Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 2015 Edition Census and Statistics Department Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 2015 Edition 250 6 (852) 2887 9634(852) 2887 5117 itsurvey@censtatd.gov.hk Enquiries about this publication can be directed to : Science and Technology Statistics Section Fortress Tower Sub-office Census and Statistics Department Address : 6/F Fortress Tower, 250 Kings Road, North Point, Hong Kong. Tel. : (852) 2887 9634Fax : (852) 2887 5117 E-mail : itsurvey@censtatd.gov.hk Website of the Census and Statistics Department www.censtatd.gov.hk 20155 Published in May 2015 This publication is available in download version only 2015 i Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Contents Page List of Tablesii List of Chartsv Introductionvii Overviewix 1Chapter 1Operating Characteristics of the Information and Communication Technology Sector 1 2 Chapter 2Imports and Exports of Information and Communication Technology Goods 11 3 Chapter 3Access To and Use of Information and Communication Technology 23 4Chapter 4Human Resources and Education in Information Technology 43 Appendices ATerms and Definitions55 BEnquiry Telephone Numbers67 CMeans of Obtaining Publications of the Census and Statistics Department 69 2015 ii Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region List of Tables Page 1.1.Operating Characteristics of the Information and Communication Technology Sector 1.1 Table 1.1Keystatisticsontheinformationand communicationtechnology(ICT) sector 5 1.2 Table 1.2Researchanddevelopment(R&D) activitiesintheinformationand communicationtechnology(ICT) sector 7 1.3Table 1.3Numberofoperatorsin telecommunications industry 8 1.4 Table 1.4BusinessreceiptsofInternetservice providers by type of services provided 9 2.2.ImportsandExportsofInformationand Communication Technology Goods 2.1 Table 2.1Imports and exports of all information and communication technology goods 16 2.2 Table 2.2Imports by main supplier and exports bymaindestinationof telecommunications equipment 17 2.3 Table 2.3Imports by main supplier and exports bymaindestinationofcomputerand related equipment 18 2.4 Table 2.4Imports by main supplier and exports bymaindestinationofelectronic components 19 2.5 Table 2.5Imports by main supplier and exports bymaindestinationofaudioand video equipment 20 2.6 Table 2.6Imports by main supplier and exports bymaindestinationofother informationandcommunication technology goods 21 2015 iii Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Page 3.3.AccessToandUseofInformationand Communication Technology 3.1 Table 3.1Key statistics on access to information and communication technology (ICT) 28 3.2Table 3.2Wireline telephone services30 3.3Table 3.3Public mobile services31 3.4Table 3.4External telecommunications traffic33 3.5Table 3.5Internet services34 3.6 Table 3.6Statisticsonuseofinformationand communicationtechnology(ICT)by households and individuals 36 3.7 Table 3.7Statisticsonuseofinformationand communicationtechnology(ICT)by businesses 38 3.8 Table 3.8Totalinformationtechnology(IT) expenditure in the business sector as a ratiotoGrossDomesticProduct (GDP) 39 3.9Table 3.9Computerisation in the Government40 3.10Table 3.10Governmentinformationtechnology staff 40 3.11Table 3.11Governmentspendingoninformation technology (IT) 41 4.4.HumanResourcesandEducationin Information Technology 4.1 Table 4.1Manpowerstructureofthe information technology (IT) sector by job category 47 4.2 Table 4.2Distribution of information technology (IT) employees by industry grouping 49 4.3 Table 4.3Graduatesofinformationtechnology programmesfundedbyUniversity Grants Committee (UGC) by level of study 51 4.4 Table 4.4Numberofinformationtechnology (IT)coursesofferedbyEducation Bureauforprimaryandsecondary school teachers by course type 52 2015 iv Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Page 4.5 Table 4.5Number of teachers who had attended informationtechnology(IT)courses offeredbyEducationBureaufor primary and secondary school teachers by course type 53 4.6 Table 4.6Informationtechnology(IT) coordinators/ITin-chargeofprimary and secondary schools 54 4.7 Table 4.7Secondaryschoolteachersteaching informationtechnology/computer studies 54 2015 v Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region List of Charts Page Overview 2013 Chart AR&D in ICT sector, 2013x 20092014 Chart BExternal trade of ICT goods, 2009 and 2014 x 20042014 Chart CNumberoffixedtelephonelinesand publicmobilesubscriptionsper100 population, 2004-2014 xi 20092014 Chart DProportionofInternetconnectionin households, 2009 and 2014 xii 1.1.OperatingCharacteristicsofthe Information and Communication Technology Sector 1.12013 Chart 1.1Distributionofvalueaddedofthe informationandcommunication technology(ICT)sectorbyeconomic activity in 2013 6 1.22013 Chart 1.2Distributionofnumberofpersons engagedintheinformationand communication technology (ICT) sector by economic activity in 2013 6 4. 4.HumanResourcesandEducationin Information Technology 4.12014 Chart 4.1Manpower structure of the information technology (IT) sector by job category, 2014 48 4.22014 Chart 4.2Distributionofinformationtechnology (IT)employeesbyindustrygrouping, 2014 50 2015 vii Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Introduction Overthelasttwodecades,wehavewitnesseda period of unprecedented changes in information and communication technology (ICT) and the pervasive adoptionofanincreasingnumberofICT-related products/servicessuchaspersonalcomputer, Internetandmobilephoneinbusiness,homeand community.Thispublicationpresentsrelevant statistical indicators on the developments in various aspectsofICTforgaugingtheprogressofHong Kong towards an information society. Thestatisticalframeworkadoptedinthis publicationmainlyfollowstheinternational guidelinesonmeasuringinformationsociety promulgatedbytheUnitedNationsandthe OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationand Development.Thestatisticaldimensionsofan informationsocietycoversuchaspectsasICT supply, ICT products, ICT infrastructure, and use of ICTbybusinesses,households/individualsand government.Theorganisationofthecontentsof this publication is as follows: 1 Chapter 1highlightsthevalueaddedand employmentinrespectoftheICTsector, comprising a cluster of industries engaged in the supply of ICT goods and services in Hong Kong; 2 Chapter 2presentsthesituationaboutthe import and export trade of ICT goods; 3 Chapter 3portraystheICTinfrastructureas well as the accessibility and use of ICT in the business,householdandgovernmentsectors; and 4 Chapter 4describesthesituationofhuman resourcesinrespectofinformation technology. 2015 viii Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Symbols - N.A. Thefollowingsymbolsareusedthroughoutthe publication: -Not applicable N.A.Not available Rounding of figures Figures or percentages of components may not add up to the respective totals owing to rounding. Calculation of percentage changes Percentagechangesarederivedfromunrounded figures. Financial year -2013-142013412014331 Unlessotherwisespecified,thesymbol- representsfinancialyear.Forexample,2013-14 means the financial year starting from 1 April 2013 and ending on 31 March 2014. 2015 ix Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Overview 1. 1.Aninformationsocietyisfeaturedbythe widespreadadoptionofinformationand communication technology (ICT) in business, home and the community at large.This is crucial for an economy to enhance its competitiveness and further its development towards a knowledge economy. 2. 2.Statisticsusedformeasuringtheinformation society can be categorised into three main aspects, viz.,ICTsupply,ICTinfrastructureandICTuse. TheICTsectorcomprisesaclusterofindustries engagedinthesupplyofICTgoodsandservices which are primarily intended to fulfill or enable the functionsofinformationprocessingand communicationbyelectronicmeans,including transmission and display. 3. 3.StatisticalindicatorsonICTinfrastructure (suchasfixedtelephonelines,mobiletelephone subscribersandInternetsubscribers)revealthe degreeofreadinessofaneconomyinmoving towards an information society. 4. 4.DemandforICTgoodsandservicesis measured mainly by statistics on the use of ICT by businesses, households/individuals and government as well as the technology for adoption of ICT goods and services in an economy. 5. 20131,393 6.6%2013129 8003.5% 5.In2013,thevalueaddedoftheICTsector amountedto$139.3billion,representing6.6%of theGrossDomesticProductatbasicprices.In termsofemploymentsize,some129 800persons were engaged in ICT sector in 2013, accounting for 3.5% of the total employment. 2015 x Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 6. 2013 38 53.7% 2013 54.3% 6.IndustriesintheICTsectoraretechnology intensive.In2013,expenditureonresearchand development (R&D) in the ICT sector amounted to $3.8 billion, accounting for 53.7% of the total R&D expenditureinthebusinesssectorofHongKong. The ICT sector also has the highest concentration of R&Dpersonnel.In2013,54.3%ofthetotal numberofR&Dpersonnel(measuredintermsof full-timeequivalent)inthebusinesssectorwere engaged in the ICT sector. 7. 2014 51.5%55.5% 7.The imports and exports of ICT goods play an important role in the external trade of Hong Kong. In 2014, the import value of ICT goods accounted for51.5%ofthetotalvalueofimportsofgoods. The corresponding proportion for the total exports (including domestic exports and re-exports) of ICT goods was 55.5%. Proportion of total export value of ICT goods in the total value of exports of goods 2013 Chart A: R&D in ICT sector, 2013 ICT goods Other goods 20092014 Chart B: External trade of ICT goods, 2009 and 2014 2013 R&D expenditure in ICT sector as % of total R&D expenditure in the business sector in 2013 2013 R&D personnel in ICT sector as % of total R&D personnel in the business sector in 2013 Proportion of import value of ICT goods in the total value of imports of goods ICT sector Other business sectors 46.3%53.7%45.7%54.3%54.2 48.5 45.8 51.5 0204060801002009 2014%51.7 44.5 48.3 55.5 0204060801002009 2014%2015 xi Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 8. 2000 60 2000 2014 239 8.Afteralongperiodofsustainedgrowth,the fixedlinetelephonymarketinHongKonghas becomesaturatedinrecentyears,maintaininga levelofaround60fixedtelephonelinesper100 population since 2000.In contrast, the number of publicmobilesubscriptionshassurpassedthatof the fixed telephone lines since 2000 and continued to grow remarkably, attaining a level of 239 public mobile subscribers per 100 population in 2014. 