High Performance Gas Expansion System for Halon-FreE CargO

Proprietary to ECOSYTEM consortium - CONFIDENTIAL

High Performance Gas Expansion System for Halon-FreE CargO Hold

Fire Suppression SystemECOSYSTEM

Clean Sky 2 – AIRFRAME-ITD

Consortium Partners Topic Manager

FAA IASFPF, April 2021 Collins Aerospace [ART Ireland]: Changmin Cao, El Hassan Ridouane [Avionics]: Adam Chattaway, Hitesh Mistry, Francois Petetin, Francois Breton [GEC-P]: Weronika Batog, Lukasz Turek [Interiors]: Detlev Degenhardt, Carlos Manglano, Gerrit Krause

Airbus: Andre Freiling, Rainer Beuermann Fraunhofer: Arnav Pathak, Marie Pschirer

This document does not contain any export controlled technical data

AdamAGENDA

ECOSYSTEM Project Overview

Objectives and Expected Impact

Requirements Specification

Description of the Demonstrator

System Design Modeling

Testing at Fraunhofer

Summary/Next Steps

RTX PROPRIETARY • This page does not contain any export controlled technical data 2

BACKGROUNDECOSYSTEM is an EU funded Clean Sky 2 project

Project started October 2019 and will run until September 2021

Max EU contribution of k€699

Project effort 74 person months

Topic Leader – Airbus

SCOPE AND POSITIONINGDevelop an environmentally friendly and economically viable halon-free cargo hold fire suppression system

TRL 5 demonstration in relevant environment at Fraunhofer facility

ECOSYSTEM OVERVIEW

C o n s o r t i u m P a r t n e r s

ART

KIDDE

L’HOTELLIER

B/E Aerospace

GEC-P

Adam


Kidde had previously carried out investigations into inert gas for cargo compartment fire protection at full scale

• Good results obtained for all 4 MPS scenarios

• Link to Kidde Presentation (May 2016, Toulouse)

Cranfield EFFICIENT Project

• EU funded project under Clean Sky 2

• Demonstrated that nitrogen could pass MPS criteria

• Link to EFFICIENT Presentation (October 2019, Atlantic City)

Both of the above test programs used “industrial, COTS hardware”

The aim of this work is to mature the technology to TRL-5, using lightweight components that could be fitted to an aircraft

PREVIOUS STUDIES

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Bulk load Cargo test KR

KR unsuppresssed

KR suppressed test 63

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Suppressed test

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Panfire Mid level, peak temperature

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KR T136 Suppressed

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LD3 Containerised load Peak temperatures

test 66 KR unsupp

test 70 KR N2

Unsuppressed test

Suppressed test

Sources: Publication data

Adam

Previous studies with inert gas


https://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/pdf/systems/May16Meeting/Chattaway-0516-Cargo.pdf

https://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/2019Conference/files/Cargo_Halon_Replacement_II/StefanisGreenTechnologyCargo/StefanisCargoPresWeb.pdf

ECOSYSTEM OBJECTIVESAdam

Project objectives:

Develop requirements and KPIs with the topic manager

Develop and assess system architecture options with respect to optimal placement and integration of components into demonstrator

Design system components

Perform trade studies to evaluate component options based on weight, volume, safety impact, certification complexity

Perform a thorough safety/risk analysis at system level

Model performance of demonstrator using CFD and stress analysis

Characterize system performance at component and system level

Test prototype at Fraunhofer Institute (Holzkirchen, Germany) and evaluate its performance


Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 of the European Parliament on substances that deplete the ozone layer

Elimination of a highly ozone-depleting and global warming substance

Replace halon by nitrogen, a sustainable alternative to an ozone-depleting and global warming gas

Successfully use inert gas in aerospace

Having this technology at TRL 5 is a step further to bringing a product to market

Strengthen European aerospace industry competitiveness

EXPECTED IMPACT

Halon 1301 availability

Oct18Meeting/Verdonik-1018-XXIX-8.pdf

Adam

Project expected impact:


https://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/pdf/systems/Oct18Meeting/Verdonik-1018-XXIX-8.pdf

Discharge times for knock-down and long-term suppression

Oxygen level reduction to below a defined threshold

Avoid over-pressure in cargo compartment

Temperature ranges (operating, short time operation, ground survival)

Flight phases (ground, cruise, descent)

Bottle size

System interface

Demonstrator design needs to meet a set of requirements

AdamREQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION


Lightweight Composite Cylinders – 4 off used for High Rate Discharge (HRD) and 3 off used

for Low Rate Discharge (LRD)

Valve Assemblies – Includes Safety Burst Disc, Pressure Gauge

Cylinder connected via flexible hoses to 2 Manifolds, (one for HRD one for LRD)

HRD and LRD lines each have pressure regulator & flow restrictor, to maintain desired flow

rate of nitrogen

Entire demonstrator is housed in a stainless steel fabricated box

To characterize the mass and volume flow rate of the gas flow a number of pressure

transducers, thermocouples and flow meters will be installed within HRD and LRD lines

The Demonstrator comprises of following components

AdamDEMONSTRATOR OVERVIEW


Modelling process for components selection

0D unsteady code that outputs oxygen concentration (at different flight phases and temperature conditions) to down-select cylinders by calculating required mass flow rates.

