Hidrolisis Dan KSP

7/23/2019 Hidrolisis Dan KSP

1/26

Ciewdì}i} Khwhf ehb L]_ >>

FDEZ@ =

CIEWD@I]I] KHWHF EHB CH]I@ LH@I LJ@HWZUHB

Uzazhb _jfgj`hahwhb

]juj`hc fjfpj`hahwi fdez` ibi pj}jwuh eieil eichwhplhb fhfpz1

8" Fjbjbuzlhb ajbi} khwhf yhbk fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} eh`hf hiw ehb pC `hwzuhb khwhf ujw}jgzu"

7" Fjbkkzbhlhb lzw~h pjwzghchb chwkh pC pheh uiuwh}i h}hf gh}h zbuzl fjbaj`h}lhb `hwzuhb

pjbyhbkkh ehb ciewdì}i}

=" Fjfpwjeil}i ujwgjbuzlbyh jbehphb ehwi }zhuz wjhl}i gjweh}hwlhb pwib}ip lj`hwzuhb ehb ch}i`

lhì lj`hwzuhb"

Wjn`jl}i ujbuhbk1 Ciewdì}i} Khwhf ehb Ch}i` Lhì Lj`hwzuhb

Khwhf Liuh ujbuz }zehc uiehl h}ibk `hki ejbkhb qhu lifih yhbk }huz ibi" [hwbhbyh pzuic

gjwgjbuzl }jwgzl ehb wh}hbyh h}ib" Khwhf ehpzw huhz bhuwizf l`dwieh eikzbhlhb }jghkhi

pjfgjwi wh}h pheh fh}hlhb" ]j`hib eikzbhlhb }jghkhi pjfgjwi wh}h pheh fh}hlhb khwhf azkh

eikzbhlhb }jghkhi ghchb pjbkh{ju fhlhbhb" Khwhf ehpzw chbyh`hc }huz ehwi }jlihb ghbyhl

ajbi} khwhf yhbk `hibbyh" Fh}ic ghbyhl khwhf yhbk `hib ejbkhb gjwghkhi ljkzbhhb" Ei bjkhwh &

bjkhwh yhbk fjbkh`hfi fz}if }hàz khwhf eiuhgzwlhb zbuzl fjbmhiwlhb }hàz yhbk fjbzuzpi

ah`hb" @hwzuhb khwhf azkh eikzbhlhb eh`hf ezbih fjei} zbuzl fjbhbkhbi lh}z} ejciewh}i"

Khwhf yhbk phìbk ujwljbh` heh`hc khwhf ehpzw huhz bhuwizf l`dwieh ejbkhb wzfz} BhM`"

Khwhf ehpzw ujwehphu ei eh`hf hiw `hzu ejbkhb azf`hc yhbk mzlzp ghbyhl }jcibkkh khwhf ehpzw

ehphu eipjwd`jc ejbkhb fjbkzhplhb hiw `hzu" Ei gjgjwhph ujfphu khwhf ehpzw ehphu azkheiehphu ehwi eh`hf uhbhc zbuzl fjfzwbilhbbyh ei`hlzlhb pwd}j} pjfi}hchb mhfpzwhb" ]j`hib

BhM` ghbyhl }jlhì }jbyh{h khwhf yhbk eikzbhlhb eh`hf pwdezl&pwdezl lifih }jchwi&chwi

}jpjwui pheh }hgzb pzpzl dghu&dghuhb ghclhb }jghkhi qhu heiuin fhlhbhb"

Bhuwizf l`dwieh uiehl fjbkzghc {hwbh `hlfz} fjwhc fjbahei giwz huhz `hlfz} giwz

fjbahei fjwhc gjwhwui `hwzuhbbyh gjw}inhu bjuwh`" Ei `hgdwhudwizf khwhf ehpzw ehphu eigzhu ehwi

wjhl}i hbuhwh h}hf ehb gh}h"

]zfgjw1 cuup1$$ndde}zg}"mdf

Khfghw 5"8 Khwhf Ehpzw
http://foodsubs.com/http://foodsubs.com/http://foodsubs.com/http://foodsubs.com/


2/26

Ciewdì}i} Khwhf ehb L]_ >;

