាទរយកនាញងបរមាណពែសេងោនា ។ ពៅពេល វែលរបនភាគខាងពជើងននវែនែវ វែលពៅថ អឌឍពោលខាងពជើង ងកឆងា យេវតេោះអាទរយ សវរញណហា ភាេកចញោះតរជាក។ è

02

Equator

Science News

10 11FEATURE 11

Feature

10

Is it getting hotter?Scientists have observed that

the average temperature on Earth has risen a lot over the last 100 years. This observation, and the consequences it has for our planet, is called global warming. A warmer Earth can cause changes in rainfall patterns, a rise in the sea level and a wide range of impacts on plants, wildlife and humans. There is a lot of evidence that humans are contributing to global warming because our way of life causes a “greenhouse effect.” è

តករេអនាកទយសាសសតាបានសពងការ ព�ើញថ សវរញណហា ភាេជាេធយេ ពៅពលើវែនែវបានពកើនពឡើង យែងពតចើនកនាញងរយៈពេល ១០០ ឆនា ចញងពតកាយពនោះ។ ការសពងការពនោះរេ ជាេយែលបាកេកកានភេវែនែវ របសពយើងតររបានពៅថ ការពឡើង កព តា វែនែវជាសកល។ ការពឡើង កព តា វែនែវកអាចបងកាឱយមាន ការផល សបតារលនាទកពភលៀង ការពកើនពឡើង កតេរទកសេញតទ នងែលបែោះរលពែសេងៗជាពតចើនពទៀរពៅពលើរញកខជារ សរនតេ នងេនញសសេ។ ភសតាញតាងជាពតចើនវែលបងហា ញថ េនញសសេបានរេចវណកែលការពឡើង កព តា វែនែវជាសកល ពោយសារ រពបៀបរសពៅរបសេកពគវែលបងកា ឱយមាន «ែលែទោះក ចេ ក»។ è

Tep Phollarath, Climatologist LS: Please explain your daily role. Phollarath: I am the deputy chief of the Climate Office of the Department of Meteorology at the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology. My job is to collect data and statistics related to weather from each province in Cambodia. For example, I analyse the levels of rain every month and follow the weather forecast using new technology to follow natural phenomena that occur. LS ៖ ផលររត: នាងខនគលជា អនញតបធានការយលយអាកាសធារញននតកសងធនធានទក នង ឧរញនយេ។ ការងររបសខញគ តបេលទននានយតាេបណាតា ពខរតា កនាញងតបពទសកេញជាយកេកវាយប ចេ ល ពេើលខញសតររ កតេរទកពភលៀងេវេយវខពៅេយវខ នងេយករណអាកាសធារញ តបចានថងាពោយពតបើតបាសេែវែលបពចចេកទយទពនើបពែើេបែវ តាេោនបារញភរធេមជារ។ LS: Why did you decide to work in climate science? Phollarath: I think climate science is very important because we need to give information to citizens so that they can protect themselves from natural disasters and diseases. I encourage young people to study this major as we need the younger generations to keep working in this field in Cambodia. I like my job because I can explain to other institutes about changes in weather, rain, heat, temperature and natural disasters that happen year on year, month on month and day by day.

LS ៖ ហេតអវអកសហបមចចតតហវើការជាមយវេរយាសាសសតអាកាសធាត?ខញគរថ ទយសាសសតាអាកាសធារញមានសារ:សខានណាសពតរោះពយើងតររែសេេែសាយតបាបតបជាេលរែឋ ពែើេបែវការររ ទបសាកា រជង ឬពតោោះធេមជារពែសេងៗ។ ពលើសេវពនោះខញកពលើក ទកចរតាែលយញជនឱយសកសាេញខជនាញពនោះ ពតរោះតបពទស កេញជាតររការពកមងជនានពតកាយពធើការពលើវែនាកពនោះបនតាពៅពទៀរ។

ខញពេញចរតាការងរពនោះពតរោះខញអាចវចករ វលកអេវអវវែលខញែ ង ពៅសាបនពែសេងពទៀរោកទងនងការវតបតបរល អាកាសធារញ កតេរទកពភលៀង កព តា សវរញណហា ភាេ នងពតោោះធេមជារពែសេងៗ េវេយឆនា ពៅេយឆនា េវេយវខពៅេយវខ នងេវេយនថងា ពៅ េយនថងា។

11

Text

: Ana

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Illus

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Interview by: Soth Sonen – Picture: MOWRAM

