{]hmkn€¦ · {]hmkn September 2020 7 tcmKmhØIfneqsS k©cn¡p¶h-cpsS am\knI, kmaqlnImhØIÄ Xsâ AÀ_pZImes¯ A\p`h§fn-eqsS hnebncp¯p¶p IYmImcnbmb te-JnI. kn-Xm-c Fkv [email protected]

$Page 1: {]hmkn€¦ · {]hmkn September 2020 7 tcmKmhØIfneqsS k©cn¡p¶h-cpsS am\knI, kmaqlnImhØIÄ Xsâ AÀ_pZImes¯ A\p`h§fn-eqsS hnebncp¯p¶p IYmImcnbmb te-JnI. kn-Xm-c Fkv ssssithu@gmail.com$
September 2020 1{]hmkn

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P R A V A S I R I S A L A

SEPTEMBER 2020{]hmkn

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ContentsDÅS¡‑w

FÃnÂ X-d¡p¶t\m«§Ä

amXmhmbpw hnZymÀYnbmbpw tcmKmhØ-IfnÂIgnªpIqSnb Ime¯v a\kpsh´ cïp

t]cpsS A\p`h§Ä kaql a\xkm£ytbmSvNneXv tNmZn¡p¶pïv.

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ContentsDÅS¡‑w

c-N-\-IÄ [email protected] F-¶ C sa-bn-en-te-¡v A-b¡pI.{]-kn-²o-I-c-W tbm-Ky-sa-¦nÂ H-cp am-k-¯n-\-Iw hn-h-cw A-dn-bn-¡pw.

c-N-\-IÄ kw-_-Ôn-¨ hn-h-c-§Ä t^m-Wn-eq-sS e-`n-¡p-¶-X-Ã.

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Prefacea‑pJh‑pc

tc‑m‑K‑w

B-tc-m-K-y-a-p-Å a-\-k-p-w i-c-o-c-h-p-w F-¶v \-m-w B-i-b-]-c-a-m-b-n A-`-n -{]-m-b-s¸-S-p-t¼-m-g-p-w a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-m-¯ B-g-¯-n-e-p-Å a-p-d-n -th-m P-o-h-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-p-Å a-c-W-ta-m H-s¡-b-m-W-v tc-m-K-m-h-Ø. A-k-p-J-¯-n-sâ h-e-p-¸-h-p-w sN-d-p-¸-h-p-w ]-p-d-¯-p-\-n -¶-p-Å h-n-e-b-n-c-p -¯-e-m-W-v. A-k-p-J-a-p-Å-hÀ-¡-v A-h-c-p-sS A-\-p-`-h-X-o-£-v-W-X X-s¶-b-m-W-v h-e-n-b -tc-m-K-w. sh-Å-¸-m-ï-p-ï-m-¡-p-¶ i-m-c-o-c-n-I A-k-z-Ø-X-b-Ã, a-m-\-k-n-I-a-m-b-n D-ï-m-¡-p-¶ B-L-m-X-a-m-W-v B tc-m-K-¯-n-sâ X-o-{h-X. B-i-p-]-{X-n h-c-m-´-I-f-n-e-p-w h-n-{i-a-¡-«-n-e-p-I-f-n-e-p-sa-m-s¡-b-m-b-n I-g-n-tb-ï-n-h-c-p-¶ tc-m-K-m-h-Ø-I-f-n-e-q-sS k-©-c-n-¨-h-c-p-sS s\-m-¼-c-§-f-p-w h-n-N-m-c-§-f-p-a-m-W-v


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a‑pJh‑pcPreface

C-u e-¡-¯-n-se {]-[-m-\ D-Å-S-¡-w. H¸w {]-h-m-k-a-e-b-m-f-w ]-W-n-X k-m-a-q-l-n-I-tI-c-f-w, tI-m-h-n-U-n-s\-m-¸-w ]-p-tc-m-K-a-n-¡-p-¶ sN-d-p-¸-¡-m-c-p-sS h-n-N-m-c-§Ä, ]-W-a-p-ï-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w I-¨-h-S-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w th-ï I-c-p-XÂ X-p-S-§-n-b h-n-i-I-e-\-§-f-p-w.

]-{X---m-[---n-]À


tcmKmhØIfneqsS k©cn¡p¶h-cpsSam\knI, kmaqlnImhØIÄ XsâAÀ_pZImes¯ A\p`h§fn-eqsS

hnebncp¯p¶p IYmImcnbmb te-JnI.

kn-Xm-c [email protected]

കോൻസർ ക�ിയ്ക്കുര്ോഴും

മകനോയി�ുന്ു മനസിൽ

IhÀ‑kv‑tämdnCover Story

]-ï-p I-m-e-s¯ B-f-p-IÄ ]-d-b-m-d-p-Å H-c-p ]-g-sa-m-g-n-b-p-ï-v. ]-W-a-n-sÃ-¦-nÂ I-p-g-¸-a-n-Ã,

B-tc-m-K-y-a-n-sÃ-¦-nÂ I-p-g-¸-a-n-Ã. k-z-`-m-h-a-m-W-v G-ä-h-p-w {]-[-m-\-w. If wealth is lost, nothing is lost. If health is lost, something is lost. If character is lost, everything is lost. ]-t£ F-\-n-¡-v A-\-m-tc-m-K-y A-h-Ø-b-nÂ-I-q-S-n I-S-¶-p-t]-m-b ti-j-w tX-m-¶-n-b-X-v k-z-`-m-h-w


h-f-sc {]-[-m-\-a-m-W-v, F-¦-n-e-p-w A-X-p-t]-m-se-X-s¶ {]-[-m-\-a-m-W-v B-tc-m-K-y-h-p-w. B H-c-p ]-g-s©-m-Ã-n-\-v h-n-]-c-o-X-a-m-b-n-«-v If health is lost, everythting is lost F-¶-p-w tX-m-¶-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v.

B-tc-m-K-y-a-m-W-vP-o-h-n-X-w

\-a-p-¡-v F-g-p-t¶-ä-v \-nÂ-¡-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-I, \-½-p-sS I-m-c-y-§Ä k-z-b-w sN-¿-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-I, H-c-½-¡-v I-p-ª-p-§-f-p-sS I-m-c-y-§Ä t\-m-¡-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-I, K-r-l-\-m-Y-¡-v I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-sâ I-m-c-y-§Ä \-n-d-th-ä-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-I, K-r-l-\-m-Y-\-v I-m-c-y-§Ä t\-m-¡-n-\-S-¯-m³ I-g-n-b-p-I, C-X-m-W-v P-o-h-n-X-w. B-tc-m-K-y-a-n-Ã-m-b-v-a C-X-n-s\-sb-m-s¡ _-m-[-n-¡-p-w. ̀ -u-X-n-I-a-m-b a-m-ä-§Ä a-m-{X-a-Ã, \-½-p-sS a-\-k-n-s\-b-p-w B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-s¯-b-p-sa-m-s¡ H-c-p-]-m-S-v _-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v B-tc-m-K-y-w \-i-n-¨-p-t]-m-h-p-I, B-tc-m-K-y-w C-Ã-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-I, C-X-n-te-X-n-e-q-sS-sb-¦-n-e-p-w I-S-¶-p-t]-m-h-p-I F-¶-X-v. ]-e-c-p-w C-X-n-s\ ]-e c-o-X-n-b-n-e-m-W-v I-m-W-p-¶-X-v. F-\-n-¡-v tX-m-¶-p-¶-X-v, \-½-p-sS-sb-m-s¡ B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-w k-z-´-w I-m-e-nÂ F-g-p-t¶-ä-v \-S-¡-m-\-m-h-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v. C-sX-sâ A-\-p-`-h-¯-nÂ-\-n-¶-v R-m³ ]T-n-¨ I-m-c-y-a-m-W-v. G-I-tZ-i-w H-¶-c hÀ-j-t¯-m-f-w a-q-¶-m-a-s¯ k-v--tä-P-v h-sc F-¯-n-b I-y-m³-k-d-nÂ I-n-S-¶-p-t]-m-b k-v-{X-o-b-m-W-v R-m³. I-o-ta-m, td-U-n-tb-j³, kÀ-P-d-n.. C-h-b-p-sS-sb-m-s¡ I-p-sd _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-IÄ.. B A-\-p-`-h-¯-n-sâ sh-f-n-¨-¯-nÂ R-m³ I-c-p-X-p-¶-X-v B-tc-m-K-y-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v



G-ä-h-p-w {]-[-m-\-sa-¶-m-W-v. \-½-p-sS a-\-k-n-\-v k-p-J-a-n-sÃ-¦-n-e-p-w U-n-{]-j³ B-sW-¦-n-e-p-w F-g-p-t¶-ä-v \-S-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶-X-n-\-v ssZ-h-w k-l-m-b-n-¡-tW F-¶-m-W-v R-m-s\-t¸-m-g-p-w {]-mÀ-Y-n-¡-m-d-p-Å-X-v. a-m-\-k-n-I A-k-z-mØ-y-§-sf I-p-d-¨-p I-m-W-n-¡-p-I-b-Ã.

\-n-k-l-m-b-X-IÄtc-m-K-m-h-Ø I-S-¶-p-t]-m-b H-c-m-tf-m-S-v tN-m-Z-n-

¨-m-e-d-n-b-m-w. -]-p-c-p-j-\-m-sW-¦-nÂ, tP-m-e-n-¡-v t]-m-I-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶-n-Ã-tÃ-m, ]-W-w k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-m-\-m-h-p-¶-n-Ã-tÃ-m, a-¡-f-p-sS I-m-c-y-w t\-m-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶-n-Ã-tÃ-m, k-z-´-w I-g-n-h-nÂ \-nÂ-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-m-¯ \-n-k-l-m-b-m-h-Ø-b-n-e-m-b-n-t¸-m-b-tÃ-m, a-ä-p-Å-hÀ-¡-v R-m-s\-m-c-p ̀ -m-c-a-m-tb-m F-s¶-m-s¡-b-p-Å B-i-¦-I-f-p-w h-n-j-a-§-f-p-a-p-ï-m-I-m-w. F-¶-mÂ A-X-n-s\-¡-mÄ ]-e-b-n-c-«-n {]-iv\-w k-v-{X-o-IÄ-¡-p-ï-m-I-p-sa-¶-v R-m³ a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-p-¶-p. k-v-{X-o F-¶-p ]-d-b-p-t¼-mÄ A-½ I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v. A-½-¡-v k-z-´-w I-m-c-y-w t\-m-



¡-m³ ]-ä-n-b-n-sÃ-¦-nÂ A-X-v k-l-n-¡-m-\-m-I-p-w. F-¶-mÂ X-sâ I-p-ª-p-§-f-p-sS I-m-c-y-w t\-m-¡-m-X-n-c-n-¡-m-\-m-h-n-Ã-tÃ-m. A-X-n-\-v I-g-n-b-m-sX h-c-n-I, B-tc-m-K-y-w \-ã-s¸-«-p-sI-m-ï-v I-n-S-¶-p-t]-m-I-p-¶ A-h-Ø. A-X-v k-v-{X-o-¡-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w G-ä-h-p-w k-¦-S-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶ I-m-c-y-w. F-sâ A-\-p-`-h-w A-X-mW-v.

I-p-ª-p-§Ä-¡-p-th@-n F-\-n-¡-v k-p-J-a-n-Ã-m-X-m-I-p-t¼-mÄ F-sâ a-q-¯-

a-I-\-v A-h-sâ I-m-c-y-§Ä k-z-´-a-m-b-n sN-¿-m³ ]-ä-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-t£ c-ï-m-a-s¯ a-I-\-v A-¶-v B-td-m G-tg-m a-m-k-w a-m-{X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p {]-m-b-w. ]-m-e-p-I-p-S-n \-nÀ-¯-n. I-o-ta-m sN-¿-p-¶-I-m-c-W-w F-sâ I-q-sS \-nÀ-¯-m³ ]-ä-m-¯ A-h-Ø-b-m-b-t¸-mÄ A-h-s\ h-o-«-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w a-m-tä-ï-n h-¶-p. B k-a-b-¯-v F-sâ I-m³-k-d-n-sâ _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-I-tf-¡-mÄ G-ä-h-p-w k-¦-S-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b I-m-c-y-w A-h-s\ t\-m-¡-m³ F-\-n-¡-v I-g-n-b-p-¶-n-Ã-tÃ-m F-¶-X-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-h-sâ I-c-¨-n-e-p-I-sf-b-p-w h-m-i-n-I-sf-b-p-w I-p-d-n-¨-p-Å B-[-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-h-\-v C-t¸-mÄ 5 h-b-k-m-b-n. F-sâ {S-o-ä-v- -saâ-v I-g-n-ª-p. ssZ-h-w k-l-m-b-n-¨-v I-m³-k-d-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w a-p-à-n t\-S-n. F-¶-mÂ-t]-m-e-p-w A-¶-s¯ Z-n-h-k-§Ä B-te-m-N-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ C-t¸-m-g-p-w F-\-n-¡-v C³-sk-I-y-q-c-n-ä-n A-\-p-`-h-s¸-S-m-d-p-ï-v. A-tX-k-a-b-w ssZ-h-t¯-m-S-v G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ \-µ-n ]-d-b-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p-ï-v. F-s¶ P-o-h-n-¸-n-¨-X-n-e-Ã, I-p-ª-n-\-v th-ï-n F-s¶ \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-n-b-tÃ-m F-¶-X-nÂ R-m³ {]-mÀ-Y-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p.



k-m-a-q-l-n-I k-l-X-m-]-§Äa-sä-m-c-p h-i-w, K-p-c-p-X-c-a-m-b tc-m-K-h-Ø-b-nÂ

I-n-S-¡-p-¶ k-a-b-¯-v tc-m-K-n-¡-v k-a-q-l-¯-n-t\-m-S-p-w k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-v tc-m-K-n-tb-m-S-p-a-p-Å k-a-o-]-\-§-f-m-W-v. C-u sI-m-td-m-W I-m-e-¯-v I-p-td-sb-m-s¡ Ø-n-X-n-K-X-n-IÄ a-m-dn-b-n-«-p-ï-v. te-m-I-w sI-m-td-m-W-¡-v a-p-¼-p-w ti-j-h-p-w G-¶ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ thÀ-X-n-c-n-¡-s¸-«-n-«-p-ï-tÃ-m. a-p-s¼-m-s¡ H-c-mÄ tc-m-K-w _-m-[-n-¨-v I-n-S-¡-p-t¼-mÄ k-a-q-l-w ]-p-eÀ-¯-n-b-n-c-p-¶ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ H-c-p-]-m-S-v a-m-ä-§Ä h-tc-ï-X-p-ï-v. F-sâ h-y-à-n-]-c-a-m-b H-c-\-p-`-h-w ]-d-b-m-w; F-\-n-¡-v I-m³-kÀ _-m-[-n-¨-v I-n-S-¡-p-t¼-mÄ k-µÀ-i-I-sc A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-c-p-sX-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p \-nÀ-tZ-i-w. C³-s^-£³ k-m-[-y-X-b-p-Å-X-p-sI-m-ï-v s]-m-X-p Ø-e-§-f-n-te-¡-n-d-§-c-p-sX-¶-v tU-m-ÎÀ ]-d-ª-n-c-p-¶-p. d-q-a-n-\-p-Å-nÂ-X-s¶ I-g-n-b-W-w. I-p-ª-n-s\-t]-m-e-p-w A-S-p-¯-p sI-m-ï-p-h-c-c-p-X-v. h-n-k-n-tä-g-v--k-n-s\ H-c-p c-o-X-n-b-n-e-p-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-c-p-X-v F-s¶-m-s¡-b-p-Å IÀ-i-\-a-m-b h-n-e-¡-p-I-f-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v a-m-k-§-tf-m-f-w R-m³ a-p-d-n-¡-p-Å-nÂ X-s¶-b-m-W-v I-g-n-ª-X-v. ]-t£ k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-v tc-m-K-n-tb-m-S-p-Å I¬-tk-W-n-t\-¡-m-f-p-]-c-n \-m-«-p-\-S-¸-p-I-tf-m-S-p-Å I¬-tk-W-m-W-v I-q-S-p-X-se-¶-v tX-m-¶-n. I-m-c-W-w k-µÀ-i-IÀ ]-m-S-n-Ã F-¶-d-n-ª-n-«-p-w ]-e-c-p-w F-s¶ H-c-p a-p-¶-d-n-b-n-¸-p-a-n-Ã-m-sX h-¶-v I-ï-p. C-X-v \-m-«-p-\-S-¸-m-W-tÃ-m F-¶ c-o-X-n-b-n-e-m-b-n-c-n-¡-m-w.

D-X-v-I-W-vT-IÄ sI-m-ï-m-W-v A-h-c-n-§-s\ h-c-p-¶-sX-¶-v F-\-n-¡-d-n-b-m-w. B k-a-b-¯-v AÂ-]-w k-z-m-Ø-y-w X-¶-v sh-d-p-sX h-n-S-p-I-b-m-W-v A-hÀ



sN-t¿-ï-X-v F-s¶-m-s¡ F-\-n-¡-v tX-m-¶-p-w. A-h-sc-s¡-m-ï-v A-§-s\ ]-ä-m-¯-X-v sI-m-ï-m-W-tÃ-m C-¯-c-¯-nÂ k-µÀ-i-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-X-v a-m-{X-a-Ã a-m-\-k-n-I-a-m-b-n H-c-p h-n-k-n-ä-sd k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-m-\-p-Å A-h-Ø-b-n-e-m-b-n-c-n-¡-n-Ã \-½Ä, I-m³-kÀ {S-o-ä-v- -saâ-v B-I-p-t¼-mÄ {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-p-w. I-o-ta-m sN-b-v-X-v \-½-p-sS c-q-]-sa-m-s¡ B-sI a-m-d-n-b-n-«-p-ï-m-I-p-w. B-sI-¸-m-sS H-c-p U-n-{]-j³ B-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. k-z-´-w i-c-o-c-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å Câ-n-_-n-j³-k-v th-sd-b-p-w. X-e-a-p-S-n t]-m-b-n sa-m-«-b-m-b-n-«-p-ï-m-I-p-w. ]-p-c-n-I-w D-ï-m-h-n-Ã. A-§-s\-sb-m-s¡-b-p-Å k-a-b-¯-v \-a-p-¡-v a-ä-p-Å-h-sc I-m-W-m³ X-m-X-v-]-c-y-a-p-ï-m-h-n-Ã. k-w-k-m-c-n-¡-m-t\-m D-]-N-m-c h-m-¡-v ]-d-b-m-t\-m I-g-n-b-n-Ã. A-X-v h-c-p-¶-hÀ a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-m-d-n-Ã.

tc-m-K-n-b-p-sS Iw-^À-«-vI¬-tk¬ F-¶-X-n-t\-¡-m-f-p-]-c-n tc-m-K-n-b-p-

sS I-w-^À-«-n-\-m-W-v k-a-q-l-w I-q-S-p-XÂ {]-m-[-m-\-y-w \Â-tI-ï-X-v. A-X-v \-½-p-sS k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ X-m-c-X-ta-y-\ I-p-d-h-m-W-v. A-X-m-b-X-v N-n-eÀ ]-d-b-p-I-t]-m-



e-p-w sN-¿-p-w, "h-¿-m-sX I-n-S-¶-n-«-v H-¶-v t]-m-b-n I-m-W-p-I t]-m-e-p-w sN-b-v-X-n-Ã-tÃ-m' F-¶-v. A-§-s\ B-c-p-w H-¶-p-w I-c-p-X-m-X-n-c-n-¡-m³ th-ï-n t]-m-I-p-¶ BÄ-¡-m-c-p-ï-v. C-¯-c-w I¬-tk¬ t\-m-¡-n t]-m-I-p-¶-X-v F-{X-t¯-m-f-w i-c-n-b-m-W-v, A-§-s\ k-µÀ-i-n-¡-p-¶-X-nÂ tc-m-K-n-¡-v F-s´-¦-n-e-p-w _-p-²-n-a-p-«-v D-ï-m-I-p-ta-m F-s¶-m-s¡ B-te-m-N-n-t¡-ï H-c-p a-\-x-Ø-n-X-n k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-v X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-p-w D-ï-m-h-W-w. A-§-s\ k-µÀ-i-n-¡-m-sX X-s¶ H-c-p t^-m¬ tI-m-f-n-e-q-sS-tb-m sa-tk-P-n-e-q-sS-tb-m \-a-p-¡-v A-h-c-p-sS I-q-sS \-nÂ-¡-m-w. A-sX-sâ A-S-p-¯ N-n-e k-p-l-r-¯-p-¡Ä-¡-v A-d-n-b-m-w. A-hÀ F-s¶ H-c-n-¡-e-p-w I-m-W-m³ h-¶-n-«-n-Ã. ]-t£ C-¸-d-ª-t]-m-se ]-e _-Ô-p-¡-f-p-w A-h-n-sS-b-p-w C-h-n-sS-b-p-a-p-Å \-m-«-p-I-m-c-p-w s]-s«-¶-v I-m-W-m³-th-ï-n I-b-d-n-h-c-p-w. A-X-v \-½-p-sS k-z-m-Ø-y-w l-\-n-¡-p-¶ I-m-c-y-a-m-W-v. B-tc-m-K-y-s¯ _-m-[-n-¡-p-¶ k-w-`-h-a-m-W-v. A-W-p-_-m-[ D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v sI-m-ï-v F-sâ I-m-c-y-¯-nÂ {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-p-w. A-§-s\-b-p-Å s]-c-p-a-m-ä-¯-nÂ k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ ̀ -m-K-¯-p-\-n-¶-v a-m-ä-w h-tc-ï-X-p-ï-v.

A-X-p-t]-m-se X-s¶-b-m-W-v tc-m-K-n-¡-v k-a-q-l-t¯-m-S-p -Å-X-p-w. F-s¶-t¸-m-se-b-p-Å tc-m-K-n -I-f-m-sW-¦-nÂ a-n -¡-t]-c-p -w H-ä-¡-n-c-n -¡-m³ B-{K-l-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. tc-m-K-m-h-Ø-b-nÂ k-a-q-l-t¯-m-S-v C-S-]-g-I-m³ H-«-p-w k-m-[-n-¡-n-Ã. A-{X-¡-p-w U-n-{]-k-v-U-v tÌ-P-n-e-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w A-h-c-p-sS a-\-k-v. A-X-nÂ a-m-ä-w h-c-p-¯-W-sa-¶-v \-a-p-¡-v ]-d-b-m³ ]-ä-n-Ã. tc-m-K-n-I-f-p-sS A-h-Ø k-m-[-m-c-



W-b-nÂ A-§-s\-b-m-W-v. ]-t£ X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-n-«-p-w k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-nÂ a-m-ä-w h-c-p-¯-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v. _-m-¡-n-b-p-Å c-o-X-n-b-n-se-m-s¡ I-q-sS \-nÂ-¡-p-I-b-p-w k-t¸-mÀ-«-v sN-¿-p-I-b-p-w k-m-¼-¯-n-I-a-m-b-n-«-p-w a-ä-p-sa-m-s¡ k-l-m-b-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-m-w. A-sX-m-s¡ sN-¿-p-t¼-m-g-p-w k-µÀ-i-\-w t]-m-e-p-Å I-m-c-y-§Ä h-f-sc {i-²-tb-m-sS th-W-w. sI-m-td-m-W I-m-e-¯-v C-u I-m-c-y-¯-nÂ G-sd-¡-p-sd a-m-ä-w k-w-`-h-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v F-¶-v F-\-n-¡-v tX-m-¶-p-¶-p.

ss[-c-y-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-wB-tc-m-K-y-w \-i-n -¨- v I-n -S-¡-p -¶ k-a-b-¯-v

\-½-f-X-n-s\ F-§-s\, F-{X-t¯-m-f-w, G-X-v c-o-X-n-b-n-se-Ã-m-w a-d-n-I-S-¡-m³ ]-ä-p-w F-s¶-m-s¡ B-te-m-N-n-t¡-ï-X-p-ï-v. C-u A-\-m-tc-m-K-y-w F-¶ A-h-Ø BÀ-¡-p-w G-X-v k-a-b-¯-p-w h-c-m-h-p-¶ H-¶-m-W-v. a-ä-p-Å-hÀ-¡-v a-m-{X-ta C-X-p-h-c-q F-¶-v H-c-n-¡-e-p-w N-n-´-n-¡-c-p-X-v. A-§-s\-sb-m-c-h-Ø h-¶-mÂ X-oÀ-¨-b-m-bp-w ss[-c-y-a-m-b-n-«-n-c-n-¡-p-I. B k-a-b-¯-v



F-h-n-sS-s¶-m-s¡-tb-m H-c-p ss[-c-y-w h-c-p-sa-¶-m-W-v F-sâ A-\-p-`-h-w. F-\-n-¡-v H-c-p-]-m-S-v _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-I-f-p-ï-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v. F-¶-m-e-p-w ̀ -b-ta-m a-tä-m tX-m-¶-n-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. A-§-s\ ̀ -b-s¸-tS-ï B-h-i-y-a-n-Ã F-¶-v R-m-\-§-v h-n-i-z-k-n-¨-p. R-m³ ]-n-S-n-¨-v \-nÂ-¡-p-w F-¶ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-sa-S-p-¯-p. c-q-]-¯-n-sâ I-m-c-y-¯-n-e-p-w F-g-p-t¶Â-¡-m³ ]-ä-m-¯-X-n-e-p-w k-z-´-w I-m-c-y-§Ä sN-¿-m³ ]-ä-m-¯-X-n-e-p-sa-Ã-m-w \-½-p-sS B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-w t]-m-I-p-w. A-t¸-m-g-p-w C-u tc-m-K-s¯ tX-mÂ-¸-n-¨-v \-½Ä ]-p-d-¯-p-I-S-¡-p-w F-¶ B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-w D-ï-m-I-p-t¼-mÄ \-½-p-sS ]-I-p-X-n {]-i-v--\-§-f-p-w X-o-c-p-w.

B k-a-b-¯-v k-n-\-n-a I-m-WÂ, ]-m-«-v tIÄ-¡Â X-p-S-§-n-b B-k-z-m-Z-\-§Ä-s¡-m-¶-p-w \-½-p-sS a-\-k-v h-g-§-n-Ã. F-¶-m-e-p-w A-`-n-c-p-N-n-b-p-Å I-m-c-y-§Ä sN-¿-p-I-b-m-sW-¦-nÂ \-Ã-X-m-W-v. R-m³ F-s´-¦-n-e-p-sa-m-s¡ I-p-¯-n-¡-p-d-n-¡-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-m-«-v tIÄ-¡-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-§-s\ X-e-s]-m-´-p-¶ k-a-b-¯-v R-m-\-m tc-m-K-s¯ a-d-n-I-S-¡-m³ {i-a-n-¨-p. A-\-m-tc-m-K-y k-a-b-¯-v I-n-S-¡-p-t¼-mÄ F-Ã-m-hÀ-¡-p-w C-X-p-t]-m-se _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-I-f-p-ï-m-I-p-w. F-¦-n-e-p-w B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-t¯-m-sS R-m-\-n-X-n-t\-m-S-v s]-m-c-p-X-n C-X-nÂ-\-n-¶-v ]-p-d-¯-v I-S-¡-p-sa-¶-v D-d-¸-n-¡-W-w. B k-a-b-¯-v \-½-p-sS a-\-k-n-s\ A-[-n-I-w s\-K-ä-o-h-v N-n-´-I-f-n-te-¡-v t]-m-I-m³ A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-c-p-X-v. B-te-m-N-n-¨-m-te-m-N-n-¨-v X-e-]-p-®-m-¡-m-sX a-\-k-n-s\ U-n-k-v-{S-m-Î-v sN-b-v-X-v \-¶-m-b-n-«-v ̀ -£-W-w I-g-n-¨-v i-o-e-n-¡-W-w. k-m-¼-¯-n-I-a-m-b-n ]-n-¶-m-¡-w \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-hÀ-¡-v C-sX-m-s¡ ]-ä-n-b-n-sÃ-¶-p h-c-m-w.



F-¶-m-e-p-w I-g-n-b-p-¶-{X sN-¿-m³ {i-a-n-¡-W-w. k-m-¼-¯-n-I-a-m-b-n F-{X ta-m-i-a-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w \-Ã \-n-e-b-n-e-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w H-c-p a-\-p-j-y-\-v k-z-´-w P-o-h-n-X-w h-n-e-s¸-«-X-v X-s¶-b-m-W-v. ]-W-a-p-sï-¦-n-e-p-w C-sÃ-¦-n-e-p-w k-z-´-w I-m-e-nÂ F-g-p-t¶-ä-v \-nÂ-¡-p-I-sb-¶-X-p-w tc-m-K-s¯ tX-mÂ-]-n-¡-p-I-sb-¶-X-p-w F-Ã-m-hÀ-¡-p-w H-c-p-t]-m-se {]-[-m-\-a-m-W-v. A-X-v \-a-p-¡-v k-m-[-y-a-m-b I-g-n-h-p-sI-m-ï-v s]-m-c-p-X-n tX-mÂ-]-n-¡-p-I. B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-w h-n-S-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-I. A-§-s\-sb-m-s¡ sN-b-v-X-mÂ tc-m-K-t¯-m-sS-m-¸-a-p-Å b-m-{X F-f-p-¸-a-m-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-w.

I-m³-kÀ tc-m-K-w G-sX-m-c-p tc-m-K-s¯-¡-m-f-p -w B-f-p-IÄ-¡-v

`-b-a-p-Å tc-m-K-a-m-W-v I-m³-kÀ. a-ä-p tc-m-K-§-sf-¡-m-Ä a-c-W-\-n-c-¡-v I-p-d-h-m-b-n-c-n-¡-m-w. F-¶-m-e-p-w F-t¸-m-g-p-w deadliest F-¶-v ]-d-b-m-h-p-¶ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ BÄ-¡-mÀ I-W-¡-m-¡-p-¶ tc-m-K-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v I-m³-kÀ. C-t¸-mÄ I-p-sd-sb-m-s¡ a-m-d-n-h-c-p-¶-p-ï-v. I-m³-kÀ h-¶-h-sc-m-s¡ A-X-n-s\-¸-ä-n X-p-d-¶-p-]-d-b-m³ a-p-t¶-m-«-p-h-c-p-¶-p-ï-v. I-g-n-ª F-«-p-]-¯-p hÀ-j-¯-n-\-n-S-¡-m-W-v C-u H-c-p a-m-ä-a-p-ï-m-b-sX-¶-v I-c-p-X-p-¶-p. h-n-Z-y-m-k-¼-¶-c-m-b BÄ-¡-mÀ-¡-p t]-m-e-p-w I-m³-kÀ F-¶-v tIÄ-¡-p-t¼-mÄ ̀ -b-a-m-W-v. I-m³-kÀ F-´-m-sW-¶-p-w F-§-s\-b-m-W-X-n-s\ ]-n-S-n-¨-S-t¡-ï-sX-s¶-m-s¡ a-\-k-n-e-m-b-X-v F-\-n-¡-v I-m³-kÀ h-¶-t¸-m-g-m-W-v. ]-t£ A-X-n-\-p-a-p-¼-p-w R-m³ I-m³-k-sd-¶-v tI-«-n-c-p-¶-p. A-t¸-m-sg-m-s¡



a-\-k-nÂ ̀ -b-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. I-m³-kÀ=a-c-W-w F-¶ N-n-´-b-m-W-v B-f-p-I-f-p-sS a-\-k-n-te-¡-v C-§-s\ H-c-p ̀ -b-w D-ï-m-¡-n-b-X-v. I-m³-kÀ F-¶ A-h-Ø-b-n-e-q-sS I-S-¶-p-t]-m-b-hÀ-¡-v a-m-{X-ta B N-n-´-m-K-X-n-b-nÂ-\-n-¶-v ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w a-m-d-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-q. C-¶-v G-I-tZ-i-w F-Ã-m-hÀ-¡-p-w a-\-k-n-e-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v, C-sX-m-c-p k-m-[-m-c-W tc-m-K-w-t]-m-se D-Å-q-sh-¶-v. \-n-Ý-n-X k-v--tä-P-v I-S-¶-p I-g-n-ª-mÂ A-X-n-s\ ]-n-S-n-¨-v sI-«-m³ _-p-²-n-a-p-«-m-W-v. F-¦-nÂ-t]-m-e-p-w X-p-S-¡-¯-nÂ I-ï-p-]-n-S-n-¨-mÂ a-tä-X-p tc-m-K-s¯-t¸-m-se-b-p-w a-m-ä-m-h-p-¶ tc-m-K-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v I-m³-kÀ.

F-\-n-¡-v I-m³-k-d-m-W-v a-ä-p-Å tc-m-K-§-f-p-ï-v F-¶-v ]-d-b-p-¶ BÀ-P-

h-t¯-m-sS F-\-n-¡-v I-m³-k-d-p-sï-¶-v ]-d-b-m³ ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w B-f-p-IÄ-¡-v a-S-n-b-m-W-v. H-c-p D-Z-m-l-c-W-w ]-d-b-m-w. F-\-n-¡-v I-m³-k-d-m-sW-¶-v I-sï-¯-n-b k-a-b-¯-p-X-s¶ t^-k-v -_-p-I-v A-¡-u-ï-nÂ A-X-p-sh-f-n-s¸-S-p-¯-n H-c-p t]-m-Ì-n-«-p. F-sâ A-S-p-¯ k-p-l-r-¯-p-¡Ä, h-n-Z-y-m-k-¼-¶-c-m-b-hÀ t]-m-e-p-w F-´-n-\-m ]-»-n-¡-m-b-n-«-v C-sX-m-s¡ ]-d-b-p-¶-sX-¶-v tN-m-Z-n-¨-p. ]-n-¶-o-sS-s¶ A-Z-v-`-p-X-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b a-sä-m-c-p I-m-c-y-w, C-u tc-m-K-a-p-Å H-c-p-]-m-S-p-t]À ss{]-h-ä-v B-b-n-«-v F-\-n-¡-v sa-tk-P-v A-b-¨-p. C-X-v ]-p-d-¯-v ]-d-b-m³ R-§Ä-s¡-m-s¡ a-S-n-b-m-W-v. ]-t£ k-n-X-m-c ]-d-ª-p. B ss[-c-y-s¯ R-§Ä {]-i-w-k-n-¡-p-¶-p. C-h-n-sS ss[-c-y-w F-¶ h-m-¡-v F-´-n-\-m-sW-¶-v t]-m-e-p-w F-\-n-¡-v a-\-k-n-e-m-b-n-Ã. A-X-nÂ F-´-m-W-n-{X ss[-c-y-¯-n-sâ B-h-i-y-w.



]-t£ A-§-s\-b-Ã N-n-e-b-mÄ-¡-m-c-p-sS-sb-¦-n-e-p-w h-n-N-m-c-w F-¶-v F-\-n-¡-v ]-n-¶-o-S-v a-\-k-n-e-m-b-n. I-m³-kÀ D-sï-¶-p-t]-m-e-p-w ]-d-b-m³ a-S-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-p-]-m-S-v t]À \-½-p-sS k-a-q-l-¯-n-e-p-ï-v. H-c-p-]-t£ B-h-i-y-¯-nÂ I-q-S-p-XÂ A-\-p-I-¼ \-a-p-¡-v k-l-n-¡-m³ ]-ä-n-Ã. a-c-n-¨-p t]-m-I-p-ta-m F-s¶-m-s¡-b-p-Å ̀ -b-w D-ï-m-b-n-c-n-¡-m-w.

I-o-ta-m-b-p-sS k-a-b-¯-v F-sâ a-p-S-n t]-m-b-n. I-m³-kÀ skâ-d-nÂ t]-m-I-p-¶ k-a-b-¯-v F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w h-n-K-v sh-¡-p-w, A-sÃ-¦-nÂ X-e a-q-S-n-s¡-«-p-w. tk-m-j-yÂ a-o-U-n-b-b-n-se-m-s¡ R-m³ X-e sa-m-«-b-m-b-n I-m³-kÀ skâ-d-nÂ t]-m-I-p-¶ t^-m-t«-m t]-m-Ì-n-b-t¸-mÄ F-´-n-\-m C-§-s\ C-S-p-¶-sX-¶-v ]-e-c-p-w tN-m-Z-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. A-t¸-mÄ R-m³ ]-d-b-m-d-p-Å-X-v, F-sâ H-c-h-Ø-b-m-W-n-X-v, A-sÃ-¦-nÂ C-X-p-w R-m-\-m-sW-¶-m-W-v. A-X-n-se-\-n-s¡-m-c-p I-p-d-h-n-Ã. X-p-SÀ-¶-v R-m³ t^-m-tf-m sN-¿-p-¶ F-sâ k-p-l-r-Z-v- -h-e-b-¯-n-e-p-Å H-c-p-]-m-S-v t]À X-p-d-¶-v-]-d-ª-v a-p-t¶-m-«-p-h-¶-v X-§-f-p-sS A-\-p-`-h-§Ä ]-¦-p-sh-¡-p-¶-X-v R-m³ I-m-W-m-\-n-S-b-m-b-n. X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-p-w h-f-sc \-sÃ-m-c-p a-m-ä-w X-s¶-b-m-W-X-v. C-§-s\-



b-p-Å A-h-t_-m-[-w I-g-n-ª I-p-d-¨-p hÀ-j-§Ä-¡-n-S-b-nÂ P-\-§-f-n-e-p-ï-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v F-¶-d-n-b-p-¶-X-nÂ A-X-n-b-m-b k-t´-m-j-h-p-a-p-ï-v.

a-c-n-¨-p t]-m-I-p-ta-m N-n-I-n-Õ-b-p-sS k-a-b-¯-v F-{X ss[-c-y-i-m-e-n-

b-m-b-m-e-p-w \-½Ä X-fÀ-¶-p-t]-m-I-p-¶ N-n-e \-n-a-n-j-§-f-p-ï-v. ss[-c-y-w F-s¶-m-s¡ ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v i-c-n-¡-p-w \-a-p-¡-v ss[-c-y-a-p-ï-m-b-n-«-Ã, A-§-s\-b-p-Å A-h-Ø-b-nÂ \-a-p-¡-v th-sd \-n-h-r-¯-n-b-n-Ã. ss[-c-y-a-n-sÃ-¦-n-e-p-w F-h-n-sS-s¶-¦-n-e-p-w \-a-p-¡-v ss[-c-y-w H-g-p-I-n h-c-p-w. H-g-p-I-n-h-t¶ ]-ä-q. F-¦-nÂ-t]-m-e-p-w i-m-c-o-c-n-I-a-m-b H-c-p-]-m-S-v _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-IÄ h-c-p-t¼-mÄ X-fÀ-¶-p-t]-m-I-p-w. a-m-\-k-n-I-a-m-b _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-IÄ ]-n-S-n-¨-v \-nÀ-¯-m³ I-g-n-tª-¡-m-w. F-sâ A-\-p-`-h-w A-X-m-W-v. I-o-ta-m-b-p-sS ]-mÀ-i-z-^-e-a-m-b-p-Å th-Z-\-I-f-p-w a-ä-p-w A-k-l-\-o-b-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. a-p-S-n-sI-m-g-n-¨-n-se-m-¶-p-w k-m-c-a-n-Ã-m-¯-h-b-m-W-v. A-sX-m-s¡ \-½-p-sS ̀ -w-K-n-sb _-m-[-n-¡-p-sa-¦-n-e-p-w th-sd-m-c-p th-Z-\-b-p-w A-X-p-sI-m-ï-n-Ã. ]-t£ I-o-ta-m-b-p-sS ^-e-a-m-b-n ̀ -b-¦-c U-n-{]-j³, \-nÀ-¯-m-¯ OÀ-Z-n, ]-p-®-v--h-¶-v th-Z-\-n-¡Â, ssI-b-n-se-b-p-w I-m-e-n-se-b-p-w \-J-§Ä ]-g-p-¡Â, Z-p-k-l-a-m-b th-Z-\-IÄ.. H-m-tc-m I-m³-k-d-n-\-p-w h-y-X-y-k-v-X c-o-X-n-b-n-e-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w th-Z-\-IÄ. h-n-i-¸-n-Ã-m-b-v-a, D-d-¡-n-Ã-m-b-v-a X-p-S-§-n-b ̀ -b-¦-c-a-m-b i-m-c-o-c-n-I _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-IÄ R-m-\-p-w k-l-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-n-«-p-w A-§-s\-b-p-Å ]-e k-µÀ-`-§-f-n-e-p-w R-m³ X-IÀ-¶-p-t]-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v. A-X-v \-½-p-sS a-\-k-n-s\-b-p-w B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-s¯-



b-p-w _-m-[-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. ]-t£ a-c-n-¨-p-t]-m-I-p-sa-s¶-m-¶-p-w R-m³ h-n-N-m-c-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã. N-m³-k-p-ï-m-b-n-c-n-¡-m-w, F-¶-m-e-p-w B k-a-b-¯-v R-m³ N-n-´-n-¨-X-v F-\-n-¡-v I-p-ª-n-\-v th-ï-n-sb-¦-n-e-p-w X-n-c-n-¨-v h-c-W-w F-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. H-c-n-¡-e-p-w s\-K-ä-o-h-m-b-n R-m³ N-n-´-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã. R-m-\-§-s\-b-m-sW-¶-v sh-¨-v F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w A-§-s\ B-b-n-s¡-m-Å-W-sa-¶-n-Ã.