0501001502002502004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Number (per 100 population)Fixed telephone linesPublic mobile subscriptions 9.200464.9%201478.7% 2014 31174 9.Duringthepastdecade,Internetusagehas generallybeenontheriseinHongKong.The proportion of households having personal computers at home connected to Internet went up from 64.9% in 2004 to 78.7% in 2014.The robust growth in theInternetmarketislargelyattributabletothe popularityofbroadbandaccessservicesandthe widespread use of mobile broadband services.In 2014,thenumberoffixedbroadbandInternet subscribers reached 31 per 100 population in Hong Kong.Thecorrespondingfigureformobile broadband subscribers was much higher, being 174. 20042014 Chart C: Number of fixed telephone lines and public mobile subscriptions per 100 population, 2004-2014 2015 xii Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 10.2008/09 2013/14 2 300 10.Educationandtrainingininformation technology(IT)enablethesupplyofhuman resources with the right skills in support of the ICT developmentandapplication.Duringthe academicyearsof2008/09to2013/14,thetotal number of graduates of the IT programmes funded by the University Grants Committee hovered around the level of 2 300 in each academic year. 11. 11.Overallspeaking,theavailabilityofan efficient ICT infrastructure and the widespread use of ICT in the business community are some of the enablingfactorsinshapingthedevelopmentof Hong Kong towards a knowledge economy. 21.3%78.7%26.7%73.3% With Internet connection Without Internet connection 20092014 Chart D: Proportion of Internet connection in households, 2009 and 2014 2009 2014 2015 1 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1Chapter 1 Operating Characteristics of the Information and Communication Technology Sector Introduction 1.1 1.1Emergenceofthe "e-Economy"hasopened upanewwaveofdemandforinformationand communicationtechnology(ICT)goodsand services.Businesses taking advantage of the new technology come forth to capture the opportunities broughtaboutbythisemergingmarket.New economic activities take form, while many existing companiesre-orientatetheirbusinessstrategiesto capitalise on these new opportunities. 1.2 1.2ICT products refer to goods and services that areprimarilyintendedtofulfillorenablethe functionsofinformationprocessingand communicationbyelectronicmeans,including transmissionanddisplay.The"ICTsector" representsaclusterofindustriesengagedinthe manufacture of and distribution of ICT goods (e.g. telecommunicationsequipmentandcomputeras well as their parts and components) and the supply ofICTservices(e.g.telecommunicationsnetwork operation and Internet access services). 1.3 1.3ThisChapterdescribestheoperating characteristicsoftheICTsectorinHongKong. Analysesaremainlybasedondatacollected through the Annual Survey of Economic Activities conducted by the Census and Statistics Department. 2015 2 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Operating Characteristics of the ICT Sector 1.4 2013 17 100129 8002013 3.5%1.1 1.4In2013,thereweresome17 100business establishments engaged in the ICT sector.Around 129800personswereengagedinthesector, representing 3.5% of the total employment in Hong Kong in 2013.It should be noted that figures on thenumberofpersonsengagedintheICTsector includeprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnel(e.g. networkengineer,technician,programmer,web portal designer, information technology professional etc.)andpersonnelinotheroccupations(e.g. clerical and accounting staff).By the same token, establishments in the ICT sector may also supply a smallamountofnon-ICTproductsorservicesso long as ICT goods and services are their main line of business. (Table 1.1) 1.520131,393 6.6% 2013 12.2%1.1 1.5In2013,thevalueaddedoftheICTsector amountedto$139.3billion,representing6.6%of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at basic prices. Theannualgrowthof thevalueadded of theICT sector in 2013 was 12.2%. (Table 1.1) 1.6201357.8%41.8% 46.2%51.7%1.11.2 1.6In 2013, industries engaged in the distribution ofICTproductsaccountedfor57.8%ofthetotal valueaddedoftheICTsector,higherthanthe 41.8%forthoseengagedintheprovisionofICT services.Thecorrespondingsharesintermsof employment were 46.2% and 51.7% respectively. (Charts 1.1 and 1.2) ResearchandDevelopment(R&D)inthe ICT Sector 1.7 2013 3853.7% 1.2 1.7TheICTsectorcomprisestechnology intensive industries with substantial expenditure on researchanddevelopment(R&D)activities.In 2013,businessestablishmentsintheICTsector incurredatotalexpenditureof$3.8billion (including current and capital expenditure) on R&D. This represented a substantial proportion of 53.7% of the total R&D expenditure in the business sector as a whole. (Table 1.2) 2015 3 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1.820136 20054.3%1.2 1.8In2013,thenumberofR&Dpersonnel (expressedin termsoffull-timeequivalent)inthe ICT sector was about 6 200, accounting for 54.3% ofthetotalnumberofR&Dpersonnelinthe business sector as a whole. (Table 1.2) Telecommunications Services 1.9 1.9The availability of sound telecommunications infrastructure is crucial to the provision of efficient andreliabletelecommunicationsservicestothe HongKongeconomy.Thetelecommunications servicesinHongKongaremovingtowardsan Internet-based environment in both fixed and mobile networks.Conventionalvoicecommunications servicesareincreasinglybeingreplacedby Internet-based communications. 1.10 201421 142691.3 1.10In2014,therewere21localfixednetwork operators 1 and 4 mobile network operators.There werealso269telecommunicationslicensees authorisedtoprovideexternaltelecommunications services. (Table 1.3) 1.112014201 2013 15957.5%1.31.4 1.11In 2014, there were 201 telecommunications licenseesauthorisedtoprovideInternetaccess service in Hong Kong.According to the results of Annual Survey of Economic Activities, the Internet service providers generated $15.9 billion of business receiptsfromInternetrelatedservicesin2013,of which 57.5% were generated from the provision of basic Internet connection services. (Tables1.3 and 1.4) 1 1Include all licensees authorised to provide facility-based local fixed telecommunicationsservicesunderfixedtelecommunications networkserviceslicence,fixedcarrierlicenceorunifiedcarrier licence using wireline or wireless technology. 2015 4 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Further references KeyStatisticsonBusinessPerformanceand Operating Characteristics of the Industrial Sector KeyStatisticsonBusinessPerformanceand OperatingCharacteristicsoftheImport/Export, WholesaleandRetailTrades,andAccommodation and Food Services Sectors KeyStatisticsonBusinessPerformanceand OperatingCharacteristicsoftheInformationand Communications,FinancingandInsurance, Professional and Business Services Sectors Hong Kong Innovation Activities Statistics 2015 5 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1.1 (1)Table 1.1 Key statistics (1) on the information and communication technology (ICT) sector2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 201314 458 15 338 15 366 17 244 16 804 17 058- (+6.1) (+0.2) (+12.2) (-2.5) (+1.5)103 107 114 230 122 383 133 101 129 495 129 780- (+10.8) (+7.1) (+8.8) (-2.7) (+0.2)7.1 7.4 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.62.9 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5913.9 996.9 1,260.6 1,458.4 1,253.8 1,693.4- (+9.1) (+26.4) (+15.7) (-14.0) (+35.1)80.8 70.2 95.0 115.4 124.1 139.3- (-13.1) (+35.3) (+21.4) (+7.6) (+12.2)5.0 4.4 5.5 6.1 6.2 6.630.8 33.9 37.5 42.9 45.8 47.2- (+9.9) (+10.8) (+14.2) (+6.8) (+3.1)49.2 41.7 61.5 73.2 80.0 99.3- (-15.3) (+47.5) (+19.0) (+9.2) (+24.1)15.2 6.1 10.9 11.3 10.3 10.2- (-60.1) (+79.0) (+4.1) (-8.7) (-1.5)Number of establishmentsNumber of persons engagedCompensation of employees (HK$ billion)(%)Number of persons engaged as a percentage ofemployed population (%)Average number of persons engaged per establishmentBusiness receipts and other income (HK$ billion)Gross additions to fixed assets (HK$ billion)Value added (HK$ billion) (2) (%)Contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)at basic prices (2) (%)Gross surplus (HK$ billion) (1)2008 (2)20155 Notes:Figures in brackets denote percentage changes over the preceding year. (1)Statistics on ICT sector are available as from2008. (2)Figures on GDP refer to the latest statistics released in May 2015. Source:Science and Technology Statistics Section, Census and Statistics Department 2015 6 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1.1 2013Chart 1.1 1.2 2013Chart 1.2Distribution of value added of the information and communication technology(ICT) sector by economic activity in 2013Distribution of number of persons engaged in the information and communicationtechnology (ICT) sector by economic activity in 2013Provision ofICT services(41.8%)Distribution of ICTproducts(57.8%)Manufacturingof ICTproducts(0.4%) Source:Science and Technology Statistics Section, Census and Statistics Department Source:Science and Technology Statistics Section, Census and Statistics Department Distribution of ICTproducts(46.2%)ManufacturingofICT products(2.0%)Provision ofICT services(51.7%) 2015 7 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1.2 (1)Table 1.2 Research and development (R&D) activities (1) in the information and communicationtechnology (ICT) sector 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20132,697 2,576 2,932 3,100 3,416 3,767- (-4.5) (+13.8) (+5.7) (+10.2) (+10.3) 51.247.150.850.151.453.75 770 5 209 5 907 5 911 6 344 6 215- (-9.7) (+13.4) (+0.1) (+7.3) (-2.0) 56.249.754.253.455.754.3 As a % of total number of R&D personnel in thebusiness sectorAs a % of total R&D expenditure in the businesssector(2)Total R&D expenditure (2) in ICT sector (HK$ million)(3)Number of R&D personnel (3) in ICT sector (1)2008 (2) (3) Notes:Figures in brackets denote percentage changes over the preceding year. (1)Statistics on R&D in ICT sector are available as from2008. (2)Including expenditure on in-house R&D activities conducted by a local party for itself and/or for other organisations. (3)In depicting the actual amount of manpower resources deployed to R&D activities, figures on R&D personnel are expressed in full-time equivalent (FTE), which is estimated on the basis of the total number of man-years devoted to R&D activities during the reference year. Source:Science and Technology Statistics Section, Census and Statistics Department 2015 8 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1.3 Table 1.3 Number of operators in telecommunications industry2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(1)Number of local fixed network operators (1) (2)254 309 320 301 286 282 269Number of external telecommunicationsservice operators(2) 200 189 184 185 186 197 201Number of licensed Internet service providers(-6.5) (-1.6) (-2.6) (+0.5) (+0.5) (+5.9) (+2.0)17 12(-5.9) (+3.6) (+4.7)14 12(+1.6)Number of mobile network operators5215(-1.4)5214(-4.6)185 6(-5.0)5 (1) (2) Notes:Figures