Atmosphere – The Earth is protected from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation by an envelope of gases called the atmosphere. These gases make sure that the heat from the sun stays around us. Without it, our planet would be too cold for life to be sustained. However, if there are too much of these gases, especially Carbon Dioxide and Methane, the atmosphere traps more heat than usual. វែនែវពនោះតររបានការររេវទយញសកេមអញលតតា យ វ (UV) របសតេោះអាទរយវែលបងកាពតោោះថនា ក ពោយសសោបឧសមនេយពៅថ បរយកាស។ ឧសមនោងពនោះជាអនាករកសាកព តា តេោះអាទរយឱយសរ ពៅ ជញញពយើង។ ពបើោម នវាពទ ភេវែនែវរបសពយើងនងពៅជា តរជាកពេកេនអាចរសពៅបាន ពែើយវានងោម ននរនតារភាេ។ បែញវនតា តបសនពបើមានឧសមន ោងពនោះពតចើនពេក ជាេពសស កាបនឌវអញកសញវរ នងពេតាន កព តា បរយកាសនងពកើន ពតចើនជាងធេមតា។

Cars – The cars or motorbikes that we use release Carbon Dioxide. It is produced by burning petrol, which is a fossil fuel. រថយនតា ឬេែរវែលពយើងពបើកបរបព ចេ ញឧសមនកាបន ឌវអញកសញវរ។ វាតររបានែលរពឡើងពោយការែញរ ពតបងសាងវែលជាឥនធនៈែសញវល។

Homes and factories – The electricity we use in our homes and factories comes mostly from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, etc.) which produce Carbon Dioxide. អគគាសនវវែលពយើងពតបើពៅកនាញងែទោះ នងពរាងចតកបានេកេវការែញរឥនធនៈវែលភាគពតចើនជាែសញវល (ធយងថម-ល-) វែលបពងកាើរឧសមនកាបនឌវអញកសញវរ។

Cows – People have started to consume a lot of meat, which means breeding more cattle. But, did you know that a single cow releases on average 70 to 120 kg of methane per year... when it farts or burps! Methane is a lot more harmful than Carbon Dioxide. Around the world there are approximately 1.5 billion cows, each emitting that much methane. តបជាជនបានចាបពែដើេបរពភាគសាចជាពតចើន វែលមាននយថ េកពគតររបងកា រេជពោជាពតចើនពទៀរវែរ។ បែញវនតាពរើបនែងពទថ សរពោបព ចេ ញឧសមនពេតានបរមាណេវ៧០ ពៅ១២០គវឡតកាេកនាញងេយឆនា ? គពៅពេលវែលវាពផេ ឬពភើ! ឧសមនពេតានែដលពតោោះថនា កជាងកាបនឌវអញកសញវរ ខាល ងណាស។ ពៅជញញេភេពលាក មានសរពោមានចននតបមាណ ១,៥រនលានកបាល កេញងបព ចេ ញឧសមនពេតានជាពតចើន។

Deforested area – Trees naturally filter Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere. But, when we cut them down, we lose an important air filter.

ពែើេពឈើសសរបយកឧសមនកាបនឌវអញកសញវរេវបរយកាស។ បែញវនតាពៅពេលវែលពយើងកាបពែើេពឈើ ពយើងកបារបង អនាកសសរបឧសមនកាបនឌវអញកសញវរែសខានែងវែរ។

Science News

12 13

-

Make a cloud in a jar!

We have seen that clouds are clusters of tiny droplets of water. They form when warm air that has been heated by the sun meets moist air

coming from the ground. This very easy experiment will show you how that happens. Make sure you have an adult with you when you try it out! è

ពយើងបានែងពែើយថ េេកជាបណដញ ននែណកទករចៗ។ េកវាតររបាន បពងកាើរពឡើងពៅពេលខយលព តា វែលបានទទលកព ដ េវតេោះអាទរយបានជប ខយលមានសពណើ េេកេវែវ។ ការេពសាធែងយសសរលពនោះនងបងហា ញបនេវរពបៀបវែលេេកតររបានបពងកាើរ។ សេបនរកេនញសសេធឱយជយបន ពៅពេលវែលបនចងពធើេពសាធនពនោះ! è

What to do: 01. With the help of an adult, pour boiling water into the jar up to about ¼ of the way from the top. 02. After 1 minute, pour most of the water out of the jar. Leave only about 1-2cm of water inside. 03. Light a match and hold it at the top of the jar for a few seconds, then drop the match inside and quickly place the bag of ice on top of the jar. Now look inside the jar. You should see vapours starting to form.