I-m³-kÀ skâ-d-n-te-¡-p-Å b-m-{X-b-nÂ R-m-s\-m-c-p \-Ã ̀ -m-K-y-h-X-n-b-m-sW-¶-v F-\-n-¡-v ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w tX-m-¶-m-d-p-ï-v. F-s¶-¡-mÄ F-{X-tb-m I-q-S-p-XÂ ]-¯-p ]-{´-ï-n-c-«-n-tb-m-f-w _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-IÄ A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶, Z-p-c-n-X-§-f-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶ \-n-c-h-[-n t]-sc A-h-n-sS I-m-W-m-d-p-ï-v. A-t¸-m-g-m-W-v R-m-s\-{X ̀ -m-K-y-h-X-n-b-m-sW-¶-v F-\-n-¡-v a-\-k-n-e-m-b-X-v. R-m³ k-l-n-¡-p-¶-sX-m-¶-p-w A-h-c-p-sS th-Z-\-IÄ sh-¨-v t\-m-¡-p-t¼-mÄ H-¶-p-a-sÃ-¶-v tX-m-¶-p-w. A-t§-b-ä-s¯ _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-IÄ h-c-p-t¼-mÄ N-n-e a-\-p-j-yÀ-¡-v, C-X-n-s\-¡-mÄ \-Ã-X-v P-o-h-s\-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v F-s¶-m-s¡ tX-m-¶-n-t¸-m-tb-¡-m-w. F-¦-n-e-p-w P-o-h-n-¡-m³ sI-m-X-n-b-n-Ã-m-¯ a-\-p-j-y-c-p-ï-m-h-n-Ã-tÃ-m. B H-c-p ss[-c-y-w F-h-n-sS-s¶-¦-n-e-p-w A-hÀ I-sï-¯-p-w. ssZ-h-w A-hÀ-¡-X-v sI-m-S-p-¡-p-w. h-n-[-n F-¶ H-¶-p-ï-v. A-X-n-s\ X-S-p-¡-m³ BÀ-¡-p-a-m-I-n-Ã. F-¦-n-e-p-w I-g-n-b-p-¶-{X c-o-X-n-b-nÂ A-X-n-s\ t\-c-n-S-m³ F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-t¯-m-sS {i-a-n-¡-p-w F-¶-m-W-v R-m³ I-c-p-X-p-¶-X-v $


http://pravasirisala.com/archives/1366


H-cp tcm-K-s¯ sNm-Ãn A-t\-Iw]-co-£-W-§-fnÂ s]m-Ån-¡-gn-tb@n-h-cp-¶

am-\-kn-Im-h-Ø-sb-¡p-dn-¨v

_nemÂ apl½Zv

tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-s« B h-e-n-b- -B-i-p-]-{X-n-b-p-sS {]-[-m-\ {]-th-i-\ I-h-m-

S-¯-n-\-p a-p-¶-nÂ ]-p-eÀ-s¨ \-m-e-p-a-W-n-¡-v I-y-q \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-n-S-b-n-e-m-W-v ]-pd-I-nÂ-\-n-s¶-m-c-mÄ F-s¶ tX-m-ï-p-¶-X-v. "ta-m-s\-´-m-W-v A-k-p-J-w, I-ï-n-«-v H-¶-p-w tX-m-¶-p-¶-n-Ã-tÃ-m'þ-H-c-p-¯-c- -a-e-_-mÀ a-e-b-m-f ssi-e-n-b-nÂ A-b-m-sf-t¶-m-S-v tN-m-Z-n-¨-p. "H-c-p ^-p-U-v A-eÀ-P-n-ï-m-b-X-m-W-v. N-n-e `-£-W-§Ä- -I-g-n-¨-mÂ sX-m-e-n-b-nÂ sN-m-d-n-¨-nÂ

പടര്ോൻ പ�ിഗണി് കോലം



h-c-p-w' þ R-m-\-b-m-tf-m-S-v ]-d-ª-p. h-n-f-n-¨-v _-p-¡-v sN-b-v--X-mÂ H-t¶-m c-tï-m a-m-k-w I-g-n-ª-v A-t¸-m-b-n-s·â-v e-`-n-¡-p-¶ \-K-c-¯-n-se X-s¶ \-n-]-p-W-\-m-b NÀ-a-tc-m-K h-n-Z-K-v-[-s\- -I-m-W-p-h-m³ F-¶-p-w c-m-h-n-se- B-d-p-a-W-n-¡-v ]-t¯-m ]-X-n-\-t©-m H-m.]-n S-n-¡-ä-p-IÄ B tl-m-k-v-]-n-ä-e-nÂ h-n-X-c-W-w sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-p. B-d-p-a-W-n-¡-v I-n-«-p-¶- -B S-n-¡-ä-v- -H-¸-n-¡-m-\-m-W-v ]-p-eÀ-s¨-X-s¶ B-f-p-I-f-n-§-s\ h-c-n-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v.

I-p-d-¨-[-n-I-w k-a-b-w B h-c-n-b-n-e-n-§-s\ tNÀ-¶-v \-n-e- v -I-m-\-p-Å-X-v - -sI-m-ï-m-h-W-w A-b-mÄ ]-n-s¶-b-p-w F-t¶-m-tS-m-tc-m-¶-v k-w-k-m-c-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-p-¶-p. R-§Ä a-m-{X-a-Ã, B h-c-n-b-n-e-p-Å a-n-¡ t]-c-p-a-t¸-mÄ- -]-c-k-v-]-c-w tc-m-K-h-n-h-c-§Ä X-s¶-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p k-w-k-m-c-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. ]-e \-m-S-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v h-¶-v ]-e-h-n-[ B-[-n-IÄ ]-¦-p-sh-¡-p-¶- -H-c-p sN-d-n-b C-S-a-m-b-n-¡-g-n-ª-n-c-p-¶-p B h-c-m-´-b-t¸-mÄ.

I-ï-mÂ ]-¯-¼-X-v - -h-b-k-v tX-m-¶-n-¡-p-¶ A-b-m-f-p-sS {]-i-v-\-w s]-s«-s¶-m-c-p Z-n-h-k-w ]-SÀ-¶-p-X-p-S-§-n-b sh-Å-¸-m-ï-p-w, A-X-n-s\-¡-mÄ h-e-n-b {]-i-v -\-w A-X-p-a-q-e-a-p-ï-m-b- -a-m-\-k-n-I k-w-LÀ-j-h-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. "C-u B-tc-m-K-y-w F-¶ k-w-`-h-w ï-tÃ-m, A-X-p-ï-m-h-p-t¼-m \-½Ä-¡-X-n-sâ sh-e- -A-d-n-b-n-Ã. t´-e-p-w H-s¡ h-¶-v A-X-v £-b-n-¨-p- -X-p-S-§-p-¼-tg \-½Ä-¡-X-v t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-q. A-s¸-m a-\-Ê-n-e-m-h-p-w B-tc-m-K-y-m-W-v- -G-tä-m-w h-e-y k-¼-m-Z-y-w F-¶-v. A-X-n-tÃÂ \-n-§Ä-¡-v th-sd F-´-p-ï-m-b-n-«-p-w I-m-c-y-Ã. F-sâ A-\-p-`-h-a-m-W-v R-m-\-o ]-d-b-p-s¶. -A-tX-m-ï-v F-Ã-m \-n-e-



¡-p-w- -\-Ã B-tc-m-K-y-w th-W-sa-¶-v F-¸-g-p-w- -ssZ-h-t¯-m-S-v ]-d-ª-f-m' þ G-sd t\-c-w A-X-p-a-n-X-p-w ]-d-ª-n-c-p-¶-X-n-sâ A-h-k-m-\-sa-t¶-m-W-w sX-Ã-p ]-X-d-n-b- -k-z-c-¯-nÂ A-b-mÄ N-p-ä-p-a-p-Å R-§Ä c-ï-p-a-q -¶-p t]-c-p-sS t\-sc t\-m-¡-n ]-X-n-sb ]-d-ª-p \-nÀ-¯-n.

F-sâ a-p-¶-nÂ \-n-¶-n-c-p-¶-X-v H-c-p \-n-e-¼-q-c-p-I-m-c-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-¯-n-c-p-]-¯-n-b-©-v h-b-k-v tX-m-¶-n-¡-p-¶ A-h-\-p-w F-t´-m NÀ-a-tc-m-K-a-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. X-sâ tc-m-K-w ]-I-c-n-sÃ-¶-p-w A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v tP-m-e-n-IÄ sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-v {]-i-v--\-a-n-sÃ-¶-p-w tU-m-Î-sd I-ï-v k-m-£-y-]-{X-w h-m-§-m-\-m-W-h³ h-¶-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. a-p-¼-n-h-n-sS N-n-I-n-Õ-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ A-h-\-n-t¸-mÄ h-n-tZ-i-t¯-¡-v tP-m-e-n-b-m-h-i-y-mÀ-Y-w t]-m-h-m-s\-m-c-p-§-p-I-b-m-W-v. A-X-n-\-p-th-ï-n-b-m-W-v- -C-u k-m-£-y-]-{X-w ssI-b-nÂ I-c-p-X-p-¶-X-v. B h-c-n-b-nÂ F-t¶-m-S-S-p-¯-p-Å c-ï-p-t]-c-p-sS- -tc-m-K-h-n-h-c-§Ä tI-«-t¸-mÄ X-s¶ _-m-¡-n-b-p-Å-h-c-p-sS-b-p-w {]-i-v-\-§Ä G-sd-¡-p-sd k-a-m-\-a-m-h-p-sa-¶-v D-d-¸-n-¡-m-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-t¸-mÄ a-m-{X-a-m-W-v A-t¶-h-sc- -F-s¶ ]-n-S-n-I-q-S-n-b-n-«-n-Ã-m-¯ tc-m-K ̀ -o-X-n F-sâ-



b-p-Å-n-e-p-w X-e-s]-m-¡-n-¯-p-S-§-p-¶-X-v. H-c-p tc-m-K-w H-c-m-f-nÂ D-ï-m-¡-n-tb-¡-m-h-p-¶ \-m-\-m-h-n-[ B-[-n-I-sf-b-p-w \-n-c-m-i-I-sf-b-p-w A-k-z-Ø-I-sf-b-p-w I-p-d-n-¨-p-Å B-te-m-N-\-IÄ F-sâ-a-p-¶-n-e-n-§-s\ \-o-ï-p-h-¶-X-v- -B h-c-n-¡-n-S-b-nÂ-\-n-s¶-h-n-S-p-t¶-m B-W-v. -

]-c-o-£-W-§-f-p-sS I-m-e-w,]-m-¨-n-e-p-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w

_-n-c-p-Z ]T-\-¯-n-sâ A-h-k-m-\ hÀ-j-¯-n-e-m-W-v sN-d-n-sb-m-c-p N-q-S-p-I-p-c-p-t]-m-se tX-m-¶-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-S-b-m-f-w ssI-¯-ï-b-nÂ {]-X-y-£-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v. Z-n-h-k-w I-q-S-p-w-tX-m-d-p-w A-X-n-sâ h-e-p-¸-w I-q-S-n-¡-q-S-n-h-¶-p. B k-a-b-w X-s¶ X-e-b-nÂ X-m-c-sâ- -i-e-y-h-p-w- -I-q-S-n. B-Z-y-sa-m-s¡ ̀ -£-W A-eÀ-P-n-b-m-b-p-w `-£-W h-n-j-_-m-[-b-m-b-p-w I-ï C-u {]-i-v-\-w tk-m-d-n-b-m-k-n-k-n-sâ H-c-p h-I-t`-Z-a-m-sW-¶-v A-d-n-b-p-¶-X-v N-n-I-n-Õ-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v N-n-I-n-Õ-I-f-n-te-¡-p-Å b-m-{X-I-f-n-e-m-W-v. A-¯-c-sa-m-c-p b-m-{X-¡-n-S-b-n-e-m-W-v t\-c-s¯ ]-d-ª B-i-p-]-{X-n-b-p-sS a-p-¶-n-se-¯-n I-y-q \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-p-w.

-tc-m-K-w H-c-p ]-c-o-£-W-a-m-sW-¶-v ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v t]-m-se X-s¶ N-n-I-n-Õ-b-p-w F-s¶ k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v ]-c-o-£-W-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. H-c-p N-n-I-n-Õ-b-nÂ-\-n-¶-v A-S-p-¯ N-n-I-n-Õ-b-n-te-¡-p-Å \-n-c-m-i-b-p-w {]-X-y-m-i-b-p-w I-eÀ-¶ Z-n-\-§-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-k-p-J-s¯-¡-mÄ h-e-n-b a-\-x-t¢-i-a-p-ï-m-¡-n-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v.

sN-d-n-sb-m-c-p k-q-N-n-I-p-¯-n-b ]-m-S-p-t]-m-se- -X-p-



S-§-n-b tc-m-K-e-£-W-w- -\-m-e-p hÀ-j-w I-g-n-ª-t¸-m-tg-¡-p-w- -]-X-n -sb ]-X-n-sb i-c-o-c-¯-n-sâ ]-e-b-n-S-§-f-n-te-¡-p-w ]-IÀ-¶-n-c-p-¶-p. H-m-tc-m N-n-I-n-Õ I-g-n-b-p-t¼-m-g-p-w B A-h-Ø I-q-S-n-tb-m I-p-d-tª-m- -C-c-p-¶-p. i-c-o-c-¯-n-e-p-ï-m-h-p-¶ H-m-tc-m sN-d-n-b a-m-ä-h-p-w D-Å-nÂ k-t´-m-j-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w Z-p-x-J-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w- -h-n-¯-p-IÄ ]-m-I-n. ]-X-n-sb ]-X-n-sb B h-n-¯-p-IÄ D-Å-nÂ \-n-¶-v a-p-J-t¯-¡-p-w i-c-o-c-¯-n-te-¡-p-w h-y-m-]-n-¨-p. tc-m-K-e-£-W-§Ä X-o-{h-a-m-b k-a-b-§-f-nÂ a-p-J-w C-c-p-ï-p. I-®-p-IÄ D-tÅ-m-«-v h-e-n-ª-p, i-c-o-c-w sa-e-n-ª-p, a-\-k-n-\-v k-z-Ø-a-m-b C-S-§Ä I-n-«-m-sX h-f-ª-p.

a-ä-p-Å A-k-p-J-§-sf A-t]-£-n-¨-v- NÀ-a-tc-m-K-w _-m-[-n-¨ H-c-mÄ-¡-v ]-X-n-h-n-e-p-w h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-b t¢-i-§Ä D-sï-¶-X-v- -b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-a-m-W-v. NÀ-a-tc-m-K-w a-n-¡-t¸-m-g-p-w B-f-p-IÄ I-m¬-sI {]-I-S-a-m-I-p-w. ]-p-d-¯-n-d-§-n k-P-o-h-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶, B-f-p-IÄ-¡-n-S-b-nÂ C-S-s]-S-p-¶ H-c-mÄ-¡-m-W-v tNÀ-a-tc-m-K-w _-m-[-n-¨-sX-¦-nÂ A-b-mÄ t]-m-I-p-¶ C-S-s¯-Ã-m-w \-n-c-´-c-w tN-m-Z-y-§Ä tIÄ-t¡-ï-n h-c-p-w. I-m-W-p-¶-h-c-p-sS-sb-Ã-m-w \-nÀ-tZ-i-§Ä-¡-v sN-h-n-sI-m-S-p-t¡-ï-n- -h-c-p-w. F-´-m-W-n-X-v, F-§-s\ h-¶-p, ]-I-c-p-ta-m, a-c-p-¶-n-tÃ, B a-c-p-¶-v a-m-ä-n-¡-q-sS, A-h-n-sS-sb-m-c-p tU-m-Î-d-p-ï-v A-b-m-sf I-m-W-n-¨-q-sS, \-o-b-n-¸-g-p-w R-m³ ]-d-ª tU-m-Î-sd I-m-W-n-¨-n-tÃ... A-§-s\ A-§-s\ H-c-p-]-m-S-v tN-m-Z-y-§-f-p-w \-nÀ-tZ-i-§-f-p-w \-n-c-´-c-w tIÄ-t¡-ï-n h-c-p-w. tc-m-K-s¯-¡-mÄ h-e-n-b X-e-th-Z-\-b-m-h-p-w C-u tN-m-Z-y-\-nÀ-tZ-i-§Ä.


August 2020 25{]hmkn


sX-m-e-n-¸-p-d-sa {]-I-S-a-m-b A-k-p-J-a-m-b-X-n-\-mÂ X-s¶ tc-m-K-n-b-p-sS {i-² a-n-¡-t¸-m-g-p-w tc-m-K-¯-nÂ X-s¶-b-m-h-p-w. A-X-h-sc I-q-S-p-XÂ A-k-z-Ø-a-m-¡-p-w. I-m-e-n-te-m ssI-b-n-te-m sN-d-n-sb-m-c-p a-p-Å-p-I-p-¯-n-b ]-m-S-p-ï-m-b-mÂ X-s¶ A-X-v D-W-§-n k-p-J-a-m-h-p-¶-X-v h-sc \-½-f-X-n-sâ taÂ a-m-´-n-b-p-w- -sN-m-d-n-ª-p-w s]-m-ä- -]-d-n-¨-p-w- -h-y-m-]-r-X-c-m-h-m-d-n-tÃ, A-X-p-t]-m-se \-½-f-p-sS {i-² tc-m-K-¯-nÂ X-s¶ D-d-¨-p \-nÂ-¡-p-sa-¶- -H-c-p {]-i-v-\-a-p-ï-v NÀ-a-tc-m-K-§Ä-¡-v. A-X-nÂ-\-n-¶-v a-p-à-a-m-h-m³ a-\-k-v k-P-o-h-a-m-h-p-¶ h-Ã I-m-c-y-§-f-n-e-p-w k-Z-m a-p-g-p-tI-ï-n h-c-p-w.

tc-m-K \-n-b-{´-W-¯-n-\-v ̀ -£-W \-n-b-{´-W-w A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-W-v F-¶-X-m-W-v a-n-¡ NÀ-a- -tc-m-K-n -I-f-p-w t\-c-n -S-p -¶ a-sä-m-c-p {]-i-v -\-w. A-t¶-h-sc- -{]-n-b-s¸-« c-p-N-n-IÄ, h-n-`-h-§Ä F-Ã-m-w ]-n-¶-o-S-t§-m-«-v A-\-y-a-m-h-p-sa-¶-X-m-W-v k-X-y-w. A-e-v-]-I-m-e-t¯-¡-v- -F-¶-v I-c-p-X-n X-p-S-§-p-¶ ̀ -£-W \-n-b-{´-W-w tk-m-d-n-b-m-k-n-k-v t]-m-e-p-Å A-k-p-



J-§-f-nÂ Z-oÀ-L \-m-f-t¯-¡-v \-o-f-p-¶-p F-¶-X-m-W-v {]-b-m-k-I-c-w.

a-n-¡ NÀ-a-tc-m-K-§Ä-¡-p-w tc-m-K-n-b-p-sS a-m-\-k-n-I \-n-e-b-p-a-m-b-n h-e-n-b _-Ô-a-p-sï-¶-X-v- -a-sä-m-c-p h-k-v-X-p-X-b-m-W-v. a-\-k-n-sâ k-z-Ø-X-¡-p-w A-k-z-Ø-X-¡-p-w A-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v G-d-n-b-p-w- -I-p-d-ª-p-a-n-c-n-¡-p-w tc-m-K-e-£-W-h-p-w- -tc-m-K- -]-o-U-b-p-w. A-k-p-J-w a-q-e-a-p-Å sS³-j-\-p-w, a-ä-p-Å-hÀ I-ï-mÂ F-´-v I-c-p-X-p-w F-¶ h-n-j-a-h-p-w- -a-p-J-t¯-m- -a-tä-m ]-m-S-p-IÄ \-n-d-ª-v B-sc-b-p-w A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n-¡-m-\-m-h-m-sX h-o-S-I-§-f-nÂ I-g-n-tb-ï-X-n-sâ B-[-n-b-p-w F-Ã-m-w h-o-ï-p-w tc-m-K-hÀ-[-\-h-n-t\ k-l-m-b-n-¡-q. A-§-s\ A-k-p-J-h-p-w- -sS³-j-\-p-w N-m-{I-n-I-a-m-b-n- -tc-m-K-n-b-nÂ {]-hÀ-¯-n-¨-p sI-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-w.

N-n-I-n-Õ-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-vN-n-I-n-Õ-I-f-n-te-¡-v- -

"tc-m-K-§Ä- -a-\-p-j-y-sâ H-tc-sb-m-c-p Z-p-c-n-X-a-Ã, A-X-v Z-p-c-n-X-§-f-p-sS I-mÂ-]-m-S-p-I-f-m-W-v. A-h-sb ]-n-´-p-SÀ-¶-v \-m-sa-¯-p-I Z-p-c-n-X-§-f-p-sS a-l-m-{]-f-b-¯-n-te-¡-m-I-p-w'þ-a-p-s¼-t¶-m- -h-m-b-n-¨ H-c-p ]-p-k-v-X-I-¯-n-se C-u h-c-n-IÄ C-t¸-m-g-p-w H-mÀ-a-I-f-nÂ a-m-b-m-sX \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-n-sâ I-m-c-W-w G-I-tZ-i-w k-a-m-\-a-m-b sN-d-n-sb-m-c-p Z-p-c-n-X-{]-f-b-¯-n-\-p A-\-p-`-h-Ø-\-m-tI-ï-n-h-¶-X-n-\-m-e-m-W-v. F-s´-¦-n-e-p-w H-c-p-tc-m-K-w h-¶-v N-n-I-n-Õ-sb-S-p-¯-mÂ G-X-m-\-p-w \-m-f-p-IÄ-¡-p-Å-nÂ k-p-J-a-m-h-p-¶ k-m-[-m-c-W A-k-p-J-§-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-Ã C-u ]-d-ª-p-h-c-p-



¶-X-v. N-n-I-n-Õ-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v N-n-I-n-Õ-I-f-n-te-¡-p-w a-c-p-¶-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v a-c-p-¶-p-I-f-n-te-¡-p-w a-{´-§-f-n-te-¡-p-w G-sd-\-mÄ k-©-c-n-t¡-ï-n-h-c-p-¶ H-c-m-sf k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-n-S-t¯-m-f-w tc-m-K-sa-m-c-p Z-p-c-n-X {]-f-b-¯-n-te-¡-p-Å I-mÂ-sh-¸-p-X-s¶-b-m-h-p-w.

F-s¶ k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-n-S-t¯-m-f-w N-n-I-n-Õ-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ \-m-e-p hÀ-j-h-p-w H-c-p-]-m-S-v k-w-LÀ-j-§Ä A-\-p-`-h-n-¨ I-m-e-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. h-o-S-n-\-S-p-¯-p-Å kÀ-¡-mÀ B-i-p-]-{X-n-b-n-se- -NÀ-a-tc-m-K tU-m-Î-sd B-b-n-c-p-¶-p B-Z-y-w I-m-W-n-¨-X-v. i-a-\-w e-`-n-¡-m-sX-b-n-c-p-¶-t¸-mÄ ]-n-¶-o-S-v ]-e k-a-b-§-f-n-e-m-b-n ]-e B-X-p-c-m-e-b-§-f-p-w I-b-d-n-b-n-d-§-n. A-te-m-¸-X-n-b-p-w B-b-pÀ-th-Z-h-p-w {]-I-r-X-n-N-n-I-n-Õ-b-p-w- -]-m-c-¼-c-y-h-p-w b-p-\-m-\-n-b-p-w H-s¡-b-m-b-n ]-e ]-e tU-m-ÎÀ-a-m-sc I-ï-p. ]-e ]-e ]-c-o-£-W-§Ä i-c-o-c-¯-nÂ \-S-¯-n. A-X-n-sâ-sb-Ã-m-w- -]-mÀ-i-z-^-e-§Ä i-c-o-c-¯-nÂ ]-e-c-q-t]-W {]-I-S-a-m-b-n. A-X-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ N-n-e B-ß-o-b N-n-I-Õ-IÄ sN-b-v -X-p. H-¶-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w- -i--m-i-z-X-a-m-b- -]-c-n-l-m-c-w e-`-n-¨-n-Ã. ]-e-N-n-I-n-Õ-I-f-p-w- -h-y-m-P-ta-m- -tI-h-e h-m-K-v-Z-m-\-§-tf-m B-sW-¶-v tX-m-¶-n. N-n-I-n-Õ-I-f-n-te-¡-p-Å I-q-S-p-a-m-ä-§Ä a-m-\-k-n-I k-w-LÀ-j-a-p-ï-m-¡-n. tc-m-K-s¯-¡-m-f-p-w- -h-e-n-b _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-IÄ N-n-I-n-Õ-I-f-m-sW-¶-v tX-m-¶-n.

F-§-s\-sb-¦-n-e-p-w tc-m-K-w k-p-J-s¸-«-mÂ a-X-n-sb-¶- -A-h-Ø-b-n-e-p-Å H-c-p tc-m-K-n-sb- -h-n-i-z-m-k-¯-n-se-S-p-¯-v ]-ä-n-¡-m³ h-y-m-P N-n-I-n-Õ-IÀ-¡-v G-sd F-f-p-¸-a-m-W-v. A-§-s\ N-n-e Z-p-c-\-p-`-h-§-f-p-w C-X-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ I-g-n-ª-p-t]-m-b-n. H-m-tc-m N-n-I-n-Õ



Ignªv k-p-J-a-m-h-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-t¼-m-g-p-w F-s´-Ã-m-ta-m {]-X-o-£-IÄ a-\-k-nÂ _-m-¡-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. \-a-p-¡-v i-a-\-w e-`-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-n-S-t¯-¡-v ]-S-t¨-m³ \-s½ F-¯-n-¡-m-X-n-c-n-¡-n-sÃ-¶-p-w.

I-c-p-X-e-m-h-p-¶h-o-«-p-I-mÀ, I-q-«-p-I-mÀ..

tc-m-K-e-£-W-§Ä B-Z-y-sa-m-¶-p-w k-p-J-s¸-S-m-sX I-p-d-¨-p-\-mÄ \-o-ï-p-\-n-¶-t¸-mÄ X-s¶ h-o-«-p-I-m-c-p-sS-b-p-w I-q-«-p-I-m-c-p-sS-b-p-w k-a-o-]-\-§-f-n-e-p-w I-m-c-y-a-m-b a-m-ä-§Ä h-c-p-¶-X-m-b-n-tX-m-¶-n. ]-X-n-sb ]-X-n-sb A-h-sc-Ã-m-w I-c-p-X-te-m-sS-b-m-W-v- -F-s¶ I-m-W-p-¶-X-v F-¶-p-tX-m-¶-n. -D-½-sb-sb-m-s¡ R-m³ \-¶-m-b-n A-\-p-`-h-n-¨-X-v B \-m-f-p-I-f-n-e-m-W-v. a-c-p-¶-v H-c-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-p-w I-q-«-p-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-p-w ]-ä-n-b `-£-W-§Ä H-c-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-p-w F-Ã-m-w H-c-p I-p-d-h-p-w h-c-p-¯-m-sX D-½ I-q-sS \-n-¶-p. a-¡Ä-¡-v h-y-m-[-n-I-f-p-ï-m-h-p-t¼-mÄ F-Ã-m D-½-



a-mÀ-¡-p-w C-§-s\ B-[-n-I-f-p-ï-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w. D-¸ ]-p-X-n-b N-n-I-n-Õ-I-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-w i-a-\-§-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-w F-{X-tb-m C-S-§-f-nÂ A-t\-z-j-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-W-w. F-{X-tb-m t\À-¨-IÄ t\À-¶-n-c-n-¡-W-w. F-{X-tb-m c-m-h-p-IÄ {]-mÀ-Y-n-¨-n-c-n-¶-n-c-n-¡-W-w...

I-q-«-p-I-m-sc-b-p-w \-¶-m-b-n A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-X-v C-u k-a-b-¯-m-W-v. H-c-n-¡Â H-c-p ]-p-eÀ-s¨ F-sâ-sb-m-c-p k-p-l-r-¯-v F-s¶ h-n-f-n-¨-p. "F-S-m, k-p-J-a-tÃ, F-§-s\-b-p-ï-n-t¸-mÄ, A-sX-m-s¡ k-p-J-a-m-h-p-sa-S-m, -R-m³ {]-mÀ-Y-n-¡-m-w' F-s¶-m-s¡ ]-d-ª-p Z-oÀ-L t\-c-w k-w-k-m-c-n-¨-p. F-s¶ k-a-m-[-m-\-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶, {]-X-o-£ \Â-I-p-¶ h-m-¡-p-I-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-h-sâ k-w-k-m-c-¯-nÂ a-p-g-p-h-\-p-w. h-n-f-n-¨-p I-g-n-ª-t¸-mÄ R-m³ H-c-n-S-¯-n-c-p-¶-v - -\-¶-m-b-n I-c-ª-p. F-s´-¶-mÂ H-c-]-I-S-w ]-ä-n- -]-¯-p ]-X-n-\-©-v hÀ-j-a-m-b-n I-g-p-¯-n-\-v X-m-sg N-e-\-ti-j-n-b-n-Ã-m-sX I-n-S-¡-p-¶ H-c-m-f-m-W-v F-s¶ h-n-f-n-¨-n-§-s\ B-i-z-k-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v, {]-X-o-£ \Â-I-p-¶-X-v, {]-mÀ-Y-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-tX-mÀ-¯-t¸-mÄ D-Å-p-\-n-d-ª-v I-c-b-m-X-n-c-n-¡-m-\-m-b-n-Ã. -C-§-s\ H-c-p-]-m-S-p-t]-c-p-sS- -{]-mÀ-Y-\-I-f-p-w h-m-¡-p-I-f-p-sa-Ã-m-w A-¡-m-e-¯-v



G-sd I-p-f-n-c-p-\Â-I-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p D-Å-nÂ. a-c-p-¶-p-IÄ I-g-n-¨-n-«-p-w h-c-m-¯ D-uÀ-P-h-p-w D-Õ-m-l-h-p-w {]-k-c-n-¸-p-w e-`-n-¡-m³ C-¯-c-w k-a-o-]-\-§Ä K-p-W-w-sN-b-v-X-p.

\-n-c-m-i-b-p-sS-b-p-w{]-X-y-m-i-b-p-sS-b-p-w- -Z-n-\-§Ä-

{]-X-o-£-tb-m-sS X-p-S-§-n-b H-m-tc-m N-n-I-n-Õ-b-p-w ̂ -e-w sN-¿-p-¶-n-sÃ-¶-d-n-b-p-t¼-m-g-m-W-v \-n-c-m-i-b-p-sS I-W-§Ä D-Å-nÂ a-p-f s]-m-«-n-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v. 'C-\-n-b-p-w k-p-J-a-m-b-n-tÃ A-X-v?' F-s¶-m-s¡-b-p-Å \-m-«-p-I-m-c-p-sS-b-p-w a-ä-p-w C-S-¡-n-sS-b-p-Å tN-m-Z-y-§Ä A-I-s¯ \-n-c-m-i-sb- -H-¶-p-I-q-sS I-\-¸-n-¡-p-w. 'C-\-n-b-p-w k-p-J-a-m-b-n-tÃ' F-¶ tN-m-Z-y-w H-c-n-¡-e-p-w H-c-p tc-m-K-n-tb-m-S-v tN-m-Z-n-¡-c-p-sX-¶-X-m-W-v F-sâ-b-\-p-`-h-w. F-{X sN-d-n-b A-k-p-J-a-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w A-X-b-m-f-nÂ \-n-c-m-i P-\-n-¸-n-t¨-¡-p-w. N-n-I-n-Õ-¡-m-b-n- -h-o-«-nÂ A-S-ª-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ \-m-f-p-I-f-n-e-p-w \-n-c-m-i h-Ã-m-sX ]-n-S-n-I-q-S-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p. "I-q-«-p-I-m-sc t]-m-se ]T-n-¡-m-\-m-h-p-¶-n-Ã-te-m, b-m-{X sN-¿-m-\-m-h-p-¶-n-Ã-te-m, h-n-N-m-c-n-¨-X-v- -]-e-X-p-w \-S-¡-p-¶-n-Ã-tÃ-m' F-s¶-Ã-m-w H-mÀ-¯-v. \-s½-¡-mÄ _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-¶-h-c-p-sS, I-ã-X-b-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-p-sS- -A-\-p-`-h-§-f-m-h-p-w A-t¸-m-sg-Ã-m-w \-a-p-¡-v ss[-c-y-w ]-I-c-p-¶-X-v. ]-e I-ã-§-f-n-e-p-w s]-«-v A-X-n-P-o-h-n-¨-p-h-¶-h-c-p-sS I-Y-I-f-m-h-p-w a-p-t¶-m-«-p-Å- -Z-n-h-k-§-f-n-te-¡-v \-½-sf A-t¸-mÄ h-g-n-\-S-¯-p-¶-X-v.

tc-m-K-sa-{X a-qÀ-Ñ-n-¨-m-e-p-w "C-X-v \-m-Y-\-nÂ \-n-¶-p-Å ]-c-o-£-W-a-m-Wv, F-sâ ]-m-]-§Ä s]-m-d-p-¡-s¸-S-m-\-p-Å D-]-m-[-n-b-m-W-v, A-h-sâ C-ã



Z-m-k-\-m-b-X-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v, A-h-s\-s¶- -]-c-n-K-W-n-¡-p-¶-p-sï-¶ e-£-W-a-m-W-v' F-s¶-m-s¡-b-m-W-v - -R-m³ ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w a-\-k-nÂ- -]-d-ª-p-d-¸-n -¡-m-d-p -Å-Xv. A-h-s\-s¶ H-mÀ-¡-p -¶-X- v sI-m-ï-m-h-p-w- -C-X-n-{X-\-mÄ \-o-ï-p \-n-¶-X-v F-t¶ tc-m-K-w Z-oÀ-L-\-mÄ \-n-e-\-n-¶-t¸-mÄ a-\-k-n-s\ h-n-i-z-k-n-¸-n-¨-n-«-p-Å-q. F-s´-¦-n-e-p-w H-c-p h-n-j-a-w h-c-p-t¼-mÄ a-m-{X-a-m-W-tÃ-m C-{X-b-p-w \-mÄ R-m-\-h-s\ H-mÀ-¯-X-v, A-X-n-\-mÂ F-¶-p-w R-m-\-h-s\- -H-mÀ-¡-m³ A-h-\-n-ã-s¸-S-p-¶-X-p-sI-m-ï-m-h-p-w C-u h-n-j-a-w C-§-s\ X-p-S-c-p-t¶- F-¶-p-w tX-m-¶-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v. tN-m-Z-n-¨-X-n-s\-Ã-m-w s]-s«-¶-v D-¯-c-w X-¶-mÂ ]-n-s¶ \-½Ä A-h-s\b§v a-d-¶-p-t]-m-sb-¦-n-te-m. -]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w- -A-h-sâ t\-m-«-h-p-w- -I-c-p-W-b-p-w I-c-p-X-e-p-w F-\-n-¡-v {]-tX-y-I-a-m-b-n e-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-v t]-m-e-p-Å A-\-p-`-h-§Ä D-ï-m-b-n-«-p-a-p-ï-v. A-X-p-sI-m-sï-m-s¡ X-s¶-b-m-h-m-w- -H-c-p h-n-i-z -m-k-n-sb-¶- -\-n-e-b-nÂ {k-ã-m-h-n-te-¡-v a-S-§-m-\-p-w A-h-sâ A-\-p-{K-l-§Ä H-mÀ-¡-m-\-p-w I-m-c-p-W-y-§Ä A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-m-\-p-w I-q-sS-b-p-Å k-a-b-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-\-n-¡-v tc-m-K-I-m-e-w. th-Z-\-b-p-sS-b-p-w- a-S-p-¸-n-sâ-b-p-w I-m-e-¯-p-w C-¯-c-w N-n-e L-S-I-§-f-m-W-v k-u-J-y-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å {]-X-y-m-i-IÄ F-¶-nÂ \-n-d-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. tc-m-K-w H-c-p ]-c-o-£-W-a-m-W-v F-¶-X-nÂ \-n-¶-v tc-m-K-w H-c-p-]-m-S-v ]-c-o-£-W-§-f-m-W-v F-¶-v t_-m-[-y-s¸-« \-m-f-p-I-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-\-n-¡-v B-X-p-c-I-m-e-w $




KÄ^v IpSntbähpw ae_mdnse KÄ^v IpSpw_§-fpsSkmaqly hnZym`ymk \nehmchpw F¶ hnj-b¯nÂ

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1960þ70 I-m-e-L-«-w tI-c-f-¯-nÂ sX-m-g-n -e-n -Ã-m-b- v -a h-f-sc

c-q-£-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. C-´-y-b-nÂ ]-«-n-W-n I-q-S-p-X-e-p-Å k-w-Ø-m-\-§-f-nÂ H-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p tI-c-f-w. \-I-v - -kÂ {]-Ø-m-\-§Ä tI-c-f-¯-nÂ k-P-o-h-a-m-b-n-h-¶ I-m-e-w-I-q-S-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-X-v. tI-c-f-¯-nÂ-\-n-¶v sX-m-g-nÂ-tX-S-n KÄ-^-n-te-¡-p-Å

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H-g-p-¡-v k-w-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-X-v 70\-p-w 90\-p-a-n-S-b-n-e-m-sW-¶-v ]T-\-§Ä ]-d-b-p-¶-p. C-X-p k-w-`-h-n-¨-n-Ã-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-sh-¦-nÂ H-c-p-]-t£ sX-m-g-n-e-n-Ã-m-b-v-a-b-n-e-p-w ]-«-n-W-n-b-n-e-p-w s]-m-d-p-X-n-a-p-«-n b-p-h-m-¡-f-n-se \-sÃ-m-c-p ̀ -m-K-w C-¯-c-w X-o-{h-h-m-Z B-i-b-§-f-n-te-¡-v B-IÀ-j-n-¡-s¸-S-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-sh-¶-v C-u ta-J-e-b-nÂ ]T-\-w \-S-¯-n-b k-m-a-q-l-n-I i-m-k-v-{X-ÚÀ \-n-c-o-£-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. KÄ-^-v {]-h-m-k-w k-w-`-h-n-¨-n-Ã-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-sh-¦-nÂ tI-c-f-¯-nÂ k-w-`-h-n-¡-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶ k-m-a-q-l-n-I {]-X-y-m-L-m-X-§-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å ]T-\-§-f-n-e-m-W-v C-u \-n-c-o-£-W-w.