Bi`hi _jbeieilhb Lhwhlujw yhbk ujwibujkwh}i

Lwjhuin

Fhbeiwi

Ljwah Ljwh}

Wjìkiz}

Wh}h Ibkib Uhcz

_jezì @ibklzbkhb

Lhuh Lzbmi

ldb}uhbuh idbi}h}i h}hf #Lh) ldb}uhbuh idbi}h}i gh}h #Lg) h}hf gh}h `j{i}

ldb}uhbuh idbi}h}i hiw #l{)

h}hf lzhu

h}hf `jfhc gh}h lzhu gh}h `jfhc pC

]uhbehw Mhphihb

]uhbehw mhphihb fjwzphlhb ibeilhudw ch}i` gj`hahw yhbk chwz} eimhphi pj}jwuh eieil"

]uhbehw mhphihb eh`hf fdez` ciewdì}i} khwhf heh`hc 1

8"8" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbjbuzlhb miwi&miwi gjgjwhph ajbi} khwhf yhbk ehphu ujwciewdì}i}

eh`hf hiw fj`h`zi pjwmdghhb

8"7" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbjbuzlhb }inhu khwhf yhbk ujwciewdì}i} ehwi pjw}hfhhb wjhl}i

idbi}h}i

8"=" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbkciuzbk pC `hwzuhb khwhf yhbk ujwciewdì}i}

7"8" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbkhbhì}i} kwhnil ch}i` uiuwh}i h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu h}hf lzhu ehb

gh}h `jfhc h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h lzhu zbuzl fjbaj`h}lhb `hwzuhb pjbyhbkkh ehb ciewdì}i}"

="8" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbaj`h}lhb lj}juifghbkhb eh`hf `hwzuhb ajbzc huhz `hwzuhb khwhf

yhbk }zlhw `hwzu

="7" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbkczgzbklhb ujuhphb ch}i` lhì lj`hwzuhb ejbkhb uibklhu lj`hwzuhb

huhz pjbkjbehphbbyh

="=" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbzì}lhb zbklhphb gjwghkhi L}p j`jluwdìu yhbk }zlhw `hwzu eh`hf hiw

="5" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbkciuzbk lj`hwzuhb }zhuz j`jluwdìu yhbk }zlhw `hwzu gjweh}hwlhb ehuh

chwkh L}p huhz }jghìlbyh

=":"

_j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbaj`h}lhb pjbkhwzc pjbhfghchb idb }jbhfh eh`hf `hwzuhb=">" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjbjbuzlhb pC `hwzuhb ehwi chwkh L}p&byh

=";" _j}jwuh eieil ehphu fjfpjwliwhlhb ujwgjbuzlbyh jbehphb gjweh}hwlhb chwkh L}p

Mjl Ljfhfpzhb H{h`

8" ]jghbyhl 7=5 kwhf BhM` #Fw 6 :3:) ei`hwzulhb ljeh`hf hiw }hfphi ~d`zfj :?? f@" gjwhph

fd`hwiuh}byh4

7" Gjwhph kwhf BhDC yhbk ujwlhbezbk eh`hf 8:? f@ `hwzuhb BhDC ?:F4

=" 887 kwhf LDC #Fw6:>) ei`hwzulhb eh`hf 7:?f@ hiw" ^d`zfj `hwzuhb eihbkkhp uiehl

gjwzghc" Fhlh ldb}jbuwh}i `hwzuhb ujw}jgzu heh`hc4

5" Uzì}`hc wjhl}i idbi}h}i zbuzl `hwzuhb gjwilzu 1

h" BhM`


3/26

Ciewdì}i} Khwhf ehb L]_ >3

g" Fk]D5

m" Mh#DC)7

e" Nj7D=j" HkMwD5

:" Ciuzbk`hc pC ehwi `hwzuhb gjwilzu 1

h" CGw ?8 F

g" CN ??8 F #Lh CN 6 >3 s 8?&5

ehb > 3 67>8)

m" Mh#DC)7 ??: F

_wh}yhwhu

Ahei }jgj`zf Hbeh fjfpj`hahwi fdez` ciewdì}i} khwhf ehb ch}i` lhì lj`hwzuhb Hbeh

chwz} fjbkzh}hi ldb}jp `hwzuhb }udilidfjuwi `hwzuhb lj}juifghbkhb lifih ehb Ldb}jp h}hf

gh}h" Ehwi ldb}jp&ldb}jp ujw}jgzu hbeh hlhb fhfpz fjbkciuzbk pC ehwi ciewdì}i} `hwzuhbkhwhf ehb ch}i` lhì lj`hwzuhb }zhuz khwhf }juj`hc iuz Hbeh hlhb fhfpz fjfpwjeil}ilhb }inhu

khwhf lj`hwzuhb ehb pjbkjbehphb }zhuz khwhf ehwi `hwzuhbbyh"