in brackets denote percentage changes over the preceding year. (1)Includealllicenseesauthorisedtoprovidefacility-basedlocalfixedtelecommunicationsservicesunderfixed telecommunicationsnetworkserviceslicence,fixedcarrierlicenceorunifiedcarrierlicenceusingwirelineorwireless technology. (2)The external telecommunications service operators include facility-based external fixed network operators and service-based external telecommunications service operators.The former refer to operators which establish their own networks for the provision of external telecommunications services.As for the latter, they refer to telecommunications service providers which rely on the fixed networks established by facility-based operators to provide their own telecommunications services. Service-based external telecommunications operators may establish some facilities such as switches, routers, servers within buildings and leased land for the provision of telecommunications services. Source:Office of the Communications Authority 2015 9 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1.4 Table 1.4 Business receipts of Internet service providers by type of services providedHK$ million2003 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 (1)3,606 6,086 7,041 8,390 9,110 8,411 9,163Basic connection services (1)(+33.5) (+2.9) (+15.7) (+19.2) (+8.6) (-7.7) (+8.9)[67.5] [86.7] [87.1] [81.7] [70.7] [69.5] [57.5] 135 302 330 668 634 504 1,771Advertising and website hosting services (-82.5) (+32.0) (+9.5) (+102.4) (-5.1) (-20.5) (+251.1)[2.5] [4.3] [4.1] [6.5] [4.9] [4.2] [11.1] 1,602 633 715 1,205 3,135 3,195 4,997Other services (+64.5) (+15.2) (+12.9) (+68.6) (+160.1) (+1.9) (+56.4)[30.0] [9.0] [8.8] [11.7] [24.3] [26.4] [31.4] 5,343 7,021 8,086 10,263 12,878 12,110 15,931Total (+20.2) (+4.9) (+15.2) (+26.9) (+25.5) (-6.0) (+31.5)[100.0] [100.0] [100.0] [100.0] [100.0] [100.0] [100.0]Type of services provided (1) Notes:Figures in rounded brackets denote percentage changes over the preceding year. Figures in square brackets denote the percentage shares in the respective totals. (1)Including dial-up/leased line/broadband accounts, excluding membership/registration/account set-up services. Source:Business Services Statistics Section, Census and Statistics Department 2015 11 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 2 Chapter 2 Imports and Exports of Information and Communication Technology Goods Introduction 2.1(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v) 2.1Theclassificationofinformationand communicationtechnology(ICT)goodsmainly follows the international guidelines promulgated by theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeand Development (UNCTAD) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Primarily,ICTgoodsarethosethatareeither intendedtofulfillthefunctionsofinformation processingandcommunication(including transmissionanddisplay)byelectronicmeansor which use electronic processing to detect, measure and/or record physical phenomena, or to control a physicalprocess.ICTgoodsaregroupedintothe followingcategories:(i)telecommunications equipment,(ii)computerandrelatedequipment, (iii)electroniccomponents,(iv)audioandvideo equipment, and (v) other ICT goods. 2.2 2004 2014 2007 1 2007 2.2Hong Kong is a major intermediary centre fortradingofICTgoodsintheregion.This Chapterhighlightsthetrendanddevelopmentsin importsandexportsofICTgoodsinHongKong duringtheperiodof2004to2014.Asfrom J anuary 2007, the coverage of telecommunications equipment has been revised and the trade figures as from 2007 are not strictly comparable with those in previous years. 2015 12 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Overview 2.3 2004 201410.4 %7.2% 10.2%6.2% 2014 21,716 51.5%20,39255.5%2.1 2.3The growth of Hong Kongs external trade in ICT goods was phenomenal over the past decade. The value of imports of ICT goods increased at an average rate of 10.4% per annum between 2004 and 2014, faster than the corresponding growth of 7.2% for the total merchandise imports.Over the same period,thevalueoftotalexports(including domesticexportsandre-exports)ofICTgoods increased by 10.2% per annum, also faster than the 6.2% for the total merchandise exports.In 2014, imports of ICT goods amounted to $2,171.6 billion, accountingfor51.5%ofthetotalmerchandise imports.The value of total exports of ICT goods reached$2,039.2billionin2014,representing 55.5% of the total merchandise exports. (Table 2.1) Telecommunications Equipment 2.42014 4,998 4,9662.12.2 2.4In 2014, the value of Hong Kongs imports of telecommunications equipment amounted to $499.8 billion.In the same year, the value of total exports oftelecommunicationsequipmentwas$496.6 billion. (Tables 2.1 and 2.2) 2.52014 79.6%5.6%2.5% 2.2 2.5ThemainlandofChina(theMainland)was the major supplier, accounting for 79.6% of Hong Kongstotalimportsoftelecommunications equipmentin2014.Thesecondandthirdmajor suppliers were the United States of America (USA) andJ apan,accountingfor5.6%and2.5% respectively of the total. (Table 2.2) 2.6 42.9%9.1%5.8%2.2 2.6TheMainlandandtheUSAwerethetwo largest destinations of Hong Kongs total exports of telecommunicationsequipment,accountingfor 42.9%and9.1%respectivelyofthetotal.The thirdlargestdestinationwasIndia,accountingfor 5.8% of the total. (Table 2.2) 2015 13 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Computer and Related Equipment 2.72014 3,753 3,989 2.12.3 2.7In 2014, the value of Hong Kongs imports of computerandrelatedequipmentreached$375.3 billion.In the same year, the value of total exports ofcomputerandrelatedequipmentwas$398.9 billion. (Tables 2.1 and 2.3) 2.8 2014 67.4% 6.7%5.1%2.3 2.8In2014,67.4%ofHong Kongsimportsof computer and related equipment was supplied by the Mainland.Thesecondandthirdmajorsuppliers were Thailand and J apan, accounting for 6.7% and 5.1% respectively of the total. (Table 2.3) 2.9201464.5%7.2%3.4%2.3 2.9In2014,theMainlandwasthelargest destinationofHongKongstotalexportsof computerandrelatedequipment,accountingfor 64.5%ofthetotal.Thesecondandthirdlargest destinationsweretheUSAandJ apan,accounting for 7.2% and 3.4% respectively of the total. (Table 2.3) Electronic Components 2.102014 11,450 9,952 2.1 2.4 2.10In 2014, the values of Hong Kongs imports and total exports of electronic components reached $1,145.0 billion and $995.2 billion respectively. (Tables 2.1 and 2.4) 2.11201435.2%17.6%14.2%2.4 2.11In2014,thetopthreesuppliersofHong Kongs imports of electronic components were the Mainland, Taiwan and Singapore.They accounted for 35.2%, 17.6% and 14.2% of the total value of HongKongsimportsofelectroniccomponents respectively. (Table 2.4) 2.122014 79.3%2.7%2.6%2.4 2.12In2014,theMainlandwasthelargest destinationofHongKongstotalexportsof electronic components, accounting for 79.3% of the total.Thesecondandthirdlargestdestinations were the USA and Taiwan, accounting for 2.7% and 2.6% respectively of the total. (Table 2.4) 2015 14 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Audio and Video Equipment 2.132014 1,153 9372.12.5 2.13In 2014, the value of Hong Kongs imports of audio and video equipment reached $115.3 billion. In the same year, the value of total exports of audio and video equipment was $93.7 billion. (Tables 2.1 and 2.5) 2.14 2014 62.0%12.2%6.2%2.52.14The most important source of Hong Kongs importsofaudioandvideoequipmentwasthe Mainland.In 2014, the share of the Mainland was 62.0%.Thesecondandthirdlargestsuppliers were Taiwan and J apan, accounting for 12.2% and 6.2% respectively of the total. (Table 2.5) 2.152014 36.0% 16.5%7.1%2.5 2.15In 2014, the Mainland and the USA were the twolargestdestinationsofHongKongstotal exportsofaudioandvideoequipment,accounting for 36.0% and 16.5% of the total respectively.The thirdlargest destinationwas J apan, accountingfor 7.1% of the total. (Table 2.5) Other ICT Goods 2.16 2014 362 548 2.1 2.6 2.16In the case of Hong Kong, other ICT goods mainlycoverofficemachineryandequipment, medicalequipment,industrialprocesscontrol equipment, and appliances for measuring, checking, testing and navigating, etc.In 2014, the values of Hong Kongs imports and total exports of other ICT goodsreached$36.2billionand$54.8billion respectively. (Tables 2.1 and 2.6) 2.17201447.4%14.3%8.6% 2.6 2.17In2014,thetopthreesuppliersofHong KongsimportsofotherICTgoodswerethe Mainland, the USA and Germany.They accounted for 47.4%, 14.3% and 8.6% respectively of the total value of Hong Kongs imports of other ICT goods. (Table 2.6) 2.182014 64.4%9.8%3.3%2.6 2.18In2014,theMainlandwasthelargest destinationofHongKongstotalexportsofother ICT goods, accounting for 64.4% of the total.The second and third largest destinations were the USA andJ apan,accountingfor9.8%and3.3% respectively of the total. (Table 2.6) 2015 15 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Further references Hong Kong External Merchandise Trade (Monthly) HongKongMerchandiseTradeStatistics:Imports (Monthly) Hong Kong Merchandise Trade Statistics: Domestic Exports and Re-exports (Monthly) HongKongMerchandiseTradeStatistics:Annual Supplement - Imports (Annual) HongKongMerchandiseTradeStatistics:Annual Supplement-DomesticExportsandRe-exports (Annual) 2015 16 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 2.1 Table 2.1 Imports and exports of all information and communication technology goodsHK$ million2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(1)810,499 1,232,135 1,587,552 1,739,703 1,887,163 2,005,200 2,171,582Imports (1)(+25.9) (-4.6) (+28.8) (+9.6) (+8.5) (+6.3) (+8.3)74,322 187,291 240,697 309,833 388,405 451,931 499,778(+22.6) (-1.3) (+28.5) (+28.7) (+25.4) (+16.4) (+10.6)190,608 252,240 330,510 363,237 417,891 407,497 375,323(+13.8) (-9.4) (+31.0) (+9.9) (+15.0) (-2.5) (-7.9)391,179 641,659 841,429 883,785 894,079 978,942 1,144,994(+34.9) (-1.6) (+31.1) (+5.0) (+1.2) (+9.5) (+17.0)134,451 125,886 141,762 145,275 146,256 130,529 115,278(+24.0) (-12.4) (+12.6) (+2.5) (+0.7) (-10.8) (-11.7)19,939 25,060 33,154 37,574 40,533 36,302 36,209(+13.7) (-10.3) (+32.3) (+13.3) (+7.9) (-10.4) (-0.3) 38.4 45.8 47.2 46.2 48.2 49.4 51.5As a % of total imports(1)769,659 1,192,871 1,520,429 1,672,068 1,788,570 1,909,027 2,039,182Total exports (1)(+26.6) (-7.1) (+27.5) (+10.0) (+7.0) (+6.7) (+6.8)56,663 205,157 270,737 326,071 378,170 466,757 496,639(+9.2) (-1.5) (+32.0) (+20.4) (+16.0) (+23.4) (+6.4)196,542 254,789 338,796 386,369 428,330 399,167 398,877(+15.7) (-12.8) (+33.0) (+14.0) (+10.9) (-6.8) (-0.1)338,698 581,207 738,481 785,498 806,983 884,126 995,172(+36.7) (-1.5) (+27.1) (+6.4) (+2.7) (+9.6) (+12.6)153,365 121,863 131,829 126,629 121,607 105,712 93,708(+27.9) (-23.4) (+8.2) (-3.9) (-4.0) (-13.1) (-11.4)24,392 29,856 40,586 47,502 53,480 53,265 54,787(+31.8) (-13.5) (+35.9) (+17.0) (+12.6) (-0.4) (+2.9) 