I-p-S-n-tb-ä L-«-§Ä1970þ90 I-m-e-a-m-W-v KÄ-^-v {]-h-m-k-¯-n-sâ

H-¶-m-w-L-«-w. h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-]cambpw k-m-a-q-l-n-I-a-m-b-p-w ]-n-¶-m-¡-m-h-m-Ø-b-n-e-p-Å I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-nÂ-\-n-¶-m-W-v A-[-n-I-w {]-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-ï-m-b-X-v. sX-m-®-q-d-p-IÄ-¡-p ti-j-a-p-Å I-p-S-n-tb-ä-a-m-W-v c-ï-m-w-L-«-w. I-p-d-¨-p-I-q-S-n t_-m-[-]-qÀ-h-a-m-b I-p-S-n-tb-ä-a-m-W-v C-u L-«-¯-n-e-p-ï-m-b-X-v. sX-m-g-nÂ \-n-b-a-§-f-nÂ-h-¶ a-m-ä-§-f-m-W-v Z-n-i-a-m-ä-n-b-X-v. a-q-¶-p-X-c-w I-p-S-n-tb-ä-§-f-m-W-v C-¶-v \-½Ä I-m-W-p-¶ tI-c-f-k-a-q-l-s¯ k-r-ã-n-¨-sX-¶-v ImWmw. H-¶-v, k-z-mX-{´-y-e-Ï-n-b-p-sS I-m-e-¯-v C-c-p-]-X-m-w \-q-ä-m-ï-n-sâ ]-I-p-X-n-b-nÂ a-[-y-X-n-c-p-h-n-X-m-w-I-q-d-nÂ-\-n-¶-v a-e-_-m-d-n-te-¡-p-ï-m-b I-p-S-n-tb-ä-§Ä, c-ï-m-a-t¯-X-v KÄ-^-v-I-p-S-n-tb-ä-a-m-W-v. 70I-f-nÂ X-p-S-§-n C-t¸-m-g-p-w X-p-SÀ-¶-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ {]-X-n-`-m-k-w. a-q-¶-v, tI-c-f-¯-n-se b-p-h-P-\-§Ä ]-p-d-t¯-¡-v

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sX-m-g-nÂ-tX-S-n t]-m-b-t¸-mÄ C-h-n-sS-b-p-ï-m-b sX-m-g-n-e-h-k-c-§-f-t\-z-j-n-¨-v C-X-c-k-w-Ø-m-\-§-f-nÂ-\-n-¶-v C-t§-m-«-p-ï-m-b I-p-S-n-tb-ä-a-m-W-v.

k-a-q-l-h-p-w {]-h-m-k-h-p-wa-\-p-j-y-sâ ]-p-tc-m-K-X-n-b-p-sS N-c-n-{X-§-f-nÂ I-p-

S-n-tb-ä-§Ä-¡-v A-sÃ-¦-nÂ {]-h-m-k-¯n\v h-e-n-b ]-¦-p-ï-v. H-m-tc-m P-\-X-b-p-sS-b-p-w k-m-a-q-l-n-I-h-p-w k-m-¼-¯-n-I-h-p-a-m-b h-fÀ-¨-b-nÂ I-p-S-n-tb-ä-§Ä h-e-n-b I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n. I-p-S-n-tb-ä-¡-m-c-p-sS k-z-´-w Ø-e-¯-p-w A-h-sc-¯-n-s¸-S-p-¶ Ø-e-¯-p-w C-u ]-p-tc-m-K-X-n I-m-W-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v. H-c-p-X-c-¯-n-e-p-Å h-n³-h-n³ c-o-X-n-b-m-W-v I-p-S-n-tb-ä-w. a-e-b-m-f-n-I-sf k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v KÄ-^-v I-p-S-n-tb-ä-a-m-W-v {]-h-m-k-P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-se G-ä-h-p-w \-nÀ-W-m-b-I-w.

{]-h-m-k-w I-m-c-W-§ÄG-X-p I-p-S-n-tb-ä-¯-n-\-p-w N-n-e s]-m-X-p-I-m-c-W-

§-f-p-ï-m-I-p-w. A-X-nÂ {]-[-m-\-s¸-«-h c-ï-p-ï-v. 1. ]-p-j-v ̂ -m-tÎ-g-v--k-v A-Y-h-m P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶ \-m-«-nÂ \-n-¶-v ]-p-d-t¯-¡-v X-Å-p-¶ N-n-e-X-v. A-X-n-\-p-I-m-c-

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W-w sX-m-g-n-e-n-Ã-m-b-v-a, ]-«-n-W-n t]-m-se k-m-a-q-l-n-I {]-i-v- -\-§-f-m-b-n-c-n-¡-m-w. 2. F-¯-n-s¸-S-p-¶ Ø-e-§-f-nÂ A-h-sc B-IÀ-j-n-¡-p-¶ N-n-e L-S-I-§-f-p-a-p-ï-v. A-X-n-s\ ]-pÄ ̂ -m-tÎ-g-v--k-v F-¶-p ]-d-b-m-w. a-e-b-m-f-n KÄ-^-v I-p-S-n-tb-ä-§-f-nÂ Cu c-ïv L-S-I-§fpw {]-hÀ-¯n-¨n-«pïv.

A-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w KÄ-^-v \-m-S-p-I-f-nÂ H-m-b-nÂ _-q-w h-¶-t¸-mÄ A-hÀ-¡-v th-ï k-t¸-mÀ-«-p-I-f-n-se-m-¶-v k-m-t¦-X-n-I-a-m-b A-d-n-h-p-w ]-c-n-N-b-h-p-a-p-Å s{]-m-^-j-\Â-k-p-w sS-I-v--\-o-j-y³-k-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-X-p-\Â-I-m³ b-q-td-m-]-y³ c-m-P-y-§Ä k-¶-²-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v B k-l-m-b-w \Â-I-n-b-n-c-p-¶-X-p-w C-t¸-mÄ \Â-I-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-w A-hÀ X-s¶-b-m-W-v. F-¶-mÂ, A-h-n-tS-¡-v th-ï te-_À-t^-m-g-v--k-v, a-m-\-h-h-n-`-h-ti-j-n \Â-I-m³ I-g-n-ª-X-v C-´-y, ]-m-I-n-Ø-m³, {i-o-e-¦, _-w-¥-m-tZ-i-v X-p-S-§-n-b k-u-t¯-j-y³ c-m-P-y-§Ä-¡-m-W-v. C-´-y-b-nÂ-\n¶p-Å KÄ-^v {]-hm-kn-I-fnÂ 50 i-X-a-m-\-t¯-m-f-w a-e-b-m-f-n-I-f-m-W-v. tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ C-u-sb-m-c-p k-m-l-N-c-y-w {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-v h-n-Z-y-m-k-¼-¶-c-m-b sX-m-g-nÂ-c-l-n-X-c-p-sS F-®-w I-q-S-p-¶-X-v KÄ-^-n-te-¡-p-Å H-g-p-¡-n-\-v h-e-n-b I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n. k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-p-I, a-n-¨-w sh-¡-p-I, \-n-t£-]-n-¡-p-I C-X-m-W-tÃ-m H-c-p k-m-¼-¯-n-I {]-hÀ-¯-\-w. a-e-b-m-f-n-b-p-sS KÄ-^-v {]-h-m-k-w B-c-w-`-n-¨-n-«-p-Å-X-p-w G-sd-¡-p-sd C-t¸-mÄ \-S-¶-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-n -¡-p-¶-X-p-w C-§-s\-sb-m-c-p e-£-y-¯-n-e-Ã. h-f-sc sN-dnb -Hcp h-n-`-m-K-w a-m-{X-a-m-W-v \-n-t£]-h-p-w k-¼-m-Z-y-h-p-w D-ï-m-¡-n-b-X-v.

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a-ä-p-Å-hÀ D-]-P-o-h-\-w F-¶ \-n-e-¡-m-W-v \-m-S-p-h-n-«-X-v. A-X-v KÄ-^-v {]-h-m-k-¯-n-sâ k-h-n-ti-j-X-I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v.

k-m-¼-¯-n-I-m-h-Ø-IÄKÄ-^-v I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-p-sS k-m-¼-¯-n-I A-h-Ø-

sb-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å H-m-c-p-]-m-S-v ]T-\-§Ä \-S-¶-n-«-p-ï-v. 1987Â C-¡-tW-m-a-n-I-v- -k-v B³-U-v Ì-m-ä-n-Ì-n-I-v- -k-v U-b-d-Î-td-ä-v \-S-¯-n-b ]T-\-¯-nÂ ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v, A-¶-s¯ H-c-p KÄ-^-v I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-sâ h-c-p-a-m-\-w KÄ-^-v-I-m-c-Ã-m-¯ I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-sâ a-m-k-h-c-p-a-m-\-¯-n-sâ C-c-«-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-sh-¶-m-W-v. ]-t£ C-¶-v A-{X-¡-n-Ã. H-c-p-]-t£ KÄ-^-n-e-p-Å h-c-p-a-m-\-¯-n-sâ C-S-n-th-m \-m-«-n-e-p-Å-h-c-p-sS h-c-p-a-m-\ hÀ-[-\-th-m B-I-m-w I-m-c-W-w.

A-©-p P-n-Ã-I-f-n-se B-b-n-c-t¯-m-f-w I-p-S-p-w-_-§-sf-b-m-W-v R-m³ ]T-\-h-n-t[-b-a-m-¡-n-b-X-v. A-h-c-nÂ 71 i-X-a-m-\-t¯-m-f-h-p-w C-¶-v KÄ-^-n-s\ a-m-{X-w B-{i-b-n-¨-v I-g-n-b-p-¶-h-c-m-W-v. C-X-v h-f-sc B-i-¦-IÄ-¡-v h-I-\Â-I-p-¶-p. KÄ-^-v F-t¸-m-g-p-w \-n-e-b-v-¡-m-h-p-¶ h-c-p-a-m-\-a-mÀ-K-a-m-W-v. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-p-X-s¶ C-u a-mÀ-K-w- I-ï-v \-m-«-nÂ H-«-p-w DX-v-]-m-Z-\-£-a-a-Ã-m-¯ ta-J-e-b-n-e-m-W-v KÄ-^-p-I-m-c-n-se a-n-¡ I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-p-w sN-e-h-g-n-¡-p-¶-X-v, {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-v h-o-S-p-\-nÀ-a-m-W-w t]-m-se-b-p-Å-h.

k-m-¼-¯-n-I _-m-[-y-X-IÄ ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¨-mÂ, i--c-m-i-c-n KÄ-^-v I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-nÂ 58 i-X-a-m-\-t¯-m-f-h-p-w I-S-_-m-[-n-X-c-m-W-v. i-c-m-i-c-n I-S-w \-m-e-p a-p-XÂ B-d-p-h-sc e-£-w c-q-]-b-m-W-v. 2017se h-n-h-c-§Ä-

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sh-¨-m-W-v ]T-\-w \-S-¯-n-b-X-v. 56 i-X-a-m-\-w t]À-¡-p-w I-S-w h-¶-X-v h-o-S-v \-nÀ-a-m-W-¯-n-e-m-W-v. a-¡-f-p-sS-b-p-w k-tl-m-Z-c-n-a-m-c-p-sS-b-p-w I-e-y-m-W-m-h-i-y-§Ä-¡-p-w I-S-w-h-¶-h-c-p-ï-v. B-sI 21% I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä-¡-v a-m-{X-a-m-W-v F-s´-¦-n-e-p-w X-c-¯-n-e-p-Å \-n-t£-]-§-f-p-Å-X-v. A-X-nÂ-X-s¶ k-m-a-p-Z-m-b-n-I-a-m-b h-y-X-y-m-k-w I-m-W-m-w. KÄ-^-v a-m-{X-w B-{i-b-n-¡-p-¶ I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-nÂ ̀ -q-c-n-`-m-K-h-p-w a-p-k-v--e-n-w-I-f-m-W-v. A-hÀ-¡-m-I-t« \-n-t£-]-n-¡-p-¶ k-z-`-m-h-w h-f-sc I-p-d-h-m-W-v. a-n-¡ I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w {]-[-m-\ sN-e-h-v tj-m-]-n-M-m-W-v. A-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-nÂ h-c-p-¶ h-n-h-m-l-w t]-m-e-p-Å B-tL-m-j-§-f-p-w. a-q-¶-m-w Ø-m-\-¯-m-W-v ssZ-\-w-Z-n-\ B-h-i-y-§Ä-¡-p-Å sN-e-h-p-IÄ.

\-n-t£-]-i-o-e-wKÄ-^-v I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-p-sS \-n-t£-]-k-z-`-m-h-s¯-

¡-p-d-n-¨-v ]-e ]T-\-§-f-n-e-p-w h-¶-n-«-p-ï-v. tU-m. sI c-m-a-N-{µ³ \-m-bÀ \-n-c-o-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-v, a-e-¸-p-d-w P-n-Ã-b-n-se X-o-c-tZ-i ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-Å 50% KÄ-^-v

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I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä-¡-p-w i-c-n-b-m-b \-n-t£-] a-mÀ-K-§-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å [-m-c-W-tb-m A-d-n-th-m C-Ã-m-¯-h-c-m-W-v F-¶-m-W-v. A-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ sX-¡³-P-n-Ã-I-f-n-se KÄ-^-v I-p-S-p-w-_-§-tf-m-S-v X-m-c-X-a-y-s¸-S-p-¯-p-t¼-mÄ C-X-v h-f-sc D-bÀ-¶ \-n-c-¡-m-W-v. 25 i-X-a-m-\-¯-n-\-p X-m-sg a-m-{X-a-m-W-v sX-¡³- P-n-Ã-I-f-n-e-p-Å KÄ-^-v I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-nÂ C-u A-Ú-X I-m-W-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v. ]-t£ 75 i-X-a-m-\-t¯-m-f-w {]-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-Å a-e-¸-p-d-w P-n-Ã-b-nÂ i-c-n-b-m-b \-n-t£-]-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-w h-c-p-a-m-\-w I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n F-§-s\ sN-e-h-g-n-¡-W-sa-¶-X-n-s\-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-w k-m-¼-¯-n-I-a-m-b h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w h-f-sc I-p-d-h-m-sW-¶-m-W-v F-sâ ]T-\-¯-n-e-p-w a-\-k-n-e-m-b-X-v.

B-tc-m-K-y-wKÄ-^-v I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-n-se A-w-K-§-f-p-sS B-tc-m-

K-y \-n-e-h-m-c-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å A-t\-z-j-W-¯-nÂ-\-n-¶-v a-\-k-n-e-m-b-X-v 34% I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-n-e-p-w H-c-p \-n-X-y-tc-m-K-n D-sï-¶-m-W-v. P-o-h-n-X-ssi-e-n tc-m-K-§Ä A-Y-h-m {]-ta-l-w, {]-jÀ t]-m-e-p-Å-h-b-p-w A-eÀ-P-n-b-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-« tc-m-K-§-f-p-a-m-W-v {]-[-m-\-a-m-b-p-w I-ï-p-h-c-p-¶-X-v. a-ä-p k-m-[-m-c-W tc-m-K-§-f-p-w I-m-W-s¸-S-p-¶-p. kÀ-¡-m-d-n-sâ-b-p-w a-ä-p k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-p-sS-b-p-w B-tc-m-K-y C³-j-z-d³-k-v t]-m-f-n-k-n-IÄ F-S-p-¯-n-«-p-ï-v 18% {]-h-m-k-n I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-p-w. ti-j-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ-¡-v N-n-I-n-Õ-m-sN-e-h-v h-e-n-sb-m-c-p _-m-[-y-X-b-m-b-n A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v $

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k-¼-¯-v A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-sâ A-\-p-{K-l-§-f-nÂ h-f-sc {]-[-m-\-a-m-b H-¶-m-W-v. k-z-´-a-m-b-n

P-o-h-n-¡-m-\-p-w a-ä-p-Å-h-c-p-sS B-h-i-y-§Ä \-n-hÀ-¯-n-¡-m-\-p-w H-c-mÄ-¡-v k-m-[-y-a-m-I-p-¶-X-v h-e-n-sb-m-c-p k-u-`-m-K-y-h-p-a-m-W-v. ̀ -q-a-n-b-nÂ P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶ G-sX-m-c-p a-\-p-j-y-\-p-w \-n-Ý-n-X-b-f-h-nÂ k-¼-

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¯-n-s\ B-{i-b-n-t¡-ï-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. a-\-p-j-y-sâ \-n-e-\-nÂ-¸-v X-s¶ k-¼-¯-n-s\ B-{i-b-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p-sh-¶-v ]-d-ª-m-e-p-w sX-ä-n-Ã. H-¶-p-a-n-Ã-m-¯-h³ ]-«-n-W-n-I-n-S-¶-v a-c-n-¨-p-t]-m-I-p-a-tÃ-m. Z-c-n-{Z-c-m-{ã-§-f-nÂ ]-c-tI-m-S-n-IÄ a-c-n-¨-p-h-o-g-p-¶-X-v k-¼-¯-n-sâ I-p-d-h-v sI-m-ï-p a-m-{X-a-m-W-v. J-pÀ-B³ k-¼-m-Z-y-s¯ C-§-s\-b-m-W-v ]-c-n-N-b-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-X-v: "\-n-§-f-p-sS \-n-e-\-n-e-v-]-n-sâ B-W-n-¡-Ã-m-b k-¼-m-Z-y-w \-n-§Ä h-n-U-v-V-n-I-sf GÂ-¸-n-¡-c-p-X-v' (\-n-k-m-A-v/5). P-o-h-t\-m-]-m-[-n a-m-{X-a-Ã k-¼-¯-v. a-\-p-j-y-sâ a-X-]-c-a-m-b H-c-m-h-i-y-h-p-w I-q-S-n-b-m-W-X-v. k-I-m-¯-v \Â-I-m-\-p-w l-Ö-v sN-¿-m-\-p-w a-X-]T-\-§Ä \-S-¡-m-\-p -w a-sä-Ã-m Z-o -\-o-{]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡-p-w k-¼-¯-v h-f-sc A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-Wv. {]-h-m-N-I-c-p-sS (k-z) I-m-e-¯-p-X-s¶ Z-o-\-o-{]-t_-m-[-\-¯-n-e-p-w {]-N-m-c-W-¯-n-e-p-w k-¼-¶-c-p-sS k-z-m-[-o-\-w h-f-sc i-à-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v C-X-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v. ]-W-w sI-m-ï-v [-qÀ-¯-S-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ c-m-P-m-¡-·-mÀ C-k-v-e-m-a-n-s\ B-{I-a-n-¡-m³ h-¶-t¸-mÄ {]-X-n-tc-m-[-w k-r-ã-n-¡-m³ ]-W-w B-h-i-y-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-\-p-b-m-b-n-IÄ-¡-n-S-b-n-se k-¼-¶-c-m-W-v C-X-n-\-p t\-X-r-X-z-w sI-m-S-p-¯-X-v.

C-¡-m-c-W-¯-mÂ X-s¶ k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-m-\-p-Å-X-v A-Ã-m-l-p a-\-p-j-y-\-v k-½-m-\-n-¨-p. k-¼-¯-n-t\-m-S-p-Å C-u {]-tX-y-I A-`-n-\-n-th-i-w t]-m-k-n-ä-o-h-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-m³ A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-sâ {]-tX-y-I-a-m-b I-e-v-]-\-b-p-w i-à-a-m-b a-mÀ-K-tc-J-b-p-w h-¶-p. Z-m-c-n-{Z-y-w H-c-mÄ B-{K-l-n-¡-m-t\-m Z-c-n-{Z-h-m-\-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-I F-¶-X-nÂ {]-tX-y-I B-`-n-P-m-X-y-ta-m ]-m-S-n-Ã.

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I-m-c-W-w [-m-c-m-f-w l-Z-o-k-p-I-f-nÂ sF-i-z-c-y-s¯ tN-m-Z-n-¡-m³ \-_-n(k-z) B-h-i-y-s¸-«-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. Z-m-c-n-{Z-y-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-Å ta-m-N-\-h-p-w \-m-w tN-m-Z-n-t¡-ï-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. C-X-n-\À-Y-w sF-i-z-c-y-w t\-S-n-sb-S-p-t¡-ï-X-p-w Z-m-c-n-{Z-y-w X-n-c-sª-Sp-¡m³ ]m-Sn-Ãm-¯-Xp-am-sW-¶m-Wv. F-Ã-m {]-h-m-N-I-·-m-c-p-w P-o-h-n-¡-m-\-p-Å sF-i-z-c-y-a-p-Å-h-c-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-X-m-\-p-w. \-_-n-sb(k-z) sF-i-z-c-y-a-p-Å-h-c-m-¡-n-b-X-m-b-n J-pÀ-B³ D-WÀ-¯-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v. (f-p-l-m/8) A-Y-h-m ̂ -Jvdv A-sÃ-¦-nÂ P-o-h-n-¡-m³ a-ä-p-Å-h-c-p-sS H-u-Z-m-c-y-w ]-tä-ï K-X-n-tI-S-v \-_-n-a-mÀ-¡-mÀ-¡-p-w D-ï-m-b-n-«-n-Ã. N-n-e k-µÀ-`-§-f-n-se-m-s¡ h-f-sc {]-b-m-k-s¸-«-n-c-p-¶-p-sh-¦-n-e-p-w A-sX-Ã-m-w X-§-f-p-sS A-`-n-a-m-\-¯-n-\-v £-X-taÂ-¡-p-¶ c-q-]-¯-n-te-¡-v H-c-n-¡-e-p-w a-m-d-n-b-n-«-n-sÃ-¶-X-m-W-v b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-w. a-m-{X-h-p-a-Ã A-h-sb-Ã-m-w H-ä-s¸-« k-w-`-h-§-f-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

h-^-m-¯-n-sâ k-a-b-w-h-sc-b-p-w F-Ã-m ̀ -m-c-y-a-mÀ-¡-p-w I-p-ª-p-§Ä P-o-h-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ k-a-b-§-f-n-e-p-w \-_-n(k-z) X-s¶ sN-e-h-n-\-p \Â-I-n-b-tÃ-m. C-sX-Ã-w a-ä-p-Å-h-c-p-sS H-u-Z-m-c-y-w ]-ä-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. X-m-sg-b-p-Å ssI-sb-¡-m-f-p-w D-¯-a-w ta-se-b-p-Å ssI-b-n-\-m-sW-¶-p \-n-c-´-c-w A-h-n-S-p-¶-v D-WÀ-¯-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p. A-Y-h-m h-m-§-p-¶-X-n-s\-¡-mÄ \-Ã-X-v sI-m-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-m-W-v. k-A-Z-v(d) H-c-n-¡Â \-_-n-tb-m-S-v(k-z) tN-m-Z-n-¨-p: "F-\-n-¡-v H-c-p s]¬-I-p-«-n a-m-{X-a-m-W-p-Å-X-v. F-sâ k-¼-¯-n-sâ a-q-¶-nÂ c-ï-p-`-m-K-w R-m³ k-z-Z-J \Â-I-s«?' \-_-n(k-z) k-½-X-n-¨-n-Ã. "F-¦-nÂ ]-I-p-X-n \Â-I-s«


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F-¶-v tN-m-Z-n-¨-p. A-X-p-w th-ï' F-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p a-d-p-]-S-n. F-¶-n-«-v A-h-n-S-p-¶-v ]-d-ª-p: "a-q-¶-nÂ H-¶-p-X-s¶ [-m-c-m-f-a-m-Wv. \-n-§Ä \-n-§-f-p-sS A-\-´-c-h-·-m-sc sF-i-z-c-y-a-p-Å-h-c-m-b-n h-n-t«-¨-p-t]-m-I-p-¶-X-m-W-v A-h-sc P-\-§-f-n-te-¡-v B-{i-b-a-p-Å-h-c-m-¡-n a-m-ä-p-¶-X-n-s\-¡-mÄ \-Ã-X-v. \-n-§Ä \-n-§-f-p-sS I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-\-v \Â-I-p-¶ H-m-tc-m sN-e-h-p-w k-z-Z-J-b-m-W-v. ̀ -m-c-y-b-p-sS h-m-b-nÂ \Â-I-p-¶-X-p t]-m-e-p-w.'

`-q-a-n-b-p-sS k-w-c-£-W D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-¯-h-p-w ]-c-n-]-m-e-\-h-p-w A-Ã-m-l-p a-\-p-j-y-s\-b-m-W-v GÂ-¸-n-¨-X-v. ̀ -q-a-n-b-n-e-p-Å k-I-e k-r-ã-n-I-sf-b-p-w a-\-p-j-y-\-v t]-m-k-n-ä-o-h-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-m-\-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c-w \Â-I-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v. ]-c-n-]-m-e-\-h-p-w k-w-c-£-W-h-p-w F-§-s\-b-m-h-W-sa-¶-v J-pÀ-B-\-p-w l-Z-o-k-p-w h-f-sc k-v-]-ã-a-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v -X-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. a-\-p-j-y-\-v P-o-h-n-¡-m-\-p-w B-h-i-y-§Ä a-m-\-y-a-m-b-n A-\-p-hÀ-¯-n-¡-m-\-p-a-p-Å k-z-m-X-{´-y-a-m-W-v b-Y-mÀ-Y-¯-nÂ C-X-v a-p-tJ-\ \Â-I-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. P-o-h-n-


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¡-m-\-p-Å h-I a-ä-p P-´-p-¡Ä-¡-v ]-e-h-n-t[-\-b-p-w A-Ã-m-l-p ̀ -q-a-n-b-nÂ t\-c-n-«-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-n-¨-t¸-mÄ a-\-p-j-y-\-v H-c-e-v-]w A-[-n-I-w A-[-z-m-\-n-t¡-ï-n h-c-p-¶-X-v ̀ -q-a-n-b-p-sS ]-c-n-]-m-e-\-w I-q-S-n-b-p-Å-X-p sI-m-ï-m-W-v. a-\-p-j-y-\-v A-Ã-m-l-p h-n-ti-j-_-p-²-n-b-p-w \-n-c-´-c-w ]-p-tc-m-K-X-n {]-m-]-n-¡-m-\-p-a-p-Å a-\-k-p-w \Â-I-n-b-X-v ̀ -q-a-n-b-p-sS ]-c-n-]-m-e-\-¯-n-\-p-w A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-s\ B-c-m-[-n-¡-m-\-p-w th-ï-n a-m-{X-a-m-W-v. `-q-a-n-sb ]-c-n-]-m-e-n-¨-v P-o-h-n-¡-m-\-p-Å h-I I-sï-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-m-W-v sX-m-g-nÂ F-¶-v ]-d-b-p-I. C-k-v-e-m-w h-f-sc-b-[-n-I-w t{]-m-Õ-m-l-n-¸-n-¨ A-X-o-h ]-p-W-y-a-p-Å H-c-p B-c-m-[-\-I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v sX-m-g-nÂ. sX-m-g-n-e-n-s\ B-c-m-[-\-b-m-b-n ]-c-n-N-b-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b G-I-a-X-h-p-w {]-X-y-b-i-m-k-v-{X-h-p-w C-k-v-e-m-w a-m-{X-a-m-W-v. a-\-p-j-y³ I-g-n-¡-p-¶-X-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w \-Ã ̀ -£-W-w k-z-´-w ssI-sI-m-ï-p A-[-z-m-\-n-¨-p-ï-m-¡-n-b-X-m-sW-¶-p ]-d-b-p-¶ {]-h-m-N-IÀ(k-z) [-m-c-m-f-w l-Z-o-k-p-I-f-nÂ sX-m-g-n-e-n-s\ t{]-m-Õ-m-l-n-¸-n-¨-p. F-Ã-m sX-m-g-n-e-p-w D-t]-£-n-¨-v ]À-h-X-§-f-n-e-p-w I-m-S-p-I-f-n-e-p-w t]-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-tX-m X-s¶ B-{i-b-n-¨-v P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶-h-sc ]-«-n-W-n-¡-n-S-p-¶-tX-m C-k-v-e-m-w-{]-I-m-c-w H-c-n-¡-e-p-w ]-p-W-y-a-p-Å I-m-c-y-a-Ã; a-d-n-¨-v ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w A-X-v \-n-j-n-²--a-m-b-n h-c-n-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-w. a-\-p-j-yÀ-¡-n-S-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v a-\-p-j-y-sc-t¸-m-se A-[-z-m-\-n-¨-v X-sâ-b-p-w a-ä-p-Å-h-c-p-sS-b-p-w B-h-i-y-§Ä -\-nhÀ-¯-n-¨-p \Â-I-p-¶-h-s\-t¸-m-se ]-p-W-y-h-m-\-m-b-n a-ä-m-c-p-a-n-sÃ-¶ \-n-e-]-m-S-m-W-v C-k-v-e-m-a-n-tâ-X-v.

k-¼-¯-v A-\-p-{K-l-a-m-b-n-¡-m-W-p-¶, k-¼-m-


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Z-n-¡-m³ B-l-z-m-\-w \Â-I-p-¶, P-o-h-n-¡-m³ sX-m-g-n-se-S-p-¡-m³ t{]-m-Õ-m-l-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ C-k-v-e-m-w k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-m-\-p-Å ]-c-n-[-n H-c-n-¡-e-p-w \-n-Ý-b-n-¨-n-Ã. a-m-{X-h-p-a-Ã, h-n-i-z-m-k-n-b-p-sS a-\-k-n-se I-c-p-¯-\-p-k-c-n-¨-p-w k-¼-m-Z-\-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w h-n-\-n-tb-m-K-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w c-o-X-n-b-\-p-k-c-n-¨-p-w H-m-tc-m A-[-n-I k-¼-m-Z-y-h-p-w A-[-z-m-\-h-p-w A-X-o-h ]-p-W-y-I-c-h-p-a-m-I-p-w. k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-m³ {]-tX-y-I a-mÀ-K-§-f-p-w h-g-n-I-f-p-w D-d-h-n-S-§-f-p-w C-k-v-e-m-w ]-c-n-N-b-s¸-S-p-¯-n. A-tX-{]-I-m-c-w sN-e-h-g-n-¡-m-\-p-w. C-h-c-ï-p-w {i-²-n-¡Â h-f-sc A-\-n-h-m-c-y-h-p-w k-¼-m-Z-y-w ]-p-W-y-I-c-a-m-I-m-\-p-Å {]-m-Y-a-n-I D-]-m-[-n-b-p-a-m-W-v. B-[-p-\-n-I I-y-m-]-n-ä-e-n-k-w ]-d-b-p-¶-X-p t]-m-se F-§-s\-b-p-w k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-m-sa-¶-Ã C-k-v-e-m-w ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v. A-\-p-h-Z-\-o-b h-g-n-I-f-p-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-m-¯ h-g-n-I-f-p-a-p-ï-v. A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-m-¯ h-g-n-I-f-n-e-q-sS k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶-X-v I-S-p-¯ sX-ä--m-W-v. a-ä-p-Å-h-sc H-c-p-\-n-e-¡-p-w l-m-\-n-I-c-a-m-b h-g-n-b-n-te-¡-v X-Å-n-h-n-S-p-¶ k-¼-m-Z-y-w C-k-v-e-m-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-p-¶-n-Ã. A-]-c-sâ A-[-z-m-\-a-p-XÂ ]-e-t]-c-p-w ]-d-ª-v k-z-´-a-m-¡-p-¶ B-[-p-\-n-I {]-h-W-X C-k-v-e-m-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-p-¶-n-sÃ-¶-p N-p-c-p-¡-w. D-bÀ-¶ d-n-k-v-sI-S-p-¡-p-¶-p F-¶ H-m-a-\-t¸-c-n-«-v C-¶-v a-ä-p-Å-h-c-p-sS ]-W-w-X-«-p-¶ {]-h-W-X H-m-tc-m Z-n-h-k-h-p-w hÀ-[-n-¨-p-h-c-n-I-b-m-W-v. D-bÀ-¶ d-n-k-v-sI-S-p-¯-m-e-p-w I-¨-h-S-X-{´-w A-d-n-b-p-¶-hÀ H-c-n-¡-e-p-w ]-c-m-P-b-s¸-S-n-sÃ-¶-X-p-sI-m-ï-p-X-s¶ B-X-y-´-n-I \-ã-w F-t¸-m-g-p-w H-c-p h-n-`-m-K-¯-n-\-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. a-ä-p-Å-h-sc h-©-n-¡-p-¶-X-v _-u-²-n-I h-y-h-l-m-c-a-m-b-n-¡-ï-v ]-p-X-n-b ]-p-X-n-b _-n-k-v-\-k-p-IÄ


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H-m-tc-m Z-n-h-k-h-p-w a-mÀ-I-ä-nÂ {]-X-y-£s¸-S-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p. C-¯-c-w F-Ã-m B-`-m-k-§-tf-m-S-p-w C-k-v-e-m-w h-n-tb-m-P-n-¡-p-¶-p. I-m-c-W-w k-¼-m-Z-n-t¡-ï-X-v a-ä-p-Å-h-sc h-©-n-¨-sÃ-¶-p-w a-m-\-y-a-m-b-n A-[-z-m-\-n-¨-m-sW-¶-p-a-m-W-v C-k-v-e-m-w a-p-t¶-m-«-p-sh-¡-p-¶ {]-m-Y-a-n-I k-m-¼-¯-n-I-]-mT-w.

a-\-p-j-y³ k-¼-m-Z-n-¨-sX-Ã-m-w tX-m-¶-n-b-t]-m-se sN-e-h-g-n-¡-m-sa-¶ I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-p-w C-k-v-e-m-w F-X-nÀ-¡-p-¶-p. sN-e-h-g-n-¡-m³ h-y-à-a-m-b N-n-e a-mÀ-K-\-nÀ-tZ-i-§-f-p-ï-v. X-sâ-b-p-w k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w K-p-W-]-c-a-m-b I-m-c-y-§-f-nÂ a-m-\-y-a-m-b-m-W-v C-h sN-e-h-g-n-t¡-ï-sX-¶ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-]-mT-w C-k-v-e-m-w \Â-I-p-¶-p. C-X-v ]-d-b-p-t¼-mÄ N-n-e-sc-m-s¡ a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-n-b-X-v Z-m-\-w \Â-IÂ a-m-{X-a-m-W-v C-k-v-e-m-a-nÂ ]-p-W-y-a-p-Å-sX-¶-m-W-v. {]-X-n-^-e-w I-S-w \Â-I-p-¶-h-\-p-sï-¶-v ]-d-b-p-¶ [-m-c-m-f-w l-Z-o-k-p-I-f-p-ï-v. A-tX-{]-I-m-c-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v a-\-p-j-y-\-v sX-m-g-n-e-p-w h-c-p-a-m-\-h-p-w k-r-ã-n-¡-p-¶ k-w-c-w-`-§Ä X-p-S-§-p-¶-X-p-w. ]-W-w H-c-n-¡-e-p-w sI-«-n-¸-q-«-n sh-¡-m-\-Ã C-k-v-e-m-a-n-sâ B-l-z-m-\-w. A-§-s\ sN-¿-p-¶-X-v h-f-sc h-e-n-b k-m-a-q-l-y-h-n-]-¯-v h-n-f-n-¨-p-h-c-p-¯-p-w. ]-W-w F-t¸-m-g-p-w k-a-q-l-¯-n-e-q-sS I-d-§-W-w. A-¯-c-w k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ ]-«-n-W-n-b-p-w Z-m-c-n-{Z-y-h-p-w sX-m-g-n-e-n-Ã-m-b-v-a-b-p-w I-p-d-b-p-w. C-X-n-\-p th-ï-X-v ]-p-X-n-b ]-p-X-n-b k-w-c-w-`-§-f-m-W-v. k-w-c-w-`-§Ä X-p-S-§-p-¶-h³ [-m-c-f-w a-\-p-j-yÀ-¡-m-W-v A-¶-h-p-w tP-m-e-n-b-p-w \Â-I-p-¶-X-v. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-p-X-s¶ a-\-p-j-y-\-p-w {]-I-r-X-n-¡-p-w B-h-i-y-a-p-Å a-p-g-p-h³ ta-J-e-I-f-n-e-p-w \-n-t£-]-§Ä h-c-W-w.