1D hydraulic calculator for pipe network modelling to down-select outlet pressure of regulator and orifice size of flow restrictor.

Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modelling to evaluate oxygen concentration distribution in three-dimensional cargo compartment.

Modelling tools :

ChangminSYSTEM DESIGN MODELING


Determine required mass flow rate for HRD

Minimum mass flow rate for HRD is restricted by discharge time to achieve required oxygen concentration

B< A C> A B< A C> A

Maximum mass flow rate for HRD is restricted by allowed over-pressure

Mass flow rate A is selected for HRD as it meets requirements of over-pressure and discharge time.

Over-pressure Time to required O2 is too long

ChangminHRD MASS FLOW RATE


Piping network modelling for regulator and restrictor sizes selection

Regulator outlet pressure of HRD Restrictor Size Selection for HRD and LRD

HRD LRD

Restrictor

Regulator

Nozzle

ChangminREGULATOR AND FLOW RESTRICTOR


CFD simulation to evaluate 3D oxygen concentration distribution in cargo compartment

Ambient condition

Cold condition

3D oxygen volume fraction

Higher O2 vol. fraction near floor at LRD stage because of low jet momentum.

Higher O2 vol. fraction at cold condition

Required oxygen concentration

Required oxygen concentration

ChangminAGENT DISPERSION MODELLING


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lLow-pressure chamber:Length: 30 m

Internal diameter : 9.6 m

Low pressure (absolute): 116 hPa

Low pressure (subject testing) : 750 hPa

Cabin air conditions:Air temperature: -20 °C to +30 °C

Relative humidity: 5 % to 65 % at 20 °C

Realistic simulations of noise and vibration

Aircraft outer skin temperature:Temperature: -30°C to +40 °C (for A310 mock-up)

Temperature: -55°C to +85°C (for business jet mock-ups)

This page does not contain any export controlled technical data

AdamFRAUNHOFER FLIGHT TEST FACILITY

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ECOSYSTEM demonstrator will be installed and tested at Fraunhofer flight test facility

https://www.hoki.ibp.fraunhofer.de/vr/virtual-tour_IBP/#tabpanel-Virtueller%20Rundgang%20Fraunhofer%20IBP

Flight Test Facility virtual tour is available through this link:


AdamTESTING AT FRAUNHOFER

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https://www.hoki.ibp.fraunhofer.de/vr/virtual-tour_IBP/#tabpanel-Virtueller%20Rundgang%20Fraunhofer%20IBP

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Cargo Hold with door leakage, pressure management system and agent injection nozzles, conforming with MPS requirements


AdamCARGO HOLD SETUP

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AdamPROJECT STATUS

System requirements defined

Demonstrator design complete, CDR signed off ; components

ordered

Safety/risk analysis at system level has been performed

Performance of demonstrator has been modelled using CFD;

additional flight cases being evaluated

LRD system performance is being optimized

Testing at Fraunhofer Institute planned

Industrialization plan has been completed


This work represents the next stage in the development of inert gas for cargo

compartment fire suppression applications (TRL-5)

Simulated altitude testing (reduced temperature and pressure) at Fraunhofer

represents an exciting next step in the TRL development

CFD modelling has been used to validate our approach; will reduce the number

of tests required at Fraunhofer Institute

We look forward to reporting the results at a subsequent Forum meeting

Planned further developments and refinements to the ECOSYSTEM

Demonstrator will allow for flight tests to be carried out

AdamSUMMARY AND NEXT STEPS


EU Clean Sky 2 for funding

Airbus as Topic Manager

• Rainer Beuermann, Nadine Gomm, Andre Freiling

Fraunhofer Team

• Arnav Pathak, Marie Pschirer, Victor Norrefeldt

Collins Aerospace Team

• El Hassan Ridouane, Laurie O’Sullivan, Hitesh Mistry, Francois Petetin, Francois Breton, Detlev Degenhardt, Carlos Manglano, Gerrit Krause, Weronika Batog, Lukasz Turek

FAA Tech Center

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAdam


Documents

High Performance Gas Expansion System for Halon-FreE CargO