អវងដល បតរវ ហវ ៖ 01. សេឱយេនញសសេធជយចាកទកព តា ចលពៅកនាញងថឱយបាន3/4ននថ។ 02. ១នាទវពតកាយេក

ចាកទកពចញេវថឱយជរអស។ ទញកទកឱយពៅសលវរ ១-២សងទវវេែតរ។ 03. គសពឈើគស រចោកវាពៅវែនាកខាងពលើននថឱយបានេវរ ពៅបវនាទវ បនាទ បេកទមាល ក ពឈើគសពៅកនាញងថឱយពលឿន រចោកថងទកកកពៅមារថ។ ឥឡ សេបនពេើលពៅកនាញងថពនាោះ។បននង ពេើលព�ើញចោយទកកពកើរពឡើង។

What you will need: A large glass jar Boiling water A box of matches, or a lighter and a wooden chopstick A plastic bag with ice in it

អវងដលរអៃ បតរវការ៖ ថវកធេយ

ទកព ដ ោេញោះ

ពឈើគសេយតបអប

ថងផល សទកេយវែលមានទកកក

Why did that happen? This is because the warm water and the match heated the air inside the jar. Warm moist air, rose up to the top of the jar and

met cold air coming from below the ice cubes. This created a cloud of water droplets: an instant cloud in a jar! ពនោះគពោយសារវរទកព តា នងពឈើគសែដលកព ដ ឱយខយលកនាញងថ។ ខយល ព តា ពែើយពសើេ ែញស ពឡើង ែលមារថ រច ពៅបែោះនងខយលតរជាក

វែលធាល កេកេវែញទកកក។ វាបាន បពងកាើរេេកននែណកទក ៖ ការបពងកាើរេេកភាល េៗពៅកនាញងថ!

ពភលៀងធាល កជាេធយេពៅកនាញងតបពទស កេញជាពៅកនាញងវខកញញា កនាញងរយៈពេល ១០ឆនា ចញងពតកាយពនោះគ ៣៤៣េវលវវេែតរ។ ពៅឆនា ២០០៩ ពភលៀងធាល កជាេធយេកនាញងវខកញញា មានកតេរខសជាងធេមតា ៩៩េវលវវេែតរ។ ពៅឆនា ២០១០ ពភលៀងធាល កជាេធយេកនាញងវខកញញា មានកតេរោបជាងឆនា ២០០៩ កេស២២០េវលវវេែតរ។ • ពរើពភលៀងធាល កជាេធយេពៅវខកញញា ឆនា ២០០៩នងវខកញញា ឆនា ២០១០មានកេសបែញនាម ន?

If you think you know my name, send your answer to littlescientistsmag@gmail.com with your name and address. The first 5 people to send in the right answer will receive a Kids City Pass! ហរើរអៃគតថារអៃសារលហមរះខន សមហផើចហមើយររសរអៃមក កាៃ អងមល littlescientistsmag@gmail.com។ សមកហភចហផើហមរះ ៃងអាសយដរៃររសរអៃ។ អកងដលហើយបតរវ ៥នាក ដរងៃងេេលបាៃសរបតចល «េត ស (Kids City)»។

It’s all FunGames!&

The average rainfall in Cambodia in September over the last 10 years has been 343 mm. In 2009, the average rainfall in September was 99mm higher than the average. In 2010, the average rainfall in September was 220mm lower than the rainfall in September 2009. • What was the average rainfall in September 2009 and in September 2010?

Win a free pass to Kids City and to visit the Science Gallery!

ANSWER FROM THE LAST MONTH'S ISSUE

ê An Iguana! Well done, Heng Naly, age 9, from Phnom Penh who sent us the first correct answer! Fun facts: Iguanas use their

tails to punch the enemy but they can also detach a part of their tail when in

danger to ensure a fast escape! On the top of their heads these lizards have a third eye, which connects to the pineal gland in the brain. Even though it does not produce images, it is an important element to them.

ê សតវេៃរសង! សេជយអបអរពៅកាន ពែង ណាលវ អាយញ៩ឆនា េកេវភនាពេញ វែលបានពែើចពេលើយតរេតររេកកានពយើងេញនពគបងស!ចណចចារអារមមណ ៖ សរទនសេងពតបើកនទញយេកវាពៅវាយសតររ បែញវនតាេកវាអាចផដ ចវែនាកខលោះននកនទញយ របសេកវាពៅពេលមានពតោោះថនា ក ពែើេបែវឱយេកវា អាចពគចខលនបានយែងឆបរែស! ពៅពលើកបាល របសេកសរលមនោងពនោះមានវភនាកទវបវវែលរភាជា បពៅតកពេញេយែងពៅកនាញងខរកបាលេកវា។ ពោោះបវជាវភនាកពនាោះេនវេនសតមាបពេើលកពោយ វរវាជាវែនាកេយែសខាន។ 13

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True! It has two hearts to pump blood though each of its gills and a third one to pump blood through the rest of its body.