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A-X-v k-a-q-l-s¯ h-fÀ-¯-p-w. C-k-v-e-m-w I-¨-h-S-¯-n-\-v A-X-y-[-n-I-w Ø-m-\-w

\Â-I-m-\-p-Å I-m-c-W-h-p-w C-X-m-W-v. A-Ã-m-l-p C-ã-s¸-« G-ä-h-p-w \-Ã tP-m-e-n I-¨-h-S-a-m-sW-¶-v ]-e ]-Þ-n-X-·-m-c-p-w ]-d-ª-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. \-_-n(k-z) X-s¶-b-p-w [-m-c-m-f-w hÀ-j-§Ä I-¨-h-S-w \-S-¯-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v. sN-d-n-b I-¨-h-S-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. a-ä-p \-m-S-p-I-f-nÂ t]-m-b-p-Å aÄ-«-n-\-m-j-\Â _-n-k-v-\-k-n-sâ A-¶-s¯ c-q-]-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p {]-h-m-N-I-c-p-sS B-Z-y-I-m-e I-¨-h-S-§Ä. I-¨-h-S-¡-m-c-n-b-m-b J-Z-o-P _-o-h-n-sb-b-m-W-v A-h-n-S-p-¶-v B-Z-y-w h-n-h-m-l-w I-g-n-¨-X-p-w. I-¨-h-S-§Ä-¡-v h-y-à-a-m-b \-n-b-a-§Ä B-Z-y-a-m-b-n B-h-n-j-v-I-c-n-¨-X-v C-k-v-e-m-a-m-W-v. \-q-d-p I-W-¡-n-\-v J-pÀ-B³ l-Z-o-k-v h-N-\-§-f-nÂ C-u \-n-b-a-§-f-p-w t{]-m-Õ-m-l-\-§-f-p-w \-n-c-¶-p-I-n-S-¡-p-¶-p. I-q-S-m-sX C-k-v-e-m-a-n-I \-n-b-a-i-m-k-v-{X-w ̂ -n-J-v-l-n-sâ \-sÃ-m-c-p-`-m-K-w I-¨-h-S-\-n-b-a-§Ä ]-d-b-m³ th-ï-n a-m-{X-a-m-W-v. C-´-y-b-S-¡-a-p-Å c-m-{ã-§-Ä I-¨-h-S \-n-b-a-a-S-¡-a-p-Å H-«-p-a-n-¡ I-m-c-y-§-f-p-w C-k-v-e-m-a-n-sâ C-u \-n-b-a k-w-l-n-X-b-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w


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]-IÀ-¯-n-b-X-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. C-k-v-e-m-a-n-I {K-Ù-§-f-nÂ C-u \-n-b-a-§Ä {]-X-y-£-s¸-«-X-n-\-v ti-j-w H-c-p k-l-{k-m-Ð-w I-g-n-ª-m-W-v ]-S-n -ª-m-d³ c-m-{ã-§-f-nÂ C-¯-c-w \-n-b-a-§-sf-Ã-m-w h-¶-X-v. I-¨-h-S-w, h-y-h-k-m-b-w, a-mÀ-I-ä-n-M-v X-p-S-§-n-b-h-b-p-sS H-m-tc-m C-X-f-p-I-f-p-w C-g-I-o-d-n NÀ-¨-sN-¿-p-¶ C-kve-m-a-n-I \-n-b-a-k-w-l-n-X-¡-v H-¶-c k-l-{k-m-Ð-¯-n-sâ ]-g-¡-a-p-sï-¶-X-v C-k-v-e-m-w C-¯-c-w ta-J-e-IÄ-¡-v F-{X-a-m-{X-w {]-m-[-m-\-y-w \Â-I-n-sb-¶-X-n-sâ {]-X-y-£ sX-f-n-h-m-W-v.

k-¼-m-Z-\-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w h-n-\-n-tb-m-K-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w \-n-b-a-§Ä ]-d-b-p-¶-n-S-¯-v J-pÀ-B-\-p-w l-Z-o-k-p-w B-Z-y-w k-w-k-m-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v k-¼-s¯-Ã-m-w A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-tâ-X-v a-m-{X-a-m-sW-¶-m-W-v. A-Y-h-m a-\-p-j-y-s\ {I-b-h-n-{I-b-§Ä-¡-v GÂ-¸-n-¡-p-I a-m-{X-a-m-W-v sN-¿-p-¶-X-v. \-½-nÂ \-a-p-¡-v A-[-n-I-m-c-a-n-Ã-m-¯-X-v t]-m-se-¯-s¶ \-½-p-sS k-¼-¯-n-e-p-a-n-Ã k-¼-qÀ-W A-[-n-I-m-c-w. A-X-v A-Ã-m-l-p \-nÀ-tZ-i-n-¨ c-q-]-¯-n-e-m-W-v h-n-\-n-tb-m-K-n-t¡-ï-X-v F-¶-m-W-n-X-n-\À-Y-w. B-b-n-c-¡-W-¡-n-\-v tI-m-S-o-i-z-c-·-m-sc \-n-a-n-j t\-c-w-sI-m-ï-v ]-m-¸-c-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w tI-m-S-m-\-p-tI-m-S-n ]-m-h-§-sf sR-m-S-n-b-n-S-b-nÂ tI-m-S-o-i-z-c-·-m-c-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-h-\-m-W-v A-Ã-m-l-p. I-m-c-W-w A-h-\-m-W-v X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-t¡-ï-X-v, A-h-sâ k-z-¯-v B-sc-tbÂ-¸-n-¡-W-sa-¶-v. H-m-tc-m-a-\-p-j-y-\-p-w A-S-n-Ø-m-\-]-c-a-m-b-n a-\-k-nÂ k-q-£-n-t¡-ï _-m-e-]-mT-h-p-w C-X-m-W-v. A-[-z-m-\-n-¨-n-«-p-w k-¼-¯-v e-`-n-¡-m-sX I-ã-s¸-S-p-¶-hÀ X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-p-w a-\-k-n-e-m-t¡-ï-X-v X-{´-Ú-m-\-n-b-p-w H-m-tc-m k-r-ã-n-¡-p-w


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K-p-W-a-m-b-X-v F-´-m-sW-¶-p I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n A-d-n-b-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶ A-Ã-m-l-p A-h-sâ k-z-¯-v t\-m-¡-m-\-p-w A-X-nÂ {I-b-h-n-{I-b-w \-S-¯-m-\-p-w X-s¶ GÂ-¸-n-¨-n-sÃ-¶-p a-m-{X-a-m-W-v. A-]-c-\-v I-n-«-n-b k-¼-¯-v X-\-n-¡-v I-n-«-n-b-mÂ K-p-W-¯-n-te-sd tZ-m-j-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w ̀ -h-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. H-m-tc-m k-¼-¶-\-p-w C-{X-tb I-c-p-tX-ï-X-p-Å-q; C-sX-Ã-m-w X-tâ-X-m-sW-t¶-m X-m³ A-[-z-m-\-n -¨-p-ï-m-¡-n-b-X-m-sW-t¶-m a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-m-sX, X-s¶-¡-mÄ A-[-z-m-\-n-¨-hÀ-¡-v A-Ã-m-l-p H-¶-p-w \Â-I-n-b-n-sÃ-¶-p-w X-\-n-¡-v e-`-n-¨-X-v A-h-sâ H-u-Z-m-c-y-w sI-m-ï-p a-m-{X-a-m-sW-¶-p-w h-n-N-m-c-n-¡-p-I. F-t¸-mÄ th-W-sa-¦-n-e-p-w F-Ã-m-w \-ã-s¸-S-m-w. C-u N-n-´-b-m-W-v H-m-tc-m a-\-p-j-y-s\-b-p-w h-n-\-b-m-\-z-n-X-\-p-w kÂ-k-z-`-m-h-n-b-p-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-v.

H-c-n-¡Â {]-h-m-N-I-c-p-sS-b-S-p-¯-v N-n-e a-p-l-m-P-n-d-p-IÄ h-¶-p ]-d-ª-p. A³-k-z-m-d-p-IÄ R-§-sf-¡-mÄ D-j-m-d-m-b-n. A-h-c-p-w R-§-f-p-w \-n-k-v-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p, t\-m-¼-v t\-mÂ-¡-p-¶-p. ]-t£ A-hÀ a-m-{X-w k-z-Z-J \Â-I-p-I-b-p-w A-S-n-a-ta-m-N-\-w \Â-I-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p. R-§Ä-¡-v ]-W-a-n-Ã-m-¯-X-p sI-m-ï-v


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A-X-v k-m-[-y-a-m-I-p-¶-n-Ã. D-S-s\ \-_-n(k-z) F-Ã-m ^À-f-v \-n-k-v-I-m-c-ti-j-h-p-w a-p-¸-¯-n-a-q-¶-p {]-m-h-i-y-w k-p-_-v-l-m-\-Ã-m-l-v, AÂ-l-w-Z-p-e-n-Ã-m-l-v, A-Ã-m-l-p A-I-v-_À F-¶-v sN-m-Ã-m³ \-nÀ-tZ-i-w \Â-I-n. C-X-d-n-ª A³-k-z-m-d-p-I-f-p-w C-u Z-n-I-v-d-p-IÄ sN-m-Ã-m³ X-p-S-§-n. ]-c-m-X-n-b-p-a-m-b-n h-o-ï-p-w a-p-l-m-P-n-d-p-IÄ {]-h-m-N-I-c-p-sS-b-S-p-¯-v h-¶-t¸-mÄ A-h-n-S-p-¶-v ]-d-ª-p: ""A-X-v A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-sâ A-\-p-{K-l-a-m-W-v. A-h³ D-t±-i-n-¨-hÀ-¡-v A-h-\-X-v \Â-I-p-w.'' k-¼-¯-n-s\ C-§-s\ A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-sâ H-u-Z-m-c-y-a-m-b-n ]-c-n-N-b-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b [-m-c-m-f-w h-N-\-§Ä J-pÀ-B-\-n-e-p-w l-Z-o-k-n-e-p-w I-m-W-m-w. A-Y-h-m k-¼-¯-v A-\-p-{K-l-a-m-W-v, k-¼-m-Z-n-¡Â \-Ã-X-m-W-v, ]-t£ A-Ã-m-l-p-h-n-s\ H-mÀ-t¯ k-¼-m-Z-\-h-p-w h-n-\-n-tb-m-K-h-p-w D-ï-m-I-m-h-q F-¶-m-W-v C-u h-N-\-§Ä ]T-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

A-Ã-m-l-p C-ã-s¸-S-p-¶ c-q-]-¯-n-e-p-Å k-¼-m-Z-\-h-p-w h-n-\-n-tb-m-K-h-p-w I-¨-h-S-h-p-sa-Ã-m-w B-[-p-\-n-I te-m-I-¯-v F-{]-I-m-c-a-m-W-v k-m-[-y-a-m-I-p-I, C-¶-v I-m-W-p-¶ ]-e _-n-k-v-\-k-v {]-h-W-X-I-f-p-w C-k-v-e-m-a-n-I-a-m-b-n i-c-n-b-m-sW-¶-v ]-d-b-m-\-m-I-p-ta-m, A-Ã-m-l-p C-ã-s¸-S-p-¶ \-sÃ-m-c-p ]-W-¡-m-c-\-m-I-m³ F-s´-Ã-m-a-m-W-v B-[-p-\-n-I-h-g-n-IÄ X-p-S-§-n-b-h a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-p-¶-X-v \-n-t£-]-¯-n-te-¡-p-w I-¨-h-S-¯-n-te-¡-p-w C-d-§-p-¶ H-m-tc-m a-p-k-v-e-n-a-n-\-p-w ̂ À-f-v sF-\-m-W-v. A-Y-h-m h-y-à-n-K-X \-nÀ-_-Ô-_-m-[-y-X-b-m-W-v $



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H-c-p _-n-k-v\-k-v X-p-S-§-m³ th-ï-X-v ]-W-t¯-¡-m-f-[-n-I-w tI-m-a¬-sk³-k-m-W-v. ]-W-w

e-`-n-¡-m³ a-q-¶-v F-^-p-I-sf B-{i-b-n-¡-m-w. H-¶-v ^-m-a-n-e-n, c-ï-v {^³-U-v--k-v, a-q-¶-v ̂ -qÄ-k-v (A-Y-h-m _-n-kv-\-k-v X-p-S-§-m-\-p-Å tI-m-a¬-sk³-k-n-Ã. ]-t£ ]-W-a-p-ï-v. A-X-v G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w _-n-kv\-k-nÂ \-n-t£-]-n-¨-v e-m-`-a-p-ï-m-¡-W-sa-¶-v B-{K-l-a-p-Å-h-sc-b-m-W-v \-m-w ^-qÄ-k-v F-¶-X-v sI-m-ïÀ-Y-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-v.) k-m-[-m-c-W \-m-w D-t±-i-n-¡-p-¶

Aht_m[¡pdhmWv _nkn\kv NXn¡pgn-IfnÂhogm³ ImcWw. \nt£]IÀ¡pw aäpw th @

{]mYanI t_m[§sf¡pdn¨v.

b-m-k-nÀ ]-m-e-¡-m-s¯[email protected]

_-n-kn\-k-v\-n-t£-]-§-f-n-seXncbpwNp-gnbpw

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h-m-¡À-Y-a-Ã C-h-n-sS ̂ -q-f-n-\-p-Å-X-v "sN-d-n-b a-p-S-¡-p-a-p-XÂ sI-m-ï-v _-n-k-n-\-k-m-c-w-`-n-¨-v B c-w-K-¯-v a-n-I-¨ h-n-P-b-w t\-S-n-b H-c-p h-n-Z-K-v-[-sâ h-m-¡-p-I-f-m-W-n-X-v. A-h-k-m-\-w ]-d-ª ̂ -qÄ-k-n-s\-¡-p-d-n-¨-v AÂ-]-w I-m-c-y-§Ä ]-¦-p-sh-¡-m-w.

{]-h-m-k te-m-I-¯-v C-¯-c-w B-f-p-I-sf [-m-c-m-f-w I-m-W-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-w. AÂ-]-sa-s´-¦-n-e-p-w X-p-I k-p-c-£-n-X-a-m-b _-n-kv-\-k-nÂ \-n-t£-]-n-¨-v A-[-n-I h-c-p-a-m-\-w I-sï-¯-W-sa-¶-v B-{K-l-w X-oÀ-¯-p-w k-z-m-`-m-h-n-I-a-m-W-v. B-{K-l-¯-n-\-¸-p-d-w H-c-p _-n-kv\-k-v k-p-c-£-n-X-a-m-sW-¶-v F-§-s\ a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-m-sa-¶-X-n-s\-¡-p-d-n-¨-v h-n-Z-K-v-[-c-p-a-m-b-n B-i-b-h-n-\-n-a-b-w \-S-¯-n-b-p-w sN-¿-m³ t]-m-I-p-¶ _-n-k-v-\-k-n-s\-¡-p-d-n-¨-v I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n ]T-n-¨-p-w B c-w-K-t¯-¡-v I-m-se-S-p-¯-v sh-¡-p-¶-h-c-m-b-n-c-n-¡-n-Ã C¯c-¡mÀ. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-p X-s¶ \-n-t£-]-n-¡-p-¶ X-p-I \-ã-s¸-«-v X-o-c-m-¡-S-¯-nÂ I-p-S-p-§-n P-b-n-e-n-e-I-s¸-«-h-c-p-w B-Z-y-]-c-n-{i-a-¯-nÂ-X-s¶ I-m-e-p-h-g-p-X-p-t¼-mÄ P-o-h-s\-m-S-p-¡-p-¶-h-À hscbp ïv. ]-e-tc-b-p-w I-®-S-¨-p h-n-i-z-k-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w ta-m-l-\-h-m-K-v-Z-m-\-§-f-nÂ h-o-W-p-t]-m-h-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶ A-Ú-X-b-m-W-v ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w h-n-Ã-\-m-I-p-¶-X-v. \-n-t£-]-n-¡-p-¶ k-w-c-w-`-w X-oÀ-¯-p-w k-p-c-£-n-X-a-m-sW-¶-p-w \-ã-w k-w-`-h-n-¡-n-sÃ-¶-p-apÅ D-d-¸-p-I-f-n-e-m-W-v h-©-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v. ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v ]-m-e-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å ti-j-n-tb-m B-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-X-tb-m D-sï-¶-v ]-c-n-ti-m-[-¡-m³ \-n-t£-]-IÀ k-¶-²-a-m-I-p-¶-n-Ã. ]-c-n-N-b-¡-m-c-nÂ A-a-n-X-h-n-i-z-m-k-w ]-p-eÀ-¯-n I-p-c-p-¡-nÂ-s]-S-p-¶-h-c-p-a-p-ï-v.

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a-k-v--I-¯-nÂ \-S-¶ H-c-p k-w-`-h-w, \-n-e-h-nÂ e-m-`-I-c-a-m-b-n \-S-¶-p h-c-p-¶ ¢-o-\-n-w-K-v I-¼-\-n-b-n-te-¡-v \-n-t£-]-§Ä k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p-sh-¶-d-n-b-n-¨-v H-c-mÄ k-a-o-]-n-¨-p. 50,000 d-n-b-m-e-m-W-v (G-I-tZ-i-w H-c-p tI-m-S-n C-´-y³ c-q-]) sj-b-d-m-b-n \Â-tI-ï-X-v. B-d-p a-m-k-¯-n-\-p-Å-nÂ a-p-S-¡-p-¶-X-p-I e-m-`-a-m-b-n X-n-c-n-¨-pI-n-«-p-sa-¶-p-w ]-W-w H-c-n-¡-e-p-w \-ã-s¸-S-n-sÃ-¶ D-d-¸-p-w \Â-I-n. NÀ-¨-IÄ-¡-v _-Ô-p-h-m-b a-sä-m-c-p _-n-k-v\-k-v k-w-c-w-`-I-s\-b-p-w I-q-sS-¡-q-«-n. e-m-`-I-c-a-m-b-n {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ I-¼-\-n-sb-´-n-\-v sj-bÀ k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-p-w k-m-¼-¯-n-I k-l-m-b-w B-h-i-y-sa-¦-nÂ _-m-¦-n-s\ k-a-o-]-n-¨-p-I-q-tS F-¶-p-w A-t±-l-w k-w-i-b-w D-¶-b-n-¨-p. a-d-p-]-S-n-IÄ X-r-]-v -X-n-I-c-a-m-b-n tX-m-¶-m-¯-X-n-\-mÂ X-n-S-p-¡-¯-nÂ ]-W-w a-p-S-t¡-sï-¶-v _-Ô-p \-nÀ-tZ-i-n-¨-p.

B-g-v-N-IÄ-¡-p-ti-j-h-p-w NÀ-¨-IÄ ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-n-Ã. _-m-¦-n-s\ k-a-o-]-n-¨-p-sh-¶-p-w AÂ-]-w-I-q-S-n ]-W-w B-h-i-y-a-p-sï-¶-p-w A-d-n-b-n-¨-v I-£-n h-o-ï-p-w c-w-K-s¯-¯-n-sb-¦-n-e-p-w A-\-p-`-h-k-¼-¯-p-Å k-w-c-w-`-I-\-m-b _-Ô-p-h-n-sâ \-nÀ-tZ-i-w a-m-\-n-¨-v \-n-t£-]-¯-n-\-v X-b-m-d-m-b-n-Ã. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v A-t±-l-¯-n-\-v ]-W-w \-ã-s¸-«-n-Ã. \-n-t£-]-w tX-S-n h-¶-b-mÄ c-ï-v a-m-k-¯-n-\-p-Å-nÂ \-n-b-a-\-S-]-S-n-IÄ-¡-p h-n-t[-b-\-m-b-n. A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ _-m-¦-v tÌ-ä-v--saâ-v ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¨-t¸-mÄ A-h-I-m-i-s¸-«-X-\-p-k-c-n-¨-p-Å ]-W-a-n-S-]-m-S-p-IÄ I-sï-¯-m-\-m-b-n-Ã.

N-n-e s{]-m-^-j-\Â X-«-n-¸-p-I-mÀ H-c-p k-w-i-b-

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¯-n-\-p-w C-S \Â-I-m-¯-h-n-[-w h-n-Z-K-v-[-a-m-b-m-W-v s]-c-p-a-m-d-p-I. _-n-k-v\-k-v c-w-K-¯-v hÀ-j-§-f-p-sS A-\-p-`-h ]-c-n-N-b-a-p-Å-hÀ t]-m-e-p-w C-h-c-p-sS X-«-n-¸-n-\-n-c-b-m-I-p-w. b-p-F-C-b-nÂ h-n-k-b-p-Å N-n-eÀ H-a-m-\-nÂ k-µÀ-i-I h-n-k-b-nÂ-h-¶-v h-e-n-b H-m-^-o-k-p-w sk-ä-¸-p-a-m-b-n _-n-k-v-\-k-v \-S-¯-n a-p-§-n-b k-w-`-h-a-p-ï-v. a-p-g-p-h³ Ì-m-^-p-I-tf-b-p-w h-n-k-n-ä-v h-n-k-b-n-e-m-W-t{X sI-m-ï-ph-¶-X-v. ]-e {]-a-p-J tl-mÄ-sk-b-v- -te-g-v- -k-n-sâ A-S-p-¯-p-\-n-¶-p-w s{I-U-n-ä-n-\-v k-m-[-\-§-sf-S-p-¯-p. ]-e-c-p-w ]-p-X-n-b ]-mÀ-«-n-I-f-m-b-X-p-sI-m-ï-v A-h-c-p-sS s{I-U-n-_-n-e-n-ä-n ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¡-m³ _-m-¦-n-s\ k-a-o-]-n-¨-p. _-m-¦-p-a-m-b-p-Å C-S-]-m-S-p-IÄ s]À-s^-I-v-ä-m-sW-¶ a-d-p-]-S-n I-n-«-n-b-t¸-mÄ A-[-n-I-t]-c-p-w C-S-]-m-S-v \-S-¯-n. X-«-n-¸-p-I-mÀ Z-n-h-k-§Ä-¡-p-Å-nÂ tl-mÄ-sk-b-v--te-g-v--k-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w I-S-a-m-b-n h-m-§-n-b k-m-[-\-§Ä ]-I-p-X-n h-n-e-¡-v h-n-ä-v a-p-§-n. _-n-k-v\-k-n-sâ F-Ã-m D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-¯-h-p-w H-c-p h-y-à-n-b-n-e-m-b-X-n-\-mÂ A-t±-l-w A-{]-X-y-£-\-m-b-t¸-mÄ \-n-b-a-]-c-a-m-tb-m a-tä-m \-ã-s¸-« X-p-I X-n-c-n-¨-p]-n-S-n-¡-m-\-p-a-m-b-n-Ã. C-¯-c-sa-m-c-p X-«-n-¸-n-\-n-c-b-m-b a-e-b-m-f-n-¡-v \-ã-s¸-«-X-v 90 e-£-w C-´-y³ c-q-]-¡-v k-a-m-\-a-m-b X-p-I-b-m-W-v.

C-u-b-n-sS a-k-v - -I-¯-nÂ U-n-k-v - -t]-m-k-n-_-nÄ D-X-v-]-¶-§Ä h-nÂ-¡-p-¶ H-c-m-f-p-sS A-S-p-¯-v h-f-sc h-n-e-¡-p-d-h-nÂ, A-t±-l-w h-nÂ-¡-p-¶ A-tX D-X-v-]-¶-§-sf-¡-mÄ K-p-W-\-n-e-h-m-c-a-p-Å k-m-¼-n-f-p-I-f-p-a-m-b-n H-c-p ]-m-I-n-Ø-m-\-n k-a-o-]-n-¨-p. k-z-m-`-m-h-n-I-k-w-i-b-w tX-m-¶-n-sb-¦-n-e-p-w ]-c-o-£-W-mÀ-Y-w AÂ-]-w H-mÀ-UÀ \Â-I-n. s{I-U-n-ä-v \Â-I-m³

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]-m-I-n-Ø-m-\-n X-¿-m-d-Ã. sd-U-n I-y-m-j-v th-W-sa-¶-p-w AÂ-]-w-I-q-S-n h-n-e-I-p-d-¨-p \Â-I-m-sa-¶-p-w ]-d-ª-t¸-mÄ _-n-kv\-k-p-d-¸-n-¨-p. \Â-I-n-b _-nÂ ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¨-t¸-mÄ ]-´-n-tI-S-v tX-m-¶-n. s\-ä-nÂ ]-c-X-n-b-t¸-mÄ h-y-m-P-_-n-Ã-m-sW-¶-v t_-m-[-y-a-m-b-n. A-t¸-mÄ-X-s¶ ]-c-n-N-b-a-p-Å N-n-e tl-mÄ sk-b-v--te-g-v--k-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-«-t¸-m-g-m-W-v ]-e-b-n-S-¯-p-w C-tX t]-m-se _-w-K-m-f-n-b-p-w a-e-b-m-f-n-b-p-sa-m-s¡ h-¶ h-n-h-c-a-d-n-b-p-¶-X-v. C-u ta-J-e-b-n-se \-nÀ-a-m-X-m-¡-sf _-Ô-s¸-«-t¸-mÄ H-c-p S-o-w 400 t_-m-I-v--k-v U-n-k-v--t]-m-k-n-_-vÄ sF-ä-w-k-v s{I-U-n-ä-n-\-v h-m-§-n-b-X-m-b-n A-d-n-ª-p. s{I-U-n-ä-n-\-v h-m-§-p-¶ k-m-[-\-§Ä I-n-«-p-¶ h-n-e-¡-v h-n-ä-g-n-¨-v a-p-§-p-¶-X-m-W-v c-o-X-n. C-¯-c-w D-X-v-]-¶-§Ä h-m-§-p-¶-h-c-p-w I-p-c-p-¡-nÂ-s]-S-p-w.

k-w-c-w-`-I-c-p-sS k-m-¼-¯-n-I k-q-£-v-a-X-b-p-w _-n-kv-\-k-v c-w-K-s¯ {]-m-]-v-X-n-b-p-w h-n-i-z-m-k-y-X-b-p-w ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¨-p a-m-{X-w \-n-t£-]-w \-S-¯m\mIWw. h-y-h-Ø-I-f-p-w ]-W-w ssI-a-m-ä-h-p-sa-Ã-m-w tc-J-m-a-q-e-h-p-w \-n-b-a-h-n-t[-b-h-p-w k-m-£-n-I-f-p-sS k-m-¶-n-[-y¯ne-p-a-m-I-W-w. \-n-t£-]-w \-S-¯-p-¶ I-¼-\-n-b-p-sS _-m-e³-k-v j-o-ä-v, _-m-¦-v tÌ-ä-v--saâ-v F-¶-n-h sN-¡-v sN-¿-p-I-b-p-w s¢bâ-p-I-f-p-a-m-b-n k-w-k-m-c-n-¨-v D-d-¸-p-h-c-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w th-W-w. _-n-kv-\-k-v \-S-¯-p-¶ F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w X-«-n-¸-p-I-m-c-Ã. t\-c-p-w s\-d-n-b-p-w [Àa-t_m-[-hpapÅ-hÀ B ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-a-p-ï-v. ]-t£ A-hÀ A-a-n-X-e-m-`-ta-m A-t{]-m-tb-m-K-n-I D-d-¸-p-I-tf-m \Â-I-p-I-b-n-Ã.

{]-m-tb-m-K-n-I-a-m-b A-d-n-h-p-I-f-p-w ]T-\-§-f-p-w

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B-h-i-y-a-m-b a-p-s¶-m-c-p-¡-§-f-p-w \-S-¯-n _-p-²-n-]-qÀh-w \-nÀ-h-l-n -t¡-ï-X-m-W- v _-n -kv\-k- v. _-n-kv\-k-nÂ GÀ-s¸-S-p-¶ F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w h-n-P-b-n-¡-W-sa-¶-n-Ã. \-Ã B-te-m-N-\-IÄ \-S-¯-m-sX \-n-t£-]-w \-S-¯-p-I-tb-m I-ï-h-sc-sb-Ã-m-w I-®-S-¨-p h-n-i-z-k-n-¡-p-I-tb-m sN-¿-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-I. X-«-n-¸-p \-S-¯-W-sa-¶-v D-t±-i-y-a-n-sÃ-¦-n-e-p-w B-k-q-{X-W-¯-n-se-b-p-w \-S-¯-n-¸-n-se-b-p-w ]-m-f-n-¨-IÄ-sI-m-ï-v _-n-kv-\-k-v X-IÀ-¶-v t]-m-I-p-¶-h-c-p-a-p-ï-v. _-n-kv\-k-v \-S-¯-m-\-p-Å {]-m-]-v-X-n D-d-¸-ph-c-p-t¯-ï-X-v A-X-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v.

_-n-k-v\-k-v c-w-K-¯-v \-n-t£-]-§Ä \-S-¯-m-\-m-{K-l-n -¡-p-¶-hÀ-¡-v th-ï D-]-tZ-i-§-f-p -w a-mÀ-K-\-nÀ-tZ-i-§-f-p-w \Â-I-p-¶ h-n-Z-K-v -[-c-p-ï-v. A-¯-c-¯-nÂ A-\-p-`-h-¯-n-e-q-sS {]-m-tb-m-K-n-I A-d-n -h-p-IÄ BÀ-P-n-s¨-S-p -¯-h-c-p -sS D-]-tZ-i-§Ä h-f-sc-tb-sd K-p-W-w sN-¿-p-w. e-m-`-w a-m-{X-w h-m-K-v-Z-m-\-w sN-¿-p-¶-hÀ \-n-§-sf I-_-f-n-¸-n-¡-m³ k-m-[-y-X I-q-S-p-X-e-m-Wv. X-p-S-§-m³ t]-m-I-p-¶ _-n-kv\-k-v ta-J-e-b-nÂ h-n-P-b-n-¨-h-c-p-sS IT-n-\-m-[-z-m-\-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w k-aÀ-¸-W-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w h-g-n-IÄ \-a-p-¡-v I-r-X-y-a-m-b Z-n-i-m-t_-m-[-w \Â-I-p-w. [-r-X-n-b-n-se-S-p-¡-p-¶ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-§Ä A-]-I-z-a-m-I-m-sa-¶-X-n-\-mÂ C-u ta-J-e-b-nÂ A-d-n-h-p-Å-h-c-p-a-m-b-n I-q-S-n-b-m-te-m-N-\-IÄ \-S-¯-m³ a-S-n-¡-c-p-X-v $

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i-_-o-d-e-n: tI-m-h-n-U-v I-m-e-w A-k-m-[-m-c-W-a-m-b P-o-h-n-X-{I-a-s¯-b-m-W-v c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¯-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w, sX-m-g-nÂ F-¶-o ta-J-e-I-f-n-e-p-Å {]-X-y-£-a-m-b a-m-ä-§Ä-X-s¶ {]-I-S-a-m-I-p-¶-p. h-c-p-w-I-m-e-s¯ te-m-I {I-a-s¯ C-¯-c-w a-m-ä-§Ä G-X-v c-o-X-n-b-nÂ k-z-m-[-o-\-n-¡-p-sa-¶-X-v C-g-I-o-d-n NÀ-¨-sN-t¿-ï-X-v A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-sW-¶-v tX-m-¶-p-¶-p. a-\-p-j-y-sâ k-z-`-m-h-h-n -ti-j-W-¯-nÂ t]-m-e-p-w C-¶-v h-e-n-b a-m-ä-w h-¶-p-I-g-n-ª-p.

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kwkmcwInterview


"a-¨-m-s\.. a-m-a³ 2.sI A-S-n-¨-tÃ-m' F-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p tI-c-f-¯-nÂ c-ï-m-b-n-c-¯-n-e-[-n-I-w tI-m-h-n-U-v tI-k-p-IÄ d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-v sN-b-v-X B-K-k-v-X-v 19\-v ssh-I-p-t¶-c-w I-ï-p-a-p-«-n-b H-c-p h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-b-p-sS {]-X-n-I-c-W-w. C³-Ì-{K-m-w sse-¡-p-I-f-p-tS-b-p-w h-m-S-v--k-m-¸-v h-y-q-th-g-v--k-n-sâ-b-p-w I-W-¡-p-I-sf k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-te-¡-v tNÀ-¯v-sI-m-ï-v tI-m-h-n-U-n-sâ F-®-s¯ k-a-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ C-¶-hÀ-¡-v I-g-n-b-p-¶-p F-¶-m-W-v C-X-nÂ \-n-s¶-m-s¡ a-\-k-n-e-m-I-p-¶-X-v.

\-P-v-a-p-±-o³: h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k c-w-K-¯-p-w sX-m-g-nÂ ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-w a-m-{X-a-Ã, tI-m-h-n-U-v I-m-e-w F-Ã-m C-S-¯-p-w h-e-n-b a-m-ä-§-f-p-ï-m-¡-n F-¶-p-X-s¶ ]-d-tb-ï-n h-c-p-w. tI-m-h-n-U-m-\-´-c-w F-s¶-m-c-p h-m-¡-p-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ \-½Ä tI-m-h-n-U-n-t\-m-sS-m-¸-w F-¶-X-n-te-¡-v C-¶-v N-n-´-n-¡-m³ X-p-S-§-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v. B-tc-m-K-y-c-w-K-s¯ a-m-ä-§Ä {i-²-n-¨-p-t\-m-¡-q \-½-p-sS B-tc-m-K-y-w F-¶-X-v \-½-p-tS-X-v a-m-{X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-X-nÂ \-n-¶v A-X-v k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ-I-q-S-n D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-¯-a-m-b-n a-m-d-n-I-g-n-ª-p. C-h-n-sS h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-sf-b-p-w b-p-h-m-¡-sf-b-p-sa-m-s¡ \-n-c-´-c-a-m-b NÀ-¨-IÄ-¡-p-Å h-n-j-b-a-m-¡-n a-m-tä-ï-n-h-c-p-¶-p-ï-v. C-u Hm¬-sse³-h-X-vI-c-W-s¯ h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-f-p-w k-a-q-l-h-p-sa-m-s¡ F-§-s\-b-m-W-v k-z-o-I-c-n-¨-X-v F-¶-sX-m-c-p I-u-X-p-I-a-p-Å I-m-c-y-a-m-W-v. H-m¬-sse³ ¢-m-k-n-sâ-sb-m-s¡ ]-c-o-£-W-¯-n-sâ H-c-p L-«-w A-h-k-m-\-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ, c-£-n-X-m-¡Ä, A-[-y-m-]-IÀ C-h-c-p-sS-sb-m-s¡ A-\-p-`-h-§-sf I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n ]T-n-t¡-ï-X-p-ï-v.

kwkmcwInterview


i-_-o-d-e-n: X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-p-w C-sX-m-c-p ss]-e-ä-v Ì-U-n-t]-m-se-b-m-W-v \-S-¶-X-v. I-m-c-W-w ]-t¯-m ]-X-n-\-t©-m-hÀ-j-sa-S-p-¯-p-sI-m-ï-v \-nÀ-h-l-n-¡-s¸-tS-ï H-c-p a-m-ä-s¯ {Z-p-X-K-X-n-b-nÂ A-]-m-c-a-m-b H-c-p C-Ñ-m-i-à-n-tb-m-sS kÀ-¡-mÀ \-S-¸-m-¡-m³ {i-a-n-¨-p F-¶-X-v G-sd A-`-n-\-µ-\-mÀ-l-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v. tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ {K-m-a-m-´-c-o-£-¯-n-te-¡-p-w, F-´-n-\-X-n-I-w \-½-p-sS-sb-m-s¡ A-S-p-¡-f-b-n-te-¡-v h-sc H-m¬-sse³-h-X-v-I-c-W-¯-n-sâ C-S-s]-S-e-p-IÄ F¯n-b-n-«-p-ï-v.

\-P-v-a-p-±-o³: ]-m-c-¼-c-y-a-m-b-n A-\-p-hÀ-¯-n-¨-p-h-c-p-¶ H-c-p L-S-\-sb h-n-]-q-e-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I A-sÃ-¦-nÂ ]-p-\-x-{I-a-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I F-¶-X-n-\-¸-p-d-w h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k c-w-K-¯-v a-p³-a-m-X-r-I-I-f-n-Ã-m-¯ h-n-[-a-p-Å ]-p-X-n-b ]-c-o-£-W-§Ä-¡-v C-u L-«-s¯ D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-m-\-m-I-p-w F-¶-X-v X-s¶-b-m-W-v {]-tX-y-I-X. h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k c-w-K-¯-v ]-¯-m-w ¢-m-k-v, ¹-k-v-S-p, U-n-{K-n t]-m-e-p-Å h-n-h-n-[ L-«-§Ä I-g-n-ª-p-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-h-c-p-w C-X-p-t]-m-se H-c-p ]-c-o-£-W-h-k-v -X-p-¡-f-m-W-v. a-p³-I-g-n-ª-h-c-p-sS ]-m-X-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-b-n H-c-p ]-p-X-n-b h-g-n-b-n-e-q-sS k-©-c-n-t¡-ï-n-h-c-n-I-b-p-w C-h-sc h-c-p-w-I-m-e h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ a-m-X-r-I-b-m-b-n k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-w. h-c-p-w-I-m-e-¯-v ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w H-m¬-sse-\-n-te-¡-v h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k c-w-K-w tI-{µ-o-I-c-n-¡-m-\-p-Å k-m-[-y-X X-Å-n-¡-f-b-m-\-m-I-n-Ã. H-m¬-sse³ I-m-e-¯-v \-½Ä A-\-p-`-h-n-¨ ]-c-n-a-n-X-I-sf-I-q-S-n I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n A-{U-k-v sN-b-v-X-p-sI-m-ï-v t]-m-tI-ï-X-p-sï-¶-v tX-m-¶-p-¶-p.

i-_-o-d-e-n: H-c-p a-W-n-¡-q-d-v--sI-m-ï-v H-m-^-v--sse³

kwkmcwInterview


I-m-e-¯-v F-S-p-¯-n-c-p-¶ N-m-]-v-ä-d-p-IÄ 20 a-n-\-p-«-n-te-¡-p-w ]-¯-v a-n-\-p-«-n-te-¡-p-w N-p-c-p-§-n H-c-p I-y-m-]-v- -k-y-qÄ c-q-]-¯-n-e-m-¡-n-b-m-W-v \Â-I-p-¶-X-v.