38.1 48.3 50.2 50.1 52.1 53.6 55.5As a % of total exportsElectronic components(1)Telecommunications equipment (1)Computer and related equipmentAudio and video equipmentComputer and related equipment(1)Telecommunications equipment (1)Other ICT goodsElectronic componentsOther ICT goodsAudio and video equipment (1) 2007 1 2007 Notes:Figures in brackets denote percentage change over the preceding year. (1)AsfromJ anuary 2007, the coverage of telecommunications equipment has been revised.In this table, trade figuresof telecommunications equipment as from2007 are not strictly comparable with those in previous years. Source:Trade Analysis Section, Census and Statistics Department 2015 17 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 2.2 (1)Table 2.2 Imports by main supplier and exports by main destination of telecommunications equipment (1)HK$ million2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 74,322 187,291 240,697 309,833 388,405 451,931 499,778Imports (+22.6) (-1.3) (+28.5) (+28.7) (+25.4) (+16.4) (+10.6) 36,952 130,153 175,897 221,308 281,149 341,121 397,620The mainland of China(+63.9) (+0.4) (+35.1) (+25.8) (+27.0) (+21.3) (+16.6) 2,893 8,012 10,839 13,473 13,552 24,611 28,033United States of America (+46.6) (+31.7) (+35.3) (+24.3) (+0.6) (+81.6) (+13.9) 3,331 8,619 10,475 11,143 13,665 10,746 12,568J apan(+40.6) (-5.7) (+21.5) (+6.4) (+22.6) (-21.4) (+16.9) 56,663 205,157 270,737 326,071 378,170 466,757 496,639Total exports (+9.2) (-1.5) (+32.0) (+20.4) (+16.0) (+23.4) (+6.4) 13,513 75,494 104,854 133,152 168,442 225,539 212,849The mainland of China(-16.1) (+4.7) (+38.9) (+27.0) (+26.5) (+33.9) (-5.6) 10,514 26,784 36,249 33,432 39,327 40,446 45,353United States of America (+25.2) (-4.4) (+35.3) (-7.8) (+17.6) (+2.8) (+12.1) 1,546 8,266 15,223 18,273 19,447 22,699 28,766India(-51.3) (+54.7) (+84.2) (+20.0) (+6.4) (+16.7) (+26.7) 137 7,649 10,148 2,397 330 132 181Domestic exports (-65.9) (-9.2) (+32.7) (-76.4) (-86.2) (-60.2) (+37.8) 38 348 793 268 254 93 79The mainland of China(-88.7) (-20.9) (+128.2) (-66.2) (-5.3) (-63.5) (-14.5) 3 2,058 3,082 858 49 15 37United States of America (+18.9) (+ 10.3) (+49.8) (-72.2) (-94.3) (-68.2) (+138.7) 5 676 752 90 3 1 14Singapore (-20.4) (+11.3) (-88.1) (-97.0) (-55.6) 56,525 197,508 260,589 323,673 377,840 466,626 496,458Re-exports (+9.8) (-1.2) (+31.9) (+24.2) (+16.7) (+23.5) (+6.4) 13,476 75,146 104,060 132,883 168,188 225,446 212,769The mainland of China(-14.6) (+4.9) (+38.5) (+27.7) (+26.6) (+34.0) (-5.6) 10,511 24,727 33,167 32,574 39,279 40,430 45,316United States of America (+25.2) (-5.4) (+34.1) (-1.8) (+20.6) (+2.9) (+12.1) 1,546 7,792 14,642 18,151 19,446 22,698 28,765India(-51.3) (+62.6) (+87.9) (+24.0) (+7.1) (+16.7) (+26.7) (1)200712007 999.9% Notes:Figures in brackets denote percentage change over the preceding year. (1)As fromJ anuary 2007, the coverage of telecommunications equipment has been revised.In this table, trade figures as from2007 are not strictly comparable with those in previous years. Denotes increase or decrease of over 999.9%. Source:Trade Analysis Section, Census and Statistics Department 2015 18 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 2.3 Table 2.3 Imports by main supplier and exports by main destination of computer and related equipmentHK$ million2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 190,608 252,240 330,510 363,237 417,891 407,497 375,323Imports (+13.8) (-9.4) (+31.0) (+9.9) (+15.0) (-2.5) (-7.9) 83,288 150,531 201,141 236,520 285,333 275,498 252,798The mainland of China(+28.8) (-8.5) (+33.6) (+17.6) (+20.6) (-3.4) (-8.2) 3,625 14,539 19,803 19,176 21,085 22,464 25,108Thailand (+3.1) (-15.0) (+36.2) (-3.2) (+10.0) (+6.5) (+11.8) 15,651 20,746 27,583 28,393 27,814 24,429 19,143J apan(+20.3) (-16.3) (+33.0) (+2.9) (-2.0) (-12.2) (-21.6) 196,542 254,789 338,796 386,369 428,330 399,167 398,877Total exports (+15.7) (-12.8) (+33.0) (+14.0) (+10.9) (-6.8) (-0.1) 104,148 169,194 231,543 259,902 294,510 266,113 257,437The mainland of China(+18.7) (-7.6) (+36.9) (+12.2) (+13.3) (-9.6) (-3.3) 18,091 17,348 19,507 21,229 25,910 23,719 28,639United States of America (+2.8) (-16.9) (+12.4) (+8.8) (+22.0) (-8.5) (+20.7) 8,271 9,782 12,059 13,501 16,151 14,715 13,642J apan(+8.1) (-23.0) (+23.3) (+12.0) (+19.6) (-8.9) (-7.3) 5,026 1,135 1,145 2,391 3,058 1,675 850Domestic exports (+8.1) (-20.3) (+0.8) (+108.9) (+27.9) (-45.2) (-49.2) 616 499 496 618 556 448 571The mainland of China(+4.8) (-26.6) (-0.6) (+24.5) (-10.0) (-19.3) (+27.5) 1,468 109 94 997 2,037 726 110United States of America (-9.2) (+6.7) (-13.8) (+965.8) (+104.2) (-64.4) (-84.9) 446 46 68 140 112 195 24Japan(-10.6) (-12.6) (+49.4) (+105.5) (-20.2) (+74.0) (-87.9) 191,516 253,653 337,651 383,978 425,272 397,492 398,026Re-exports (+15.9) (-12.7) (+33.1) (+13.7) (+10.8) (-6.5) (+0.1) 103,533 168,695 231,047 259,284 293,954 265,665 256,865The mainland of China(+18.8) (-7.5) (+37.0) (+12.2) (+13.4) (-9.6) (-3.3) 16,623 17,240 19,414 20,232 23,873 22,993 28,530United States of America (+4.0) (-17.0) (+12.6) (+4.2) (+18.0) (-3.7) (+24.1) 7,825 9,736 11,991 13,361 16,039 14,520 13,619Japan(+9.4) (-23.1) (+23.2) (+11.4) (+20.0) (-9.5) (-6.2) Note:Figures in brackets denote percentage change over the preceding year. Source:Trade Analysis Section, Census and Statistics Department 2015 19 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 2.4 Table 2.4 Imports by main supplier and exports by main destination of electronic componentsHK$ million2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 391,179 641,659 841,429 883,785 894,079 978,942 1,144,994Imports (+34.9) (-1.6) (+31.1) (+5.0) (+1.2) (+9.5) (+17.0) 90,570 205,973 268,747 285,834 298,069 347,493 402,728The mainland of China(+44.6) (+1.8) (+30.5) (+6.4) (+4.3) (+16.6) (+15.9) 65,421 106,971 130,820 135,988 148,496 166,127 201,783Taiwan (+43.1) (-1.4) (+22.3) (+4.0) (+9.2) (+11.9) (+21.5) 44,516 97,437 135,703 143,107 139,683 143,524 162,601Singapore(+32.4) (-2.3) (+39.3) (+5.5) (-2.4) (+2.7) (+13.3) 338,698 581,207 738,481 785,498 806,983 884,126 995,172Total exports (+36.7) (-1.5) (+27.1) (+6.4) (+2.7) (+9.6) (+12.6) 231,794 456,838 572,374 610,349 637,495 704,172 789,069The mainland of China(+39.8) (+3.6) (+25.3) (+6.6) (+4.4) (+10.5) (+12.1) 12,540 16,656 22,910 25,163 23,640 24,953 26,621United States of America (+15.0) (-19.1) (+37.5) (+9.8) (-6.1) (+5.6) (+6.7) 20,123 19,535 25,801 26,657 24,726 24,432 25,693Taiwan (+18.6) (+2.7) (+32.1) (+3.3) (-7.2) (-1.2) (+5.2) 10,391 3,522 3,586 3,196 2,611 2,127 1,896Domestic exports (+32.1) (-27.9) (+1.8) (-10.9) (-18.3) (-18.5) (-10.9) 3,353 1,969 1,890 1,652 1,441 1,276 1,183The mainland of China(+29.0) (-20.3) (-4.0) (-12.6) (-12.8) (-11.5) (-7.2) 675 205 342 342 276 206 191Malaysia (+29.9) (-39.3) (+66.8) (+0.1) (-19.2) (-25.3) (-7.5) 1,004 227 258 304 259 219 167United States of America (+11.0) (-40.3) (+13.6) (+17.8) (-14.7) (-15.7) (-23.5) 328,307 577,685 734,895 782,302 804,372 881,999 993,276Re-exports (+36.9) (-1.3) (+27.2) (+6.5) (+2.8) (+9.7) (+12.6) 228,441 454,869 570,483 608,697 636,054 702,897 787,885The mainland of China(+40.0) (+3.7) (+25.4) (+6.7) (+4.5) (+10.5) (+12.1) 11,536 16,429 22,652 24,859 23,381 24,734 26,454United States of America (+15.4) (-18.7) (+37.9) (+9.7) (-5.9) (+5.8) (+7.0) 18,935 19,372 25,642 26,543 24,652 24,370 25,631Taiwan (+16.6) (+3.0) (+32.4) (+3.5) (-7.1) (-1.1) (+5.2) Note:Figures in brackets denote percentage change over the preceding year. Source:Trade Analysis Section, Census and Statistics Department 2015 20 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 2.5 Table 2.5 Imports by main supplier and exports by main destination of audio and video equipmentHK$ million2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 134,451 125,886 141,762 145,275 146,256 130,529 115,278Imports (+24.0) (-12.4) (+12.6) (+2.5) (+0.7) (-10.8) (-11.7) 96,586 88,080 98,169 97,481 99,453 82,956 71,483The mainland of China(+27.6) (-14.1) (+11.5) (-0.7) (+2.0) (-16.6) (-13.8) 3,303 6,344 9,475 11,122 11,962 13,201 14,068Taiwan (+43.8) (-5.2) (+49.4) (+17.4) (+7.6) (+10.4) (+6.6) 20,912 10,732 11,308 10,575 9,267 8,388 7,098J apan(+9.8) (-25.9) (+5.4) (-6.5) (-12.4) (-9.5) (-15.4) 153,365 121,863 131,829 126,629 121,607 105,712 93,708Total exports (+27.9) (-23.4) (+8.2) (-3.9) (-4.0) (-13.1) (-11.4) 45,134 39,376 43,244 43,876 42,551 38,924 33,717The mainland of China(+20.0) (-27.1) (+9.8) (+1.5) (-3.0) (-8.5) (-13.4) 27,276 22,826 24,385 19,045 17,719 14,918 15,438United States of America (+19.0) (-16.2) (+6.8) (-21.9) (-7.0) (-15.8) (+3.5) 11,985 7,766 10,783 11,718 10,728 7,863 6,696J apan(+39.3) (-19.7) (+38.8) (+8.7) (-8.4) (-26.7) (-14.8) 1,813 454 428 320 259 196 102Domestic exports (+47.8) (-43.1) (-5.6) (-25.3) (-19.0) (-24.2) (-48.2) 421 152 227 153 125 140 81The mainland of China(+51.1) (-58.6) (+49.4) (-32.6) (-18.2) (+11.7) (-41.7) 18 1 9 15 18 11 6Philippines(+75.3) (-87.6) (+620.5) (+78.2) (+18.9) (-39.7) (-48.9) 196 25 20 25 24 8 4United States of America (+66.6) (-59.7) (-18.0) (+24.0) (-3.6) (-66.0) (-52.0) 151,552 121,409 131,401 126,309 121,348 105,516 93,606Re-exports (+27.7) (-23.3) (+8.2) (-3.9) (-3.9) (-13.0) (-11.3) 44,713 39,225 43,018 43,724 42,427 38,784 33,636The mainland of China(+19.8) (-26.9) (+9.7) (+1.6) (-3.0) (-8.6) (-13.3) 27,081 22,801 24,365 19,020 17,695 14,910 15,434United States of America (+18.8) (-16.1) (+6.9) (-21.9) (-7.0) (-15.7) (+3.5) 11,957 7,760 10,781 11,718 10,728 7,863 6,696Japan(+39.0) (-19.5) (+38.9) (+8.7) (-8.4) (-26.7) (-14.8) Note:Figures in brackets denote percentage change over the preceding year. Source:Trade Analysis Section, Census and Statistics Department 2015 21 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 2.6 Table 2.6 Imports by main supplier and exports by main destination of other information and communication technology goodsHK$ million2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 19,939 25,060 33,154 37,574 40,533 36,302 36,209Imports (+13.7) (-10.3) (+32.3) (+13.3) (+7.9) (-10.4) (-0.3) 7,415 11,350 14,033 15,799 17,218 17,505 17,173The mainland of China(+8.6) (-3.6) (+23.6) (+12.6) (+9.0) (+1.7) (-1.9) 3,294 3,875 4,942 5,393 6,926 5,792 5,187United States of America (+7.4) (-0.8) (+27.5) (+9.1) (+28.4) (-16.4) (-10.5) 818 1,588 2,744 3,632 3,088 3,075 3,123Germany(-13.1) (-18.7) (+72.7) (+32.4) (-15.0) (-0.4) (+1.6) 24,392 29,856 40,586 47,502 53,480 53,265 54,787Total exports (+31.8) (-13.5) (+35.9) (+17.0) (+12.6) (-0.4) (+2.9) 13,233 18,894 26,161 32,775 37,728 36,050 35,261The mainland of China(+45.7) (-13.3) (+38.5) (+25.3) (+15.1) (-4.4) (-2.2) 3,348 2,651 3,419 3,463 3,801 4,829 5,355United States of America (-4.2) (-15.4) (+29.0) (+1.3) (+9.8) (+27.0) (+10.9) 1,172 1,462 1,843 1,719 1,753 1,551 