សតវមកមាៃហរះដង៣។

ជាការពត! វាមានពបោះែងេវរសតមាបរញញេឆលងតាេសសកវ របសវា ពែើយពបោះែងទវបវទញកសតមាបរញញេឆលងការរាងកាយោងេល។

Send your pictures and your observations to littlescientistsmag@gmail.com. We will publish them in our next issue! �មកញើរបភាព នងារ�កងកេតរប�បអនក�ៅ l i t t lescient istsmag@gmai l .com។ ពកយើងនងកោះពមពារពក�ោធរប�បអនកនៅ��សនាវដដដកេខកោយ។

Try this out!

12

MATH WIZZ01

02

Look closely at these shapes. Their shifting forms follow a pattern from top to bottom. What will the forth figure in the series look like?

សេពេើលរបោងពនោះពោយយកចរតាទញកោក។ វាផល សបដររបរាងតាេលោបលពោយេវពលើ ចញោះពតកាេ។ ពរើរបទវបន គរវរមានរបរាងែចពេដច?

An octopus has three hearts.

Answers ចពេលើយ – 01. 2009: 442, 2010: 222mm 02.២០០៩៖ ៤៤២េវលវវេែតរ , ២០១០៖ ២២២េវលវវេែតរ

15

Science News

14

Geek Zone

14

Edit a video Game!

Have you ever played a video game on your

phone or computer? To play the game you probably went to an online store and downloaded it, or maybe you bought the game at a store. It hasn’t always been so easy to get games. When personal computers began to be popular, you usually had to write the code for the game into the computer yourself. Sometimes these games required more than 1,000 lines of code! But don’t worry! We’re not going to create a program. Instead, we’re going to edit a program someone else has already written for a popular video game. è

ពរើបនធាល បបានពលង វពែអពែគាេពៅពលើទរសេទ ឬ កញេយទរ របសបនពទ? ពែើេបែវពលងពែគាេ បន តបវែល ជា តររពៅកវនលងលកអនឡាញ(online store) ពែើយ បា ន ោញ យកវា ឬតបវែលបនទញពៅោង។ វាេន ងយសសរលពទកនាញងការបានពែគាេយកេកពលង។ ពៅពេលវែលកញេយទរចាបពែដើេមានភាេពេញនយេ ជាធេមតាបន តររ សរពសរកែសតមាបពែគាេពៅកនាញងកញេយទរពោយខលន បន ផទ ល។ ពេលខលោះពែគាេោងពនាោះោេោរឱយសរពសរកែ ពតចើន ជាង១០០០បនាទ រឯពណាោះ។ បែញវនតាកញបារេភ! េកពយើងនងេនពៅបពងកាើរកេមធវពទ។ ែទញយពៅញ ពយើងនងវកសតេរលកេមធវវែលមានពគបានសរពសររចពែើយសតមាប វពែអពែគាេវែលពេញនយេ។ è

Open your browser and go to http://jsfiddle.net/codeandcircuit/6uoyvfs3/. Once

you’re there, you should see four boxes, with a game in the bottom right corner.

To start the game, click inside the box. Now move the Snake around with your arrow keys to eat the colored squares. ពបើកកេមធវអញវនពធើវណររចចលពៅកាន http://jsfiddle.net/codeandcircuit/6uoyvfs3/ ។ ពៅពេលវែលបនចលពបសាយពនាោះពែើយ បននងព�ើញតបអបបន វែលមាន ពែគាេ ពៅតជរងខាងសាដ វែនាកខាងពតកាេ។ ពែើេបែវចាបពែតាើេពលងពែគាេ សេចញច ខាង កនាញង តបអបពនាោះ។ ឥឡ សេផល សទវ សរេស ពោយ ពតបើ បរញងតេរញរបសបនពែើេបែវឱយសរេសសញវកាពរេណតកែេ។

01 This picture shows the changes you need to make to the code. They show the original code with the line numbers we need to change highlighted and our new code. របភាេពនោះបងហា ញេវការផល សបតារវែលបនតររបពងកាើរឱយពៅជាកែ។ េកវាបងហា ញេវកែពែើេ វែលមានពលខបនាទ រ ពែើយ ពយើងតររបតារអវវែល មានេណគសចណា នង ពលខកែថមវរបសពយើង។

03Make ALL the changes highlighted on the right side of the picture. Don’t forget to add quotation marks! Once you have made all the changes, click ‘run’. You should see the snake’s food change color.