\-P-v-a-p-±-o³: N-n-e-t¸-m-sg-s¡ ]-d-b-m-d-p-ï-v, C-u H-c-p I-m-e-¯-v h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ-¡-v H-c-p-]-m-S-v H-g-n-h-p k-a-b-§Ä e-`-n-¡-p-¶-p, G-I-m-´-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-sI-m-ï-v h-m-b-\-b-p-w ]T-\-h-p-sa-m-s¡ \-S-¡-p-sa-s¶-m-s¡. F-¶-mÂ h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-sf k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v k-m-a-q-l-n-I-a-m-b H-c-p C-S-¯-nÂ i-Ð-a-p-J-c-n-X-a-m-b H-c-p A-´-c-o-£-¯-nÂ ]-c-k-v-]-c-w tNÀ-¶-p-\-n-¶-p-sI-m-ï-v P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. C-t¸-mÄ ]-p-d-¯-v H-c-p k-m-a-q-l-n-I P-o-h-n-X-w ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p \-n-e-¡-p-I-b-p-w _-l-f-§-f-n-Ã-m-X-m-I-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-e-q-sS A-I-¯-n-c-p-¶-p-sI-m-ï-v F-§-s\-b-m-W-v A-hÀ G-I-m-´-X-sb B-k-z-Z-n-¡-p-I F-s¶-m-c-p tN-m-Z-y-a-p-b-c-p-¶-p-ï-v. tk-m-j-yÂ sse-^-n-Ã-m-¯ H-c-p t]-g-v--k-\Â sse-^-n-s\-¡-p-d-n-¨-v h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ-¡-v k-¦Â-]-n-¡-m-\-m-I-p-¶-n-Ã. A-t¸-m-g-p-w k-m-a-q-l-y-a-m-[-y-§Ä k-P-o-h-a-m-b-n \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v C-u {]-i-v--\-s¯ h-e-n-b H-c-f-h-nÂ ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-m-\-m-I-p-¶-p F-¶-X-v h-m-k-v-X-h-w X-s¶. A-tX-m-tS-m-¸-w h-o-S-p-IÄ-¡-I-¯-v H-X-p-¡-n-b-n-c-p-¯-n-b h-n-Z-ymÀ-Y-n-I-f-p-sS a-m-\-k-n-I k-½À-Z-h-p-w \-½Ä G-sd K-u-c-h-t¯-m-sS I-m-tW-ï-X-p-ï-v.

i-_-o-d-e-n: ]T-\-c-w-K-¯-v h-¶ a-sä-m-c-p a-m-ä-w ]-g-b-I-m-e-s¯ A-t]-£-n-¨-v F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w ]T-n-¡-m³ X-b-m-d-m-I-p-¶-p F-¶-X-v X-s¶-b-m-W-v. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v-X-s¶ ]T-\ ta-J-e h-e-n-sb-m-c-p a-Õ-c-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X-a-m-b H-c-p te-m-I-a-m-b-n C-¶-v a-m-d-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v.

kwkmcwInterview


sX-m-g-nÂ c-w-K-t¯-¡-v I-S-¶-p-h-c-p-¶ k-m-l-N-c-y-s¯ a-p³-\-nÀ-¯-n-b-p-Å A-t\-z-j-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w C-X-v I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-p-w. H-mÀ-a-b-nÂ h-c-p-¶-X-v 2014 þ15 se I-¼-\-n A-k-n-Ìâ-v ]-c-o-£-b-p-sS H-c-p I-«-v H-m-^-v sd-©-v 44þ 45 B-b-n-c-p-¶-p. 2018te-¡-v F-¯-p-t¼-m-tg-¡-v C-X-v 74þ 75te-¡-v F-¯-p-¶-p. a-Õ-c-n-¡-p-¶ h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-f-p-sS F-®-¯-nÂ h-e-n-b a-m-ä-§Ä k-w-`-h-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v F-¶-X-v G-sd {]-X-o-£-b-m-W-v. A-sX-m-sS-m-¸-w C-hÀ-s¡-Ã-m-hÀ-¡-p-w sX-m-g-nÂ sI-m-S-p-¡-m-\-p-Å k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä \-n-e-h-n-e-p-tï-m F-¶-X-nÂ A-{X-X-s¶ B-i-¦-b-p-w \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v.

\-P-v-a-p-±-o³: tI-m-g-v--k-p-IÄ sk-e-Î-v sN-¿-p-¶-n-S-¯-p-w C-u a-m-ä-w {]-I-S-a-m-W-v. G-ä-h-p-w \-Ã-X-v k-b³-k-v F-¶ s]-m-X-p-t_-m-[-¯-n-sâ \-nÀ-a-n-X-n-b-nÂ \-n-s¶-m-s¡ a-m-d-n h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ X-s¶ A-hÀ-¡-v th-ï-X-v X-n-c-sª-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-te-¡-v F-¯-n F-¶-p-Å-X-v G-sd {]-k-à-a-m-W-v. F-sâ H-c-p A-\-p-`-h-¯-nÂ X-s¶ a-p-g-p-h³ H-m-]-v-j-\-p-w l-y-p-a-m-\-n-ä-o-k-v sI-m-S-p-¯-n-«-p-w ]-¯-m-¢-m-k-nÂ I-p-d-¨-v a-mÀ-¡-v

kwkmcwInterview


e-`-n-¨-p F-¶-X-n-sâ t]-c-nÂ k-b³-k-m-W-v \-n-§-sf-m-s¡ ]T-n-t¡-ï-X-v F-¶-v A-[-y-m-]-IÀ t]-m-e-p-w ]-d-b-p-I-b-p-w A-X-n-te-¡-v a-m-ä-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p. C-t¸-mÄ H-mÀ-¡-p-t¼-mÄ ]-m-g-m-b-n-t¸-m-b c-ï-p-hÀ-j-w F-¶-Ã-m-sX a-sä-m-¶-p-w A-X-n-e-n-Ã. A-X-m-b-X-v \-½-p-sS k-z-´-a-m-b X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-n-\-v B-k-a-b-¯-v {]-k-à-n C-Ã-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. F-¶-mÂ C-t¸-mÄ h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ-¡-m-b-n h-n-«-p-sI-m-S-p-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-X-v {]-X-o-£-b-m-W-v. F-¶-mÂ t]-m-e-p-w C-t¸-m-g-p-w h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ F-¶-X-v H-c-p ]-W-w I-m-b-v-¡-p-¶ a-c-§-f-m-W-v F-¶-p-I-c-p-X-p-¶ c-£-n-X-m-¡-f-p-w D-ï-v.

\-P-v-a-p-±o³: c-m-P-y-s¯ B-Z-y-s¯ h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k I-½-o-j-\-m-b tI-m-¯-m-c-n I-½-o-j³ d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-v B-c-w-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-v X-s¶ H-c-p c-m-P-y-w \-nÀ-a-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v A-X-n-\-I-¯-p-Å ¢-m-k-v-a-p-d-n-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-m-W-v F-¶-p ]-d-ª-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v. C-¯-c-¯-n-e-p-Å k-m-a-q-l-n-I-a-m-b B-te-m-N-\-I-f-n-te-¡-v h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ I-q-S-p-X-e-m-b-n I-S-¶-p-h-tc-ï-X-p-W-v. {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-p-w tI-m-h-n-U-v-I-m-e-¯-v. \-½-f-Ã-m-¯, A-]-c-s\-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å B-te-m-N-\-IÄ \-½--nÂ \-n-¶v D-ï-m-b-n-h-c-W-w A-t¸-m-g-m-W-v \-mw k-m-a-q-l-n-I {]-X-n-_-²-X-b-p-f-f H-c-p h-n-`-m-K-a-m-I-p-¶-X-v.

i-_-o-d-e-n: NEPb-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-«v h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-f-p-sS C-S-s]-S-e-p-IÄ F-{X-a-m-{X-w D-ï-m-b-n F-¶-X-v NÀ-¨ X-s¶-b-m-W-v. F-¦-nÂ A-S-p-¯-n-sS ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-w X-b-m-d-m-¡-nb ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n h-n-c-p-²-a-m-b C-sF-F t`-Z-K-X-n h-n-Ú-m-]\-¯-n-s\-X-n-sc k-m-a-q-l-y-a-m-[-y-a-§Ä D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-v {]-X-n-tj-[-n-¨-X-nÂ h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ h-e-n-b td-mÄ h-l-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v F-¶-v F-\-n-¡-v

kwkmcwInterview


tX-m-¶-p-¶-p.\-P-v-a-p-±-o³: C-sF-F h-n-j-b-¯-nÂ tI-mÀ-]-

td-ä-p-I-tf-m-S-v tNÀ-¶-v \-nÂ-¡-p-¶ a-m-[-y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\-¯-n-\-v H-c-n-¡-e-p-w H-c-p h-e-n-b k-v--t]-k-v \Â-I-n h-n-j-b-w D-bÀ-¯-n-sI-m-ï-p-h-c-m³ I-g-n-b-n-Ã F-¶-X-v X-oÀ-¨-b-m-W-v. H-¸-w C-¶-v a-m-[-y-a-§Ä h-mÀ-¯-I-f-p-w A-P-ï-I-f-p-w {Sâ-p-I-f-p-w k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v k-m-a-q-l-n-I a-m-[-y-a-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-m-W-v. ̂ -m-b-n-k-n-s\-sb-m-s¡ A-h-tc-sä-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-v A-§-s\-b-m-W-tÃ-m. H-c-p ]-t£ k-m-a-q-l-n-I-a-m-[-y-a-§Ä-¡-I-¯-v {Sâ-m-I-p-¶-X-v H-c-p h-mÀ-¯-¡-p-Å I-\-a-n-Ã-m-¯-X-m-sW-¦-nÂ t]-m-e-p-w A-X-p-sI-m-S-p-¡-m³ am[y-a-§-Ä \-nÀ-_-Ô-n-X-a-m-I-p-¶ k-m-l-N-c-y-w t]-m-e-p-w C-¶-pï-v. k-m-a-q-l-n-I-a-m-[-y-a-§Ä-¡-p-Å k-z-m-[-o-\-w A-{X-a-m-{X-a-m-W-v.

i-_-o-d-e-n: k-a-c c-o-X-n-IÄ H-m¬-sse³ ¹-m- ävt^-m-a-n-te-¡-v a-m-d-p-¶ A-h-k-c-§-f-nÂ A-X-n-sâ a-qÀ-¨ \-ã-s¸-S-p-¶-p-tï-m A-sÃ-¦-nÂ A-X-n-sâ {]-m-[-m-\-y-w \-ã-s¸-S-p-¶-p-tï-m F-¶-p-Å-sX-m-s¡

kwkmcwInterview


h-e-n-sb-m-c-p k-w-i-b-a-m-b-n _-m-¡-n \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p-. I-o-g-m-f hÀ-K-¯-n-sâ k-a-c-§-sf-m-s¡ h-tc-W-y hÀ-K-w G-sä-S-p-¡-p-t¼-m-g-p-ï-m-I-p-¶ N-n-e {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-IÄ.

\-P-v-a-p-±-o³: k-a-c-§Ä H-m¬-sse³ ¹-m-ä-v t^-m-a-n -\-I-t¯-¡-v h-c-p-t¼-mÄ A-X-n-e-p-ï-m-I-p-¶ h-e-n-b k-m-[-y-X a-p-J-y-[-m-c a-m-[-y-a-§-f-S-¡-a-p-Å-X-n-s\ C-u k-a-c-¯-n-sâ ̀ -m-K-a-m-¡-n a-m-ä-m³ I-g-n-b-p-w F-¶-p-Å-X-m-W-v. sX-c-p-h-p-I-f-nÂ \-S-¡-p-¶ {]-t£-m-`-§Ä ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w {i-²-n-¡-s¸-S-m-sX t]-m-I-m-d-m-W-v ]-X-n-h-v. a-e-¸-p-d-w P-n-Ã-b-n-se I-m-¡-t©-c-n-b-nÂ c-ï-m-b-n-c-w Z-n-h-k-¯-n-e-[-n-I-a-m-b-n \-S-¶-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-p k-a-c-w C-¶-p-h-sc H-c-p a-p-J-y-[-m-c-m a-m-[-y-a-h-p-w d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-v sN-b-v-X-n-«-n-Ã. F-¶-mÂ C-sX-Ã-m-w tk-m-j-yÂ a-o-U-n-b-I-f-n-te-¡-v I-q-S-p-X-e-m-b-n h-c-p-¶-tX-m-sS A-h-c-p-w C-¯-c-w k-a-c-§Ä G-sä-S-p-¡-m³ \-nÀ-_-Ô-n-X-c-m-I-p-w F-¶-X-m-W-v h-k-v-X-p-X. {^-©-p-h-n-¹-h-w a-p-X-Â te-m-I-w a-m-ä-n-a-d-n-¨ h-n-¹-h k-a-c-§-f-n-se-Ã-m-w h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ \-nÀ-h-l-n-¨ k-m-¶-n-[-y-w h-f-sc h-e-p-X-m-W-v. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v ̂ -m-j-n-Ì-p-I-f-p-sS a-p-J-y-{]-X-n-]-£-¯-v F-t¸-m-g-p-w h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ I-S-¶-p-h-c-p-¶-X-v. F-´-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ C-§-s\ k-a-c-c-w-K-t¯-¡-v F-S-p-¯-n-d-§-p-¶-X-v F-¶-v t\-m-¡-p-t¼-mÄ a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-p-¶-X-v H-c-p D-tZ-y-m-K-Ø-\-m-sW-¦-nÂ A-b-m-f-p-sS/A-h-f-p-sS D-tZ-y-m-K-w \-ã-s¸-S-p-ta-m F-¶ `-b-a-p-ï-m-I-p-w. A-[-n-I-m-c-¯-n-e-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-m-sW-¦-nÂ A-h-c-p-sS A-[-n-I-m-c-s¯ F-§-s\ _-m-[-n-¡-p-w F-¶-v t]-

kwkmcwInterview


S-n-b-p-ï-m-I-p-w. C-\-n H-c-p _-n-k-v-\-k-p-I-m-c-\-m-sW-¦-nÂ A-h-c-p-sS _-n-k-v-\-k-n-s\ C-tX-X-p-c-q-]-¯-nÂ _-m-[-n-¡-p-w F-¶-v B-te-m-N-n-t¡-ï-n-h-c-p-w. h-n-Z-y-mÀ-°-n-I-sf k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v a-p-I-f-nÂ B-I-m-i-w X-m-sg `-q-a-n F-¶-X-p-a-m-{X-a-m-W-v B-te-m-N-n-¡-m-\-p-Å-X-v. C-sX-m-c-p h-e-n-b k-m-[-y-X-b-m-W-v. C-u k-m-[-y-X-sb I-m-w-]-k-n-\-I-¯-p-Å h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n k-w-L-S-\-IÄ-¡-v F-§-s\-b-W-v D-uÀ-Pambn D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-m³ ]-ä-p-¶-X-v F-¶-v A-t\-z-j-n-t¡-ï-X-p-ï-v.

i-_-o-d-e-n: h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-f-p-sS D-uÀ-P-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-v ]-d-b-p-t¼-mÄ c-N-\-m-]-c-a-m-b-p-w k-m-l-n-X-y-]-c-a-m-bpw DÅ I-g-n-h-p-I-sf, k-v--s]-k-n-^-n-I-v B-b-n ]-d-ª-mÂ I-m-w-]-k-v a-m-K-k-n-\-p-I-sf N-n-«-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-n-S-¯-v A-X-n-sâ H-c-p h-y-m-]-v-X-n \-a-p-¡-v ZÀ-i-n-¡-m-\-m-I-p-w. 1966e-m-W-v sI.P-n i-¦-c-¸-n-Å sI-m-Ã-s¯ F-k-v-F³ tI-m-tf-P-nÂ ]T-n-¡p-¶-X-v. A-¶-t±-l-w ]-d-ª-X-v, F-sâ U-y-q-«-n F-U-n-ä-d-m-h-p-I, F-U-n-tä-m-

kwkmcwInterview


d-n-b-e-p-IÄ F-g-p-X-p-I, F-U-n-ä-d-Ã-m-X-m-I-p-I F¶o a-q-¶-v {I-a-¯-n-e-q-sS-b-m-W-v a-p-t¶-m-«-v t]-m-I-p-¶-X-v F-¶-X-m-W-v. A-X-nÂ \-n-s¶-m-s¡ a-m-d-n I-m-w-]-k-v a-m-K-k-n-\-p-I-Ä H-c-p F-g-p-¯-n-sâ c-m-{ã-o-b-s¯ {]-X-n-^-e-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v F-¶-X-v {i-t²-b-a-m-W-v.

\-P-v-a-p-±-o³: h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ/b-p-h-m-¡Ä-¡-n-S-b-nÂ c-m-{ã-o-b-t¯-m-S-v H-c-p h-n-c-à-n h-c-p-¯-p-¶-X-nÂ a-p-J-y-[-m-c I-£-n-c-m-{ã-o-b ]-mÀ-«-n-IÄ-¡-v h-e-n-sb-m-c-p ]-¦-p-ï-v F-¶-v X-s¶-b-m-W-v F-sâ h-n-i-z-m-k-w. s]-m-X-p-h-n-e-p-Å H-c-p k-w-k-m-c-¯-nÂ t]-m-e-p-w H-c-p ]-²-X-n-tb-m-S-v A-sÃ-¦-nÂ H-c-p h-n-I-k-\-t¯-m-S- v G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w Xc-¯-nÂ tb-m-P-n-t¨-m h-n-tb-m-P-n-t¨-m k-w-k-m-c-n-¨-mÂ D-S-\-S-n A-hÀ X-n-c-n-¨-p tN-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶ tN-m-Z-y-w \-n-§-f-p-sS c-m-{ã-o-b-sa-´-m-W-v F-¶-p-Å-X-m-W-v. B k-a-b-w \-½-p-sS c-m-{ã-o-b \-n-e-]-m-S-p-I-sf I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n ]-d-ª-p-sI-m-S-p-¯-mÂ t]-m-e-p-w A-hÀ X-r-]-v-X-c-Ã, ]-n-s¶-b-p-w A-hÀ tN-m-Z-n-¡-p-I, \-n-§-f-p-sS c-m-{ã-o-b ]-mÀ-«-n G-X-m-sW-¶-v. C-u tN-m-Z-y-w h-c-p-¶-X-v tN-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶ tN-m-Z-y-¯-n-\-p-Å {]-X-n-I-c-W-w F-¶-X-n-e-¸-p-d-w \-n-§-f-p-w C-sX-m-s¡ sN-¿-p-¶-p-ï-tÃ-m F-¶-v k-a-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ th-ï-n-b-m-W-v. A-X-m-b-X-v A-hÀ-¡-v b-Y-mÀ-Y c-m-ã-v-{S-o-b-¯-n-sâ ̀ -m-K-a-m-b-n C-sX-m-t¶-p-w ]-d-b-m-\-d-n-b-n-Ã F-¶-p-X-s¶-b-m-W-v. C-u H-c-p L-«-¯-n-e-m-W-v b-p-h-m-¡-f-nÂ t\-c-n-sâ c-m-{ã-o-b-w F-´-m-sW-¶-v I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n ]-d-ª-p-sI-m-S-p-t¡-ïXv. tI-m-h-n-U-v I-m-e-¯-v t]-m-e-p-w \-½-p-sS a-p-J-y-[-m-c-m c-m-{ã-o-b ]-mÀ-«-n-I-f-p-sS t\-X-r-X-z-¯-n-e-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ t]-m-e-p-w ]-d-b-m-d-p-Å-X-v C-h-n-sS c-m-

kwkmcwInterview


{ã-o-b-w ]-d-b-c-p-X-v, C-X-nÂ c-m-{ã-o-b-w I-f-n-¡-c-p-X-v F-s¶-m-s¡-b-m-W-v.

i-_-o-d-e-n: c-m-{ã-o-b-h-p-w c-m-{ã-o-b I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-p-Ifpw F-§-s\ B-I-W-w F-¶-X-n-s\¡-p-d-n-¨-v k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ a-p-J-y-[-m-c-b-nÂ X-s¶ \-Ã B-te-m-N-\-I-f-p-w k-w-h-m-Z-§-f-p-w C-\-n-b-p-w \-S-t¡-ï-X-p-ï-v. {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-v c-m-P-y-w G-I-i-o-e-m-ß-I-a-m-b H-c-p A-´-c-o-£-¯-n-te-¡-v \-o-§-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ A-h-k-c-¯-nÂ A-X-n-\-I-¯-n-c-p-¶-v h-n-¹-h-¯-n-\-v tI-m-¸-p-I-q-t«-ï h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-f-nÂ A-c-m-{ã-o-b-X h-c-p-¶-X-n-s\ K-u-c-h-t¯-m-sS I-m-W-m³ \-a-p-¡-m-I-W-w. A-X-p-w h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ-¡-v taÂ ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-¯-n-sâ \-n-c-o-£-W-I-®-p-IÄ D-WÀ-¶-p-{]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ I-m-e-a-m-W-n-X-v F-t¶-mÀ-¡-W-w.

\-P-v-a-p-±-o³: 24/25 h-b-k-p-Å H-c-p h-y-à-n-sb I-m-W-p-t¼-mÄ B-Z-y-w X-s¶ tN-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶-X-v \-n-§-f-p-sS h-n-h-m-l-sa-´-m-b-n F-¶-X-m-W-v. A-h-c-p-sS ]T-\-w, I-c-n-bÀ, sX-m-g-nÂ F-¶-X-n-s\-I-p-d-n-¨-p-Å tN-m-Z-y-§Ä I-S-¶-p-h-c-p-¶-tX-b-n-Ã. F-¦-nÂ t]-m-e-p-w N-n-e-b-n-S-§-f-nÂ I-m-W-p-¶ a-m-ä-§Ä {]-X-o-£-\Â-I-p-¶-X-m-W-v. {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-v k-b³-k-v F-¶ H-c-p k-v-{S-o-a-n-te-¡-v a-m-{X-w H-X-p-§-n-b-n-c-p-¶, A-sX-m-c-p Ì-m-ä-k-n-sâ {]-X-o-I-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶ I-m-e-¯-v \-n-¶-p-w a-m-d-n H-c-p t]-g-v--k-WÂ sk-e-£-\-n-te-¡-v A-X-nÂ X-s¶ a-m-\-h-n-I h-n-j-b-§Ä-¡-v \-Ã-]-c-n-K-W-\ \Â-I-n-sI-m-ï-p-X-s¶ a-m-d-n-h-c-p-¶-p-ï-v. sX-m-g-nÂ c-w-K-¯-p-w C-X-n-sâ- K-p-W-]-c-a-m-b {]-X-n-^-e-\-w `-m-h-n-b-nÂ ZÀ-i-n-¡-m-\-m-I-p-w. A-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w A-h-c-h-c-p-sS k-z-X-z-w \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-n-sI-m-ï-p- I-m-w-]-k-n-

kwkmcwInterview


\-I-¯-p-w ]-p-d-¯-p-sa-m-s¡ F-Ã-m A-]-IÀ-j-I-X-z-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w ]-p-d-¯-p-I-S-¡-m³ ]-p-X-n-b X-e-a-p-d {i-a-n-¡-p-¶-p. h-k-v -{X-[-m-c-W-b-n-e-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w B-i-b B-ZÀ-i-§-f-n-e-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w F-Ã-m-w h-y-à-n-X-z-w D-bÀ-¯-n-¸-n-S-n-¡-m³ A-hÀ k-¶-²-c-m-W-v. A-X-p-t]-m-se-X-s¶-b-m-W-v B-U-w-`-canÃmsX H-c-p k-m-[-m-c-W h-y-à-n-b-m-b-n P-o-h-n-¡-p-I F-¶-X-v h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-se H-c-p {Sâ-m-W-n-¶-v.

i-_-o-d-e-n: A-]-IÀ-j-I-X-z-s¯ ]-d-b-p-t¼-mÄ I-m-w-]-k-n-\-I-¯-v a-X-P-o-h-n-X-w \-b-n-¡-p-I F-¶-p-Å-X-v ]-g-©-\-m-b-p-w a-m-ä-n-\-nÀ-¯-s¸-«-h-c-m-b-p-w I-W-¡-m-¡-n-b-n-c-p-¶ H-c-p I-m-e-L-«-¯ nÂ \-n-¶v A-sX-Ã-m-w B-ß-m-`-n-a-m-\-t¯-m-sS-b-p-w B-ß-h-n-i-z-m-k-t¯-m-sS-b-p-w k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w th-j-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-n-e-p-w B-i-b-m-ZÀ-i-§-f-n-e-p-w ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w h-n-i-z-m-k-n-b-m-b-n P-o-h-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-X-v h-y-à-n-k-z-m-X-{´-y-¯-n-sâ ̀ -m-K-a-m-sW-¶-v I-m-W-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-m-W-v ]-p-X-n-b-I-m-e I-m-w-]-k-p-IÄ.

a-X-a-n-Ã-m-¯ P-o-h³ F-¶-X-n-\-¸-p-d-w a-X-a-pÄ-s¡-m-ï-p-sI-m-ï-p-Å H-c-p P-o-h-s\ I-m-w-]-k-p-IÄ B-h-n-j-v - -I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. \-n-e-h-nÂ \-½Ä D-Å C-S-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-sI-m-ï-v-X-s¶ A-¡-m-Z-a-n-I-v c-w-K-¯-p-w k-m-a-q-l-n-I k-m-w-k-v--I-m-c-n-I c-w-K-¯-p-w ]-c-a-m-h-[-n F-¯-n-¸-n-S-n-¡-m-\-m-I-p-w F-¶-v t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p-ï-v. a-tX-X-c k-a-q-l-¯-n-\-v H-c-p I-m-w-]-k-v \Â-I-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ h-e-n-sb-m-c-p P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-k-tµ-i-w-I-q-S-n-b-m-W-n-X-v. A-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w ]-p-tc-m-K-a-\-¯-n-sâ C-S-§-sf-¶-v h-n-ti-j-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ a-p-J-y-[-m-c NÀ-¨-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w a-m-[-y-a NÀ-¨-I-f-nÂ

kwkmcwInterview


\-n-s¶-m-s¡ a-q-e-y-§Ä \-ã-s¸-S-p-I-b-p-w h-mÀ-¯-IÄ tI-h-e-a-m-b-n h-mÀ-s¯-S-p-¡-p-¶ h-m-k-v-X-h-§Ä \-ã-s¸-« N-h-d-p-I-f-m-b-n-a-m-d-p-¶ I-m-g-v-N-b-p-w a-d-p-`-m-K-¯-p-ï-v.

\-P-v-a-p-±-o³: h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-f-p-sS tI-m-g-v- -k-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-« I-m-c-y-§-f-n-te-¡-v I-S-¶-mÂ, H-¶-p-I-q-S-n k-v--s]-j-sse-k-v sN-¿-p-I F-¶-X-n-te-¡-v F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w G-sd-¡-p-sd F-¯-n-I-g-n-ª-p. H-c-p-]-m-S-v K-p-W-§-f-p-w A-X-p- t]-m-se- N-n-e ]-c-n-a-n-X-n-I-f-p-w C-X-n-\-p-sï-¶-v tX-m-¶-p-¶-p. C-u k-v--s]-j-sse-tk-j-\-p ]-n-¶-n-se X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-m-W-v G-sd c-k-I-c-w. H-c-p {]-tX-y-I k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-nÂ A-´-m-c-m-{ã a-mÀ-I-ä-nÂ G-ä-h-p-a-[-n-I-w tP-m-e-n k-m-[-y-X- ssI-h-¶ ta-J-e-IÄ, G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w k-n-\-n-a-I-f-nÂ I-Y-m-]-m-{X-§Ä sN-¿-p-¶ tP-m-e-n-IÄ C§s\-sbms¡ tI-m-g-v - -k-v sk-e-Î-v sN-¿-p-¶ coXn C-¶-v \-n-e-h-n-e-pï-v.

i-_-o-d-e-n: AsX, tI-c-f-¯-nÂ h-f-sc I-p-d-ª sX-m-g-e-h-k-c-§-f-p-Å-X-p-w H-c-p tI-m-tf-P-p-t]-m-e-p-a-n-Ã-m-¯-X-p-a-m-b _-n-F-k-vk-n t^-m-d³-k-n-I-v k-b³-k-v ]T-n-¡-m³ H-c-p k-n-\-n-a-¡-v ti-j-w F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w I-q-Sn X-n-c-¡-v I-q-«-n-bncp¶p $

kwkmcwInterview

j-_-o-d-e-n ]-¿-\-m-S-vI-m-e-n-¡-ä-v F³ sF S-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w _-n-sS-I-v ]-qÀ-¯-n-b-m-¡-n C-K-v -t\-m F-w-_-n-F h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-b-m-W-v.

\-P-v-a-p-±-o³ k-n.sIa-e-b-m-f-w kÀ-h-I-e-m-i-m-e-b-nÂ F³-h-n-tb-m¬-saâ-v k-v-ä-U-o-k-nÂ ]-n F-¨-v U-n sN-¿-p-¶-p.

C-c-p-h-c-p-w F-k-v-F-k-v F-^-v tÌ-ä-v I-m-w-]-k-v k-n³-U-n-t¡-ä-v A-w-K-§-f-m-W-v.



{]-X-y-£ {]-[-n-tj-[-§Ä-¡-v I-g-n-b-m-¯ \-n-e-h-n-se k-m-l-N-c-y-s¯ a-p-X-se-S-p-¯-v

te-m-I-v U-u¬ k-a-b-¯-v {]-J-y-m-]-n-X-a-m-b c-ï-v {]-[-m-\ h-n-Ú-m-]-\-§-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p C-sF-F I-c-S-p-w tZ-i-o-b h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k \-b-h-p-w. NÀ-¨-I-f-p-w B-te-m-N-\-I-f-p-w G-sd th-ï-n-h-c-p-¶ C-¯-c-w \-b-§Ä

tImÀ]tdäpXmXv]cy§fpw {_mÒWt_m[§-fpwGäp]nSn¡p¶ ]pXnb CsFF, F³-C-]n

\nba§sf kw_Ôn¨pÅ Btem-N-\IÄ.

^m¯na kZoZ sF¡-çSn

CsFF,F³-C-]-nh-m-W-n-P-y-þ-h-tc-W-y-hÂ-I-c-W-w

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[-r-X-n-]-n-S-n-¨-v \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m³ H-c-p-§-p-¶-p F-¶-X-v A-{X \-n-j-v-I-f-¦-a-Ã. ̀ -q-c-n-]-£-h-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c-h-p-w ssI-b-n-e-p-f-f-hÀ ]-mT-y-]-²-X-n-b-nÂ X-§-f-p-sS {]-X-y-b-i-m-k-v-{X-h-p-w X-m-e-v-]-c-y-§-f-p-w A-S-n-t¨Â-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-w a-q-e-[-\ i-à-n-I-f-p-a-m-b-n I-q-«-v tNÀ-¶-v ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n-sb N-q-j-W-w sN-¿-m-\-p-a-p-Å {i-a-§Ä F-Ã-m I-m-e-¯-p-w \-S-¶-n-«-p-ï-v. B-[-n-]-X-y-`-c-W-I-q-S X-m-X-v-]-c-y-§-sf k-z-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ ]-m-I-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v C-X-n-sâ-sb-m-s¡ ]-n-¶-nÂ.

C-sF-F I-c-S-vh-n-Ú-m-]-\-¯-n-\-v]-n¶-nÂ

H-c-p h-n-I-k-\/ \-nÀ-a-m-W s{]-m-P-Î-n-sâ k-m-a-q-l-n-I-h-p-w ]-m-c-n-Ø-n-X-n-I-h-p-a-m-b {]-X-y-m-L-m-X-§Ä h-n-i-I-e-\-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b H-c-p I-q-«-w N-«-§Ä B-W-v ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n B-L-m-X ]T-\-w (E nvironmental Impact Assessment). ]-²-X-n-b-p-sS K-p-W-þ-tZ-m-j-§Ä ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¨-v a-e-n-\-o-I-c-W-¯-n-t\-m {]-I-r-X-n-b-n-se B-h-m-k h-y-h-Ø \-i-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-t\-m {]-I-r-X-n h-n-`-h-§Ä If¦-s¸-Sp-¯p¶-X-n-t\-m I-m-c-W-a-m-¡-p-¶ L-S-I-§-sf I-sï-¯-n \-S-]-S-n-IÄ ssI-s¡-m-Å-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v C-¯-c-w ]T-\-§-f-p-sS e-£-y-w. ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n P-\-I-o-b k-a-c-§Ä \-n-c-h-[-n \-S-¶-n-«-p-Å tI-c-f-¯-nÂ ssk-eâ-v h-m-e-n, a-m-h-qÀ tK-m-f-n-tb-mÀ d-tb-m¬-k-v, F³-tU-m-kÄ-^-m³, h-n-f-¸-nÂ i-m-e, B-d-·-p-f X-p-S-§-n-b P-\-I-o-b k-a-c-§-f-n-se-Ã-m-w ]-m-c-n-Ø-n-X-n-I-h-p-w P-\-I-o-b-h-p-a-m-b ]-£-¯-v \-n-¶-p-sI-m-ï-p-Å h-n-P-

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b-w I-sï-¯-p-¶-X-nÂ \-nÀ-W-m-b-I- ]-¦-v h-l-n-¨ H-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p C-sF-F.

C-sF-F-b-p-w]-c-n-Ø-n-X-nk-w-c-£-W-h-p-w

1986Â tI-{µ kÀ-¡-mÀ ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n k-w-c-£-W \-n-b-a-w (C-]-n-F) sI-m-ï-p h-¶-p. C-]-n-F B-Î-n-\-v I-o-g-nÂ 1994e-m-W-v B-Z-y-a-m-b-n ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n B-L-m-X ]T-\-¯-n-\-p-f-f s]-c-p-a-m-ä-N-«-w ]-p-d-¯-p-h-c-p-¶-X-v. C-u I-m-e-L-«-w, B-tK-m-f-h-X-v-I-c-W-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w k-z-I-m-c-y-h-X-v-I-c-W-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w D-Z-m-c-h-X-v-I-c-W-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w {]-m-Y-a-n-I {]-{I-n-b-IÄ \-S-¶-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-p-¶-k-a-b-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. h-y-m-h-k-m-b-n-I-m-h-i-y-§Ä-¡-p-w h-n-I-k-\-m-h-i-y-§Ä-¡-p-w I-q-S-p-X-e-m-b-n {]-I-r-X-n h-n-`-h-§-sf ]-¦-n-s«-S-p-¡-p-¶ I-m-e-w. C-X-n-\-m-b-n H-c-p \-n-b-a-w F-¶ c-q-]-¯-nÂ I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v h-n-`-h-§-sf X-p-e-y-a-m-b-n ]-¦-p-sh-¡-m-\-p-Å D-]-m-[-n-b-m-b-n C-sF-F a-m-d-p-¶-X-v. F-¶-p-sh-

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¨-mÂ, ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n k-w-c-£-W-w F-¶ B-i-b-¯-nÂ a-m-{X-a-Ã C-sF-F c-q-]-s¸-«-X-v. tI-mÀ-]-td-ä-p-I-sf I-q-S-p-XÂ k-l-m-b-n-¡-m-\-p-Å H-c-p \-n-b-a c-q-]-o-I-c-W-w a-m-{X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. F-¶-mÂ t]-m-e-p-w h-n-`-h-§-sf ]-¦-p-th-¡-p-¶-n-S-¯-v k-z-m-`-m-h-n-I-a-m-b-n h-¶ N-n-e-\-n-b-{´-W-§-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p C-u \-n-b-a-¯-n-sâ {]-tX-y-I-X. A-X-p-I-q-S-n C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v ]-p-X-n-b I-c-S-v h-Ú-m-]-\-¯-n-e-q-sS tI-{µ kÀ-¡-mÀ sN-¿-p-¶-X-v. ta-m-i-a-m-b H-c-p \-n-b-a-s¯ I-q-S-p-XÂ ta-m-i-a-m-b H-c-p \-n-b-a-a-m-¡-n-a-m-ä-p-¶-p F-¶À-Y-w.

h-n-Ú-m-]-\-¯-n-\-p]-n-¶n-se X-m-X-v-]-c-y-§Ä

]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n \-n-b-a-¯-n-sâ a-p-g-p-h³ N-«-¡-q-S-p-I-f-p-w X-IÀ-¡-p-w h-n-[-w C-sF-F a-m-ä-n-sb-g-p-X-p-I-b-m-W-v tI-{µ kÀ-¡-m-d-n-sâ e-£-y-w. h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-sâ a-d-]-n-S-n-¨-v P-\-I-o-b {]-[-n-tc-m-[-§-sf C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-m-\-p-w D-bÀ-¶-p-h-c-p-¶ i-Ð-§-sf \-n-i-Ð-a-m-¡-m-\-p-w t`-X-K-X-n F-¶ t]-c-nÂ c-m-P-y-s¯ k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-m-c-m-b P-\-§-tf-m-S-v \-S-¯-p-¶ H-c-p sI-m-S-p-w N-X-n F-¶-m-W-v C-X-n-s\ h-n-ti-j-n-¸-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-v. H-c-p Ø-m-]-\-w A-X-n-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä B-c-w-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v a-p-¼-v ]-c-Ø-n-X-n a-{´-m-e-b-¯-n-sâ A-\-p-a-X-n h-m-§-p-I-b-p-w A-X-n-\-p N-p-ä-p-w I-g-n-b-p-¶ a-\-p-j-yÀ-¡-p-w {]-I-r-X-n-¡-p-w ̀ -w-K-w D-ï-m-I-p-¶-n-Ã F-¶ F³-h-n-td-m¬-saâÂ ¢-n-b-d³-k-v e-`-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w th-W-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. F-¶-mÂ ]-p-X-n-b t`-Z-K-X-n {]-I-m-c-w H-c-p ]-²-X-n {]-hÀ-¯-\-w B-c-w-`-n-¡-p-¶-

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X-n-\-v tI-h-e-w H-c-p A-t]-£ sI-m-S-p-¯-mÂ a-m-{X-w a-X-n. I-m-c-y-a-m-b A-t\-z-j-W-ta-m ]-c-n-ti-m-[-\-tb-m C-Ã-m-sX H-m¬-sse-\-m-b-n A-\-p-a-X-n e-`-y-a-m-I-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-w. e-m-`-I-®-p-I-tf-m-sS a-m-{X-w {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ G-sX-m-c-p tI-mÀ-]-td-ä-v Ø-m-]-\-¯-n-\-p-w P-\-I-o-b {]-X-n-tc-m-[-§-sf ̀ -b-s¸-S-m-sX G-X-v ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n te-m-e {]-tZ-i-§-f-n-e-p-w F-{X-h-e-n-b Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-w sI-«-n-s¸-m ¡-m-\-p-a-m-I-p-w. C-X-v G-sd A-]-I-S-I-c-a-m-W-v. I¬-a-p-¶-nÂ h-m-b-p-h-p-w a-®-p-w P-e-h-p-sa-Ã-m-w a-e-n-\-s¸-S-p-t¼-m-g-p-w \-n-i-Ð-a-m-b-n k-l-n-¨-p-I-g-n-tb-ï-n h-c-p-¶ A-h-Ø-tb-m-f-w ̀ -o-I-c-a-m-b a-sä-m-c-p Z-p-c-´-a-n-Ã. A-S-p-¯-n-sS h-n-i-m-J ]-«-W-¯-v Z-p-c-´-w h-n-X-¨ FÂ-P-n t]-m-f-n-a-d-n-\-v ]-m-c-n-Ø-n-X-n-I A-\-p-a-X-n e-`-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã F-¶-X-p-w C-h-n-sS tNÀ-¯-v h-m-b-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

]-m-c-n-Ø-n-X-n-I A-\-p-a-X-n tX-tS-ï-X-v 20,000 k-v-I-z-bÀ ̂ -o-ä-nÂ I-q-S-p-XÂ N-p-ä-f-h-p-Å sI-«-nS-§-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-p-X-n-b a-m-ä-{]-I-m-c-w C-X-v 1,50,000 B-b-n D-bÀ-¯-n. A-X-m-b-X-v \-n-e-h-nÂ {]-hÀ¯-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-p I-¼-\-n A-X-n-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-sf A-¼-X-v i-X-a-m-\-t¯-m-f-w a-S-§-v hÀ-[-n-¸-n-¨-m-e-p-w ]-m-c-n-Ø-n-X-n-I A-\-p-a-X-n-¡-m-b-n ]-n-s¶-b-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-sf k-a-o-]-n-t¡-ï-X-n-Ã. tI-mÀ-¸-td-ä-p-I-sf k-l-m-b-n-¡-m--\-m-W-n-sX-¶-v BÀ-¡-m-W-v a-\-k-n-e-m-I-m-¯-X-v. \-mÂ-¸-X-n-te-sd ]-²-X-n-IÄ ]-m-c-n-Ø-n-X-n-I A-\-p-a-X-n B-h-i-y-a-n-Ã-m-¯ e-n-Ì-nÂ DÄ-s¸-S-p-¯-n-sI-m-ï-p-Å _-n2 F-¶ H-c-p h-n-`-m-K-w I-q-S-n ]-p-X-n-b h-n-Ú-m-]-\-¯-n-e-p-ï-v. \-b-X-{´

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]-²-X-n-IÄ F-¶-v t]-c-n-«-p-h-n-f-n-¨-m-W-v ]-e ]-²-X-n-I-sf-b-p-w H-g-n-h-m-¡-n-b-X-v.