1,797J apan(+10.0) (+9.1) (+26.1) (-6.7) (+2.0) (-11.5) (+15.8) 195 397 593 458 488 436 482Domestic exports (-11.1) (-28.5) (+49.4) (-22.7) (+6.4) (-10.5) (+10.4) 71 229 283 194 189 182 192The mainland of China(-38.5) (-29.2) (+23.5) (-31.6) (-2.5) (-3.8) (+5.4) 33 79 155 111 77 119 158Taiwan (+229.3) (+20.8) (+95.7) (-28.8) (-30.5) (+54.6) (+32.7) 3 3 4 10 19 31Singapore(+202.0) (-91.8) (+490.3) (+47.7) (+146.9) (+90.9) (+60.8) 24,198 29,459 39,993 47,044 52,993 52,829 54,305Re-exports (+32.4) (-13.3) (+35.8) (+17.6) (+12.6) (-0.3) (+2.8) 13,162 18,665 25,878 32,582 37,539 35,868 35,069The mainland of China(+46.8) (-13.1) (+38.6) (+25.9) (+15.2) (-4.5) (-2.2) 3,329 2,637 3,413 3,461 3,797 4,825 5,346United States of America (-4.3) (-15.3) (+29.4) (+1.4) (+9.7) (+27.1) (+10.8) 1,164 1,454 1,818 1,682 1,738 1,531 1,770Japan(+9.8) (+11.5) (+25.1) (-7.4) (+3.3) (-11.9) (+15.6) 500,000 Notes:Figures in brackets denote percentage change over the preceding year. Less than HK$ 0.5 million. Source:Trade Analysis Section, Census and Statistics Department 2015 23Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3 Chapter 3 Access To and Use of Information and Communication Technology Introduction 3.1 3.1Informationandcommunicationtechnology (ICT)infrastructureandICTusearetwocrucial dimensions for measuring an information society. In HongKong,statisticalindicatorsrelatingto telecommunicationsandInternetservicesbasedon data from the Office of Communications Authority are useful for gauging the state of readiness of our infrastructure to facilitate access to ICT.ICT use is mainlymeasuredintermsoftheuseofpersonal computers(PCs)andInternetservicesby households,businessesandthegovernment. StatisticsontheuseofPCandInternetinthe householdandbusinesssectorsarecompiledfrom data collected through two surveys conducted by the CensusandStatisticsDepartment,viz.Thematic Household Survey on Information Technology Usage and Penetration (Household IT Survey) and Survey on Information Technology Usage and Penetration in theBusinessSector(BusinessITSurvey). Statistics on the use of ICT in the government sector areprovidedbytheOfficeofGovernmentChief Information Officer. Access to ICT Telecommunications services 3.220006020141 737 239.1 3.13.23.3 3.2Overtheyears,HongKonghasdeveloped comprehensiveandefficientICTinfrastructure which facilitates the rapid take-up of communication and online services.The number of fixed telephone lines(includingInternetProtocolservice subscribers)hasremainedstableataround60per 100population since2000.Ontheotherhand,the number of public mobile subscribers had more than doubled over the past decade, reaching 17.37 million in2014.Thenumberofpublicmobilesubscribers per 100 population was 239.1, making Hong Kong one of the places with the highest ratio in the world. Infact,theentirepopulationofHongKongis coveredbymobilecellulartelephonenetwork. (Tables 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3) 2015 24Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.320144717.3%200420141 2662009201427.1%3.3 3.3ThemobilephonemarketofHongKongis developingrapidlyintermsoftechnology applicationandservicesoffered.Thesecond generation(2G)mobilephoneservicesare increasinglybeingreplacedbynewgenerationof mobilephoneservices.In2014,thereweresome 4.71millionsubscribersof2Gmobilephone services, down by 7.3% when compared with a year earlier.The3Gmobilephoneserviceswere launched in Hong Kong in 2004, enabling consumers toenjoyawiderchoiceofmulti-mediamobile services.As at end 2014, the number of subscribers of3G/4Gmobilephoneservicesreached12.66 million, surging by an average of 27.1% per annum during the period 2009 to 2014. (Table 3.3) Internet services 3.42014 34.6 13.13.5 3.4The use of Internet has been prevailing in work andlifeofpeopleinHongKongoverthepast decade.Asatend2014,thenumberoffixed Internetsubscribers1per100populationreached 34.6. (Tables 3.1 and 3.5) 3.52014 227 31.2200954.62014174.33.13.5 3.5Withtheadvanceintechnology,theuseof Internetwithbroadbandconnectionhasbecome popular.In2014,thenumberoffixedbroadband subscribersreached2.27millioninHongKong, representing31.2fixedbroadbandInternet subscribersper100population.Thegrowth momentumofthenumberoffixedbroadband Internet subscribers has consolidated in recent years. Ontheotherhand,themobilebroadbandservices have proliferated. The mobile broadband subscribers per 100 population increased significantly from 54.6 in 2009 to 174.3 in 2014. (Tables 3.1 and 3.5) 1. 1.FixedInternetsubscribersrefertothetotalnumberofInternet subscriberswithfixedaccess,includingdial-upandtotalfixed broadband subscribers. 2015 25Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Use of ICT by Households 3.62014 199 81.3%193 78.7%3.6 3.6ICThasvirtuallypenetratedallwalksofthe society and all forms of economic activities in Hong Kong. According to the findings of the Household IT Survey in 2014, some 1.99 million households had personalcomputers(PCs)athome,constituting 81.3%ofallhouseholdsinHongKong.Among them, some 1.93 million households had their PCs at home connected to Internet.In other words, 78.7% ofallhouseholdsinHongKonghadtheirPCsat home connected to Internet. (Table 3.6) Use of ICT by Individuals 3.7 2014 4651012101273.5%200459.5%3.6 3.7According to the resultsof the Household IT Survey in 2014, some 4.65 million persons aged 10 andoverhadusedPCsinthe12monthsbefore enumeration.Theoverallrateofpersonshaving used PCs in the 12 months before enumeration was 73.5%amongallpersonsaged10andover, significantlyhigherthanthatof59.5%in2004. (Table 3.6) 3.8201450510 12 1079.9%200456.4%3.6 3.8In 2014, some 5.05 million persons aged 10 and over had used Internet services in the 12 months beforeenumeration,accountingfor79.9%ofall personsaged10andover.Thecorresponding percentage in 2004 was 56.4%. (Table 3.6) 3.910 2012 54.0% 2014 77.2% 2014 50512 10 94.7%201268.9% 3.6 3.9Theusageofsmartphonehasbecome increasinglypopularinrecentyears.The smartphone penetration rate among persons aged 10 and over rose significantly, from 54.0% in 2012 to 77.2% in 2014.Moreover, in 2014, among the 5.05 millionpersonsaged10andoverwhohadused Internetservicesinthe12monthsbefore enumeration,94.7%hadusedsmartphonefor connectiontoInternet.Thecorresponding percentageforusingmobilephone(including smartphone) for connection to Internet was 68.9% in 2012. (Table 3.6) 2015 26Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Use of ICT by Businesses 3.10 2013 75.2%74.8%26.4%3.7 3.10The effective adoption of ICT in the business community is often seen as one of the strong driving forcesbehindeconomicgrowthinaneconomy. According to the findings of the Business IT Survey in2013,75.2%ofthebusinessestablishmentshad usedcomputers.Theproportionofbusiness establishmentsusingtheInternetwassimilar (74.8%).As regards business establishments with a webpresence,theproportionwasrelativelylow (26.4%). (Table 3.7)

3.11 2013 14.9%124.3%3.7 3.11AstheuseofICTspreads,theproportionof businessestablishmentsmakingbusiness transactionsthroughelectronicmeanshasbeen rising.In 2013, 14.9%ofbusinessestablishments hadplacedordersonlineinthe12monthsbefore enumeration.However,onlyasmallpercentage (4.3%) of the business establishments hadreceived orders online. (Tables 3.7)

ExpenditureonInformationTechnologyin the Business Sector 3.122013 5502.6% 2007 20132%3%3.8 3.12Thetotalexpenditureoninformation technology (IT) in the business sector amounted to $55.0 billion in 2013, representing a ratio of 2.6% to GrossDomesticProduct(GDP).ThetotalIT expenditure in the business sector as a ratio to GDP varied between 2% and 3% during the period 2007 to 2013. (Table 3.8) 2015 27Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Use of ICT by the Government 3.13 2014 95%200476%201493%200452%3.9 3.13In2014,95%ofthestaffemployedbythe Governmenthaddesignatedworkstations,instark contrast to that of 76% in 2004.Furthermore, 93% ofthestaffhadInternetaccessin2014,compared with 52% in 2004. (Table 3.9) 3.142014 1 5322013-14581.3%3.103.11 3.14In2014,theestablishmentofITstaff (comprising analyst/programmer, computer operator anddataprocessor)withintheGovernmentwas 1 532.In2013-14,GovernmentspendingonIT amountedto$5.8billion, representing1.3%of the total public expenditure. (Tables 3.10 and 3.11) Further references 26101520232732374348505253 54 Thematic Household Survey Reports No. 2, 6, 10, 15, 20, 23, 27, 32, 37, 43, 48, 50, 52, 53 and 54 ReportoftheSurveyonInformationTechnology Usage and Penetration in the Business Sector HongKongasaKnowledge-basedEconomyA Statistical Perspective 2015 28 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.1 Table 3.1 Key statistics on access to information and communication technology (ICT)2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014ICT Infrastructure and Access(1)55.6 59.9 60.4 59.8 59.2 59.8 59.5Number of fixed telephone lines per 100 population(1)120.0 174.5 190.2 209.9 228.4 238.1 * 239.1Number of public mobile subscribers per 100 population (2)36.8 38.3 40.7 42.7 42.6 37.3 34.6Fixed Internet subscribers per 100 population(2) 21.8 29.1 30.2 31.6 31.5 30.9 31.2Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 100 population(3)- 54.6 74.5 104.3 135.1*167.7*174.3Mobile broadband subscribers per 100 population(3)(4)95.1566.6620.9913.1 1 314.4 1 881.7*2 928.6100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0% of population covered by mobile cellular telephonenetwork 30.0 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5100Average mobile cellular tariffs (100 minutes of use per month) (HK$)Internet access tariffs (per month) (HK$) 30.068.068.068.068.0 N.A. N.A.