Higgs Particfdles

8/16/2019 Higgs Particfdles

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Higgs Particle

Presented by-Pragyan Phukan

PHY14001


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Higgs Particles

An elementary particleHiggs boson is the quantum excitation of the Higgs

eld- which is responsible for the masses offundamental particles.

The Higgs particle was named after the British

theorist Peter Higgs who along with !obert Broutand "rancis #nglert theorised its existence in $%&'.

()obel Pri*e on +ecember ,$/

Although Higgs name has come to be associatedwith this theory0 se1eral researcher between $%&

and $%2, independently de1eloped di3erent partsof it.

4n 5uly '0 ,$, 6#!)7s 8H6 disco1ered Higgsparticle.


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Properties of HiggsParticles

Particle Type #lementary

9tatistics Bose -#instein

9pin 6harge e

:ass $,;

Particle Type #lementary

9tatistics Bose -#instein

9pin

6harge e

:ass


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Higgs Boson decays into twophotons===


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Higgs Boson in 9tandard :odel

• Properties and Forces between elementary

particles SM auge Symmetry• auge Symmetry represent

interaction between particles mediated by

auge boson!• "ut by around 1#$0% Scientists &ailed to

e'plain masses o& gauge bosons usingauge Symmetry

• (n 1#$)% Philip *nderson +"roken Symmetry,

:issing Piece of >auge

?9upersymmetry@

)eed for a

new Physics


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ocal auge Symmetry "reaking andHiggs Mechanism

9pontaneous 9ymmetry

Breaing Chen all theterms of the lagrangianare in1ariant under the

gauge symmetry butthe minimum energystate or the 1acuum

state don7t respect thesymmetry0 then the

symmetry is said to bespontaneously broen.

Higgs :echanism TheHiggs mechanism isthe way that gauge

boson and chiral

fermions dynamicallyacquire mass.


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The 8agrangian for complex

scalar eld is gi1en by-

8ocal >auge transformation

@ DThe 8agrangian 0 is not in1ariant

under local >auge

transformation.To mae the 8agrangian

in1ariant

•

auge eld !edene a 6o1ariant +eri1ati1e


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The E?$@ local gauge in1ariant 8agrangian

Potential

with

•

6ircleof:inim

/uation o& acircle

)omasstermfor


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11/21Me'ican Hate Potential

The Ballcanspontanously chooseanydirectionto rolldown


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Facuum for

The 1acuum solution in terms of

fluctuations and G

8agrangian ..

4""-+iagonal Term

>auge correction and "inal 8agrangian D

The massi1e scalar which is termed asHiggs particle.

•


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isorderness 2rderness

H23 2


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• (n the beginning o& the uni5erse% Higgs

boson were mo5ing and 6ooming around theuni5erse at incredible speed!

• As uni1erse cooled at some point Higgsboson fro*en e1erywhere and lled up

theentire uni1erse.

• 3he particular 3emperature was 4 uadrillion

degrees!#nough for Higgs bosonto get fro*en.


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H P ti l > t Th i


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How Particles >et Their:assesII


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Higgs slows down theParticles


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Cithout Higgs0 wee1aporate in a billionth of

seconds ===



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3H*78 Y29

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Higgs Particfdles