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HOC VieN CONG NGHe BOU CHINH VI§N THONG

Giao trinh

hf diiijret trai pho Tk da irm iihap TO tnjreii

Bien soan: TS. Nguyen Pham Anh Dung

OA« HOC QUOC GiA HA NQ* TPUNG TAM T H C N G T I N j i l l i ^

\l-\)OlJhZl^ NHAXUATBANBlAiOllN Ha Not. thang 9 nam 2004

MUC LVC

Ldinoiddu

Thuat nga va vm tdt 15 ; Chiftfng 1: Cac phirdngpMp'da':: Z "

l.l.Ub dfiu ._ '"^'^ "'̂ ^P ̂ ° t«yen 19

1.2. Da truy r^^ m ^ : ^ ^ ; ^ - ^ ; ~ l JJ 1-2.1. Nguyen ly FDMA ^^

1.2.2. Nhiiu giao thoa kenh Ian can ^^ OQ

gian(TDMA) 29 1.3. Da truy nhap phan chia theo thdi 1.3.1. Nguyen ly TDMA 1.3.2 Tao cum....

31 1.3.3. Thu cum

34 1.3.4. Dong bo 3^

1.4. Da truy nhap phan chia theo ma (CDMA) 35 1.4.1. Cac he thong thong tin trai pho 35 1.4.2. Mo hinh ddn gian cua mot he thong trai pho

chu6i triic tiep DSSS 41

1.4.3. Pho cua tin hieu 45

1.4.4. CDMA/FDD 49

1.4.5. CDMA/TDD 50 1.5. Da truy nhap phan chia theo kliong gian (SDMA) 52 1.6. Cau hoi kiem tra ^^

Chvftfng 2: Cac giao thtfc da truy nhap 56

2.1.Mdd^u ^^ 2 2 Yeu cau doi v6i giao thijfc da truy nhap

57 2.3. Phan loai cac giao thilc da truy nhap •• 2.4. Cac giao thiic da truy nhap khong va cham (theo lap bieu)....

