Henna, Lawsonia Inermis1

8/3/2019 Henna, Lawsonia Inermis1

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Henna, Lawsonia inermis ,

Presented by:Jannoo Zaheeda

Bpharm Year 4Id: 0816448



Introduction

Henna has many traditional and commercialuses, the most common being as a dye forhair, skin and fingernails, a dye andpreservative for leather and cloth, and as ananti-fungal.





Description

Henna is a small shrub that grows to a heightof 6m.



The branches of this plant are leteral withleaves that grow in pair- 2-4 cm long

The flowers are fragrant and white-red roselike



Botanical classification

Kingdom Plantae

Division Magnoliophyta

Class Magnoliosida

Order Myrtales

Family Lythraceae

Genus Lawsonia

Species Linermis



Geographical distribution

Native : Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia,Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon,Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Morocco, Oman,Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic,

Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, Western Sahara, Yemen

Exotic : Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,Central African Republic, Chad, China, Congo, Cote

d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Gambia,Ghana, Guinea, India, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger,Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sudan,Togo, Zanzibar



Commercial cultivation

UAE, Morrocco, Yemen, Tunisia, Libya,Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Western India, Iraq,Kuristan, Iran, Pakistan, bangladesh,Afghanistan, Turkey, Somalia and Sudan



Traditional usePlant

Parts

Traditional Uses (as/in)

Root Is astringent

May be pulped and used for sore eyes

Used as a decoction – diuretic

In the treatment of nervous diseases

Leaves

Has an orange dye - lawsone Leaf paste has been used for decorating the hands,

nails and feet

Used to alleviate jaundice, skin diseases and smallpox



Flowers

Fragrant- used to extract perfume Infusion of flowers is a valuable application for bruises

Decoction of flowers has been used as emmenagogue

Seeds Are deodorants Powdered seeds + pure clarified ghee- used against

dysentery

Powdered seeds- used for liver disorders

Barks Decoction – for burns and scalds ( extranal use)

-for jaundice and enlargement of spleen

(internal use)



Unani medicinal use



Pharmacological review

Although this plant has been widely used invarious symptoms and diseases, howeverfew pharmacological studies have been

reported.



Antidiabetic activity

Ethanol (70 %) extract of L. inermis showedsignificant hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemicactivities in alloxan induced diabetic mice

after oral administration.

The feeding of 0.8 g/kg of L. inermis extractdecreased the concentration of glucose,

cholesterol and triglycerides to normal.



Immunomodulatory effect

1 mg/ml of methanolic extract of hennadisplays immunostimulating effect by thepromotion of T-lymphocyte proliferation.

Naphthoquinone constituent from hennashowed significant immunomodulatory effect.



Hepatoprotective activity

Alcoholic extract of the bark of L. inermis has hepatoprotective effect against the carbon tetrachlorideinduced elevation in

serum marker enzymes (GOT and GPT),

serum bilirubin,

liver lipid peroxidation and

reduction in total serum protein,

liver glutathione,

glutathione peroxidase,

glutathione-s-transferase,

glycogen,

superoxide dismutase

and catalase activity.



Antibacterial effect

Ethanol extracts of 20 plants species used byYemeni traditional healers to treat infectiousdiseases were screened for their antibacterialactivity against both gram positive and gram

negative bacteria. The ethyl acetate extract of L. inermis L. was found

to be the most active against all the bacteria in thetest system.

Even the aqueous extract has significantantibacterial effect.

Quinonic compounds – most active



Wound healing effects

Ethanol extract of the plant (200 mg/kg/day) was used toevaluate the wound healing activity on rats using excision,incision and dead space wound models.

Extract of L. inermis when compared with the control andreference standard animals: a high rate of woundcontraction, a decrease in the period of epithelialization,high skin breaking strength, a significant increase in thegranulation tissue weight and hydroxyproline content wasobserved.

Histological studies of the tissue showed increased wellorganized bands of collagen, more fibroblasts and fewinflammatory cells when compared with the controls whichshowed inflammatory cells, scanty collagen fibres and

fibroblasts.



Antifungal activity

Lawsone has been found to be effectiveagainst oral Candida albicans isolated frompatients with HIV/AIDS.

Naphtaquinones found from Lawsonia inermis was the active factor.



Antidermatophytic activity

Dermatophytes- affect the keratinous tissuesof human-causing superficial fungalinfections.

Antidermatophytic activity of ethanol, ethylacetate and hexane extracts of L. inermis were tested on 5 strains each of Tinea rubrum and Tinea mentagrophytes .

All these extracts showed significantantidermatophytic properties in-vitro .



Antifertility effect

Ethanolic extract from powdered seeds- noantifertility effect

But powdered leaves when administered asa suspension in rats induces permanentinfertility.



Abortifacient activity

Methanol extract of roots of L. inermis wasmost effective in inducing abortion in mice,rats and guinea pig.

The effect apparently was dosagedependent.

L. inermis cause maternal and fetal toxicity.



Toxicological data

A 13-week oral toxicity study was conducted inSprague-Dawley rats (4 groups of 10 rats persex) with a 0.5 % aqueous methylcellulosesolution of Henna Rot administered once daily

Test substance corresponding to daily dosage of40, 200 and 1000 mg/kg body weight.

Control animals received the vehicle aloneunder the same conditions.



Results

No mortality was observed during the study.

In the high dose group, 2/40 animalsoccasionally presented signs of poor clinicalcondition

All clinical signs were reversible after 4-weeksrecovery period.



Conclusion

The result was considered to be of notoxicological importance by the investigatorsas no relevant microscopic findings



Lead content in Henna

The lead levels found in henna were low withconcentrations ranging from 2.29 ppm to65.98 ppm.

The very low concentrations of lead measured inthese henna samples were reassuring

however, the cumulative effects of prolonged

lead exposure may be of concern. The use of henna especially among children

may constitute a public health risk.



Cosmetic use of henna

Henna that is from plants is different from thatis available

Contact dermatitis to pure henna is very rare,

most often caused by additives such asperfume oils or paraphenylenediamine(PPD).

PPD is added to reduce the fixation time or toobtain a darker color.



Example of such cases

The most common allergic reaction is contactdermatitis.

Can be treated with

topical steroids



Marketed products

Henna Shampoo

Henna powder

Documents

Henna, Lawsonia Inermis1