-100.7123.086.786.7159.0148.0(7) 100.0100.0100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0% of localities with public Internet access centres (7)International Internet bandwidth per person (4)(Kilobits per second (Kbps))(5)Dial-up modem(5)(3) (6)Fixed broadband (3) (6) This table is continued on the next page. 2015 29 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.1 Table 3.1 Key statistics on access to information and communication technology (ICT) (cont'd)20152 (1) (2) (3)2005 (4) (5)100HK$1.2 (6) 2008 2012 20132008102010100 (7) * Notes:Population-related figures shown in the above table are compiled based on the latest population estimates released in February 2015. (1)Figures include the number of exchange lines and subscribers of Internet Protocol service. (2)Estimated figures based on the return fromthe Internet service providers (ISPs) and do not include users who are not customers of the licensed ISPs. (3)Figures are available as from2005. (4)The International Internet Bandwidth refers to the equipped capacity of the external circuits. (5)Monthlysubscriptionprovidedserviceof100-houronlinetime.Inadditiontothemonthlysubscriptionfee,achargeof HK$1.2/hour was imposed on Internet access. (6)There has been a downward trend in the access tariff of broadband services between 2008 and 2012.It is mainly attributable to the fact that service providers attracted new subscribers of broadband services by offering preferential tariff.The tariff level in 2013 mainly reflects the enhancement of the quality of broadband services offered in terms of speed (the service providers mainly offered broadband services of 10Mbps in 2008.From2010 onward, service providers have gradually offered customers with broadband services of 100Mbps or above). (7)Figures indicate the availability of public Internet access in 18 District Council districts only. *Revised figures. Sources:Office of the Communications Authority Leisure and Cultural Services Department 2015 30 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.2 Table 3.2 Wireline telephone services 2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(1) 3 780 3 688 3 687 3 554 3 489 3 368 3 256Number of exchange lines(1) (thousands)(-1.1) (-0.6) () (-3.6) (-1.8) (-3.5) (-3.3) 1 662 1 766 1 794 1 771 1 770 1 759 1 751Business lines (-2.3) (-0.2) (+1.6) (-1.3) (-0.1) (-0.6) (-0.4) 2 118 1 923 1 893 1 783 1 719 1 609 1 505Residential lines (-0.1) (-1.0) (-1.5) (-5.8) (-3.6) (-6.4) (-6.4)(2) - 500 573 698759949 1 065(+26.3) (+14.7) (+21.7) (+8.7) (+25.2) (+12.1) - 63 60 68748087Business subscribers (-2.8) (-4.8) (+14.9) (+8.0) (+7.9) (+8.8) - 437 514 629685870978Residential subscribers (+31.9) (+17.5) (+22.5) (+8.8) (+27.0) (+12.5)(3)55.6 59.9 60.4 59.8 59.2 59.8 59.5Number of fixed telephone lines per 100 population (3)(3) (4)99.0 102.7 103.5 102.2 100.6 103.1 102.1Number of fixed telephone lines per 100 households (3) (4) 456 286 260 233214202188Number of facsimile lines (thousands) (-7.1) (-10.5) (-8.9) (-10.6) (-8.1) (-5.7) (-6.9)(5)Local leased lines(5) 176 154 146 141 135 131 133Number (thousands) (+0.9) (-6.2) (-5.1) (-3.3) (-4.5) (-2.9) (+1.7) 580 1613 084 7394 403 6436 039 10210 124 28813 100 64517 516 225Total capacity (Mbps) (+27.4) (+34.0) (+42.8) (+37.1) (+67.6) (+29.4) (+33.7)Number of subscribers of Internet protocol(IP) telephony services(2) (thousands) 20152 (1) (2)IPVoIP200712 (3) (4) Notes:Figures in brackets denote percentage changes over the preceding year. Population-related figures shown in the above table are compiled based on the latest population estimates released in February 2015. (1)Including direct dialing in lines, facsimile lines and datel lines. (2)Figures reported under the IP telephony services refer to the number of subscribers of IP telephony/voice-over-IP (VoIP) services of licensedoperatorsassignedwithtelephonenumbersinaccordancewiththeHongKongNumberingPlan.TheOfficeofthe Communications Authority has published the statistics since December 2007. (3)Figures include the number of exchange lines and subscribers of IP telephony services. (4)Theindicatoriscalculatedbydividingthenumberoffixedtelephonelines(includingresidentialexchangelinesandresidential subscribers of IP telephony services) based on administrative records fromthe Office of the Communications Authority by the total number of households in Hong Kong compiled by the Census and Statistics Department. Source:Office of the Communications Authority 2015 31 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.3Table 3.3 Public mobile services2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Number of public mobile subscribers (thousands) 8 158 12 207 13 416 14 931 16 393 17 194 17 372Total (+13.4) (+7.3) (+9.9) (+11.3) (+9.8) (+4.9) (+1.0)4 575 6 377 6 816 7 166 7 634 7 847 7 851(+3.8) (+4.7) (+6.9) (+5.1) (+6.5) (+2.8) (+0.1)Post-paid (including Digital 800/900 MHz and PCS) (1) 3 583 5 830 6 600 7 765 8 759 9 347 9 521Pre-paid stored-value SIM cards (+28.6) (+10.3) (+13.2) (+17.6) (+12.8) (+6.7) (+1.9)Within which2 8 158 8 388 8 161 7 514 6 696 * 5 082 * 4 7122G customers (+13.4)(-2.0) (-2.7) (-7.9) (-10.9) * (-24.1) * (-7.3)2.5(2)1 349 1 185995 1 006 *662 *239 *1062.5G customers(2)(+84.9) (+74.6) (-16.1) (+1.1) * (-34.2) * (-63.8) * (-55.8)34(3)- 3 819 5 255 7 417 9 697 * 12 113 * 12 6603G/4G customers (3)-(+35.8) (+37.6) (+41.2) (+30.7) * (+24.9) * (+4.5) 120.0 174.5 190.2 209.9 228.4 238.1 * 239.1Number of public mobile subscribersper 100 population 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0% of population covered by mobile cellular telephone network 30.0 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5100Average mobile cellular tariffs (100 minutes of use per month) (HK$)Number of short messages (1) (thousands)(4)1 035 698 5 645 420 6 859 404 7 395 653 5 430 286 3 295 957 2 513 563Sent(4)(+148.5) (+26.7) (+21.5) (+7.8) (-26.6) (-39.3) (-23.7)(4)1 920 079 7 801 188 9 399 709 9 471 649 6 872 556 5 132 902 4 688 444Received(4)(+87.4) (+23.5) (+20.5) (+0.8) (-27.4) (-25.3) (-8.7)(1)800/900 (1) This table is continued on the next page. 2015 32 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.3Table 3.3 Public mobile services (cont'd) 20152 1 1 12 31 12 31 (1)20043 (2)2.5122.5GPRS IS-95B 2.5 (3)34(i)3434(ii)3434342005 (4) * Notes:Figures in brackets denote percentage changes over the preceding year Population-related figures shown in the above table are compiled based on the latest population estimates released in February 2015. The number of short messages sent and received are calculated based on the sumobtained between 1 J anuary and 31 December every year, while other figures in the table are recorded as at 31 December every year. (1)Figures from2004 onwards include 3G mobile phone services. (2)2.5G customers refer to those customers who have joined the service plans for 2.5G services (including general packet radio service (GPRS) and IS-95B services) or used the 2.5G services at least once in December of the reference year. (3)3G/4G customers refer to those (i) who are registered as 3G/4G customers or purchase pre-paid SIM cards for 3G/4G services; and (ii) who are not registered as 3G/4G customers or do not purchase pre-paid SIM cards for 3G/4G services, but have used 3G/4G frequencies to receive the public mobile services.The figures include customers of pre-paid SIM cards.Figures are available as from2005. (4) The number of short messages sent and received includes messages between mobile customers as well as messages sent to mobile customers fromfixed locations and vice versa. The number of messages received exceeds the number of messages sent because some sent messages were received by more than one recipient. *Revised figures. Source:Office of the Communications Authority 2015 33 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.4Table 3.4 External telecommunications traffic2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 6 973.8 10 029.4 10 308.7 10 541.7 10 525.0 10 361.8 10 426.4Total external telephone traffic volume (+18.0) (+0.3) (+2.8) (+2.3) (-0.2) (-1.6) (+0.6)(million minutes) 4 936.5 7 758.6 7 727.2 7 646.1 7 888.1 8 043.0 8 218.1Total outgoing (+16.6) (+1.3) (-0.4) (-1.0) (+3.2) (+2.0) (+2.2)(1)2 037.3 2 270.8 2 581.6 2 895.6 2 636.9 2 318.7 2 208.3Total incoming(1)(+21.5) (-3.1) (+13.7) (+12.2) (-8.9) (-12.1) (-4.8)(2) 1 651 181 156 112 65 32 15Total external telex traffic volume(2)(-35.4) (-48.5) (-13.8) (-27.9) (-41.8) (-50.8) (-53.1)(thousand minutes) (1) (2) Notes:Figures in brackets denote percentage changes over the preceding year. (1)Estimated figures. (2)Not including telex refile traffic. Source:Office of the Communications Authority 2015 34 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.5Table 3.5 Internet services2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Internet traffic volume(1)1 897 259 179 168 185 222 248 (-46.8) (-14.9) (-31.1) (-5.9) (+10.0) (+20.0) (+11.7)Customer access via Public SwitchedTelephone Networks (1) (million minutes)368 708 1 435 691 1 652 942 1 924 886 2 232 256 2 581 114 2 946 653(2)(+215.9) (+11.4) (+15.1) (+16.5) (+16.0) (+15.6) (+14.2)Customer access via broadband networks (terabytes) (2)Number of customers of licensedInternet service providers (ISPs) 1 003 604644 078741 511788 835793 811462 376239 427(3) (4)(-7.4) (+3.6) (+15.1) (+6.4) (+0.6) (-41.8) (-48.2)Registered customer accounts withdial-up access (excluding Internetpre-paid calling cards) (3) (4)(3) 9 800 300 0 0 0 0 0Internet pre-paid calling cards for (-52.0) (0.0) (-100.0) - - - -dial-up access(3)2 2591 5711 5801 5461 5651 6412 268(3) (4)(-17.5) (-8.9) (+0.6) (-2.2) (+1.2) (+4.9) (+38.2)Registered customer accounts withleased line access(3) (4) 1 484 486 2 033 352 2 126 962 2 244 514 2 264 545 2 232 031 2 268 576Registered broadband Internet access (+20.6) (+5.8) (+4.6) (+5.5) (+0.9) (-1.4) (+1.6)customer accounts 36.8 38.3 40.7 42.7 42.6 37.3 34.6(3)Fixed Internet subscribers per 100 population(3) 21.8 29.1 30.2 31.6 31.5 30.9 31.2Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 100 population - 54.6 74.5 104.3 135.1 * 167.7 * 174.3(5)Mobile broadband subscribers per 100 population(5) This table is continued on the next page. 2015 35 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.5Table 3.5 Internet services (cont'd)2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(6) 95.1566.6620.9913.1 1 314.4 1 881.7 * 2 928.6Internet access tariffs (per month) (HK$) 30.068.068.068.068.0 N.A. N.A.