60 2.4.1. An dinh co'dinh 2.4.2. An dinh theo yeu cau

62

2.5. Cac giao thiic da truy nhap va cham (nglu nhien) 63

2.5.1. Cac giao thiic truy nhap nglu nhien lap 64

2.5.2. Da truy nhap v6i danh truf6c 77

2.5.3. Da truy nhap an dinh theo yeu cau (DAMA) 82

2.6. Cac giao thijfc da truy nhap d CDMA 84

2.6.1. Cac giao thiic truyen din trai pho..v 85

2.6.2. Cac sd do ALOHA chia khe DS CDMA 90

2.6.3. Cac sd do ALOHA chia khe nhay tan 92

. 2.7. Cau hoi kiem tra 95

Chifofng 3: Tao ma t r a i pho 96

3.1.Mddau 96

3.2. Cac chuoi PN 98

3.3. Cac thuoc tinh cua chuoi m 109

3.4. Cac chuoi Gold 119

3.5. Cac chuoi Kasami 122

3.6. Cac gidi han cua ham tiidng quan cheo 123

3.6.1. Gi6i han thap cua Sidelnikov 124

3.6.2. Gidi han thap Welch 124

3.7. Cac chuoi phiic 125

3.7.1. Cac chu6i-m phiic 125

3.7.2. Cac chu6i FZC 128

3.8. Cau hoi kiem tra 129

Chi^ofng 4: Cac he t h o n g t r a i pho chuoi trxic t i ep 135

4.1. Md diu 135

4.2. Gia tap am 135

4.3. Cac he thong DSSS- BPSK 139

4.3.1. May phat DSSS- BPSK 139

4.3.2. May thu DSSS-BPSK 140

4.3.3. Mat do pho cong suat, PSD 144

4.3.4. Doldixiily 147

4.4. Cac he thong DSSS-QPSK 147

4.5. Hieu nangcua cac he thong DSSS 153

4.5.1. Anh hifcfng cua tap am trang va nhieu gay nghen... 153

4.5.2. Anh hiidng cua nhieu giao thoa va truyen da tia 157

4.5.3. Tinh chat kho thu trom 160

4.6. Cau hoi kiem tra 161

Chifo?ng 5: Cac he thong trai pho nhay tan va thdi gian ..165

5.1. Md dau 165

5.2. Cac he thong trai pho nhay tan nhanh 166

5.2.1. May phat 167

5.2.2. Do rong bang tan 170

5.2.3. May thu 171

5.2.4. Nhay tan nhanh v6i dieu che FSK M

trang thai (M-FSK) 172

5.2.5. Toe do dong ho cho cac he tho'ng nhay tan nhanh.... 174

5.3. He tho'ng trai pho nhay tan cham 174

5.4. Cac he tho'ng trai pho nhay thdi gian 177

5.5. So sanh cac he tho'ng trai pho 178

5.6. Da truy nhap 179

5.7. Cac he tho'ng lai ghep 181

5.7.1. Nhay tan/ Chuoi triic tiep FH/DS 181

5.7.2. He tho'ng nhay tan-thdi gian lai ghep 184

5.7.3. Cac he thong nhay thdi gian/chuoi triJc tiep 185

5.7.4. Cac he tho'ng nhay thdi gian-tan s6'/chu6i triic tiep, TFH/DS 185

5.8. Cau hoi kiem tra 186

Chiidng 6: Dong bo ma trong cac he thong thong tin trai pho 188

6.1. Md dau 188

6.2. B i t ma PN cho cac he thong DSSS 190

6.2.1. Cac sd do song song kiem tra co'dinh 193

6.2.2. Cac sd do kiem tra c6' dinh noi tiep 200

6.2.3. Cac sd do kiem tra nhieu Ian va noi tiep lien tiep.... 203

6.3. B i t ma PN cho cac he tho'ng FHSS 207

6.3.1. He tho'ng v6i bo tUdng quan tich cUc 207

6.3.2. He thong c6 cac bo tUdng quan thu dong 209

6.4. Bam ma PN cho cac he thong DSSS 211

6.4.1. Sd do vong khoa - t r i 211

6.4.2. Sd do vong khoa t r i vdi giai dieu che

khong nhat quan 214

6.4.3. Sd do vong Tau-Dither 218

6.5. Bam ma PN doi vdi cac he thong FHSS 220

6.6. Cau hoi kiem tra 223

ChvCdng 7: Mo hinh eua kenh da truy nhap phan chia

theo ma chuoi trxic t iep va hieu nang cua no.. 227

7.1. Md dau 227

7.2. Nguyen ly DSCDMA 227

7.2.1. Mo hinh he thong 228

7.2.2. Mo hinh cua mot may thu pho'i hdp 235

7.3. Xac suat loi bit 241

7.3.1. Tinh toan xac suat 16i bit 241

7.3.2. Xap xi hoa Gauss cua p.b.e 247

7.3.3. Cai thien xap xi hoa Gauss cho p.b.e 249

7.3.4. Cong thiic dung lifdng cUc dai 253

7.4. CDMA v6i cac phung phap dieu che'khac va ma hoa kenh

255 7.4.1. Cac dieu che'khac " , ,

257 7.4.2. Ma hoa sika 16i

2b 1 7.5. So sanh CDMA vdi FDMA va TDMA 264 7.6. Cau triic kenh vat ly trong cac he thong thong tin

di dong CDMA 270

7.6.1 Sd do tong quat 270

7.6.2. Ma dinh kenh Ci(t) 272

7.6.3. Ma nglu nhien hoa 274 7.7. Cau hoi kiem tra 276

Chiidng 8: Da truy nhap v6 tuyen trong moi trifdng pha dinh da dtforng va phan tap ' 278

8.1. Md dau 278

8.2. Pha dinh va dich Doppler do'i v6i truyen din mot tan so... 279

8.3. Kenh pha dinh chon loc tan so' 284

8.4. Cac mo hinh kenh bang rong 286

8.4.1. Md dau 286

8.4.2. Dai trai rong t r i 290

8.4.3. Do rong bang nhat quan 292

8.4.4. Trai rong Doppler va thdi gian tifdng quan 295

8.4.5. Mo hinh kenh pha dinh 298

8.5. Hieu nang DSCDMA trong moi trifdng

* pha dinh nhieu diidng ^^^

8.6. Cac dang phan tap ^ '̂̂

8.6.1. Phan tap vi mo ^ '̂̂

8.6.2. Phan tap vi mo ^^^

8.7. May thu RAKE 309

8.7.1. Md dau 309

8.7.2. May thu RAKE 311

8.7.3. Cac bo ket hdp 315

8.8. Dieu che BPSK va phan tap 324

8.9. Cau hoi kiem tra 326

Chiidng 9: Tach song da ngvidi svi d u n g 328

9.1. Md dau 328

9.2. May thu to'i liu 335

9.2.1. Md dau 335

9.2.2. Truyen d in dong bo 337

9.2.3. Truyen din di bo 340

9.2.4. Thuat toan Viterbi 344

9.3. Cac may thu DSCDMA dudi toi liu 349

9.3.1. Bo tach song giai tiidng quan 349

9.3.2. Bo tach song sai so'trung binh phudng cUc tieu, MMSE 352

9.3.3. Cac bo tach song da ngiJdi sU dung vdi loai nhieu, IC 355

9.3.4. Cac may thu thich ling MMSE 360

9.4. Hieu nang cua cac bo tach song 366

9.5. Liia chon ky thuat tach song da ngiidi sik dung cho thong tin di dong the he ba 369

9.6. Cau hoi kiem tra 373

Chiidng 10: Da t ruy n h a p p h a n chia theo tan so truTc giao va cdma da song m a n g 376

10.1. Md dau 376

10.2. OFDM ^'^^

10.2.1. Nguyen ly OFDM 10.2.2. Tao cac song mang con ^^^

, , : ;^-^^-"^^^--^-vev.md;ongdinhi:y: Ill 10.3. Da truy nhap phan chia theo t in so

true giao OFDMA 10.3.1. HnhongOFDMAnhiy ' t i n I i r . " . ^ r . . r . ' . ^85 10.3.2. Nhay tan ngiu nhien

