MODULARIZACE VUKY EVOLUN A EKOLOGICK BIOLOGIECZ.1.07/2.2.00/15.0204

Historick vvoj systmu placentlnch savc(podle prof. Ivana Horka)

187218661758 1817

194519101950(1966)

20011997

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema natur per regna tria natur, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio d i f t [1 4] 1 824decima, reformata. - pp. [1-4], 1-824.

MAMMALIA

UnguiculataOrdo: Primates (Primates - primti, Dermoptera - letuchy, Chiroptera -

letouni))Ordo: Bruta (Proboscidea - chobotnatci, Sirenia - sirny, Bradypodidae

lenochodi, Myrmecophagidae - mravenenci, Pholidota luskouni)Ordo: Ferae (Carnivora - elmy)Ordo: Ferae (Carnivora elmy)Ordo: Bestiae (Suidae - prasatovit, Tayassuidae pekariovit,

Dasypodidae - psovci, Erinaceidae - jekovit, Talpidae -krtkovit Didelphidae - vaicovit)krtkovit, Didelphidae - vaicovit)

Ordo: Glires (Rhinocerotidae - nosorocovit, Lagomorpha, Rodentia)Ungulata

Ordo: Pecora (Tylopoda - mozolnatci, Ruminantia - pevkavci)Ordo: Belluae (Equidae - koovit, Hippopotamidae - hrochovit)

MuticaMutica

Ordo: Cete (Cetacea - kytovci)

Cuvier, G. 1817. Le rgne animal distribu d'aprs son organisation, pour servir de base l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction l'anatomie compare. Volume 4. 1-255. Deterville. Paris.MAMMALIAOrdo: Bimanes (Homo)Ordo: Quadrumanes (Primates excl. Homo)Ordo: Carnasiers

Cheiroptres (Dermoptera, Chiroptera)Insectivores (Erinaceidae, Soricidae, Talpidae, Chrysochloridae)

Ordo: CarnivoresPlantigrades (Procyonidae, nkte Mustelidae)g yDigitigrades (nkte Mustelidae, Canidae, Viverridae, Hyaenidae, Felidae)Amphibes (Pinnipedia)Marsupiaux (Marsupialia)

Ordo: Rongeurs (incl. Lagomorpha)g g pA clavicules (Rodentia s claviculou, primt Daubentonia)San clavicules (Rodentia bez claviculy, Lagomorpha)

Ordo: EdentsTardigrada (psovci)

g pdents ordinaires (Dasypodidae - psovci, Manidae - luskouni, Myrmecophagidae -

mravenenci, Tubulidentata - hrabi, Monotrems (Monotremata)Ordo: Pachydermes

Proboscidea chobotnatciPachyderms ordinaries (hroi, prasata, damani, Ceratomorpha tapi a nosoroci)Solipdes (Equidae)

Ordo: Ruminans (Tylopoda, Ruminantia)Sans cornes (Camelidae - velbloudovit a Tragulidae - kanilovit)Avec cornes (Ruminantia excl. kanilovit)

Ordo: CtacsHerbivores (Sirenia) - sirnyOrdinaires (Cetacea) - kytovci

Flower, W. H., 1883. On the arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883:178-186Mammalia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883:178 186

zalambdodontn stolika

t hl typhlon = caecum

dilambdodontn stolika

Ernst Haeckel Theodore Gill

Z dvodu ochrany osobnch daj znemonila aplikace PowerPoint automatick staen tohoto externho obrzku. Chcete-li jej sthnout a zobrazit, k lepnte na panelu zprv na poloku Monosti a pak klepnte na monost Povolit extern obsah.

Gregory, W.K., 1910. The orders of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 27:1-524

elmy a vichni kopytnciDrpy a nehty elmy a vichni kopytnciDrpy a nehtySimpson, G. G. , 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 85:1-350

FERUNGULATAFERUNGULATA

Butler, 1956 a Le gros Clark, 1958 stavba onice

Encephalizan indexm (mozek)m (tlo)

log

Podle rozmstn klk se rozliuj:[1 difzn placenta (placenta diffusa) klky jsou vyvinut na celm povrchu 1. difzn placenta (placenta diffusa) klky jsou vyvinut na celm povrchu choria (nap. k, prase)2. kotyledonov placenta (placenta cotyledonata s. multiplex) klky jsou vyvinuty v ur. okrscch (nap. pevkavci)y y ( p p )3. psov placenta (placenta zonaria) klky jsou uspodan v psu kolmo na podlnou osu choriovho vaku (elmy)4. diskoidln placenta (placenta discoidea) klky na povrchu choria uspodny v kruhu i teri (nap primti i hlodavci)v kruhu i teri (nap. primti i hlodavci)

Dle se dl placenty podle toho, jak intimn jsou spojeny klky s dlon sliznic. Z tohoto hlediska dl placenty do tchto typ:p y yp1. placenta epiteliochorialis vlastn semiplacenta, choriov klky pronikaj pouze do prohlubn v sliznici; jinak je vak krevn obh matky a plodu oddlen velice dkladn (esti vrstvami), nap. k a prase2 placenta syndesmochorialis choriov klky pronikaj do pruhlubn v placent 2. placenta syndesmochorialis choriov klky pronikaj do pruhlubn v placent a k epitelu dlon sliznice; zde msty vytvej plazmodiln tk (i spe syncytium); nap. pevkavci3. placenta endoteliochorialis choriov klky ji vrstaj hloubji do sliznice p y j j jmatky, pronikaj epitelem dlohy i vazivem; typick pro psovou placentu elem4. placenta hemochorialis choriov klky prorstaj jet hloubji a naruuj i endotel cv matky; tm se epitel klk zane omvat krv matky (nap. primti i hlodavci)hlodavci).

McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp.

Pilosa = lenochodi a mravenenciCingulata = psovci

Murphy, W. J., Eizirik, E., OBrien, S. J., Madsen, O., Scally, M., Douady, C., Teeling, E. C., Ryder, O. A., Stanhope, M., De Jong, W. W. and M. S. Springer. 2001. Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics. Science 294: 2348-2351.

Systm PlacentaliaMurphy, W. J., Pringle, T., Crider, T., Springer, M. S., and W. Miller. 2007. Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Genome Research 17: 413-421.

97

91

87

BoreoeutheriaLaurasiatheria

E h t li s

73Placentalia

105 Euarchontoglires

Xenarthra

125Eomaia

103AtlantogenataXenarthra

Afrotheriaf