4/26

Ciewdì}i} Khwhf ehb L]_ >9

LJKIHUHB _JFGJ@HAHWHB 8

H" CIEWD@I]I] KHWHFUj`hc liuh pj`hahwi eh`hf fdez` pjwuhfh ghc{h wjhl}i h}hf ehb gh}h hlhb fjbkch}i`lhb

khwhf" ]jcibkkh wjhl}i ujw}jgzu eigjwi bhfh wjhl}i pjbkkhwhfhb huhz bjuwhì}h}i" Fj}lipzb

gjwbhfh wjhl}i bjuwhì}h}i huhz pjbjbuwh`hb ujuhpi ch}i` wjhl}i hbuhwh h}hf ehb gh}h uiehl }j`h`z

gjw}inhu bjuwh` ujuhpi gi}h gjw}inhu h}hf huhzpzb gh}h ujwkhbuzbk pheh h}hf ehb gh}h yhbk

eiwjhl}ilhb"

Wjhl}i hbuhwh h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu hlhb fjbkch}i`lhb `hwzuhb yhbk gjw}inhu bjuwh`

wjhl}i h}hf lzhu ejbkhb gh}h `jfhc hlhb fjbkch}i`lhb }inhu h}hf wjhl}i hbuhwh gh}h lzhu ehb

h}hf `jfhc hlhb gjw}inhu gh}h }jehbklhb zbuzl h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h `jfhc `hwzuhb hlhb

ujwkhbuzbk pheh Lh ehb Lg" Ailh Lh `jgic gj}hw ehwi Lg `hwzuhb hlhb gjw}inhu h}hf gjkiuz azkh

}jghìlbyh ailh Lg `jgic gj}hw ehwi Lh `hwzuhb hlhb gjw}inhu gh}h" Zbuzl `jgic `jbklhpbyh

pjwchuilhb Uhgj` ="8

Uhgj` ="8 ]inhu `hwzuhb Khwhf

H}h` lhuidb H}h` hbidb pC `hwzuhb khwhf Mdbudc khwhf

Gh}h lzhu H}hf lzhu ;? #Bjuwh`) LI ]w#M`D5)7 BhM`

Gh}h lzhu H}hf `jfhc 2 ;? #Gh}h) LBD7 Gh] BhN

Gh}h `jfhc H}hf lzhu 0 ;? #H}hf) BC5M`D5 H`M`= #BC5)7]D5

Gh}h `jfhc H}hf `jfhc Ujwkhbuzbk bi`hi Lh$Lg H`N= B7C:BD7 #BC5)7]

]inhu khwhf yhbk gjwzph h}hfgh}h huhzpzb bjuwh` ehphu eiaj`h}lhb ejbkhb ldb}jp ciewdì}i}

khwhf" Ciewdì}i} gjwh}h` ehwi lhuh ciewd yhbk gjwhwui hiw ehb ì}i} yhbk gjwhwui pjbkzwhihb"

]jcibkkh ciewdì}i} ehphu eihwuilhb pjbkzwhihb d`jc hiw" Khwhf hlhb gjw}inhu h}hf ailh }hhu

eizwhilhb d`jc hiw fjbkch}i`lhb idb C=D,

huhz C,

ehb hlhb gjw}inhu gh}h ailh yhbk eich}i`lhb

heh`hc idb DC&"

Gjweh}hwlhb pjbaj`h}hb ei huh} khwhf&khwhf yhbk

fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} heh`hc

khwhf ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h `jfhc

khwhf ehwi h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h lzhu

khwhf ehwi h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h `jfhc

Kd Ud @hg

Zbuzl fjbkjuhczi khwhf yhbk ujwciewdì}i} ehphu eiujbuzlhb fj`h`zi pjbkjmjlhb }inhu h}hf ehb

gh}h ehwi khwhf ujw}jgzu" Ghkhifhbh mhwhbyh4 @hlzlhb ljkihuhb gjwilzu"