10.3.3. Phan bo^kenh dong (DCA) 'ZZZZ 390 10.3.4. Dung ludng OFDMA 3^2

10.4. MC-CDMA

10.4.1. He tho'ng MC-CDMA ."..*......... 393

10.4.2. BER cua MC-CDMA 397

10.4.3. MC-CDMA cho cac he thong thong tin di dong the he ba 39g

10.5. Cau hoi kiem tra 400

Chi^ofng 11: Quy hoach cac vung phu song trong thong tin di dong 401

11.1. Khai niem phu song to ong 401

11.2. Tai s\i dung tan so. 402

11.2.1. Tong quan 402

11.2.2. Cac sd do tai sii dung tan so' 407

11.2.3. Khoang each tai s\i dung tan so' 409

11.3. Cac chien lUdc phan bo kenh 409

11.4. Cac chien lUdc chuyen giao 410

11. 4.1. LTU tien chuyen giao 416

11.4.2. Cac van de thUc te nay sinh doi vdi chuyen giao.... 417

11.5. Nhiiu va dung lUdng he thong 420

11.5.1. Nhieu dong kenh va dung lUdng he thong 420

11.5.2. Nhilu kenh Ian can 426

11.5.3. Dieu khien cong suat de giam nhieu 431

11.6. Trung ke va Cap bac phuc vu 431

11.7. Cai thien dung lUdng trong he thong thong tin di dong 441

11.7.1. Chia 6 442

11.7.2. Phan doan 446

11.7.3. Khai niem phan 6 micro theo vung Novel 450

11.8. Cau hoi kiem tra 453

ChUofng 12: Ky t h u a t xuf ly k h o n g g ian va ang- t en t h o n g m i n h cho cac h e t h o n g d a t r u y n h a p v6 t u y e n 455

12.1. Miu phat xa ang-ten dan va mo hinh

kenh da dudng 455

12.1.1. Miu phat xa ang-ten dan 455

12.1.2. Mo hinh kenh da dUdng 459

12.2. Cac may thu x\J. ly khong gian 461 12.2.1. Md diu 461

12.2.2. Cac mang tao blip song co'dinh 463

12.2.3. Cac he tho'ng blip song chuyen mach 465

12.2.4. Cac he tho'ng ang-ten thich ijfng 466

12.2.5 Cac ang-ten thong minh bang rong 468

12.3. Phan doan, ket hdp phan tap va phan tap

khong gian 469

12.4. Tao blip song phat 471

12.5. Cac may thu xu ly khong gian CDMA 473 12.5.1. Md dau 473

12.5.2. Cac bo xii ly khong gian CDMA khong nhat quan 474

12.5.3. Cac bo xU ly khong gian CDMA nhat quan va may thu RAKE xii ly khong gian 477

12.5.4. Xil ly khong gian da ngUdi sii dung 483

12.6. Phan doan lai dong bing cac ang-ten thong minh 434 12.7. Tao blip dUdng xuong cho CDMA.

4o5 12.8. Cac he tho'ng dinh vi may di dong ^gq

12.8.1. Md dau .^^ 489

12.8.2. Tieu chuan danh gia cac phudng phap dinh vi may di dong 49Q

12.8.3. Cac phUdng phap u6c tinh vi tri cua may di dong 492

12.9. Cau hoi kiem tra 496

Chvfofng 13: Dung lifofng cac he thong thong t in di dong.. 497

13.1. Md dau 497

13.2. Dung lUdng cac he thong FDMA va TDMA 497

13.3. Dung lUdng cac he thong CDMA 504

13.3.1. Dung lUdng he thong CDMA da 6 504

13.3.2. Dung lUdng he thong CDMA da 6 506

13.4. So sanh dung lUdng cac he thong FDMA, TDMA vaCDMA 511

13.5. Danh gia dung lUdng he thong theo toe do bit 512

13.5.1. He thong FDMA ddn 6 512

13.5.2. He thong TDMA ddn 6 513

13.5.3. He thong CDMA ddn 6 513

13.5.4. He thong TDMA da 6 515 516

13.5.5. He thong CDMA da 6 ...516

13.5.6. So sanh ket qua 518

13.6. Dung lUdng cac he thong SDMA , 523

13.7. Cau hoi kiem tra Phan phu luc ^26

Phu luc 1: Cac dang ham mat do xac suat J^ Phu luc 2: Riit ra ham tUdng quan cua tin hieu gii tap am ..

Phu luc 3: Riit ra phUdng sai cua tap am sau giai dieu che va cong suat trung binh cua nhilu pha 534

Phu luc 4: Chiing minh tinh trUc giao 536

Phu luc 5: Riit ra cong thiic Pj cho sd do b i t ma 537

Phu luc 6 : Bang tra ciiu tai lUu lUdng theo Erlang B 544

Phu luc 7: Da truy nhap v6 tuyen trong cac he tho'ng

thong tin di dong GSM 550

Phu luc 8: Da truy nhap v6 tuyen trong IS-95 CDMA 555

Tai lieu tham khao 567