-100.7123.086.786.7159.0148.0International Internet bandwidth per person (6)(Kilobits per second (Kbps))Fixed broadband(5) (8)(7)Dial-up modem (7)(5) (8) 20152 (1) (2)18 (3) (4) (5)2005 (6) (7)100HK$1.22003 (8) 200820122013 2008 10 2010100 * Notes:Figures in brackets denote percentage changes over the preceding year. Population-related figures shown in the above table are compiled based on the latest population estimates released in February 2015. (1)Figures do not include customer access via leased circuits and broadband services. (2)1 terabytes equals to 8 terabits. (3)Estimated figures based on the return fromthe ISPs and do not include users who are not customers of the licensed ISPs. (4)Registered customer accounts refer to the customer accounts of ISPs (including those free-of-charge customer accounts).For a registeredcustomeraccountwhichhasmorethanoneuserloginID,itiscountedasoneregisteredcustomeraccountonly. Figures do not include customer accounts which are provided with e-mail addresses only. (5)Figures are available as from2005. (6)The International Internet Bandwidth refers to the equipped capacity of the external circuits. (7) Monthlysubscriptionprovidedserviceof100-houronlinetime.Inadditiontothemonthlysubscriptionfee,achargeof HK$1.2/hour was imposed on Internet access.Figures are available as from2003. (8) There has been a downward trend in the access tariff of broadband services between 2008 and 2012.It is mainly attributable to the fact that service providers attracted new subscribers of broadband services by offering preferential tariff.The tariff level in 2013 mainly reflects the enhancement of the quality of broadband services offered in terms of speed (the service providers mainly offered broadband services of 10Mbps in 2008.From2010 onward, service providers have gradually offered customers with broadband services of 100Mbps or above). *Revised figures. Source:Office of the Communications Authority 2015 36 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.6 (1)Table 3.6Statistics(1) on use of information and communication technology (ICT) by households and individuals2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20141 581.9 1 756.3 1 832.2 - 1 921.0 1 968.7 1 992.7Number of households with personalcomputers (PCs) at home (thousands) 71.175.877.9 -80.081.981.3% of households with PCs at home 1 444.7 1 699.4 1 795.4 - 1 871.2 1 920.5 1 929.3Number of households with PCs at home connectedto Internet (thousands) 64.973.376.4 -77.979.978.7% of households with PCs at home connected to Internet 12 3 669.7 4 349.4 - - 4 577.8 4 714.3 4 651.6 10 Number of persons aged 10 and over who had used PCsduring the 12 months before enumeration (thousands) 12 59.570.2 - -72.874.973.5 10 % of persons aged 10 and over who had usedPCs during the 12 months before enumeration 12 - - - - 3 395.9 3 849.5 4 886.0 10 Number of persons aged 10 and over who had smartphoneduring the 12 months before enumeration (thousands) 12 - - - -54.061.177.2 10 % of persons aged 10 and over who had smartphoneduring the 12 months before enumeration This table is continued on the next page. 2015 37 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.6(1) Table 3.6Statistics(1) on use of information and communication technology (ICT) by households and individuals(cont'd)2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 12 10 Persons aged 10 and over who had used Internetservices during the 12 months before enumeration 3 479.7 4 300.0 - - 4 580.1 4 671.8 5 052.5Number of persons (thousands) 10 56.469.4 - -72.974.279.9As a % of all persons aged 10 and overWithin whichHad used PCs for connection to Internet - - - - 4 535.0 - 4 256.5Number of persons (thousands) 12 10 - - - -99.0 -84.2As a % of all persons aged 10and over who had used Internetservices during the 12 monthsbefore enumerationHad used smartphone for connection to Internet - - - - 3 157.9(2)- 4 782.8Number of persons (thousands) 12 10 - - - -68.9(2)-94.7As a % of all persons aged 10and over who had used Internetservices during the 12 monthsbefore enumeration (1)(2)Notes: (1)(2) ()Source: Social Surveys Section (1), Census and Statistics Department201020112012102014To relieve the respondents reporting burden, the scope of data collection for the 2010 round of the Household IT Survey was reduced, andthe information in respect of the use of ICT by individuals was not collected.Similar Household IT Survey was not conducted in 2011.Figure includes persons aged 10 and over who had used mobile phone (including but not confined only to smartphone) for connection toInternet in 2012.It is not directly comparable with that for 2014, which covers connection via smartphone only. 2015 38 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.7(1)Table 3.7Statistics on use of information and communication technology (ICT) by businesses(1)2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 (%)54.860.560.563.863.163.675.2Proportion of business establishmentsusing computers (%) (%)(2)- 53.756.457.558.460.062.9Proportion of persons employed in businessestablishments routinely using computers (%) (2) (%)47.554.755.959.858.860.674.8Proportion of business establishmentsusing the Internet (%) (%)(2)- 42.946.249.551.453.759.4Proportion of persons employed in businessestablishments routinely using the Internet (%) (2)(3) (%)13.515.517.518.219.320.026.4Proportion of business establishmentswith a web presence(3) (%) (%) (2)- 20.422.420.727.724.626.8Proportion of business establishmentswith a Local Area Network (LAN) (%) (2) (%) (2)-6.27.712.711.012.016.1Proportion of business establishmentswith an intranet (%) (2) (%) (2)-1.41.94.84.63.74.9Proportion of business establishmentswith an extranet (%) (2) (%)9.615.411.711.413.212.914.9Proportion of business establishments placingorders online (%)51.052.354.758.358.960.158.3 (%)Proportion of business establishments withreceipt of goods, services or information online (%) (%)1.11.81.51.81.31.54.3Proportion of business establishments receivingorders online (%)13.615.718.018.319.420.155.9 (%)Proportion of business establishments withdelivery of goods, services or information online (%) This table is continued on the next page. 2015 39 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.7(1)Table 3.7Statistics on use of information and communication technology (ICT) by businesses (cont'd)(1) 3.8 (1)(2)Table 3.8 Total information technology (IT) expenditure in the business sector as a ratio to Gross DomesticProduct (GDP)(1)(2)2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 201333.7 37.0 33.6 38.6 50.4 50.7 55.02.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.6@ Total IT expenditure in the business sector (HK$ billion)(%)Total IT expenditure in the business sector as a ratio to GDP (%)(1)20082.02008 (2)20155 @ Notes:(1)The coverage of industries in the business sector is based on the Hong Kong Standard Industrial Classification Version 2.0 which has been adopted since 2008.Figures for the years of 2008 or before did not cover: sewerage, waste collection, treatment and disposalactivities,materialsrecoveryandremediationactivitiesandotherwastemanagementservices.Nevertheless,those industries had only slight effect on the overall figures. (2)Figures on GDP refer to the latest statistics released in May 2015. @Figure is subject to revision later on. Source: Science and Technology Statistics Section, Census and Statistics Department (1)20102012 (2)2005 (3) Note:(1)StatisticsarecompiledfromdatacollectedthroughtheSurveyonInformationTechnologyUsageandPenetrationinthe Business Sector.Similar survey was not conducted during 2010 to 2012. (2)Figures are available as from2005. (3)Business establishments with a web presence refer to those having a website/webpage or having a presence on another related entitys website/webpage.Business establishments simply listed in an online directory and having a presence on any other websites/webpageswheretheestablishmentsdonothavesubstantialcontroloverthecontentofthewebsites/webpages concerned are excluded. Source:Science and Technology Statistics Section, Census and Statistics Department 2015 40 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.9 Table 3.9 Computerisation in the Government1231As at 31 December of each year2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 201476 94 94 94 95 95 9552 91 92 87 87 92 9340 74 61 69 72 77 78 3.10 Table 3.10 Government information technology staff331Establishment as at 31 March of each yearGrade2004 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014759 759 772 794 819 869 900489 443 442 441 442 444 463203 189 186 183 176 174 169 1 451 1 391 1 400 1 418 1 437 1 487 1 532TotalComputer operatorData processor(1) % of staff (1) with designated workstations% of staff with Internet access% of staff with internal e-mail accessAnalyst/programmer(1) Note:(1)Apart fromcivil servants, persons employed by the Government under other terms (e.g. contract terms) are also included. Source:Office of the Government Chief Information Officer Source:Office of the Government Chief Information Officer 2015 41 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.11 Table 3.11 Government spending on information technology (IT)2003-04 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14(1)3,0813,0273,4383,7813,5353,8264,315(2)3,8873,9544,4484,9304,7295,1775,7681.4 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.30.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3)Government spending on IT (HK$ million) (%) (3)Government expenditure on IT as a ratio topublic expenditure (%) (3) (%) (3) (4)Government expenditure on IT as a ratio toGross Domestic Product (GDP) (%) (3) (4) (1)2001-02 (2)(1) (3)2001-02(1)2001-02(2) (4)20155 Notes: Staff cost is computed on a full cost basis. (1)Starting from2001-02, Government spending on IT also includes non-administrative computer systems under Capital Subventions and Major Systems and Equipment. (2)The figures refer to the sumof those shown in row (1) and the IT expenditure of Housing Authority, Hospital Authority and subvented schools. (3)Government spending on IT is calculated using the figures in row (1) before 2001-02, while using the figures in row (2) for 2001-02 and afterwards. (4)Figures on GDP refer to the latest statistics released in May 2015. Source:Office of the Government Chief Information Officer 2015 43Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4 Chapter 4 Human Resources and Education in Information Technology Introduction 4.1 4.1The availability of human resources with the rightskillsisvitaltosustainabledevelopmentof ICTinaneconomy.Educationandtrainingin informationtechnology(IT)canimprovethe knowledge and skills of personnel relating to ICT. 4.2 1983 1 4.2TheCommitteeonInformationTechnology TrainingandDevelopmentoftheVocational Training Council (VTC) is charged with the duty to assessthemanpowerrequirementsandtraining needsofITpersonnelandtodrawup recommendationsonthisfront.VTChasbeen conducting an economy-wide IT manpower survey1 since 1983 to collect relevant data from the business community,withaviewtoevaluatingtheIT manpower situation in Hong Kong. 4.3 4.3In response to the demand for IT manpower invariousindustries,theGovernmenthasbeen deployingsubstantialresourcesintheareasof education and training for nurturing IT personnel in Hong Kong.Apart from increasing the number of studentplacesforITinthepost-secondary institutions, efforts have also been made to promote ITineducationinbothprimaryandsecondary schoolsinordertohelpstudentsdeveloptheir capabilitiestoprocessinformationeffectively,and toacquiretheknowledge,skillsandattitude requiredforadaptingtotheadventofnew technology. 1 1983 1TheManpowerSurveyoftheInformationTechnologySectorisa biennial survey conducted by the Vocational Training Council since 1983.Since IT employees are employed in all major sectors of theeconomytoperformvarioustypesofITduties,thesurveycovers establishments in all major sectors. 