{]-tZ-i-s¯ k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-mÀ-¡-p-ï-m-I-p-¶ B-i-¦-I-sf ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-m³ \-n-e-h-n-e-p-Å ]-»-n-I-v l-n-b-d-n-w-K-p-IÄ C-Ã-m-X-m-I-p-¶-p F-¶-X-m-W-v a-sä-m-c-p h-n-j-b-w. {]-i-v-\-w A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-Å k-a-b-w 30X-nÂ \-n-¶-v 20 Z-n-h-k-a-m-¡-n N-p-c-p-¡-p-I-b-p-w h-o-U-n-tb-m tI-m¬-{^³-k-v h-g-n-b-p-w ]-»-n-I-v l-n-b-d-n-w-K-v \-S-¯-m-w F-¶-X-p-a-m-W-v ]-p-X-n-b t`-Z-K-X-n. sX-ä-m-b h-n-I-k-\ \-b-§Ä-s¡-X-n-sc D-bÀ-¶-p-h-¶ P-\-I-o-b k-a-c-§-f-p-w B-te-m-N-\-I-f-p-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v C-{X-sb-¦-n-e-p-w c-m-P-y-s¯ ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n-sb ]-n-S-n-¨-p-\-nÀ-¯-p-¶-X-v. A-X-v I-q-S-n C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-v a-m-{X-a-Ã sX-c-p-h-n-e-n-d-§-p-¶ P-\-X-sb A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-m³ \-n-b-a-¯-n-sâ ]-n³-_-e-w sI-m-ï-v X-s¶ A-[-n-I-m-c-n-IÄ-¡-p-w tI-mÀ-]-td-ä-p-IÄ-¡-p-w I-g-n-b-p-w. C-X-v ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n h-n-c-p-²-w F-¶-X-n-\-¸-p-d-w P-o-h-n-¡-m-\-p-Å k-z-m-X-{´-y-¯-n-\-v ta-e-p-Å ̀ -c-W-I-q-S ssI-I-S-¯-e-p-I-f-m-W-v. ]-c-k-y-§-f-p-sS ]-n³-_-e-¯-nÂ {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ a-m-[-y-a-§-f-p-w ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-s¯-b-p-w tI-mÀ-¸-td-ä-v X-m-X-v-]-c-y-§-tf-b-p-w k-w-c-£-n-¡-p-¶ A-h-Ø-b-m-W-p-Å-X-v.

tZ-i-o-b h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k \-b-wa-p-t¶-m-«-v sh-¡-p-¶-X-v

the destiny of india is being shaped in our class room C-´-y-b-p-sS ̀ -m-h-n A-X-n-\-I-¯-p-Å ¢-m-k-v-a-p-d-n-I-f-n-e-m-sW-¶-m-W-v tU-m. tI-m-¯-m-c-n I-½-o-j³ d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-v X-p-S-§-p-¶-X-v. H-m-tc-m I-m-e-L-«-¯-n-sâ

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B-h-i-y-§Ä-¡-p-w h-n-I-m-k-§Ä-¡-p-w B-h-i-y-a-m-b I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-p-I-f-m-W-v h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-¯-n-sâ \-nÀ-h-N-\-§-f-m-b-n a-m-d-p-¶-X-v. A-X-n-\-mÂ I-m-e-¯-n-\-\-p-k-c-n-¨-p-Å a-m-ä-§Ä h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k ta-J-e-b-nÂ sI-m-ï-p-h-c-p-¶-X-n-s\ k-z-m-K-X-w sN-t¿-ï-X-m-W-v. F-¶-mÂ 2020 P-q-sse 29\-v tI-{µ-a-{´-n {]-I-m-i-v P-m-th-Z-v -IÀ A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¨ tZ-i-o-b-h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k \-b-w h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k ta-J-e-b-n-te-¡-p-Å l-n-µ-p-X-z A-P-ï-I-f-p-sS ss[-j-W-n-I-a-m-b I-S-¶-p-I-b-ä-a-m-b-n k-w-i-b-n-¡-p-¶- X-c-¯-n-e-p-Å-X-m-W-v. h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ ta-m-Z-n ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-¯-n-sâ {]-X-n-]-£-¯-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-X-v I-q-sS C-u \-b-t¯-m-S-v tNÀ-¯-v h-m-b-n-¡-W-w. k-p-{_-a-W-y³ d-m-h-p I-½-o-j-sâ t\-X-r-X-z-¯-nÂ 2016 a-p-XÂ ]-p-X-n-b h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k \-b-s¯ I-p-d-n-¨-v c-m-P-y-¯-v NÀ-¨-b-p-ï-v. ]-n-¶-o-S-v I-k-v-X-q-c-n-c-w-K³ I-c-S-v d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-n-t·Â h-o-ï-p-w ]T-\-w \-S-¯-n H-c-p d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-v I-q-S-n k-aÀ-¸-n-¨-p. tI-mÀ-¸-td-ä-p-IÄ tI-mÀ-¸-td-ä-p-IÄ-¡-v th-ï-n \-nÀ-a-n-¨ d-n-t¸-mÀ-s«-¶-v C-X-n-s\ h-n-ti-j-n-¸-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v. H-t«-sd ̀ -m-j-m k-w-Ø-m-\-§Ä \-n-e-h-n-e-p-ï-m-b-n-c-n-s¡ h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-\-b-w t]-m-se G-ä-h-p-w A-S-n-

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Ø-m-\-]-c-a-m-b H-¶-n-s\ tI-h-e-w c-ï-v ̀ -m-j-I-f-nÂ a-m-{X-a-m-W-v {]-k-n-²-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-X-v F-¶-X-p-w Z-p-c-q-l-a-m-W-v. a-m-{X-h-p-a-Ã H-c-p s^-U-dÂ k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w \-n-e-h-n-e-p-Å c-m-P-y-¯-v k-w-Ø-m-\-§-f-p-a-m-tb-m h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ, h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n k-w-L-S-\-IÄ, A-[-y-m-]-IÀ, c-£-n-X-m-¡Ä, s]-m-X-p k-a-q-l-w F-¶-n-h-c-p-a-m-sb-m-s¡ NÀ-¨-¡-v X-b-m-d-m-I-m-sX G-I-]-£-o-b X-o-c-p-a-m-\-¯-n-sâ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ \-S-¸-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-nÂ A-]-m-I-a-p-ï-v.

d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-n-se A-i-m-k-m-{X-o-b-Xi-n-i-p-a\x-i-m-k-v-{X-¯-n-te-b-p-w B-[-p-\-n-I t_-m-

[-\ i-m-k-v-{X-¯-n-te-b-p-w ]-Z-m-h-e-n-I-sf sI-m-ï-v k-¼-¶-a-m-W-v ]-p-X-n-b tZ-i-o-b h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k \-b-w. h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k c-w-K-¯ ]-p-tc-m-K-a-\ N-n-´-I-f-n-e-m-W-v C-u \-b-w sI-«-n-¸-S-p-¯-sX-¶-v h-c-p-¯-n-X-oÀ-¡-p-I-b-p-w ̀ -c-W-I-q-S X-m-X-v-]-c-y-§Ä¡-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-sf ]-m-I-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-I-b-m-W-v \-b-¯-n-sâ A-´-k-¯. X-oÀ-¯-p-w b-m-Y-m-Ø-n-X-n-I I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-p-I-f-p-w A-i-m-k-v-{X-o-b c-o-X-n-i-m-k-v-{X-§-f-p-a-m-W-v C-X-nÂ \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v. ]-p-X-n-b h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k \-b-a-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v A-©-m-w ¢-m-k-n-e-p-w F-«-m-w ¢-m-k-n-e-p-w s]-m-X-p ]-c-o-£-b-p-w H-¼-X-v a-p-XÂ ¹-k-v-S-p h-sc sk-a-ÌÀ k-n-Ì-h-p-w GÀ-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-tX-m-sS B-d-p-a-m-k-I-m-e-b-f-h-nÂ ]T-\-`-m-c-w hÀ-[-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w ]-c-o-£-I-f-p-sS B-[-n-I-y-a-p-ï-m-I-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-w.

h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-w K-th-j-W ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-a-p-Å A-´-n-a NÀ-¨-I-f-nÂ h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k a-{´-n-

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¡-v td-m-f-p-I-f-n-sÃ-¶-p-w {]-[-m-\-a-{´-n-b-S-§-p-¶ H-c-p t_-m-U-n-b-m-W-v C-¯-c-w I-m-c-y-§-f-nÂ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-sa-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-v F-¶-v h-c-p-¶-X-p-w P-m-{K-X-tb-m-sS I-m-W-W-w. d-n-kÀ-¨-v {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-sf k-w-_-Ô-n-¨ ]-p-X-n-b \-b-¯-nÂ K-th-j-W-w c-m-P-y-X-m-X-v-]-c-y-¯-n-\-\-p-k-c-n-¨-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w F-¶-v ]-d-ª-p-sh-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. -K-th-j-I-c-p-sS A-t\-z-j-W-§-sf ̀ -c-W-I-q-S X-m-X-v-]-c-y-¯-n-\-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v h-n-t[-b-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I F-¶-p-Å-X-v h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-IÄ-¡-v t\-sc \-S-¡-p-¶ H-c-p X-c-¯-n-e-p-Å ss[-j-W-n-I B-{I-a-W-a-m-W-v. c-m-P-y-s¯ Z-f-n-X-c-p-w a-m-ä-n-\-nÀ-¯-s¸-«-h-c-p-a-m-b h-n-`-m-K-§-sf \-n-§-f-p-sS K-th-j-W-¯-n-sâ ̀ -m-K-a-m-b NÀ-¨-I-f-n-te-¡-v I-S-¶-p-h-tc-ï-X-n-Ã F-¶v ]-tc-m-£-a-m-b-n ]-d-b-p-I-b-m-W-v tI-{µ kÀ-¡-mÀ. B-Z-y-w k-w-Ø-m-\ e-n-Ì-n-e-p-w A-S-n-b-´-c-m-h-Ø I-m-e-¯-v C-µ-n-c-m-K-m-Ô-n I¬-I-dâ-v e-n-Ì-n-e-p-w DÄ-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b h-n-Z-y-`-y-m-k-w ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w b-q-W-n-b³ e-n-Ì-n-te-¡-v DÄ-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I-b-m-W-v ta-m-Z-n kÀ-¡-mÀ.

l-n-µ-p-X-z A-P@-b-p-sSH-f-n-¨-p-I-S-¯Â

\-m-K-v-]-q-c-n-se BÀ-F-k-F-k-v A-\-p-I-q-e k-w-L-S-\-b-m-b d-n-kÀ-¨-v Bâ-v d-n-kÀ-P³-k-v ̂ -u-tï-j³ 2018Â h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k a-{´-m-e-b-w X-n-c-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-p-h-c-W-w F-¶-v B-h-i-y-s¸-«-n-c-p-¶-p. \-mÂ-]X-n-e-[-n-I-w sk-a-n-\-m-d-p-IÄ BÀ-F-k-v-F-Ê-p-w a-ä-p k-w-L-]-c-n-h-mÀ k-w-L-S-\-I-f-p-w h-n-h-n-[ C-S-§-f-nÂ ]-p-X-n-b h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k \-b-h-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-«-v k-w-L-S-n-

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¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-X-n-e-p-bÀ-¶-p-h-¶ \-nÀ-tZ-i-§-sf kÀ-¡-m-d-n-\-v k-aÀ-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v -X-n-c-p-¶-p. C-u \-nÀ-tZ-i-§-sf t{I-m-U-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I-a-m-{X-a-m-W-v B-W-h i-m-k-v-{X-Ú³ I-q-S-n-b-m-b I-k-v-X-q-c-n-c-w-K³. 1986se h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k \-b-w c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ ]-m-c-¼-c-y-h-p-a-m-b-n tNÀ-¶-p-t]-m-I-p-¶-n-sÃ-¶-p-w `-m-c-X-¯-n-sâ a-q-e-y-§Ä h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-¯-n-\-I-¯-v DÄ-tNÀ-¶-n-«-n-sÃ-¶-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-h-c-p-sS {]-[-m-\ \-nÀ-tZ-i-§-f-n-se-m-¶-v. F-¶-mÂ c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ a-q-e-y-§Ä F-¶-t]-c-nÂ h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-¯-n-e-q-sS \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m³ {i-a-n-¡-p-¶-X-v {_-m-Ò-W-y-¯-n-sâ B-i-b-§-f-m-sW-¶-v BÀ-¡-p-w a-\-k-n-e-m-I-p-w. k-w-k-v -I-r-X-a-S-¡-p-a-p-Å h-tc-W-y `-m-j-IÄ-¡-v \Â-I-p-¶ A-a-n-X {]-m-[-m-\-y-h-p-w c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ N-c-n-{X ]-mT-§-f-n-se I-r-X-y-a-m-b A-g-n-¨-p-]-W-n-b-p-w ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¨-mÂ C-X-v t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-p-w.

c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ s^-U-dÂ X-X-z-§-sf a-d-n-I-S-¶-p-sI-m-ï-v I-q-S-n-b-m-te-m-N-\-I-f-n-Ã-m-sX G-I-]-£-o-b-A-S-n-t¨Â-¸-n-¡-e-p-I-f-m-b-n \-n-b-a-§Ä a-m-d-p-¶-tX-m-sS G-I-i-n-e-m-ß-I-a-m-b H-c-p c-m-j-{S-¯-n-sâ \-nÀ-a-m-W-¯-n-\-p-Å l-n-µ-p-X-z A-P-ï-I-f-p-sS ]-qÀ-¯oI-c-W-a-m-W-v \-S-¡-p-¶-X-v. h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n t]-m-e-p-Å A-S-n-Ø-m-\ h-n-j-b-§-f-nÂ t]-m-e-p-w C-¯-c-w \-n-e-]-m-S-p-I-f-p-a-m-b-n a-p-t¶-m-«-v t]-m-I-p-¶-X-v H-c-p c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ \-n-e-\-nÂ-¸-n-s\ X-s¶ G-sd tZ-m-j-I-c-a-m-b-n _-m-[-n-¡-p-w F-¶-I-m-c-y-¯-nÂ XÀ-¡-a-n-Ã $

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N-c-n-{Xw i-m-k-v-{X-o-b-a-m-b-n \-n-c-o-£-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-X-p-w k-m-a-q-l-y-i-m-k-v-{X-w (Sociology)

]-p-X-n-b ]T-\-i-m-J-b-m-b-n h-f-c-p-¶-X-p-sa-Ã-m-w ]-X-n-\-©-m-w \-q-ä-m-ï-n-\-v ti-j-a-m-W-v. tI-m-w-sX, a-m-I-v--k-v, sl-KÂ- X-p-S-§-n-b-h-c-p-sS \-n-c-o-£-W-§Ä N-c-n-{X, k-m-a-q-l-y i-m-k-v-{X-i-m-J-I-f-nÂ h-n-¹-h-I-c-a-m-b h-g-n-¯-n-c-n-h-p-ï-m-¡-n. te-m-I-¯-n-se a-p-g-p-h³ i-m-k-v-{X i-m-J-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w A-S-n-th-sc-¯-p-¶-X-v

B[p\nI kmaqlyimkv{X ]nXmhmbn IcpXp¶C_v\p JÂZqsâ apJ±na Xpd¶phnSp¶

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C³-km-^v F sI sIm-f-¸[email protected]

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{K-o-¡-n-e-m-W-v. A-c-n-tÌ-m-«-nÂ, ¹-m-tä-m, sl-d-tU-m-«-k-v X-p-S-§-n-b-h-c-p-sS X-«-I-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-tÃ-m {K-o-¡-v. ]-n-¶-o-S-v A-d-n-h-n-sâ H-g-p-¡-v a-t[-y-j-y-b-nÂ \-n-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. {K-o-¡-v ̀ -m-j-b-n-se {K-Ù-§Ä B-Z-y-a-m-b-n h-n-hÀ-¯-\-w sN-b-v-X-X-p-w k-w-h-m-Z-m-ß-I-a-m-b-n k-a-o-]-n-¨-X-p-sa-Ã-m-w A-d-_-n-I-f-m-W-v. ]-n-¶-o-S- v \-q-ä-m-ï-p-IÄ-¡-v ti-j-a-m-W-v a-t[-y-j-y-b-nÂ \-n-¶v ]-S-n-ª-m-d-n-te-s¡-¯-p-¶-X-v. A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v X-s¶ a-p-g-p-h³ i-m-k-v-{X-i-m-J-b-n-e-p-w A-td-_-y³ K-th-j-W-§-f-p-w k-a-o-]-\-§-f-p-sa-Ã-m-w {K-l-n-s¨-S-p-¡-m-\-m-h-p-w.

B-[-p-\-n-I k-m-a-q-l-n-I i-m-k-v-{X-¯-n-sâ ]-n-X-m-h-m-b-n s]-m-X-p-sh K-W-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v tI-m-w-sX-b-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w N-n-e sS-I-v-Ì-p-I-f-n-se-m-s¡ C-_-v- -\-p JÂ-Z-q-\msW¶ \-n-c-o-£Wa-p-ï-v. ]-X-n-\-©-m-w \-q-ä-m-ï-nÂ D-bÀ-¶-p-h-¶ i-m-k-v-{X-i-m-J-b-m-b-X-n-\-mÂ {K-o-¡-v N-n-´-IÀ-¡-v C-X-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-a-n-Ã. te-m-I N-c-n-{X-s¯ h-n-i-I-e-\-w sN-¿-p-¶ I-n-X-m-_-pÂ C-_À F-¶ {K-Ù-¯-n-sâ a-p-J-h-p-c-b-m-b a-p-J-±-n-a-b-n-e-q-sS-b-m-W-v k-a-q-l-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å i-m-k-v-{X-o-b \-n-c-o-£-W-§Ä A-t±-l-w ]-¦-p-sh-¡-p-¶-X-v. a-q-¶-v hÀ-j-sa-S-p-¯-m-W-v C-X-n-sâ c-N-\ ]-qÀ-¯-n-b-m-¡-n-b-X-v. N-c-n-{X-s¯ X-m-X-z-n-I-a-m-b-n \-n-c-o-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-w k-a-q-l-h-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-S-p-¯-n h-n-i-I-e-\-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-p-a-m-b ]-p-X-n-b c-o-X-n A-t±-l-w h-n-I-k-n-¸-n-s¨-S-p-¯-p. tI-h-e-w sI-«-p-I-Y-I-f-n-e-p-w ]-p-c-m-W-§-f-n-e-p-w a-m-{X-w N-p-c-p-§-n-b N-c-n -{X-¯-n-sâ c-o-X-n -i-m-k-v -{X-¯-nÂ ]-n-¶-o-S- v h-e-n-b h-g-n-¯-n-c-n-h-p-ï-m-b-n. k-m-a-q-l-n-I N-p-ä-p-]-m-

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S-p-I-tf-m-S-p-w D-]-P-o-h-\ c-o-X-n-tb-m-S-p-sa-Ã-m-w tNÀ-¯-p-sI-m-ï-p-Å i-m-k-v -{X-o-b \-n-c-o-£-W-§Ä N-c-n-{X ]T-\-s¯ I-q-S-p-XÂ B-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-a-m-¡-n. sX-f-n-h-p-I-f-p-sS ]-n³-_-e-a-n-Ã-m-¯ tI-h-e-w tI-«-p -tIÄ-h-n -b-p-Å I-m-c-y-§-sf DÄ-s¡-m-Å-m³ B-t±-l-w X-b-m-d-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. P-\-P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-sâ s]-m-X-p-k-z-`-m-h-s¯-b-m-W-v {]-m-Y-a-n-I-a-m-b-n h-n-i-I-e-\-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-v. C-X-nÂ k-a-I-m-e-n-I-c-p-sS-tb-m ]-qÀ-h-n-I-c-p-sS-tb-m b-m-Y-m-Ø-n-I k-a-o-]-\-s¯ A-t±-l-w ]-n-´-p-SÀ-¶-n-Ã. N-c-n-{X-¯-n-se h-k-v-X-p-\-njvTa-Ã-m-¯ h-n-i-I-e-\-s¯-b-p-w ]-£-]-m-X-n-X-z k-a-o-]-\-s¯-b-p-w i-m-k-v-{X-o-b-a-m-b-n a-p-J-±-n-a h-n-aÀ-i-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. \-tS-m-S-n-I-f-m-b A-]-c-n-j-v--I-r-X k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ \-n-¶v X-p-S-§-n a-\-p-j-y-I-p-e-¯-n-sâ h-y-X-y-k-v-X ]-c-n-W-m-a X-e-§-f-n-e-q-sS B-[-p-\-n-I h-y-h-Ø-m-]-n-X c-m-{ã k¦Â]w c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v h-sc-b-p-Å k-a-q-l-n-I h-n-I-m-k-s¯-b-m-W-v a-p-J-±-n-a A-S-b-m-f-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-v. X-oÀ-¯-p-w a-p³ a-m-X-r-I-I-f-n-Ã-m-¯ C-u i-m-k-v-{X-o-b h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯Â k-m-a-q-lnI, N-c-n-{X i-m-J-I-f-n-se ssk-²-m-´-n-I h-X-v-I-c-W-¯-n-\-v \-n-Z-m-\-a-m-b-n. C-_-v-\-p-JÂ-Z-q-sâ k-n-²-m-´-§-sf {]-a-p-J C-u-P-n-]-v-j-y³ ]-Þ-n-X-\-m-b AÂ-a-k-v -D-u-Z-n-b-p-sS -I-n-X-m-_-p-¯³-_-o-l-n hÂ C-i-v-d-m-^-v F-¶ I-r-X-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶v {K-l-n-s¨-S-p-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

imk-v -{X-i-m-J-IÄ ]-c-k-v -]-c-w C-g-tNÀ-¶-p I-n-S-¡-p-¶-X-m-b-n A-t±-l-w \-n-c-o-£-n-¨-p. A-X-n-\-mÂ X-s¶ ]-c-k-v-]-c-w X-m-c-X-a-y-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-p-w _-Ô-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-p-a-p-Å \-q-X-\ c-o-X-n-b-m-W-v a-p-J-

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±-n-a ]-n-´-p-S-c-p-¶-X-v. k-p-X-m-c-y-a-m-b C-u k-z-X-{´-y N-n-´-b-n-e-q-sS "CÂ-a-pÂ _-i-c-n' F-¶ ]-p-X-n-b i-m-k-v-{X-i-m-J ]-n-d-h-n-sb-S-p-¯-p.

k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ c-q-]-s¸-S-e-n-s\-b-p-w ]-c-n-W-m-a-s¯-b-p-w NÀ-¨ sN-¿-p-¶-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w X-IÀ-¨-sb-b-p-w a-p-J-±-n-a \-n-c-o-£-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. k-m-a-q-l-n-I Ø-m-]-\-§-sf I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n \-nÀ-W-b-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-h- I-q-S-n-t¨À-¶-p-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-w k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ N-e-\-m-ß-I-X-sb k-z-m-[-o-\-n-¡-p-¶-X-m-b-p-w H-¶-m-w A-[-y-m-b-¯-nÂ JÂ-Z-q³ h-n-h-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. \-m-tS-m-S-n, tK-m-{X k-a-q-l-§-f-n-e-p-w A-S-n-¯-d-b-m-b-n hÀ-¯-n-¨ I-p-S-p-w-_ h-m-g-v-N-sb A-k-_-n-¿ F-¶-m-W-v a-p-J-±-n-a ]-c-n-N-b-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-v. A-[-n-I-m-c \-nÀ-h-l-W-w A-¡-m-e-¯-v C-¡-q-«-c-n-e-m-W-v I-p-S-n-sI-m-ï-n-c-p-¶-X-v. C-X-n-\-v tI-h-e-w \-m-te-m A-t©-m hÀ-j-w a-m-{X-ta `-c-W \-n-b-{´-W-w D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-Å-q. X-p-SÀ-¶-v I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-IÀ-¨ k-w-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-sâ ̂ -e-ambn `-c-W-w {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-b-n-e-m-h-p-I-b-p-w a-sä-m-c-p I-p-e-¯-n-te-¡-v ssI-a-m-ä-w sN-¿-s¸-S-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p. C-¯-c-w k-m-a-q-l-n-I-m-´-c-o-£-s¯ DÄ-s¡-m-Å-n-¨ N-c-n-{X K-th-j-W-§Ä X-oÀ-¯-p-w B-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-h-p-w \-h-o-\ c-q-]-h-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ̀ -q-a-n-i-m-k-v-{X-]-c-a-m-b k-z-m-[-o-\-w k-a-q-l-§-sf h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-m-b-p-w a-p-J-±-n-a A-`-n-{]-m-b-s¸-S-p-¶-p.

a-\-p -j-y \-m-K-c-n -I-X-sb-¡-p-d-n -¨- v \-n -c-h-[-n \-n-c-o-£-W-§-f-p-ï-v. {]-a-p-J {^-©-v N-n-´-I³ AÀ-tW-mÄ-U-v tS-m-b³-_-n a-p-XÂ {^-m³-k-n-k-v K-p-b-n-tk-m-«- v h-sc-b-p-Å B-[-p-\-n-I k-m-a-q-l-y i-m-k-v-{X-Ú-·-m-c-p-w N-c-n-{X-\-n-c-o-£-I-c-p-sa-Ã-m-w

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\-m-K-c-n-I-X-sb h-n-ti-j k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-nÂ a-\-p-j-yÀ-¡-n-S-b-nÂ c-q-]-s¸-«-p-sh-¶ k-m-a-q-l-n-I \-nÀ-a-n-X-n-b-m-b-n-«-m-W-v I-W-¡-m-¡-p-¶-X-v. \-m-K-c-n-I-X-sb tI-h-e-w X-X-z-¯-n-\-¸-p-d-¯-p-Å N-c-n-{X k-w-`-m-h-\-b-m-b-n-«-m-W-v SÀ-¡-n-j-v N-c-n-{X-I-m-c-\-m-b A-lvaZ-v sZ-h-p-X-¥-p t\-m-¡-n-¡-m-W-p-¶-X-v. F-¶-mÂ {]-i-k-v-X N-c-n-{X-I-m-c-\-p-w X-X-z-N-n-´-I-\-p-a-m-b C-{_-m-l-n-w I-m-e-n-\-m-W-v \-m-K-c-n-I-X-sb k-w-_-Ô-n-¨ {I-n-b-m-ß-I-a-m-b I-m-g-v-N-¸-m-S-v a-p-t¶-m-«-psh-¡-p-¶-X-v. H-c-p P-\-X-b-p-sS Ú-m-\-i-m-k-v -{X-w (Epistemology), k-¯-m-a-o-a-m-w-k-i-m-k-v-{X-w (Ontology), h-n-i-z-m-k-i-m-k-v-{X-w (Cosmology) F-¶-n-h-b-p-sS X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-h-n-t\-m-sS-m-¸-w X-s¶, C-h-I-sf-Ã-m-w k-a-q-l-¯-n-se F-Ã-m h-y-à-n-I-f-n-e-p-w k-a-m-´-c-a-m-b-n F-¯-p-¶-X-v a-q-e-w c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¶ ss\-X-n-I (Morality) a-q-e-y-s¯-b-m-W-v \-m-K-c-n-I-X-b-m-b-n A-t±-l-w a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-p-¶-X-v. a-p-J-±-n-a-b-p-sS \-m-K-c-n-I k-a-o-]-\-s¯ I-q-S-p-XÂ B-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v C-{_-m-l-n-w I-m-e-n-

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\-nbpsS C-u h-y-X-y-k-v-X h-o-£-W-w. JÂ-Z-q-sâ \-m-K-c-n-I-X i-m-k-v-{X-w "CÂ-a-pÂ D-w-d-m³' F-¶-m-W-v A-d-n-b-s¸-S-p-¶-p-X-v. C-X-v X-n-I-ª k-m-w-k-v- -I-m-c-n-I k-a-o-]-\-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p (Cultural Perspec-tive). H-c-p P-\-X-sb-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å k-p-X-m-c-y-a-m-b X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-h-n-\-v A-h-c-p-sS ssh-Ú-m-\-n-I-h-p-w B-ß-o-b-h-p-w h-n-i-z-m-k-]-c-h-p-a-m-b L-S-I-§-sf I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n k-w-tb-m-P-n-¸-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-p-Å ]T-\-w A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-sW-¶ B-i-b-a-m-W-v C-_-v--\-p JÂ-Z-q³ a-p-t¶-m-«-v sh-¨-X-v. ]-S-n-ª-m-d³ N-n-´-I-c-p-sS tI-h-e ̀ -u-X-n-I k-a-o-]-\-s¯-¡-mÄ I-q-S-p-XÂ ^-e-{]-Z-h-p-w h-n-i-m-e-h-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p "CÂ-a-pÂ D-w-d-m³'.

tÌ-ä-v c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¶-X-n-s\ \-m-K-c-n-Ih-X-v-I-c-W-t¯-m-S-v tNÀ-¯-m-W-v a-p-J-±-n-a \-n-c-o-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. H-ä-s¸-«-p-w I-q-«-a-m-b-p-sa-Ã-m-w A-e-ª-v X-a-k-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ k-a-q-l-w, ]-u-c³-a-m-c-m-b-n a-m-d-p-¶-tX-m-sS-b-m-W-v tÌ-ä-v c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v. ]-u-c-m-h-I-m-i-§-f-p-w I-S-a-I-f-p-w \-n-b-a-h-y-h-Ø-b-p-sa-Ã-m-w I-r-X-y-a-m-b A-X-nÀ-h-c-¼-p-IÄ-¡-n-S-b-nÂ {]-m-_-e-y-¯-n-e-m-h-p-¶-tX-m-sS tÌ-ä-v D-Z-b-w sI-m-Å-p-¶-p. a-\-p-j-y-m-h-I-m-i-§-f-n-se a-\-p-j-y-\-v \-nÀ-h-N-\-w \Â-I-p-¶-X-v t]-m-e-p-w tÌ-ä-m-b-n a-m-d-p-¶-p F-¶ X-e-mÂ A-k-Z-n-sâ \-n-c-o-£-W-w C-h-n-sS-b-m-W-v h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-h-p-¶-X-v. a-c-p-`-q-h-m-k-¯-nÂ \-n-¶v h-y-h-Ø-m-]-n-X c-m-jv-{S-¯-n-te-¡-p-Å \-m-K-c-n-I-h-X-v-I-c-W-a-m-b-n-«-m-W-v JÂ-Z-q³ C-X-n-s\ h-o-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. c-ï-v X-e-§-sf k-w-tb-m-P-n-¸-n-¨-p sI-m-ï-p-Å C-u k-a-o-]-\-w X-oÀ-¯-p-w ssk-²-m-´-n-I-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. tI-h-e-w

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tÌ-ä-n-X-c s]-m-X-p-a-Þ-e-s¯ \-nÀ-h-N-n-¡-m-sX H-c-n-¡-e-p-w tÌ-ä-n-s\ k-¼-qÀ-W-mÀ-Y-¯-nÂ h-n-i-Z-o-I-c-n-¡-m-\-m-h-n-Ã. s]-m-X-p-a-Þ-e-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å sl-_À-a-m-k-n-sâ N-n-´-IÄ a-p-J-±-n-a-b-p-sS B-[-p-\-o-I-c-W-¯-n-\-v A-S-n-h-c-b-n-S-p-¶-p. s]-m-X-p-a-Þ-e-w F-¶-X-v tÌ-ä-p-a-m-b-n tNÀ-¶-v \-n-¶-p-sI-m-ï-v a-m-{X-w k-m-[-y-a-m-b H-¶-m-sW-¶-m-W-v A-t±-l-w h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-p-¶-X-v. tÌ-ä-n-s\ h-n-aÀ-i-n-¡-p-¶-X-v t]-m-e-p-w A-X-n-sâ \-n-e-\-nÂ-]-n-s\ A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¨-v sI-m-ï-v a-m-{X-ta k-m-[-n-¡-q. A-X-v sI-m-ï-m-W-v tÌ-ä-n-s\ h-n-N-m-c-W sN-¿-p-¶-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w X-s¶, tÌ-ä-n-s\ \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-p-¶ \-m-e-m-a-s¯ X-q-W-m-b-n a-m-[-y-a-§-sf I-W-¡-m-I-p-¶-X-p-w. ̂ -y-q-UÂ h-y-h-Ø-sb DÄ-s¡-m-Å-m-sX h-n-¹-h-m-\-´-c {^-©-v k-a-q-l-s¯ ]-qÀ-W-mÀ-Y-¯-nÂ h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-m-\-m-I-n-Ã-sb-¶-p-w A-t±-l-w A-`-n-{]-m-b-s¸-S-p-¶-p. Ø-n-c-h-m-k k-a-q-l-§-f-m-¡-n ]-c-n-hÀ-¯-\-w sN-b-v--sX-S-p-¡-p-I F-¶-X-v c-m-{ã-o-b-m-[-n-I-m-c-¯-n-\-p-Å \-n-Z-m-\-a-m-h-p-¶-p-sh-¶ a-p-J-±-n-a-b-p-sS \-n-e-]-m-S-v b-p-à-n-`-{Z-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

B-[-p-\-n-I e-n-_-dÂ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-w t\-c-n-S-p-¶ h-e-n-b {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-b-m-b-n ̀ -q-c-n-]-£ taÂ-t¡-m-b-v-a a-m-d-n-¡-g-n-ª-p. P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y a-q-e-y-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w

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`-q-c-n-]-£ tZ-i-o-b-X-b-n-te-¡-v c-m-{ã-o-b k-¦Â-]-§Ä N-p-c-p-§-p-¶-p-sh-¶-X-v h-k-v -X-p-X-b-m-W-v. tÌ-ä-v ]-u-c³-a-m-sc tb-m-P-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ, h-n-tb-m-P-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ F-¶-o c-ï-v X-«-p-I-f-n-e-m-¡-p-¶-p. c-m-{ã h-n-I-m-k-¯-n-sâ H-c-p L-«-¯-nÂ tÌ-ä-v A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶ C-u {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-sb a-p-J-±-n-a k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. c-m-{ã h-fÀ-¨-b-p-sS k-h-n-ti-j-a-m-b L-«-¯-nÂ ̀ -c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-IÄ A-[-n-I-m-c k-p-Ø-n-c-X-¡-v th-ï-n k-m-a-´³-a-m-sc I-q-«-p-]-n-S-n-¡-p-¶-X-m-b-n JÂ-Z-q³ {]-h-N-n-¡-p-¶-p. ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-¯-n-s\-X-n-sc F-X-nÀ-¸-p-b-c-p-t¼-mÄ A-[-n-I-m-c hÀ-K-s¯ A-\-p-I-q-e-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ, {]-X-n-I-q-e-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ F-¶-o X-e-§-f-n-te-¡-v ]-u-c³-a-mÀ h-n-`-P-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-p. A-[-n-I-m-c-w \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-m-\-m-b-n a-r-Z-p k-a-o-]-\-w ]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶-h-sc ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-w k-z-m-[-o-\-n-¡-p-¶-p. I-mÄ j-v-a-n-¯-n-sâ (carl schmitt) "k-p-l-r-¯-vþi{X-p' \-n-c-o-£-W-w JÂ-Z-q-\-n-sâ C-u k-¦Â-]-s¯ ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w i-c-n-sh-¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v. tÌ-ä-p-a-m-b-p-Å ]-u-c-sâ _-Ô-w k-p-l-r-¯-m-tb-m A-sÃ-¦-nÂ i-{X-p-h-m-tb-m a-m-{X-ta k-m-[-y-a-m-h-p-I-b-p-Å-q F-¶-v A-t±-l-w Ø-m-]-n-¡-p-¶-p. \-h e-n-_-dÂ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-¯-nÂ tÌ-ä-n-\-v H-c-p ]-u-c³ i-{X-p-h-m-tW-m k-p-l-r-¯-m-tW-m F-¶-v k-w-i-b-w h-¶-mÂ ]-mÀ-e-saânÂ ̀ -q-c-n-]-£-m-`-n-{]-m-b-w tX-S-n ]-u-c-sâ Ø-m-\-w \-nÀ-W-b-n-¡-p-sa-¶-p-w A-t±-l-w A-`-n-{]-m-b-s¸-S-p-¶-p.

a-p -J-±-n -a-b-p-sS c-m-{ã-o-b-m-i-b-§-f-p-w tÌ-ä- v k-¦Â-]-§-f-p-sa-Ã-m-w ssh-h-n-[-y h-m-b-\-bÀ-l-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. k-¼-qÀ-W c-m-P-h-m-g-v-N \-n-e-\-n-¶-n-c-p-¶

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I-m-e-¯-v X-s¶ Z-oÀ-L-Z-r-ã-n-tb-m-sS B-[-p-\-n-I tÌ-ä-n-s\ \-nÀ-h-N-n-¡-m³ JÂ-Z-q\-v k-m-[-n-¨-p. c-m-{ã-o-b a-q-e-y-§-sf-b-p-w ̀ -c-W-\-nÀ-h-l-W k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-sf-b-p-w a-p-J-±-n-a H-c-p-t]-m-se h-n-i-Z-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. A-\-o-X-n, A-k-a-X-z-w X-p-S-§-n ̀ -c-W-L-q-S-¯-n-sâ A-[-mÀ-a-n-I {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä c-m-{ã-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w k-w-k-v--I-m-c-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w X-IÀ-¨-¡-v \-n-Z-m-\-a-m-h-p-sa-¶-v A-t±-l-w I-W-¡-p-I-q-«-p-¶-p. ̀ -c-W-\-nÀ-h-l-W-w k-p-Xm-c-y-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-p-w F-Ã-m X-e-§-sf-b-p-w tb-m-P-n-¸-n-¨-psI-m-ï-p-a-p-Å s^-U-dÂ k-a-o-]-\-§f-p-w a-p-J-±-n-a-b-p-sS c-m-{ã-o-b-h-m-b-\-sb k-¼-p-ã-a-m-¡-p-¶-p. ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-w A-\-p-hÀ-¯-n-t¡-ï a-c-y-m-Z-IÄ, ]-c-a-m-[-n-I-m-c-¯-n-sâ h-n-h-n-[ `-m-h-§Ä, \-o-X-n-\-y-m-b Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS h-n-h-n-[ c-q-]-§Ä, c-m-P-`-c-W-¯-n-\-p I-o-g-n-e-p-Å c-m-{ã-o-b Ø-m-]-\-§Ä, a-{´-nk-`, K-h¬-saâ-v H-m-^-o-k-p-IÄ, I-c-w ]-n-c-n-h-v, t]-m-e-o-k-v, b-p-²-c-o-X-n-IÄ, k-m-¼-¯-n-I L-S-\-IÄ X-p-S-§-n `-c-W-\-nÀ-h-l-W-¯-n-sâ A-S-n-Ø-m-\ L-S-I-§-sf-b-p-w a-p-J-±-n-a {]-X-n-]-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶-p.

a-p-J-±-n-a-b-n-se J-n-e-m-^-¯-v a-p-XÂ a-p-e-q-I-n-¿-¯-v h-sc-b-p-Å c-m-{ã-o-b h-n-I-m-k-¯-n-s\ B-[-p-\-n-I tÌ-ä-v t^-mÀ-ta-j-sâ h-n-h-n-[ L-«-§-f-p-a-m-b-n X-m-c-X-a-y h-n-i-I-e-\-w sN-¿-m-\-m-I-p-w. a-m-\-h-n-I h-n-j-b-§-f-nÂ a-p-J-±-n-a C-\-n-b-p-w h-n-i-m-e h-m-b-\-bÀ-l-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. H-t«-m-a³ a-p-XÂ H-m-d-n-bâ-e-n-k-w h-sc h-e-n-b k-w-h-m-Z-§Ä-¡-p-w NÀ-¨-IÄ-¡-p-w I-f-sa-m-c-p-¡-n-b a-p-J-±-n-a-b-p-sS \-n-c-h-[-n tI-m¬-kväp-IÄ C-\-n-b-p-w ]T-\ h-n-t[-b-a-m-t¡-ï-X-p-ï-v $

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]itX¨v AhXcn¸n-¡p¶p.