Jl}pjwifjb Ciewdì}i} Khwhf

Zbuzl fjbkzai khwhf yhbk fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} ehb yhbk uiehl ujwciewdì}i} `hlzlhb ljkihuhb

gjwilzu"

8" Ejbkhb `hlfz} fjwhc ehb `hlfz} giwz ujbuzlhb`hc }inhu fh}ibk&fh}ibk `hwzuhb gjwilzu"

MC=MDDBh ?8 F

BC5M` ?8 F

#BC5)7]D5 ?8 F


5/26

Ciewdì}i} Khwhf ehb L]_ ;?

Bh7] ?8 F

BhM` ?8 F

L7]D5 ?8 F BC5N ?8 F

7" Ujbuzlhb h}hf ehb gh}h pjfgjbuzl khwhf ujw}jgzu"

=" @jbklhpi`hc uhgj` gjwilzu"

Bd Khwhf Gh}h _jfgjbuzlH}hf

_jfgjbuzl

]inhu @hwzuhb

Khwhf

8 MC=MDDBh " " "

7 BC5M` " " "

= #BC5)7]D5 " " "

5 Bh7] " " "

: BhM` " " "

> L7]D5 " " "

; BC5N " " "

5" Mhwi`hc czgzbkhb hbuhwh }inhu `hwzuhb khwhf yhbk Hbeh pjwd`jc ehwi pjbkzaihb

fjbkkzbhlhb ljwuh} `hlfz} ejbkhb }inhu h}hf gh}h pjfgjbuzlbyh"

:" Gzhu`hc lj}ifpz`hb ehwi czgzbkhb pC khwhf ejbkhb }inhu h}hf gh}h pjfgjbuzlbyh(

8" Khwhf ehwi H}hf Lzhu ehb Gh}h LzhuKhwhf yhbk gjwh}h` ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu uiehl fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} ehb gjw}inhu

bjuwh`" Ei eh`hf hiw khwhf ibi fjbkh`hfi idbi}h}i }jfpzwbh fjbahei hbidb ehb lhuidb"

Mdbudc 1 Khwhf BhM` LI L7]D5

Ei eh`hf hiw BhM` ujwidbi}h}i }jfpzwbh fjfgjbuzl idb Bh,

ehb M`&

BhM`#hx) Bh

,

#hx) , M`

&

#hx)Idb Bh

,gjwh}h` ehwi gh}h lzhu ehb idb M`

&gjwh}h` ehwi h}hf lzhu }jcibkkh ljezhbyh uiehl

gjwjhl}i ejbkhb hiw"

Bh,

#hx) , C7D#`) #uiehl heh wjhl}i)

M`hx) , C7D#`) #uiehl heh wjhl}i)

D`jc lhwjbh iuz `hwzuhb ujuhp gjw}inhu bjuwh` #pC6;)

7" Khwhf ehwi H}hf Lzhu ehb Gh}h @jfhcKhwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ejbkhb gh}h `jfhc hlhb fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i}

}jghkihb eh`hf hiw" Mdbudc ehwi khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h `jfhc heh`hc

BC5M`" Khwhf ibi hlhb ujwidbi}h}i }jfpzwbh fjfgjbuzl idb BC5, ehb idb M`&" Idb BC5

, heh`hc

h}hf ldbazkh}i ehwi gh}h `jfhc BC5DC }jcibkkh ehphu fjfgjwilhb idb C,

ljpheh hiw"

]jehbklhb idb M`&

heh`hc gh}h ldbazkh}i ehwi h}hf lzhu CM` }jcibkkh idb ibi uhl fhfpz fjbhwil

idb C,

ehwi hiw"

Wjhl}i yhbk ujwahei ehphu eiuzì}1

BC5M`#hx) BC5,

#hx) , M`

#hx)

BC5,

#hx) , C7D#`) BC5DC#hx) , C,

#hx)

BC5M`#hx) , C7D#`) BC5DC#hx) , C,

#hx) , M`

#hx)

Wjhl}i ehwi khwhf ibi fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} }jghkihb ehb gjw}inhu h}hf lhwjbh ehwi wjhl}i ibi

eich}i`lhb idb C,"