សេផល សបតាររបសោងអសវែលមានេណចណាពៅវែនាកខាងសាតា នន របភាេ។ សេកញពភលចបវនេសញញា ពកបែៀសបទ! ពៅពេលវែលបនបានផល សបដរោងអសពែើយចញច «run» ។ បនគរវរពេើលព�ើញចណវ សរ

េសបានបដរេណ។

04

Now try changing the snake’s food to a different color. If you feel brave, see if you can make the snake move more slowly or more quickly. I will leave that problem for you to solve. Happy coding!

ឥឡសាកលបែងបតារចណវ េសពៅេណពែសេងពទៀរ។ ពបើបន មាន អារេមណ ថ កាល ោន សេបនសាកពធើឱយេសពនាោះពធើចលនាឱយយរ ឬ ពលឿនជាងេញន។ េកពយើងនងទញកវលបែងេយពនោះឱយបនពោោះសសាយ។ សេរ វករាយកនាញងការសរពសរកែ!

15

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: Jon

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This game is pretty good, but it would be better if the food the snake was trying to eat was a different color than the snake. We only have to change 4 lines of code to make this happen! Look at the bottom left box labeled “Javascript.” Notice the line numbers on the left side of the panel. Scroll down to line 128. ពែគាេពនោះសបបាយពលងណាស បែញវនតាវានងសបបាយជាងពនោះ តបសនពបើចណវ វែលសរេសពយើងសញវមាន េណពែសេងេវេណសរេស។ ពយើងតោនវរបតារកែចនន៤បនាទ រពទពែើេបែវវកសតេរល! រកពេើលពៅកនាញង តបអបពៅខាងពឆងវែនាកខាងពតកាេវែលព ម ោះ «Javascript.» ចរករសមាគា លពលខបនាទ រពៅវែនាក ខាងពឆងននតបអប។ ចញោះពៅបនាទ រពលខ128។

02

This is how old video games used to look!

N.08 June 2017

Editor-in-chief / នាយនពនធ Anaïs Pagès-Peeters Contributing writers / អនរមចណែនពនធ Jennifer Anne Bohl

Jonathan Cox Copy editors / អនណ�មរេចបាបចមលង Jill Hamill Sin Sovanrattana �ន �វែណរតនា Translator / អនបណប Bou Puthida ប ព�ធដដា Graphic Design / រចនាា�ច Whaim Illustrator / គនរ Bou Puthida ប ព�ធដដា Comic illustrator / គនរ�មាបករឿងSeat Sopheap ក�ៀត �ភាព Printing / ារកោះពមព IPML - Image Printing

Funded by the British Embassy Phnom Penh

ឧបតថមភថវាកដោយ�ថាន�តអងកគល� ភនកពញ

My name is Vattana. I am in Grade 8 in Kos Nheak High School in Mondulkiri. This was the first time that the STEM bus had come to my school. I was excited. My favourite activity was the Sudoku maths game because I love maths! The game is simple. I just have to fill the empty boxes with new numbers so that all the numbers from 1-9 are in each grid.

សានទរអងពគលសតបចាពៅកេញជាបានែតាលេលនធពៅកាន «រថយនដវសទេ» វែលែទញកពៅពោយវលបែងទយសាសសតា នងការេពសាធសបបាយៗ ពែើយរថយនតាពនោះពធើែពណើ រទោងតបពទសពែើេបែវបពតងៀន កញមារកេញជាអេវទយសាសសតា បពចចេកទយ សកេម នងគណរទយ។ សេពេើលវែនទវពែើេបែវពេើលព�ើញកវនលងវែលរថយនតា «វសទេ» ពនោះនងតររពៅ!បនតា!

Inte

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Pag

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The British Embassy in Cambodia funds the “STEM bus”, a bus full of exciting science games and experiments that goes around the country teaching Cambodian children about STEM. Check out the map to see where the STEM bus will be going next!

STEM BUS

ខញព ម ោះឌឍនា។ ខញពរៀនពៅថនា កទវ៨ ពៅ

ទយលយពកាោះពញៀក ពខរតាេណឌ លគរ វ។

ពនោះជាពលើកែបងពែើយវែលរថយនដ

«វសទេ» បានេកែលសាលាពរៀនខញ។

ខញរ ពភើបណាស។ វលបែងវែលខញចលចរតា

ជាងពគគវលបែងគណរទយ «សែគ»

ពតរោះខញចលចរតាគណរទយ! វលបែង

ពនោះ សាេ ញាពទ។ ខញតោនវរសរពសរ

ពលខថមវចលពៅកនាញងតបអបទពនរ

ោងអសពែើេបែវឱយមានពលខ១ ែល៩

ពៅកនាញងតកឡាចតរងគាោងអស។

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