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I-¯vIm-e-§-fn-se"kz-c\m-b-I³'

F-g-p-]-¯-©-p-IÄ-¡-v "ti-j-a-p-Å KÄ-^-v' k-a-r-²-n-b-p-sS I-¯-v I-m-e-§-f-nÂ tb-i-p-

Z-m-k-n-sâ a-p-J k-m-Z-r-i-y-a-p-Å k-z-c-a-m-[-p-c-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p \-nÀ-¯-m-«-nÂ th-e-m-b-p-t[-«³. t]-m-tÌ-m-^-o-k-n-se I-¯-v h-m-b-\-b-p-sS \-m-b-I-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-t±-l-w.

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A-¶-v 1978 a-p-XÂ F-c-a-w-K-s¯ t]-m-Ì-v H-m-^-o-k-n-sâ A-[-n-]-\m-b-n t]-m-Ì-p-a-m³ I-p-ª-n-¡-p-«-t\-m-sS-m-¸-w A-t±-l-h-p-w {]-hÀ-¯-n-¨-p. _-o-c-m-h-p-l-m-P-n-b-p-sS I-S-¡-v kao]s¯ a-s®-® S-n-¶-n-\-p ]pd-I-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-¶-v R-§-f-p-sS X-]-m-e-m-¸-o-k-v. C-S-n-ª-p s]-m-f-n-ª-p h-o-g-m-d-m-b H-c-p sI-«-n-«-w. a¬ C-ã-n-I-IÄ A-SÀ-¶-v ]-S-n-ª-m-td-m-«-v I-n-f-n-h-m-X-n-e-p-Å H-m-e sI-m-ï-v ta-ª A-X-n-sâ h-r-²-i-c-oc-w.

i-e-v-I-§Ä A-SÀ-¶-v N-o-ª tI-m-c-a-o³-t]-m-se I-p-½-m-b-a-SÀ-¶ a-®-n-sâ N-p-a-c-v I-m-W-m-w. B h-n-ï-SÀ-¶ a¬N-p-a-c-n-sâ ]-Å-b-nÂ I-p-½-m-b-¨-p-a-c-nÂ "H-c-p ]-i-p-h-p-w I-n-S-m-h-p-w' h-c-¨-p-sh-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. I-q-«-n-\-v H-c-p tI-m-W-n-b-p-a-p-ï-v. A-X-n-\-v ta-m-se-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p Z-oÀ-L-I-m-e-w k-n-]-n-sF-b-p-sS H-m-^-o-k-v. H-c-p ]-¯-v ]-¯-c-b-m-b-mÂ B-f-p-IÄ N-m-äÂ a-g t]-m-se h-c-m³ X-p-S-§-p-w. KÄ-^-nÂ \-n-¶-p-Å _-m-¸-a-m-c-p-sS, A-Ñ-·-m-c-p-sS, C-¡-m-¡-a-m-c-p-sS-b-p-sa-m-s¡ I-¯-p-IÄ {]-X-o-£-n-¨-m-W-v B-f-p-IÄ h-¶-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. i-c-n-¡-p-w {]-X-o-£-m-`-c-n-X-c-p-sS H-c-p a-p-¶-W-n. I-¯-v ta-m-l-n-I-f-m-W-[-n-I-h-p-w. ]-n-s¶ a-e-m-b-¡-m-c-p-sS-b-p-w t_-mÀ-W-n-b c-m-P-y-¯-p-Å-h-c-p-sS-b-p-w I-¯-p-I-f-p-a-p-ï-m-h-p-w. H-c-p ]-{´-ï-v a-W-n-b-m-b-mÂ I-¯-v I-m-¯-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ {]-X-o-£-b-p-sS ssk-\-n-IÀ t]-m-Ì-v H-m-^-o-k-v h-f-b-p-w.

]-n-¡-ä-n-M-v F-¶ c-m-{ã-o-bI-e A-¶-v A-{X h-n-I-k-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã. "F-´-m-W-v A-h-n-sS sI-m-sd BÄ-¡-mÀ' F-¶-v _-o-c-m-h-p-l-m-P-n-b-p-sS I-S-b-n-se ssk-\-p-¡-

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tb-m-S-v "tK-m-h-p'¸-W-n-¡À tN-m-Z-n-¨-p? "A-X-v I-¯-v I-m-¯-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-tÃ?'

sa-bnÂ h-¶-n -«-n -Ã. B {]-X-o-£-IÄ H-c-p ]-{´-ï-c-b-m-b-mÂ A-X-n-sâ ssk-\-n-I ̀ -m-h-h-p-w A-¨-S-¡-h-p-w sh-S-n-ª-v a-S-p-¸-v _-m-[-n-¨-v h-e-n-b-I-p-f-¯-n-te-¡-v t\-m-¡-n ]-d-¼-p-I-f-nÂ I-p-¯-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. N-n-eÀ _-o-c-m-h-p-l-m-P-n-b-p-sS ]-o-S-n-I-b-n-e-p-w B-e-n l-m-P-n-b-p-sS ]-o-S-n-I-b-n-e-p-w t]-m-b-n I-m-P-m-_-o-U-n-b-p-w I-¯-n-¨-v B-te-m-N-\-m \-n-a-K-v-\-c-m-I-p-w. C-S-¡-v BÄ-¡-q-«-§Ä hÀ-¯-a-m-\-n-¡-p-¶-X-v tIÄ-¡-m-w.

sN-¡-sâ I-¯-p-w I-m-b-n-b-p-w h-¶-n-«-v sI-m-td I-m-e-m-b-n. a-o³ h-nÂ-¡-p-¶ A-h-d-m-\-p-w ]-n-K-v a-m-a-Z-p-w sa-m-d-i-v I-p-ª-m-\-p-w \-n-¶-v \-n-¶-v I-m-e-v I-S-ª-p. A-h-d-m-\-v h-n-k-b-m-W-v {]-X-o-£. sa-m-d-i-n-\-v {U-m-^-v-ä-m-W-v h-c-m-\-p-Å-X-v. A-X-v d-b-n-k-d-v I-¯-m-W-v t]-me-p-w.

"l-m-h-q.. sa-b-nÂ F-¯-n'. F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w t]-m-Ì-v H-m-^-o-k-v i-c-n-¡-p-w h-f-ª-p. F-c-a-w-K-e-t¯-¡-p-Å I-¯-p-IÄ A-¶-v s]-c-p-¼-S-¸-v h-g-n-b-m-W-v F-¯-p-I. ssk-¡-n-f-nÂ h-¶ sa-b-nÂ I-m-c-n-bÀ I-m-¡-n k-©-n t]-m-tÌ-m-^-o-k-n-se sa-e-n-ª X-m-S-n-¡-m-c-s\ G-e-v-]-n-¨-p.

tb-i-p-Z-m-k-n-sâ a-p-J-Ñ-m-b-b-p-Å X-m-S-n-¡-m-c³ sI-«-n-b I-¯-p-IÄ H-¶-m-sI N-c-n-ª-v X-c-w-X-n-c-n-¡-m³ X-p-S-§-n. A-¸-S-n A-d-_-n-I-f-p-sS a-p-J-a-p-Å KÄ-^-v a-W-a-p-Å I-¯-p-IÄ. tb-i-p-Z-m-k-v d-b-n-k-d-v I-¯-p-IÄ F-g-p-X-n tNÀ-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. R-m³ h-m-X-n-e-nÂ tNÀ-¶-v \-n-¶-v h-n-e-m-k-h-p-w I-¯-p-w h-m-b-n-¨-p X-p-S-§-n.

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"F-§-m-\-p-w X-h-b-nÂ _-o-h-p-½-b-p-sS t]-c-p-tï-m?'

"l-m-h-q.. B-i-z-m-k-a-m-b-n.' A-X-m tNÀ-¡-p-¶-p..X-h-b-nÂ _-o-h-p-½X-h-b-nÂ l-u-k-vF-c-a-w-K-e-wD-Å-nÂ I-t®-¦-m-h-v th-e-b-n-se ]-q-¡-p-ä-n-IÄ

D-bÀ-¶-v h-n-c-n-ª-p. R-m³ ]-IÀ-¯-n-sb-g-p-X-p-¶ I-¯-n-se ssI-¸-S-b-n-te-¡-v k-q-£-n-¨-v t\-m-¡-n. C-¡-m-¡-b-p-sS D-c-p-ï-p X-S-n-¨ C-w-¥-o-j-n-e-p-Å \-o-«-n-sb-g-p-¯-p-IÄ.

a-p-l-½-Z-v D-k-v-a-m³P-o tI-m FâÀ-ss{]-k-k-vt_-m-I-v-k-v \-¼À: 537Z-p-_-m-b-v, b-p-F-C. F-{X-b-p-w s]-s«-¶-v s]-c-b-n-se-¯-n C-u B-Ë-m-

Zh-mÀ-¯ ]-d-b-m-sX F-\-n-¡-v \-n-s¸-c-§-v I-n-«-p-¶-n-Ã. a-\-k-v \-n-d-sb I-t§-¦-m-h-v ]-q-c-w.

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sI-m-¼-v I-p-e-p-¡-n h-c-p-¶ X-n-d-b-p-w a-q-¡-©-m-¯-\-p-w d-P-n-tÌ-U-v I-¯-v F-¶-v C-w-¥-o-j-n-e-p-w d-b-n-k-d-v I-¯-v F-¶-v \-m-«-p-I-m-c-p-w ]-d-b-p-¶ B h-n-sF-]-n I-¯-n-sâ tNÀ-¡Â I-g-n-ª-p.

C-\-n-b-m-W-v {]-[-m-\ ]-c-n-]-m-S-n I-¯-v h-m-b-\. t]-m-Ì-v-ta³ I-p-ª-p I-p-«-\-p-w h-¶-p tNÀ-¶-p. ]- «-¨-m-c-m-b-¯-n-sâ a-W-w ]-X-p-§-n h-¶-p k-z-I-m-c-y-w ]-d-ª-p. th-e-m-b-p-t[-«³ I-p-t¶-m-f-w I-¯-p-IÄ I-q-«-n sh-¨-p.

c@vH-c-p t]-m-§ I-¯-v ssI-b-n-se-S-p-¯-v th-e-m-

b-p -t[-«³ h-m-b-n -¡-m³ X-p -S-§-n. N-¡-c-m-¯-v i-¦-c³, a-m-e-m-«-n-c-n I-p-ª-p-®-n, h-m-¡-p-f-¯-nÂ B-b-n-i-p-½, \-p-U-n-b-¦-m-h-nÂ I-p-ª-p-a-p-l-½-Z-v, h-S-m-tÈ-c-n I-p-a-m-c³, sN-ä-m-d-b-nÂ sN-d-n-b sa-m-b-v-X-p-®-n, \-¼-o-È³ I-m-W-t¡-m-«-p-aT-¯-nÂ, a-q-¨-n-¡-q-«-¯-nÂ I-Z-o-P, I-c-p-a-¯-nÂ I-p-ª-p, C-S-n-b-m-t«Â sN-d-n-b a-p-l-½-Z-v, h-m-¡-m-«-v a-p-l-½-Z-m-P-n, sI-]-n I-r-j-v-W-\-p-®-n.. C-X-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ a-q-¨-n-¡-q-«-¯-nÂ I-Z-o-P-b-p-sS I-¯-p-S-a a-I³ A-j-d-^-v ssI-¡-e-m-¡-n. th-e-m-b-p-t[-«³ I-¯-v \Â-I-n h-m-b-\ X-p-SÀ-¶-p. ssX-¸-d-¼-nÂ A-d-a-p-J³, sI-sI C-u-\-m-i-p, sI-]-n ta-c-n-¡-p-«-n S-o-¨À, sI-]-n tK-m-Z-hÀ-½, I-¯-v h-m-b-\ ]-p-tc-m-K-a-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v.

H-c-p-]-m-S-v I-¯-p-I-f-p-ï-v. A-d-_-n-I-f-p-sS N-n-{X-a-p-Å t^-m-d-n³ e-t¡-m-S-p-I-f-m-W-v A-[-n-I-h-p-w. ssi-J-v k-m-l-n-Z-v _-n³ k-pÂ-¯-m³ AÂ \-l-v b-m-sâ N-n-{X-§Ä \-n-c-¶-p-I-n-S-¡-p-¶-p. I-¯-p-

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IÄ X-o-c-m-d-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. C-S-n-b-m-t«Â ssl-Z-d-k-n-sâ I-¯-v I-n-«-n-b ssl-Z-d-k-v-¡ a-q-¨-n-½Â N-m-c-n-\-n-¶-v I-¯-v h-m-b-n-¨ k-t´-m-j-¯-n-e-m-W-v. "H-m-sâ A-d-_-n \-tÃ-m-\-m-W-v, ta-m-sâ i-¼-f-w 100 ZÀ-l-w I-q-«-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p' F-¶-X-m-W-v a-q-¸-c-p-sS k-t´-m-j-¯-n-sâ tl-X-p.

F-\-n-¡-v I-s¯-m-¶-p-w C-X-p-h-sc-b-m-b-n I-n-«-n-b-n-«-n-Ã. F-t´-m C-¶-v C-¡-m-¡-b-p-sS I-¯-p-ï-m-I-p-sa-¶-v a-\-k-v ]-d-b-p-¶-p. A-h-k-m-\-s¯ I-¯-n-sâ A-{U-Ê-p-w h-m-b-n-¨-n-t« C-¶-v t]-m-I-q. N-n-e-t¸-mÄ A-h-k-m-\-s¯ I-¯-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w F-\-n-¡-p-Å-X-v. a-p-¼v A-§-s\ k-w-`-h-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v. A-X-v H-c-p N-c-n-{X-m-\-p-`-h-a-m-W-v. C-X-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ C-{_-m-l-n-w a-p-kve-n-b-m-c-p-w X-n-¡-n-¯-n-c-¡-n h-¶-p \-n-¶-p. a-p-kve-y-mÀ D-d-s¡ ]dªp. "t]-m-Ì-v a-m-tj, sâ ta-m³ A-l-½-Z-v tI-m-b-b-p-sS H-c-p I-¯-v h-c-m-\-p-ï-v-þ H-¶-p t\-m-¡-n-s¡?' I-]-y-m-c-¯-v C-{_-m-l-n-w a-p-kve-y-m-c-p-sS t]-c-v t\-c-s¯ h-n-f-n-¨ h-n-h-c-w a-o³-I-m-c³ _-l-d-p a-p-kve-y-mÀ-¡-v h-n-h-c-w sI-m-S-p-¯-X-n-sâ _-e-¯-n-e-m-W-v I-Å-n-¯-p-W-n-b-p-w X-pÀ-¡-n-s¯-m-¸-n-b-p-w tI-m-«-p-a-n-«-p-Å C-u a-p-kve-y-mcpsS h-c-h-v. th-e-m-b-p-t[-«³ a-m-ä-n sh-¨ H-c-p t]-m-§ I-¯-n³ I-q-«-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w I-]-y-m-c-I-¯-v C-{_-m-l-n-w a-p-kve-y-m-c-p-sS I-¯-v I-sï-S-p-¯-p. J-¯À sj-b-v-J-v I-¯-n-sâ I-h-d-nÂ J-e-o-^ _-n³ l-a-Z-v A³Y-m-\-n I-p-e-p-§-n-¨-n-c-n-¨-v I-]-y-m-c-I-s¯ h-o-«-n-te-¡-v \-S-¶-p t]-m-b-n.

a-n-Ã-p-I-m-c³ I-p-ª-p-®-n-b-p-sS a-I³ a-m-e-m-«-n-c-n _-m-e-I-r-j-v-W-sâ t]-c-v h-n-f-n-¨ D-S-s\ _-m-e³

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{Z-p-X-K-X-n-b-nÂ I-¯-v ssI-¡-e-m-¡-n. C-t¸-mÄ th-e-m-b-p-t[-«-sâ i-Ð-w a-m-{X-ta tIÄ-¡-p-¶-p-Å-q. a-\-p-j-y-sâ h-m-¡-p-IÄ k-w-K-o-X-w t]-m-se I-¯-v I-qÀ-¸-n-¨-v tIÄ-¡-p-¶ A-]-qÀ-h t\-c-§-f-m-W-v F-c-a-w-K-e-w- X-]-m-e-m-¸-o-k-nÂ th-e-m-b-p-t[-«³ {]-m-hÀ-¯-n-I-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-X-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ th-e-m-b-p-t[-«-sâ I-¯-v h-m-b-\ tIÄ-¡-m-sX-b-m-b-n. H-c-p h-Å-n-sI-m-« I-c-n-X-p-¸-n _-n-sI-S-n _-Ê-v h-¶-p \-n-¶-p. \-n-c-\-n-c-b-m-b-n sh-¨ sI-m-{] N-m-¡-p-IÄ _-Ê-n-sâ ta-se I-b-ä-n sh-¨-v _-Ê-v H-¶-m-w K-o-d-nÂ \-o-§-p-¶ i-Ð-w. B h-m-l-\ C-c-¼-¯-nÂ I-¯-v h-m-b-\ tIÄ-¡-m-sX-b-m-b-n. B-f-p-IÄ _-Ê-n-s\ ]-n-c-m-I-m³ X-p-S-§-n.

C-X-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ j-u-¡-¯-v A-e-n-J-m³ F-¶ t]-c-p-w h-n-f-n-¡-s¸-«-p. ]-c-n-{`-a-t¯-m-sS R-m³ a-p-c-S-\-¡-n. s\-©-n-S-n-¸-v ]-S-]-S-m-¶-v. ssI-s]-m-¡-n. Z-m C-h-n-sS B-f-p-sï-¶-d-n-b-n-¨-p. H-m-f-m-«-v-h-f-¸-nÂ A-Ð-pÂ e-¯-o-^-v I-¯-v h-m-§-n F-s¶ G-e-v-]-n-¨-p. I-¯-v h-m-§-n R-m³ a-W-¯-p t\-m-¡-n. KÄ-^-v k-uc-`-y-¯-n-sâ a-Z-\ ta-m-l-\ K-Ô-w D-Å-n-te-¡-m-h-m-l-n-¨-v B I-¯-n-te-¡-v k-q-£-n-¨-v t\-m-¡-n.

j-u-¡-¯-e-n J-m³X-h-b-nÂ l-u-k-vF-c-a-w-K-e-w , 679587h-g-n s]-c-p-¼-S-¸-v, a-e-¸-p-d-w P-n-ÃA-`-n-a-m-\-]-qÀ-h-w R-m-t\-d-n \-n-¶-p, Z-q-c-s¯

h-e-n-b I-p-f-w t\-m-¡-n t\-m-¡-n.

a-q-¶-v I-¯-v I-n-«-n-b D-S-s\-¯-s¶ _-o-c-m-h-p-l-m-P-n-b-p-

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sS h-S-¡-p-`-m-K-s¯ \-n-hÀ-¯-n-sh-¨ \-n-c-¸-e-I-I-f-nÂ a-m-d-n C-c-p-¶-p h-m-b-n-¨-p.

{]-n-b-s¸-« j-u-¡-¯-n-\-v "B X-n-c-p-h-N-\-¯-nÂ' F-¶-v C-¡-m-¡-b-p-sS I-¯-n-sâ a-p-IÄ ̀ -m-K-¯-v A-t±-l-w F-g-p-X-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. \-Ã h-r-¯-n-b-p-Å ssI-¸-S-b-m-W-v C-¡-m-¡-b-p-tS-X-v. A-t±-l-w _-n-F-Ê-n-¡-m-c-\-m-W-v. tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v ̂ -d-q-J-v tI-m-tf-P-n-e-m-W-v ]T-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. \-m-«-nÂ ]-m-c-eÂ tI-m-tf-P-v \-S-¯-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v C-S-b-n-e-m-W-v C-¡-m-¡-m-¡-v h-n-k h-¶-X-v. C-¡-m-¡ KÄ-^-n-te-¡-v t]-m-b Z-n- h-k-a-m-W-v R-m-t\-sd I-c-ª-X-v. X-r-i-qÀ sd-b-nÂ-th tÌ-j-\-n-te-¡-v F-s¶-b-p-w C-¡-m-¡ sI-m-ï-p-t]-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-t±-l-s¯ b-m-{X-b-m-¡-m³ H-t«-sd sN-§-m-b-n-a-mÀ h-¶-n-c-p-¶-p. h-e-n-b H-c-p k-p-l-r-Z-v h-e-b-a-p-ï-v C-¡-m-¡-¡-v. td-j³ I-S \-S-¯-n-b-n-c-p-¶ k-p-sse-a-m³-¡, a-o³-I-m-c³ _-l-d-p, e-n-b S-y-q-j³ skâ-d-n-se a-m-j-·-mÀ, A-h-n-sS ]T-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ I-p-«-n-IÄ, A-¶-v F-{X-t¸-m-c-w BÄ-¡-m-c-m-W-v td-m-U-v a-p-d-n-¨-v I-S-¶-v F-g-p-¸-p-d-s¯ I-m-h-p-w I-m-ª-n-c-a-c-§-f-p-w B-e-p-w A-X-n-sâ X-m-sg N-n-X-d-n-I-n-S-¶-n-c-p-¶ I-c-n-b-n-e-I-f-p-w N-h-n-«-n I-¿-n-«-v-e h-g-n-b-p-w I-S-¶-v R-§-f-p-sS s]-c-b-n-te-¡-v h-¶-X-v. I-¿-m-e-b-nÂ ]-¯-d-p-]-X-v t]À N-X-p-c-w h-f-ª-n-c-p-¶-v k-p-{] h-n-c-n-¨-m-W-v tN-m-d-v sh-b-v-¡-m-\-n-c-p-¶-X-v. sk-e-o-\ X-o-sc sN-d-n-b I-p-«-n-b-m-W-v. H-mÄ-¡-p-w C-P-m-k-n-\-p-w C-¡-m-¡ tN-m-d-p-c-p-«-n-s¡-m-S-p-¯-p. C-¡ t]-m-h-p-I-b-tÃ? R-§Ä-¡-n-\-n B-c-m-W-v D-Å-X-v F-¶ k-¦-S-sa-m-¶-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. F-t´-m R-§Ä-¡-v h-e-n-b k-¦-S-w-h-¶-p. C-¡-m-¡-b-p-sS

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I-®-nÂ \-n-¶-v I-®-o-sc-m-e-n-¸-n-¨-v _-Ê-n-b-nÂ h-o-g-p-¶-X-v N-p-a-c-n-e-p-Å tP-mÀ-Ö-v ̂ À-W-m-ï-k-v, d-m-w a-t\-m-lÀ te-m-l-y, P-b-{]-I-m-i-v \-m-c-m-b-W³ F-¶-o t\-X-m-¡Ä \-nÀ-\-n-ta-j-w t\-m-¡-n \-n-¶-p-. \-m-«-n-se tk-m-j-y-e-n-Ì-v ]-mÀ-«-n {]-hÀ-¯-I-c-nÂ {]-[-m-\-n-b-m-W-v C-¡-m-¡. A-S-n-b-´-c-m-h-Ø I-m-e-¯-v td-m-U-n-se C-e-{Î-n-I-v t]-m-Ì-nÂ sh-f-n-¨-s¸-«-v \-n-¶-n-c-p-¶ H-c-p _Ä-_-nsâ N-p-h-«-n-e-n-c-p-¶-v sI-a-n-k-v-{S-n-b-n-se G-sX-m-s¡-tb-m X-X-z-§Ä ]T-n-¡-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-t±-l-w. t\-c-ta-sd I-g-n-ª-n-«-p-w AÀ-[ c-m-{X-n-b-m-b-n-«-p-w C-¡-m-¡ h-c-m-sX-b-m-b-t¸-mÄ D-½-b-p-w s]-ä-p-½-b-p-w I-q-S-n ]-m-tb-c-w ]-d-b-m³ X-p-S-§-n. A-¶-v F-§-s\-tb-m t\-c-w sh-f-p-¸-n-¨-p. ]-n-s¶ ta-m-l-t\-«-t\-m-S-v c-m-h-n-se-¯-s¶ t]-m-b-n ]-d-ª-X-n-\-v ti-j-a-m-W-v C-¡-m-¡-sb h-n-«-b-¨-X-v. A-¶-v c-m-{X-n s]-ä-½ \-n-¿-¯-m-¡-n-b a-¦-q-k-v a-u-e-q-Z-v C-¶-v C-¡ KÄ-^-n-te-¡-v t]-m-I-p-¶ Z-n-h-k-w A-X-m A-¸-p-d-¯-v \-S-¡-p-¶-p. C-{_-m-l-n-w a-p-kve-y-mÀ \-o-«-n\-o-«-n a-¦-q-k-v a-u-e-q-Z-v sN-m-Ã-p-¶-p. I-¿-m-e H-¶-m-sI N-µ-\-¯-n-c-n-b-p-sS k-p-K-Ô-[-m-c-b-n-e-m-W-v.

t_-m-w-s_-¡-v t]-m-I-p-¶ P-b-´-n P-\-X s{S-b-n-\-nÂ C-¡-sb b-m-{X-b-m-¡-m³ F-s¶-b-p-w sI-m-ï-p-t]-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-w-_-m-k-n-UÀ I-m-d-n-sâ ]-n³-k-o-ä-nÂ C-¡-m-b-p-sS A-S-p-¯-m-W-v R-m-\-n-c-p-¶-X-v. C-¡-sb b-m-{X-b-m-¡-n h-¶ A-¶-v R-m³ G-sd t\-c-w C-c-p-¶-v I-c-ª-p. ]-d-¼-nÂ A-¨-m-e-p-w a-p-¨-m-e-p-w \-S-¶-p. s]-c-b-p-sS H-u-¯-v G-sd t\-c-w C-c-p-¶-p. C-¡-m-¡-b-p-sS I-¿-m-e-b-n-se H-ä-a-p-d-n G-I-m-´-a-q-

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I-a-m-b-n. A-t±-l-w D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ ta-i-b-n-te-¡-v F-sâ F-«-m-w-¢-m-k-n-se ]-mT-]-p-k-v-X-I-§-f-p-w a-m-X-r-`-q-a-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w I-e-m-I-u-a-p-Z-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w ]-g-b e-¡-§-f-p-w a-m-ä-s¸-«-p.

t_-m-s_-b-nÂ F-¯-n-b h-n-h-c-¯-n-\-v C-¡-m-¡-b-p-sS I-¯-v h-¶-p. F-sâ h-n-h-c-§Ä {]-tX-y-I-w tN-m-Z-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. I-¯-v I-n-«-n-b A-¶-v X-s¶ t]-m-tÌ-m-^-o-k-nÂ t]-m-b-n B-Z-y-a-m-b-n C-c-p-]¯-©-v ss]-k-¡-v C³-eâ-v h-m-§-n. c-m-{X-n-b-nÂ N-n-½-n-\-n h-n-f-¡-v I-¯-n-¨-p-sh-¨-v D-½-b-p-sS h-m-¡-p-IÄ tI-«-v ]-IÀ-¯-n F-g-p-X-n. s]-ä-½-b-p-w a-p-d-p-¡-m³-]-m-{X-w X-p-d-¶-v sh-¨-v C-S-¡-v I-b-d-n C-X-p-w-I-q-S-n F-h-p-X-n-t¡-m F-¶v ]-d-b-m³ X-p-S-§-n.

F-{X-b-p-w {]-n-b-s¸-« a-I³ D-k-v-a-m³ h-m-b-n-¨-d-n-b-p-h-m³ ]-n-s¶-b-p-Å-sX-m-s¡ {]-b-m-k-§-f-m-W-v. A-Z-m-_-n-sâ a-j-n-]-p-c-ï A-£-c-§Ä D-½-b-p-sS a-p-d-p-¡-n N-p-h-¸-n-¨ N-p-ï-n-e-q-sS N-n-½-n-\-n h-n-f-¡-n-sâ k-m-£-n sh-f-n-¨-X-nÂ h-m-sa-m-g-n-b-m-b-n {]-h-l-n-¨-p. C³-eâ-n-sâ ]-c-n-a-n-X-a-m-b \-m-e-v ]-p-d-§-f-n-te-¡-v A-h ]-IÀ-¯-n-sh-¨-p. I-¯-v N-p-c-p-¡-n a-d-p-]-S-n-¡-v I-m-¯-p-sI-m-ï-v, {]-n-b-¯-nÂ D-½ F-¶-v I-¯-v D-]-k-w-l-c-n-¨-p. D-½ h-S-¡-n-\-n-b-nÂ t]-m-b-n tN-m-ä-p-w I-p-«-b-nÂ I-¿-n-«-p ]-c-X-n A-s©-«-v h-ä-v sI-m-ï-p-h-¶-p. h-ä-v tNÀ-¯-v I-s¯-m-«-n-¨-p. \-m-sf c-m-h-n-se X-s¶ t]-m-Ì-v sN-¿-W-w. D-½-b-p-sS B-Ú h-¶-p. C³-eâ-nÂ A-{U-sÊ-g-p-X-n N-c-n-{X-h-p-w ]-u-c-[À-a-¯-nÂ A-I-v -_À N-{I-hÀ-¯-n-b-p-sS ]-S-a-p-Å t]-P-nÂ sh-¨-p. c-m-h-n-se a-p-k-v-l-^v F-S-p-¯-v C-Ê-¯-pÂ C-kve-m-w a-{Z-k F-¶ H-m-¯-p-]-Å-n-b-n-te-

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¡-m-b-n \-nÂ-¸-\-b-m-b-n H-c-p k-p-sse-a-m-\-n-b-p-w h-n-«-v a-p-ä-t¯-¡-n-d-§-p-t¼-mÄ D-½-b-p-sS ]-n³-h-n-f-n.

"sN-¡-m D-k-v-a-m³-¡-v-Å I-¯-v C-S-v-¡-m³ a-d-¶ C-Öv.' R-m³ ]-n³-X-n-c-n-ª-v h-¶-v N-c-n-{X-h-p-w ]-u-c-[À-½-h-p-w X-p-d-¶-p. A-I-v-_À N-{I-hÀ-¯-n-sb sX-m« C³-eâ-v F-S-p-¯-v a-p-k-v-l-^-n-sâ D-d A-g-n-¨-v I-¯-v ̀ -{Z-a-m-b-n sh-¨-p.

H-m-¯-p-]-Å-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v A-e-n-^-p-w _-m-b-p-w a-p-g-§-p-¶-p. H-m-¯-p-]-e-I-IÄ D-d-¡-N-S-h-p-Å I-p-ª-p I¬-t]-m-f-IÄ X-n-c-p-½-n A-d-_-n A-£-c-§Ä h-m-b-n-¡-p-¶-p. k-p-_-vln I-g-n-ª-v h-n-i-¶-v ]-Å-h-ä-n-b l-u-f-n-te-¡-v h-Ã-n-¸ F-¶ h-n-f-n-t¸-c-p-Å C-{_-m-l-n a-p-kve-y-m-c-p-sS A-c-p-a i-n-j-y³ ]-Å-n-¡-n-W-ä-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w sh-Å-w tI-m-c-n H-g-n-¡-p-¶-p. I-¸-n-b-p-w I-b-d-p-w X-½-nÂ h-g-¡-p-w h-¡-m-W-¯-n-e-p-a-m-W-v. I-c-I-c...I-n-c-n-I-n-c-n... R-m³ H-m-¯-p-]-Å-n-b-nÂ I-b-d-m-sX a-{Z-k h-e-w sh-¨-v \-n-k-v-I-m-c-]-Å-n-b-p-w I-S-¶-v S-q-d-n-Ì-v tl-m-«-e-n-\-v a-p-¶-n-se-¯-n. _-o-c-m-h-p-l-m-P-n-b-p-sS ]-o-S-n-I X-p-d-¶-n-«-n-Ã. c-ï-v ̀ -o-a-m-I-m-c-a-m-b a-s®-® S-n-¶-v ]-o-S-n-I-¡-v I-m-h-e-m-W-v. R-m³ t]-m-tÌ-m-^-o-k-n-sâ a-p-¶-n-se-¯-n. A-X-m N-p-h-¶-v X-p-c-p-¼-n-¨ te-m-l-s¸-«-n. A-X-n-sâ C-¯-n-c-n h-n-SÀ-¶ sX-m-Å-X-p-d-¶-v I-¯-v s]-«-n-b-n-te-¡-n-«-p. I-¯-v h-o-g-p-¶ H-¨-tI-«-p. _-n-k-v-a-n sN-m-Ã-n A-X-v C-{_-m-l-n-w a-p-kve-y-m-c-p-sS D]-tZ-i-a-m-W-v.

a-¡-tf... H-m-b-v... X-n-¶-p-t¼-m-g-p-w I-p-S-n-¡-p-t¼-m-g-p-w D-d-§-p-t¼-m-g-p-w D-W-c-p-t¼-m-g-p-w I-b-d-p-t¼-m-g-p-w C-d-§-p-t¼-m-g-p-w _-n-k-v-a-n sN-m-Ã-m³ a-d-t¡-z-m...

H-m-¯-p-]-Å-n-¡-v H-ä-N-¦-m-W-v... "a-d-¡-n-Ã.'

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"F-¶-m sN-m-Ã-n-t¡-m-f-n³... _-n-k-v-a-n-Ã-m-l-n d-Ò-m-\-n d-l-o-w.'

I-¯-v-s]-«-n C-S-p-t¼-m-g-p-w _-n-k-v-a-n B-I-m-a-tÃ-m. s\-©-¯-S-p-¡-n-¸-n-S-n-¨ a-p-k-v-l-^-v D-d-b-p-a-m-b-n H-m-¯-p-]-Å-n-b-n-te-¡-v I-b-d-n sN-¶-p. ta-¸-m-S-¡-m-c-p-sS I-q-«-¯-nÂ sN-¶-n-c-p-¶-p. 22þ-m-w P-q-k-p-h-p-w a-d-¨-p-sh-¨-p. a-sä-m-c-p _-n-k-v-a-n-b-n-te-¡-v A-`-n-j-n-]-v-X-\-m-b-n. H-m-¯-p-]-Å-n I-p-«-n-b-m-b-n. H-¼-X-p-a-W-n-b-m-b-n H-m-¯-p-]-Å-n kz-Ã-Ã-m-l-p A-e-m a-p-l-½-Z-v, b d-º-n kz-Ã-n A-sse-h-n-k-Ã-w sN-m-Ã-n ]-n-c-n-ª-p. a-p-kv-l^-v D-d-b-p-sS h-Å-n-b-p-sS A-h-k-m-\-sI-«-v sI-«-p-t¸-mÄ sa-m-b-v-Ã-y-mÀ \-o-«-n h-n-f-n-¨-p.

"k-D-u-Z-v..'R-m³ sa-m-b-v-e-y-m-c-p-sS A-S-p-t¯-¡-v sN-¶-p. k-p-

K-Ô-l-m-c-n-b-m-b sa-m-Ã-y-m-I-m-sä-m-g-p-I-n."D-k-v-a-m-sâ I-¯-v h-¶-m...' H-m³ t]À-j-y-b-n-

se-¯-n-tb-m... C-Ã? C-¡ t_-m-w-_-b-n-se-¯-n-b-n-t«-sb-m-Å-q. H-c-p a-m-k-w I-g-n-ª-n-s« I-¸-se-m-Å-q. "k-p-_-v-l-m-\-Ã-m-l-v..'

ta-m³ I-s¯-g-p-X-p-t¼-mÄ sa-m-b-v-e-y-m-c-p-sS H-c-p k-e-m-w sh-b-v-¡-W-w.' sa-m-b-v-e-y-mÀ A-¶-s¯ N-o-c-W-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v H-c-p ]-y-m-c-o-k-v a-p-«-m-b-n I-q-S-n I-m-k-]-n-ª-m-W-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-v ssI-b-nÂ sh-¨-p X-¶-p.