=" Khwhf ehwi H}hf @jfhc ehb Gh}h Lzhu

Khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu hlhb gjw}inhu bjuwh`

,


6/26

Ciewdì}i} Khwhf ehb L]_ ;8

Khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h lzhu hlhb fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} }jghkihb

eh`hf hiw" Mdbudc ehwi khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h lzhu heh`hc MC=MDDBh"

Khwhf ibi hlhb ujwidbi}h}i fjfgjbuzl idb MC=MDD&

ehb idb Bh,

" idb Bh,

heh`hc h}hf ldbazkh}iehwi gh}h lzhu BhDC }jcibkkh uiehl ujwciwdì}i} eh`hf hiw }jehbkhblhb idb MC=MDD

&heh`hc gh}h

ldbazkh}i ehwi h}hf `jfhc MC=MDDC }jcibkkh ehphu fjbhwil idb C,

ehwi hiw" Ei eh`hf hiw

MC=MDDBh hlhb ujwidbi}h}i }jfpzwbh fjbzwzu pjw}hfhhb wjhl}i"

MC=MDDBh#hx) Bh,#hx ) , MC=MDD

#hx)

MC=MDDhx) , C7D#`) MC=MDDC#hx) , DC

hx)

MC=MDDBh#hx) , C7D#`) MC=MDDC#hx) , Bh,

#hx) , DC

#hx)

Wjhl}i ehwi khwhf ibi fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} }jghkihb ehb gjw}inhu gh}h lhwjbh ehwi wjhl}i ibi

eich}i`lhb idb DC&"

5" Khwhf ehwi H}hf @jfhc ehb Gh}h Lzhu]h`hc }huz mdbudc khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf `jfhc ehb gh}h `jfhc heh`hc BC 5MC=MDD" Eieh`hf hiw BC5MC=MDD hlhb ujwidbi}h}i }jfpzwbh fjbahei idb BC5

,ehb idb MC=MDD

&" BC5

,

fjwzphlhb h}hf ldbazkh}i ehwi gh}h `jfhc BC5DC yhbk hlhb fjfgjwilhb idb C,

eh`hf hiw"

Ejfilihb pz`h ejbkhb idb MC=MDD

fjwzphlhb gh}h ldbazkh}i ehwi h}hf `jfhc MC=MDDC ehb

azkh hlhb gjwjhl}i ejbkhb hiw ejbkhb fjbkhfgi` idb C,

ehwi hiw" Wjhl}i yhbk ujwahei ehphu

eiuzì}lhb }jghkhi gjwilzu"

MC=MDDBC5#hx) BC5,

#hx) , MC=MDD

#hx)

BC5,

#hx) , C7D#`) BC5DC#hx) , C,

#hx)

MC=MDD

#hx) , C7D#`) MC=MDDC#hx) , DC

#hx)

MC=MDDBC5#hx) ,7 C7D#`) MC=MDDC#hx) , BC5DC#hx) , C,

#hx) , DC

#hx)

_heh ch}i` wjhl}i ujwehphu idb C

,

ehb DC

" Ahei khwhf ibi gi}h gjw}inhu h}hf gh}h huhz bjuwhùjwkhbuzbk ehwi ljlzhuhb h}hf ehb ljlzhuhb gh}h ehwi h}hf ehb gh}h pjfgjbuzlbyh" Ljlzhuhb

h}hf ehb gh}h gjw}hbklzuhb eiuzbazllhb d`jc chwkh Lh #ujuhphb idbi}h}i h}hf `jfhc) ehb Lg

#ujuhphb idbi}h}i gh}h `jfhc)"

Ailh chwkh Lh 2 Lg gjwhwui \C,V 2 \DC

V }jcibkkh khwhf gjw}inhu h}hf"


V }jcibkkh khwhf gjw}inhu gh}h"


V }jcibkkh khwhfgjw}inhu bjuwh`"

,

Mcjfimh` Uj}u

8" Aj`h}lhb yhbk Hbeh ljuhczi ujbuhbk ciewdì}i}4

7" Ujbuzlhb }inhu h}hf gh}h ehb ajbi} wjhl}i ciewdì}i} ehwi khwhf gjwilzu 1

h" BhNg" LMB

m" BC5I

e" MC=MDDBC5 #Lh MC=MDDC 6 83 s 8?&:

Lg BC5DC 6 83 s 8?&:

)

=" Uzì}lhb wjhl}i ciewdì}i} zbuzl khwhf gjwilzu 1

h" BC5N

g" LMB

m" H`7#]D5)=

e" BhGw

j" L7MD=

,


7/26


G" Fjbkciuzbk pC @hwzuhb KhwhfWjhl}i ciewdì}i} khwhf fjwzphlhb wjhl}i pj`hwzuhb khwhf eh`hf hiw" [h`hzpzb azf`hc

khwhf yhbk ujwciewdì}i} chbyh`hc }jeiliu ujuhpi ch` iuz gi}h fjwzghc pC `hwzuhb" _heh ciewdì}i}

khwhf eiljbh` i}ui`hc ujuhphb ciewdì}i} #Lc) yhbk eikzbhlhb zbuzl fjbzbazllhb lj}juifghbkhb

ciewdì}i} }jmhwh lzhbuiuhuin" Ujuhphb ciewdì}i} #Lc) ujwlhiu ejbkhb ujuhphb idbi}h}i h}hf #Lh) ehb

ujuhphb idbi}h}i gh}h #Lg) }jwuh ehphu eikzbhlhb zbuzl fjbjbuzlhb pC `hwzuhb khwhf"

8" _C `hwzuhb khwhf ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhuKhwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu uiehl fjbkh`hfi ciewdì}i} eh`hf hiw

}jcibkkh }inhu khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl hlhb gj}inhu bjuwh`" ]jcibkkh ehphu liuh }ifpz`lhb zbuzl

khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h lzhu fjfiìli pC 6 ;

mdbudc ehwi khwhf ibi heh`hc BhM` LI Bh7]D5 BhBD= Fk#M`D5)7 ehb }jghkhibyh"

7" pC `hwzuhb khwhf ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb gh}h `jfhcLiuh hfgi` mdbudc khwhf BC5M` yhbk fjwzphlhb khwhf yhbk ujwgjbuzl ehwi h}hf lzhu ehb

gh}h `jfhc" Khwhf BC5M` ei eh`hf hiw hlhb ujwzwhi fjbahei BC5,

ehb M`

" BC5,

fjwzphlhb gh}h

ldbazkh}i lzhu ehb ehphu gjwjhl}i ejbkhb hiw fjbzwzu pjw}hfhhb wjhl}i gjwilzu"

BC5,#hx) , C7D#` ) BC5DC#hx) , C

,#hx)

Huhz

BC5,

#hx) , C7D#` ) BC=#hx) , C=D

,

#hx)Ailh BC= eigjwi }ifgd` G fhlh pjw}hfhhb wjhl}i ei huh} ehphu eiuzì}lhb

GC,#hx) G#hx) , C

,#hx)

Ujuhphb ciewdì}i} #Lc) ehphu eiuzì}lhb }jghkhi gjwilzu"

ejbkhb Lc 6 ujuhphb ciewdì}i}

\GV 6 Ldb}jbuwh}i gh}h yhbk eich}i`lhb

\C,V 6 Ldb}jbuwhi} idb C,

\GC,V 6 Ldb}jbuwh}i khwhf yhbk ujwciewdì}i}

Chwkh ujuhphb ciewdì}i} #Lc) ehphu eiczgzbklhb ejbkhb ujuhphb idbi}h}i gh}h `jfhc #Lg) ehb

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8/26

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9/26


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10/26

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11/26

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12/26

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13/26


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14/26


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16/26

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17/26


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18/26

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19/26


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20/26

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21/26

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22/26

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23/26


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24/26


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=" Fjbkhph }uh`hkuiu uzfgzc mjphu pheh hìwhb hiw yhbk mjphu4
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunanihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunanihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_kapurhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggrishttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengendapanhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_karbonat&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_kapurhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batuhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksidahttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_bikarbonat&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_bikarbonat&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumus_kimiahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalactitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalactitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalactitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalactitehttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udarahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumus_kimiahttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_bikarbonat&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_bikarbonat&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksidahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batuhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_kapurhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_karbonat&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengendapanhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggrishttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_kapurhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani


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26/26

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