2015 44Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Existing Manpower Structure in the IT Field 4.4200462 098 2014 82 97333.6%4.1 4.4ThefindingsoftheITmanpowersurveys showedthatthetotalnumberofITemployees increased from 62 098 in 2004 to 82 973 in 2014, representing an increase of 33.6% over the period. (Table 4.1) 4.5201482 973 31 414 37.9%19 10523.0%9 148 11.0%2006201471.3%2006201458.0% 4.14.1 4.5AstheITsectorhasbeendevelopingfor someyears,thejobcategoryofIT/software developmentrankedtopamidthedemandforIT manpower.Amongthe82 973ITemployeesin 2014,31 414(37.9%)wereinIT/software development, 19 105 (23.0%) in operation services; and 9 148 (11.0%) in field support.On the other hand, the fastest growing job categories were field support (registering a remarkable increase of 71.3% between2006and2014)andtelecommunications andnetworking(increaseof58.0%between2006 and 2014). (Table 4.1 and Chart 4.1) 4.6 2014 27 52233.2%16 58120.0%15 16518.3%4.2 4.2 4.6ITemployeesareengagedinvirtuallyall majorindustries.In2014,theITproductsand services suppliers category had the largest share of IT employees (27 522), accounting for 33.2% of the totalITemployees.Thiswasfollowedbythe wholesale, retail and import/export trades, catering andhotelssector(16 581or20.0%);andthe financing,insurance,realestateandbusiness servicessector(15 165or18.3%).(Table4.2and Chart 4.2) 4.7200416 800201427 5004.2 4.7TheITproductsandservicessuppliers categorywasalsothefastestgrowingsegment,in terms of the intake of IT employees.The number ofITemployeesincreasedfromaround16 800in 2004 to around 27 500 in 2014.On the other hand, theincreaseinintakeofITemployeeshad moderated in most of the other industries in recent years. (Table 4.2) 2015 45Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ITProgrammesFundedbytheUniversity Grants Committee (UGC) 4.8 2006/07 2004/05 4.8Most of the UGC-funded institutions in Hong KongareofferingITprogrammesatsub-degree, undergraduateandpostgraduatelevels.Thetotal numberofgraduatesofUGC-fundedIT programmes (including both full-time and part-time programmes) seemed to have decreased as from the 2006/07academicyear.Thesefiguresshouldbe interpreted with caution because, starting from the 2004/05academicyear,UGC-fundedsub-degree and taught postgraduate programmes had generally beenconvertedtotheself-financingmode,thus attributingtothedecreaseinnumberofgraduates reported for these two levels. 4.92008/092013/142 3002 4004.82006/072013/142 2551939%1 77679%28613% 4.34.9Duringtheacademicyearsof2008/09to 2013/14,thetotalnumberofgraduates(including bothfull-timeandpart-timestudents)of UGC-fundedITprogrammeswasaround2 300to 2 400ineachacademicyear.Thereason mentionedinparagraph4.8isalsorelevantfor explaining the decrease in number of graduates as fromthe2006/07academicyearingeneral. Amongthe2 255graduatesinthe2013/14 academicyear,193(9%)weresub-degree graduates,1 776(79%)weregraduatesof undergraduateprogrammesand286(13%)were graduatesofresearchpostgraduateprogrammes. (Table 4.3) UseofITinEducationatPrimaryand Secondary Levels 4.10 4.10TheGovernmentassumesaleadingand coordinating role in promoting the application of IT in education, and schools are given the flexibility to devise their own corresponding e-learning plans. 2015 46Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4.112013/142 3003 000215749 4.44.5 4.11In the 2013/14 academic year, the Education Bureauorganised215in-houseITinEducation Courses,whichwereattendedbyabout2 300 primary school teachers and 3 000 secondary school teachers.Inaddition,therewere7courses, including49events,onthesubjectconducted throughexternaltraininginstitutions.(Tables4.4 and 4.5) 4.122013/141 4002 100191 4.44.5 4.12In the 2013/14 academic year, the Education Bureaualsoorganised191coursesonWeb-based SchoolAdministrationandManagementSystem (WebSAMS), which were attended by about 1 400 primary school teachers and 2 100 secondary school teachers. (Tables 4.4 and 4.5) 4.13 2013/14 500 4.6 4.13Inthe2013/14academicyear,therewere around 500 teachers each in primary and secondary schoolsrespectivelywithdutiesasIT coordinators/IT in-charge. (Table 4.6) 4.142013/141 900 4.7 4.14Inthe2013/14academicyear,about1 900 secondaryschoolteacherswereteaching IT/computer studies. (Table 4.7) Further reference 20042006200820102012 2014 ManpowerSurveyReport-InformationTechnology Sector, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014 2015 47 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4.1Table 4.1 Manpower structure of the information technology (IT) sector by job categoryNumber of employees2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 201428 733 28 916 24 206 26 340 29 085 31 414IT/Software development8 609 12 756 16 235 15 950 17 305 19 105Operation services(1)Technical services (1)(2)10 642 5 340 6 277 7 970 9 171 9 148Field support (2)(2)4 314 3 732 3 988 3 764 3 705 4 103Systems programming (2) 897837525753 1 042915Database 391424361509577622IT security(2) (3)- 4 517 4 531 5 741 6 705 6 710IT sales and marketing (2) (3)4 265 3 749 6 153 5 948 6 007 5 923Telecommunications and networking2 494 2 575 3 302 5 161 3 650 3 571IT education and training(4)1 753 1 627 1 119 1 242 1 438 1 462General IT management (4)62 098 64 473 66 697 73 378 78 685 82 973Total(1)2004 (2)20042006-20082010 (3)2006-2008 (4)2004 Notes:(1)The corresponding job category for 2004 was "Technical support". (2) Hardware and software sales employees with technical knowledge of IT products and services who were grouped under the job categories "Field support" and "Systems programming" in 2004 round were classified under the job category "IT sales" in 2006 2008 rounds and "IT sales and marketing" starting from2010 round. (3)The corresponding job category in 2006-2008 rounds was "IT sales". (4)The corresponding job category for 2004 was "IT management". Source:Vocational Training Council 2015 48 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4.12014Chart 4.1 Manpower structure of the information technology (IT) sector by job category, 2014 J ob category IT/Software development Field support 622(0.7%)915(1.1%)1 462(1.8%)3 571(4.3%)4 103(4.9%)5 923(7.1%)6 710(8.1%)9 148(11.0%)19 105 (23.0%)31 414(37.9%) 0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000 Systems programming General IT management Database IT security Operation services IT education and training : 82 973 Total number of IT employees : 82 973 Number of IT employees IT sales and marketing Note:Figures in brackets denote the percentage shares in the total number of IT employees. Source:Vocational Training Council Telecommunications and networking 2015 49 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4.2Table 4.2 Distribution of information technology (IT) employees by industry groupingNumber of employees2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014(1)23 356 26 563 27 522IT products and services suppliers (1)16 802 18 465 17 737(2)631 680 697Digital creative (2)13 749 15 050 14 459 15 742 15 940 16 581Wholesale, retail and import/export trades,catering and hotels13 575 12 508 16 566 13 413 13 536 15 165Financing, insurance, real estate and business services(3)7 961 9 159 9 497 9 733Community, social and personal services(excluding hospitals) (3)8 688 8 934423 556 750 931Medical and health care services3 014 2 680 3 014 3 747 3 922Communications services1 803 1 762 1 771 1 837 1 959Transport and storage services2 029 2 076 2 389 2 600 2 867 2 948Manufacturing2 271 2 134 2 161 2 497 2 470 2 703Government bureaux/departments326 333 333 332 374 378Electricity, gas and water172 156 226 307 424 434Construction62 098 64 473 66 697 73 378 78 685 82 973Total4 486(1) 2004 (2) 2004-2008 (3) 2004-2006 Notes:(1) The corresponding sector in 2004 round was "software vendors". (2) "Digital creative" sector was grouped under "IT products and services suppliers" in 2004-2008 rounds. (3) The corresponding sector in 2004-2006 rounds included hospitals. Source:Vocational Training Council 2015 50 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4.22014Chart 4.2 Distribution of information technology (IT) employees by industry grouping, 2014Construction434 (0.5%)Medical and healthcare services931 (1.1%)Transport and storageservices1 959 (2.4%)Communications services3 922 (4.7%)Governmentbureaux/departments2 703 (3.3%)Manufacturing2 948 (3.6%)IT products and servicessuppliers27 522 (33.2%)Digital creative697 (0.8%)Wholesale, retail and import/export trades, cateringandhotels16 581 (20.0%)Financing, insurance, realestate and business services15 165 (18.3%)Community, social andpersonal services (excludinghospitals)9 733 (11.7%)Electricity, gas and water378 (0.5%) : 82 973 Total number of IT employees : 82 973 Note:Figures in brackets denote the percentage shares in the total number of IT employees. Source:Vocational Training Council 2015 51 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4.3Table 4.3 Graduates of information technology programmes funded by University Grants Committee (UGC) by level of studyNumber of graduatesAcademic year2003/04 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14798 222 224 219 226 206 193Sub-degree (+16.0) (-14.6) (+0.9) (-2.2) (+3.2) (-8.8) (-6.3)1 969 1 825 1 914 1 894 1 813 1 797 1 776Undergraduate (+0.1) (-4.4) (+4.9) (-1.0) (-4.3) (-0.9) (-1.2) 666210000Taught postgraduate (-3.6) (-88.2) (-50.0) (-100.0) - - - 214216242222226251286Research postgraduate (+2.9) (+1.4) (+12.0) (-8.3) (+1.8) (+11.1) (+13.9)3 647 2 265 2 381 2 335 2 265 2 254 2 255Total (+2.6) (-5.5) (+5.1) (-1.9) (-3.0) (-0.5) (*)Level of study Source:University Grants Committee 1. Note:Figures in brackets denote percentage changes over the preceding year. 2.'*0.05% * denotes less than 0.05% 2015 52 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4.4Table 4.4 Number of information technology (IT) courses offered by Education Bureau for primary andsecondary school teachers by course typeNumber of coursesAcademic year2003/04 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 70 174 199 203 154 164 110Primary schools (-73.7) (+9.4) (+14.4) (+2.0) (-24.1) (+6.5) (-32.9) 72 207 174 186 201 226 105Secondary schools (-55.3) (+1.5) (-15.9) (+6.9) (+8.1) (+12.4) (-53.5)Courses on School Administration andManagement System (SAMS)and Web-based School Administrationand Management System (WebSAMS) 153 79 62 71 73 101 94Primary schools (-17.7) (+27.4) (-21.5) (+14.5) (+2.8) (+38.4) (-6.9) 146 88 67 77 77 106 97Secondary schools (-65.9) (+27.5) (-23.9) (+14.9) (0.0) (+37.7) (-8.5)(1)IT in Education Courses(1) (1) Notes:Figures in brackets denote percentage changes over the preceding year. (1) IT in Education Courses cover training courses for teachers to empower themto use IT for enhancing learning and teaching. Source:Education Infrastructure Division and Information Technology Management Division, Education Bureau 2015 53 Hong Kong as an Information Society 2015Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4.5 Table 4.5 Number of teachers who had attended information