]-y-m-c-o-k-v a-p-«-m-b-n tX-m-e-v s]-m-f-n-¨-v B a-n-¶-p-¶ I-S-e-m-k-v H-¶-p-I-q-S-n \-¡-n \-p-W-ª-v C-P-m-k-n-sâ ssI-b-p-w ]-S-n-¨-v R-§Ä H-m-¯-p-]-Å-n I-p-«-n-IÄ h-o-«-n-te-¡-v H-g-p-I-m³ X-p-S-§-n $

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Hmdnbâenkw, »mIv eohvkv amäÀ, ̂ ekvXo³]n´pW XpS§nb sskZnsâ [njWmhym]mc-§fpw

i{Xp¡fpsS ]cmPbhpw hnebncp¯p¶p.

l-m-a-n-Z-v Z-_-m-j-n/e-p-J-v-a-m³ F-S-¸-mÄ[email protected]

F-tU-zÀ-U-vssk-Z-p-wi-{X-p-¡-f-p-w

F-tU-zÀ-U-v ssk-Z-v (1935-þ2003), X-sâ A-I-m-e-a-c-W-¯-n-\-v hÀ-j-§Ä-¡-p-ti-j-h-p-w

sI-m-S-p-w-X-n-c-a-m-e-IÄ \-n-d-ª te-m-I-N-c-n-{X-s¯ a-p-d-n-¨-p-I-S-¡-p-t¼-mÄ \-½-p-sS a-p-t¶-m-«-p-Å h-g-n-b-nÂ sh-f-n-¨-w ]-I-c-p-¶-p-ï-v.

A-[-n-I-m-c-t¯-m-S-n-§-s\ D-d-¨ k-X-y-w ]-d-b-m-\-p-Å A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ h-n-«-p-h-o-g-v-N-b-n-Ã-m-¯ I-c-p-¯-n-\-v ]-n-¶-n-se t{k-m-X-k-p-w I-m-c-W-h-p-sa-´-m-b-n-

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c-p-¶-p? A-tX ]-m-I-X-b-n-te-¡-v H-c-p X-e-a-p-d-b-n-se \-n-c-q-]-I N-n-´-I-sc {]-m-]-v-X-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-se N-m-e-I-h-p-sa-´-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p?

te-m-I-¯-n-sâ h-y-X-y-k-v-X ̀ -m-K-§-f-nÂ \-o-X-n-¡-v th-ï-n a-p-d-h-n-f-n I-q-«-p-¶ \-nÀ-W-m-b-I a-p-t¶-ä-§-sf X-p-e-y-{]-m-[-m-\-y-t¯-m-sS \-nÀ-h-N-n-¡-p-¶-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w \-½-p-sS-b-p-w X-e-a-p-d-b-p-sS c-m-{ã-o-b-m-S-n-¯-d-sb \-nÀ-h-N-n-¨ c-o-X-n-b-m-W-v ̂ -e-k-v-X-o³ h-n-j-b-¯-n-se G-ä-h-p-w {i-t²-b-\-m-b h-à-m-h-m-b-n F-tU-zÀ-U-v sk-b-v-Z-n-sâ [-mÀ-a-n-I-h-p-w ss[-j-W-n-I-h-p-a-m-b k-z-`-m-h-s¯ \-nÀ-W-b-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

a-ä-p-Å-h-c-p-sS sN-e-h-nÂ X-§-f-p-sS {]-tX-y-I c-m-{ã-o-b k-m-l-N-c-y-§-sf \-nÀ-h-N-n-¡-p-¶ {]-m-tZ-i-n-I h-m-Z-n-I-f-p-sS t\À F-X-nÀ-Z-n-i-b-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-t±-l-w \-n-e-b-p-d-¸-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. ssk-Z-n-s\-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å C-u X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-h-v ssh-I-m-c-n-I k-z-m-[-o-\-¯-n-sâ ]-n³-_-e-¯-n-e-p-Å-X-Ã. ]-c-n-]-I-z-a-m-b ss[-j-W-n-I ssk-²-m-X-n-I X-e-§-f-n-te-¡-v c-q-]-m-´-c-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b X-oÀ-¯-p-w [-mÀ-a-n-I-h-p-w ss\-X-n-I-h-p-a-m-b A-S-n-¯-d-b-p-Å-X-m-W-X-v.

ssk-Z-n-sâ c-m-{ã-o-b ss[-j-W-n-I \-n-th-Z-\-¯-n-sâ k-mÀ-h-e-u-I-n-I-X A-´À-tZ-i-o-b X-e-¯-nÂ NÀ-¨-b-m-b-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ k-a-b-¯-v c-ï-v {]-[-m-\ ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-I-f-nÂ F-\-n-¡-v k-w-_-Ô-n-¡-m-\-m-b-n. ]-X-n-ä-m-ï-p-I-f-m-b-n X-sâ a-c-W-w h-sc ssk-Z-v A-[-y-m-]-\-w \-S-¯-n-b-n-c-p-¶ sI-m-f-w-_-n-b b-q-\-n-th-g-v -k-n-ä-n-b-n-se C-ä-m-e-n-b³ A-¡-m-U-a-n t^-mÀ A-U-z-m³-k-v-U-v Ì-U-o-k-v 2000, H-tÎ-m-_À-þ-\-

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h-w-_À I-m-e-b-f-h-nÂ k--v-I-qÄ H-m-^-v k-_-mÄ-«¬ Ì-U-o-k-v Ø-m-]-I-\-m-b {]-a-p-J C-´-y³ N-c-n-{X-I-m-c³ d-m-W-P-n-¯-v K-p-l-b-p-sS t\-X-r-X-z-¯-nÂ k-w-L-S-n-¸-n-¨ e-I-v-NÀ k-o-c-o-k-n-e-m-W-v B-Z-y-a-m-b-n ]-s¦-S-p-¯-X-v.

k-_-mÄ-«³ Ì-U-o-k-v A-ä-v e-mÀ-P-v F-¶-v R-§Ä h-n-f-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ K-p-l-b-p-sS {]-`-m-j-W ]-c-¼-c-b-p-sS ]-Ý-m-X-e-¯-nÂ R-m-\-p-w F-sâ sI-m-f-w-_-n-b³ k-p-l-r-¯-v K-m-b-{X-n k-v-]-n-h-m-¡-p-w I-q-sS c-ï-p-Z-n-h-k-s¯ H-c-p tI-m¬-^-d³-k-v k-w-L-S-n-¸-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. B ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-b-p-sS B-Z-y ¹-o-\-d-n sk-j-\-nÂ a-p-J-y-{]-`-m-j-W-w \-S-¯-n-b-X-v ssk-Z-v B-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

G-j-y, B-{^-n-¡, e-m-ä-n³ A-ta-c-n-¡, H-m-k-v-t{S-e-n-b, b-q-td-m-¸-v, A-ta-c-n-¡ X-p-S-§-n-b c-m-P-y-§-f-n-se \-n-c-q-]-I N-n-´-I-sc-b-p-w ]-Þ-n-X-·-m-sc-b-p-w R-§Ä C-u ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-b-n-te-¡-v £-W-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. A-h-sc-Ã-m-w A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¨ NÀ-¨-I-f-p-sS k-w-£-n-]-v-X-w ssk-Z-n-sâ c-N-\-b-n-se ssh-h-n-[-y B-h-n-j-v-I-m-c-§-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

a-sä-m-c-n-¡Â, "H-m-d-n-bâ-e-n-k-w' F-¶ X-sâ ]-p-k-v-X-I-¯-n-sâ C-c-p-]-¯-n-b-©-m-w h-mÀ-j-n-I-w

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B-tL-m-j-n-¡-p-¶ th-f-b-nÂ, A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ a-c-W-¯-n-\-v G-X-m-\-p-w a-m-k-§Ä-¡-p-a-p-¼-v, 2003 G-{]-nÂ a-m-k-¯-nÂ, F-sâ U-n-¸-mÀ-«-v-saâ-v sN-bÀ F-¶ \-n-e-b-nÂ A-£-c-mÀ-Y-¯-nÂ te-m-I-¯-n-sâ \-m-e-v Z-n-¡-n-e-p-a-p-Å {]-KÛ ]-Þ-n-X-sc ]-s¦-S-p-¸-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-v R-m-s\-m-c-p CâÀ-\-m-j-\Â tI-m¬-^-d³-k-v k-w-L-S-n-¸-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. A-X-n-sâ A-h-k-m-\ `-m-K-¯-v h-n-j-b-w k-w-{K-l-n-¨-v A-`-n-{]-m-b-§Ä tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-X-v ssk-Z-v B-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

X-p-S-¡-¯-n-se {]-X-o-£-IÄ-¡-p-a-¸-p-d-w H-m-d-n-bâ-e-n-k-w F-¶ B-i-b-¯-n-sâ A-´-Ê-m-c B-tK-m-f-X-e-¯-nÂ X-oÀ-¡-p-¶ A-\-p-c-W-\-c-o-X-n-¡-v C-u tI-m¬-^-d³-k-n-e-q-sS-b-p-w R-§Ä-¡-v k-m-£-n-b-m-I-m³ I-g-n-ª-p. \-n-c-q-]-I N-n-´-I-c-m-b \-o-sj (Nietzsche) a-p-XÂ {K-m-w-j-n (Gramsci) h-sc, A-tU-m-tW-m (Adorno) a-p-XÂ ̂ -m-\¬ (Fanon) h-sc-b-p-Å a-p-g-p-h³ \-n-c-q-]-I N-n-´-I-c-p-sS-b-p-w k-w-`-m-h-\-IÄ ssk-Z-n-sâ I-r-X-n-b-nÂ k-z-c-t¨À-¨-tb-m-sS k-t½-f-n-¨-X-m-b-n \-a-p-¡-v I-m-W-m-\-m-h-p-w.

ssk-Z-n-s\ A-[-n-t£-]-n-¡-p-¶-p a-n-¡ \-m-K-c-n-I-þ-k-w-k--v-I-r-X P-\-§-f-p-w [-mÀ-a-n-

I-þ-c-m-{ã-o-b D-Z-v -_-p-²-X ssI-h-c-n-¨-h-c-p-w A-t±-l-s¯ A-d-n-b-m-\-p-w k-v-t\-l-n-¡-m-\-p-w C-t¸-mÄ H-mÀ-¡-m-\-p-w, F-´-n-t\-sd k-z-´-w c-m-{ã-o-b ]-²-X-n-IÄ-¡-v A-\-p-K-p-W-a-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-hÀ A-t±-l-s¯ B-Z-c-n-¡-m-\-p-w I-S-¸-m-S-p-sï-¶ F-sâ B-i-b-s¯ D-u-¶-n-¸-d-b-m-\-m-W-v R-m-\-o H-mÀ-a-IÄ ]-¦-p-h-¨-X-v.

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X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-p-w, ssk-Z-n-s\ A-[-n-t£-]-n-¡-m³ h-yÀ-Y-a-m-b-n H-c-p-§-n-¯-n-c-n-¨ H-c-p-]-m-S-v \-o-N-c-m-b _-²-ssh-c-n-I-f-p-ï-v. A-¯-c-¯-n-e-p-Å H-c-p-]-m-S-v I-m-c-y-§Ä C-u-b-S-p-¯-m-b-n F-sâ {i-²-b-nÂ-s¸-«-p. C-t¸-mÄ \-y-q-k-v h-o-¡-n-e-p-w a-ä-p ]-e-b-n-S-§-f-n-e-p-w A-X-v I-m-W-m-\-m-b-n.

»-m-¡-v e-o-h-v-k-v a-m-äÀ k-a-c-§-sf X-m-g-v-¯-n-s¡-«-n, {S-w-]-n-sâ X-e-X-n-c-n-ª {`-m-´³ `-c-W-s¯ \-m-e-p hÀ-j-w I-q-S-n ]-n-S-n-¨-p-\-nÀ-¯-m³ {i-a-n-¡-p-¶, A-X-n-e-q-sS C-{k-tb-e-n-\-v H-c-p A-h-k-m-\ k-m-b-p-[ sI-m-Å-b-n-e-q-sS _-m-¡-n-b-p-Å ̂ -e-k-v-X-o³ `-m-K-§-sf ]-n-S-n-s¨-S-p-¡-m³ ]-ä-p-¶ c-q-]-¯-nÂ C-{k--tbÂ A-\-p-I-q-e F-U-n-äÀ A-d-_-n-IÄ-¡-p-w a-p-kve-n-w-IÄ-¡-p-w ({]-tX-y-I-n-¨-v ̂ -e-k-v-X-o-\-n-IÄ-¡-v) t\-sc h-n-tZ-z-j-w h-n-f-¼-p-¶ H-c-p t^-m-d-w B-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶ ]-c-p-h-¯-n-te-¡-v \-y-q-k-v h-o-¡-n-sâ H-¸-o-\-n-b³ t]-P-v a-m-d-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. A-h-sb-Ã-m-w ssI-a-m-d-p-¶-X-v H-tc ̂ -m-e-k-n-b-m-W-v: A-hÀ-¡-v BÄ a-m-d-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. A-hÀ A-t\-z-j-n-¡-p-¶-n-S-¯-Ã A-t±-l-a-p-Å-X-v.

a-m-\-h-n-I ]-¦-m-f-n-¯-wX-sâ k-aÀ-¸-n-X P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-e-q-sS b-q-td-m

sk³-{S-n-I-v X-e-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v a-m-d-n, ̂ -e-k-v-X-o-\-n-b³ tZ-i-o-b X-m-X-v-]-c-y-§-sf tI-{µ-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶, X-sâ I-m-e-s¯ G-ä-h-p-w {]-[-m-\-s¸-« {]-i-v-\-§-sf A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶ {]-tX-y-I ss[-j-W-n-I h-y-h-l-m-c-w A-t±-l-w c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¯-n.

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C-u \-nÀ-W-m-b-I a-m-\-h-n-I ]-¦-m-f-n-¯-a-m-W-v B-tK-m-f NÀ-¨-b-p-sS tI-{µ Ø-m-\-t¯-¡-v ̂ -e-k-v-X-o-s\ F-¯-n-¨-X-v. X-sâ h-n-J-y-m-X {K-Ù-¯-n-e-q-sS sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n-¨ b-q-td-m-þ-b-q-\-n-th-g-v-k-e-n-k-s¯ X-c-n-¸-W-a-m-¡-p-¶ c-o-X-n-b-nÂ ̂ -e-k-v-X-o³ {]-i-v-\-s¯ X-oÀ-¯-p-w a-m-\-h-n-I X-e-¯-n-e-q-sS B-tK-m-f {i-² ]-X-n-¸-n-¡-m³ A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ C-S-s]-SÂ I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n.

k-z-´-a-m-sb-m-c-p ss[-j-W-n-I ]-m-c-¼-c-y-a-n -Ã-m-¯ C-c-p-]-X-m-w \-q-ä-m-ï-n-se A-ta-c-n-¡³ k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-nÂ \-nÀ-W-m-b-I-a-m-b c-ï-p {]-[-m-\ ss[-j-W-n-I s{S³-U-p-IÄ 1930 I-f-n-se P-q-X I-p-S-n-tb-ä [-n-j-W-m-i-m-e-n-I-f-p-w, l-mÀ-se-w \-th-m-°-m-\-¯-n-se (Harlem Renaissance) B-{^-n-¡³-þ-A-ta-c-n-¡³ ss[-j-W-n-I-c-p-a-m-W-v. A-h-b-p-sS G-ä-h-p-w \-Ã D-Z-m-l-c-W-w l-¶ B-scâ-p-w (Hannah Arendt), sP-b-n-w-k-v _-m-U-z-n-\-p-a-m-W-v (James Baldwin).

B-Z-y-t¯-X-nÂ, b-q-td-m-¸-n-se \-m-k-n-IÄ-¡-v t\-sc A-g-n-¨-p-h-n-« a-m-c-I ]-o-U-\-§-f-p-sS K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡-f-m-b-n A-ta-c-n-¡ a-m-d-n. A-X-p-t]-m-se c-ï-m-a-t¯-X-nÂ, B-{^-n-¡³-þ-A-ta-c-n-¡-¡-m-sc S-mÀ-K-ä-v sN-b-v-X-v h-w-i-o-b-X-sb ̀ -o-I-c-h-X-v-I-c-n-s¨-¦-n-e-p-w ̀ -m-K-y-h-i-mÂ A-X-nâ C-c-I-f-n-e-q-sS c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ [-mÀ-a-n-I-h-p-w ss[-j-W-n-I-h-p-a-m-b N-n-´-IÄ-¡-v ]-p-X-n-b \-n-d-w-]-I-c-m³ k-m-[-n-¨-p.

C-u c-ï-v ]-m-c-¼-c-y-§-f-p-sS-b-p-w ]-n³-K-m-a-n F-¶ \-n-e-¡-v A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ P-o-h-n-X-I-m-e-s¯ G-ä-h-p-w h-e-n-b t\-«-w B-scâ-n-sâ-b-p-w _-m-U-z-n-sâ-b-p-w i-à-a-m-b ]-m-c-¼-c-y-§Ä-I-n-S-b-nÂ X-s¶ A-d-_-v/a-p-k-v -e-n-w/I-p-S-n-tb-ä ss[-j-W-n-IÀ-¡-v

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I-r-X-y-a-m-b H-c-p C-S-w h-o-sï-S-p-¡-m³ k-m-[-n-¨-p F-¶-X-m-W-v. ssk-Z-v A-X-n-s\ B AÀ-Y-¯-nÂ I-ï-n-«-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. I-m-c-W-w, PÀ-a³-þ-P-q-X X-X-z-N-n-´-I-\-m-b X-n-tb-m-UÀ A-tU-m-tW-m-sb B-g-¯-nÂ a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w X-sâ I-p-S-n-tb-ä k-m-l-N-c-y-§-sf ssk-²-m-´-n-I-h-X-v-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p ssk-Z-v.

F-¶-mÂ C-u I-p-S-n-tb-ä Z-mÀ-i-\-n-I-c-p-sS \-n-g-e-n-e-m-b-n ̂ -p-B-Z-v A-P-a-n-sb (Fouad Ajami) t]-m-e-p-Å-hÀ a-p-t¶-m-«-p-h-¶-p. I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n ]-d-ª-mÂ, I-p-S-n-tb-ä P-q-X-·-m-c-p-sS-b-p-w A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-s¸-« B-{^-n-¡³-þ-A-ta-c-n-¡³ ss[-j-W-n-IÀ-¡-n-S-b-nÂ H-c-p {]-tX-y-I ssP-h-n-I [-n-j-W-m-h-n-e-m-k-w B-tK-m-f-X-e-¯-nÂ ssk-Z-v D-bÀ-¯-n-s¡-m-ï-p-h-¶-p F-¶-X-m-W-v.

\-o-N-a-m-b X-§-f-p-sS ̂ -e-k-v-X-o³ sI-m-Å-IÄ-¡-v A-ta-c-n-¡³ a-mÀ-¡-ä-p-IÄ a-p-¶-n-e-p-sï-¶-v I-c-p-X-n-b hÀ-K-o-b-h-m-Z-n-I-f-m-b k-b-W-n-Ì-p-I-sf I-p-g-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v A-ta-c-n-¡³ A-\-p-`-h-¯-nÂ ssk-Z-n-\-v c-q-]-s¸-« {]-X-n-Ñ-m-b-b-m-W-v. ]-t£ A-hÀ B-b-p-[-§-f-p-w c-m-{ã-o-b k-w-c-£-W-h-p-w tX-S-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ k-m-{a-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ s\-d-p-sI-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v D-bÀ-¶-p h-¶ A-\-n-tj-[-y-i-Ð-a-m-W-v "F-U-z-mÀ-U-v ssk-Z-v'.

X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-p-w, h-n-i-m-e-a-m-b te-m-I-w A-t±-l-s¯ A-K-m-[-a-m-b-n k-v-t\-l-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w B-Z-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p F-¶ A-tX I-m-c-W-w sI-m-ï-v A-hÀ X-n-I-ª ssh-c-m-K-y-t¯-m-sS A-t±-l-s¯ sh-d-p-¡-p-¶-p. »-m-¡-v e-o-h-v-k-v a-m-äÀ k-a-c-`-m-h-§Ä-

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¡-v {]-tN-m-Z-\-w \Â-I-n F-¶-X-p-sI-m-ï-v A-hÀ ssk-Z-n-s\ I-p-ä-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p. C-sX-m-c-p I-p-ä-m-tc-m-]-W-a-Ã. B-tL-m-j-¯-n-\-p-Å \-n-Z-m-\-w a-m-{X-a-m-W-v.

B-{^-n-¡³-þ-A-ta-c-n-¡-¡-m-c-p-sS N-c-n-{X-]-c-a-m-b \-o-X-n-¡-p-th-ï-n-b-p-Å k-a-c-§-f-nÂ ssk-Z-v F-¶-p-w B-th-i-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. B-R-v-P-e tU-h-n-k-v, tI-mÀ-WÂ sh-Ì-v, B-e-n-k-v h-m-¡À, F-U-n F-k-v ¥-u-U-v P-q-\-n-bÀ X-p-S-§-n-b {i-t²-b h-y-à-n-X-z-§-f-n-e-p-w ssk-Z-n-sâ h-y-à-h-p-w D-¶-X-h-p-a-m-b i-Ð-¯-n-sâ A-\-p-c-W-\-§-f-p-w X-sâ A-\-n-X-c-k-m-[-m-c-W-a-m-b ss[-j-W-n-I k-z-m-[-o-\-i-à-n F-§-s\ »-m-¡-v e-o-h-v -k-v a-m-ä-d-n-te-¡-v k-¶-n-th-i-n-¸-n-¨-p F-¶ c-o-X-n-b-p-w \-½Ä X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-p-¶-p.

I-d-p-¯ A-ta-c-n-I-¡-mÀ-¡-p-w ̂ -e-k-v-X-o-\-n-IÄ-¡-p-w H-c-p t]-m-se-\-o-X-n e-`-n-¡-W-sa-¶-v B-{K-l-n-¡-p-¶ G-sX-m-c-p A-d-_-n-b-p-w ̂ -e-k-v-X-o-\-n-b-p-w G-j-y-b-n-e-p-w B-{^-n-¡-b-n-e-p-w e-m-ä-n-\-ta-c-n-¡-b-n-e-p-a-p-Å-h-c-p-w ssk-Z-n-sâ C-u a-u-e-n-I-a-m-b {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-nÂ D-u-ä-w sI-m-Å-p-¶-h-c-m-W-v $

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C-W-IÄ X-½-nÂ h-k-v-{X-w t]-m-se F-¶ D-]-a-b-m-W-tÃ-m \-½-p-sS B-te--m-N-\. A-X-n-sâ

a-t\-m-l-c-a-m-b AÀ-Y-]-c-n-k-c-w I-q-S-n ]-d-b-m-w. k-w-kÀ-K-t\-c-§-f-nÂ h-n-h-k-v-{X-c-m-I-p-¶ C-W-IÄ-¡-v A-hÀ ]-c-k-v-]-c-w h-k-v-{X-a-m-b-n X-o-c-p-¶-p. A-h³ A-h-f-p-tS-b-p-w A-hÄ A-h-tâ-b-p-w a-d. i-c-o-c-w sI-m-

C-W-I-fp-sSDÄ-_-ew

CWIÄ ]-c-kv]-cw ]p-S-h-bm-Ip-¶-Xn-sâ AÀ-Y-km-c-§-fn-te-¡v

k-©-cn-¡p¶p.

C.hn A-_vZpd-lvam³[email protected]

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ï-p-Å a-d. ]-c-k-v-]-c-w h-k-v-{X-a-m-sW-¶ J-pÀ-B³ c-q-]-I-w F-{X k-p-µ-c-w!

\-m-W-w a-d-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-m-W-v h-k-v-{X-w. \-K-v-\-X sh-f-n-s¸-S-p-¯-c-p-X-v. H-ä-¡-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w A-\-m-h-i-y-¯-n-\-v h-n-h-k-v-{X-cm-I-c-p-X-v. I-p-f-n-¡-p-t¼-m-g-p-w \-K-v-\-X a-d-¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v D-N-n-X-w. \-t¶ sN-d-p-¸-¯-nÂ A-_-q-X-z-m-e-n-_-n-sâ I-q-sS I-Av-_ {]-Z-£-n-W-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-n-sS \-_-n-b-p-sS X-p-W-n D-c-n-ª-t¸-mÄ \-_-n t_-m-[-c-l-n-X-\-m-sb-¶-v ]-d-b-p-¶-p-ï-v. \-K-v-\-X-b-p-sS I-m-c-y-¯-nÂ C-{X-b-p-w k-q-£-v-a-X a-X-¯-nÂ I-m-W-m-\-m-I-p-w. ss]-i-m-N-n-I k-z-m-[-o-\-w i-c-o-c-¯-n-e-p-w a-\-k-n-e-p-w F-f-p-¸-¯-nÂ I-b-ä-n-b-n-c-p-¯-m³ \-K-v-\-X-m-{]-ZÀ-i-¯-n-\-v I-g-n-b-p-w.

\-K-v-\-X a-m-{X-a-Ã a-d-t¡ïX-v A-i-p-²-t_-m-[-§-sf I-q-S-n a-d-¨-p sh-¡-W-w. \-Ã t_-m-[-§-f-p-w i-p-² i-o-e-§-f-p-w sI-m-ï-m-W-v A-i-p-²-t_-m-[-§-sf a-d-t¡-ï-X-v. ]-t£ sX-ä-nÂ _-Ô-n-X-a-m-W-v \-½-p-sS i-c-o-c-w. c-l-k-y-a-m-b-n A-\-p-i-o-e-n-¡-p-¶ A-]-c-m-[-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v c-£-s¸-S-m³ ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w \-a-p-¡-v I-g-n-b-p-¶-n-Ã. H-c-p-th-f B A-]-c-m-[-§-sf-m-s¡-b-p-w c-l-k-y-a-d s]-m-«-n-¨-v ]-p-d-¯-v N-m-S-p-t¼-mÄ

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\-½Ä B-sI ]-c-n-{`-a-n-¡-p-¶-p. F-´-p sN-¿-W-sa-¶-d-n-b-m-sX D-g-d-p-¶-p. C-u a-d \-o-¡-c-p-tX d-tº F-¶-v \-½-p-sS s\-©-p-c-p-I-p-¶-p. l-±-m-Z-n-sâ H-S-p-h-nÂ, a-d \-o-¡-n-¡-f-b-c-p-tX \-m-Y-m F-s¶-m-c-p Z-p-B-b-p-ï-v. Z-m-¼-X-y-h-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-«-X-m-W-v a-\-k-n-sâ a-d-b-p-w. Z-m-¼-X-y-s¯ A-c-p-N-n-I-c-a-m-¡-p-¶ A-]-c-m-[-s¯ sX-m-«-v ]-S-t¨-m-t\-m-S-v {]-mÀ-Y-n-¡-W-w. N-p-c-p-¡-¯-nÂ, i-c-o-c-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w a-\-k-n-sâ-b-p-w \-K-v-\-X A-{X-taÂ {]-[-m-\-s¸-«-X-m-W-v. e-Ö h-n-i-z-m-k-¯-n-sâ ̀ -m-K-a-m-W-v F-¶ X-n-c-p-sa-m-g-n-b-nÂ C-u AÀ-Y-]-c-n-k-c-§-sf-m-s¡-b-p-ï-v.

C-W-IÄ ]-c-k-v-]-c-w h-k-v-{X-w t]-m-se F-¶ D-]-a-b-nÂ a-ä-p N-n-e B-J-y-m-\-§Ä I-q-S-n-b-p-ï-v. X-½-nÂ H-«-n-tNÀ-¶-p I-g-n-b-p-¶ C-W-IÄ-¡-n-S-b-nÂ A-]-c³ I-b-d-n-¡-q-S-n-Ã. ]-c-]-p-c-p-j _-Ô-a-p-Å s]-®-p-w ]ckv{X-o _-Ô-a-p -Å B-W-p-w Z-m-¼-X-y-¯-nÂ D-ï-m-I-n-sÃ-¶-v k-m-c-w. H-«-n-t¨-c-e-n-sâ A-b-h-m-W-v _-Ô-¯-nÂ C-S-h-v h-c-p-¯-p-¶-X-v. A-t¸-m-g-m-W-v C-S-b-nÂ th-sd-m-c-mÄ \-p-g-ª-p I-b-d-p-¶-X-v.

C-tK-m k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-m-W-v th-sd-m-c-m-J-y-m-\-w. R-m³ C-¯-n-c-n ta-se-b-m-W-v F-¶-X-m-WX-v. ]-c-k-v-]-c-w h-k-v-{X-a-m-b-n X-oÀ-¶-hÀ-¡-v taÂ-þ-X-m-g-v t`-Z-a-n-Ã-tÃ-m. C-W-I-sf k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v "^-n-d-m-i-v' F-s¶-m-c-p {]-tb-m-K-w I-q-S-n J-pÀ-B-\-n-e-p-ï-v. \-o A-hÄ-¡-p-w A-hÄ \-n-\-¡-p-w h-n-c-n-¸-v / ]-p-X-¸-v F-¶-m-W-X-n-sâ k-m-c-w. C-u t_-m-[-¯-n-\-v C-u-tK-m-ssh-d-k-p-I-sf I-c-n-¨-p-I-f-b-m³-a-m-{X-w ti-j-n-b-p-ï-v.

h-k-v-{X-c-q-]-§Ä A-`-n-a-m-\-s¯ A-S-b-m-f-s¸-S-p-

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¯-p-¶-X-p-t]-m-se, C-W-I-sf sN-m-Ã-n ]-c-k-v-]-c-w A-`-n-a-m-\-n-I-f-m-I-p-¶ hi-s¯-b-p-w C-u h-k-v-{X -D-]-a k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v.

k-p-c-£-b-m-W-v h-k-v-{X-w. N-q-S-nÂ \-n-¶-v. X-W-p-¸-nÂ \-n-¶-v. A-g-p-¡-nÂ \-n-¶-v. k-a-m-\-a-m-W-v C-W-b-p-w. k-p-c-£-b-m-W-X-p-w. sI-m-S-p-w-N-q-S-n-e-p-w s]-m-S-n-b-n-e-p-w A-X-n-\-\-p-k-c-n-¨-p-Å h-k-v-{X-w [-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. a-WÂ-I-m-S-p-I-f-nÂ I-g-n-b-p-¶-h-sc t\-m-¡-q. X-W-p-¯-v a-c-h-n-¡-p-t¼-m-g-m-I-s« A-X-n-\-\-p-k-m-c-a-m-b-X-p-w AWn-bp¶p. C-u c-q-]-§-sf-m-s¡-b-p-w Z-m-¼-X-y-P-o-h-n-X-t¯mS-p-w C-W-tb-m-S-p-Å s]-m-c-p-¯ c-o-X-n-I-tfmS-p-w t-Ncpw.

"]-p-S-h \Â-I-p-I' F-¶-v I-e-y-m-W-¯-n-\-v N-n-e k-w-k--v-I-m-c-§-f-nÂ ]-d-b-m-d-p-ï-v. C-W-IÄ h-k-v-{X-w t]-m-se-b-m-I-W-sa-¶-X-n-sâ H-c-p k-q-N-\ C-X-nÂ I-m-W-m³ I-g-n-b-p-w. t\-m-¡-q A-t\-I-w \-q-e-p-IÄ D-u-S-p-w ]-m-h-p-a-m-b-n tNÀ-¶-m-e-m-W-tÃ-m \-Ã ]-p-S-h-b-p-ï-m-I-p-¶-X-v. C-W-IÄ X-½-nÂ D-u-S-p-w-]-m-h-p-a-m-b-n C-g-]-n-W-ª-v \-nÂ-¡-p-t¼-m-g-m-W-v \-Ã Z-m-¼-X-y N-n-{X-w sX-f-n-b-p-¶-X-v. AXn-sâ ku-Ip-am-cy-X-bnÂ hn-cn-bp-¶ Po-hn-X`w-Kn H-¶v th-sd-¯s¶ $

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1866 s\-Ã-n-¡-p-¯-n-se k-¼-¶ I-p-S-p -w-_-¯-n-e-m-W-v h-m-c-n-b-w-I-p-¶-¯-v I-p-

ª-l-½-Z-v l-m-P-n P-\-n-¨-X-v. A-¡-m-e-s¯ a-n-I-¨ h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w e-`-n-¨ A-t±-l-w ]-n-X-m-h-n-sâ I-¨-h-S-¯-nÂ k-l-m-b-n-b-m-b-n. tZ-i-m-`-n-a-m-\-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p ]-n-X-m-h-v. 1894 C-w-¥-o-j-p-I-mÀ-s¡-X-n-sc \-S-¶ a-®-mÀ-¡-m-S-v e-l-f-b-nÂ ]-s¦-S-p-¯-X-n-\-v ]-n-X-m-h-n-s\ {_-n-«-o-j-p-¡-mÀ B-´-a-m-\-n-te-¡-v \-m-S-p-

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I-S-¯-n. C-c-p-¶-q-td-m-f-w G-¡À h-c-p-¶ I-p-S-p-w-_ k-z-¯-v {_-n-«-o-j-p-I-mÀ ]-n-S-n-s¨-S-p-¯-p. 1894Â \-S-¶ I-e-m-]-¯-nÂ A-S-p-¯ _-Ô-p-¡Ä a-c-W-s¸-«-p. a-®-mÀ-¡-m-S-v e-l-f h-m-c-n-b³-I-p-¶-¯-n-sâ P-o-h-n-X-¯-nÂ h-g-n-¯-n-c-n-h-m-b-n-. ]-n-X-m-h-n-s\ \-m-S-p-I-S-¯-s¸-«-tX-m-sS k-m-{a-m-P-y-X-z h-n-tc-m-[-w a-qÀ-Ñ-n-¨-p. ]-c-k-y-a-m-b-n {_-n-«-o-j-v h-n-c-p-² t]-m-c-m-«-¯-n-te-¡-v C-d-§-p-¶-X-p-w A-tX-m-S-p-I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v. ]-c-¼-c-m-K-X a-m-¸-n-f I-e-I-f-nÂ X-e-v-]-c-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶ l-m-P-n \-sÃ-m-c-p K-m-b-I-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. B-tb-m-[-\ I-e-I-f-p-w A-t±-l-w A-`-y-k-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p.

1896Â a-t©-c-n tI-m-h-n-e-I-s¯ P-·-n-a-mÀ A-h-c-p-sS I-p-S-n -b-m-·-m-sc H-g-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-Å \-S-]-S-n k-z-o-I-c-n-¨-p X-p-S-§-n. {_-n-«-o-j-v K-h¬-saâ-v P-·-n-a-mÀ-¡-v F-Ã-m k-l-m-b-h-p-w \Â-I-n. C-tX-m-sS ̀ -q-a-n \-ã-a-m-b I-p-S-n-b-m-·-m-sc A-t±-l-w k-w-L-S-n-¸-n-¨-p. {_-n-«-o-j-v h-n-c-p-² k-a-c-§Ä-¡-v t\-X-r-X-z-w \Â-I-W-sa-¶-m-h-i-y-s¸-«-v sI-m-ï-v A-¡-m-e-s¯ {]-a-p-J ]-Þ-n-X-·-mÀ-s¡-Ã-m-w A-t±-l-w I-¯-b-¨-p. N-q-j-W-w A-h-k-m-\-n-¸-n-¡-m-t\-m taÂ-¨-mÀ-¯-p-\Â-I-n ]-g-b I-p-S-n-b-m-·-m-sc h-g-n-b-m-[-m-c-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-v \-nÀ-¯-m-t\-m P-·-n-a-mÀ X-b-m-d-m-b-n-Ã. t]-m-c-m-«-a-Ã-m-sX a-sä-m-c-p h-g-n-b-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã G-d-\-m-«-n-se I-p-S-n-b-·-m-c-m-b IÀ-j-IÀ-¡-v. P-·-n-a-m-sc k-l-m-b-n-¡-m³ {_-n-«-o-j-v K-h¬-saâv ssk-\-y-s¯ h-n-\-y-k-n-¨-p. I-e-m-]-w A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-m³ h-¶ \-qdv {_-n-«-o-j-v ssk-\-n-I-c-nÂ sX-m-®-q-ä-n-\-m-e-p t]-c-p-w sI-m-Ã-s¸-«-p. I-p-ª-l-½-Z-v l-m-P-n-sb A-d-Ì-v sN-¿-m³ C³-k-v-s]-Î-v-SÀ J-m³ _-l-Z-qÀ tN-¡-p-«-n \-S-¯-n-b {i-a-§-

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sf-m-¶-p-w h-n-P-b-n-¨-n-Ã. A-hÀ-¡-v ]-n-S-n-sI-m-S-p-¡-m-sX th-j-{]-Ñ-¶-\-m-b-n I-p-ª-l-½-Z-v l-m-P-n \-m-S-p-h-n-«-p. B-Z-y-w a-p-w-ss_-b-n-te-¡-p-w A-h-n-sS \-n-¶-v a-¡-b-n-te-¡-p-w t]-m-b-n. a-q-¶-p-hÀ-j-s¯ a-¡-m P-o-h-n-X-t¯-m-sS A-t±-l-w a-X-h-n-Ú-m-\-w A-`-y-k-n-¨-p. 1914Â X-n-c-n-s¨-¯-n k-z-´-w \-m-«-nÂ X-m-a-k-n-¡-m³ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¨-p. P-·-\-m-«-nÂ X-m-a-k-n-¡-m³ K-h¬-saâ-v A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-m-¯-X-p I-m-c-W-w sa-m-d-b-q-c-n-\S-p-¯-v- t]-m-¯-p-sh-«-n-¸-m-d-b-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p B-Z-y-w X-m-a-k-n-¨-X-v. a-e-_-mÀ I-e-Î-v-SÀ C-¶-n-k-n-s\ sI-m-e-s¸-S-p-¯-m³ {i-a-n-¨-X-n-sâ t]-c-nÂ A-d-Ì-p sN-¿-s¸-s«-¦-n-e-p-w sX-f-n-h-p-IÄ C-Ã-m-¯-X-n-\-mÂ h-n-«-b-¨-p. A-¡-m-e-¯-v A-t±-l-¯-n-\-v \-n-c-h-[-n t]-m-¯-v h-ï-n-IÄ D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. a-e-_-mÀ k-a-c-I-m-e-¯-v t]-m-¯-v h-ï-n/I-m-f-h-ï-n D-S-a-I-sf k-w-L-S-n-¸-n-¨-v {_-n-«-o-j-v K-h-s×â-n-\-p-w P-·-n-a-mÀ-¡-p-sa-X-n-sc ]-S-¡-p t\-X-r-X-z-w \Â-I-n. {_-n-«-o-j-p-I-mÀ {I-q-c aÀ-Z-\-§Ä ]-p-d-s¯-S-p-¯-t¸-mÄ l-m-P-n-b-p-w k-w-L-h-p-w K-d-n-Ã-m-b-p-²-a-p-d \-S-¯-n. {_-n-«-o-j-p-I-m-sc sR-«-n-¨ b-p-²-a-p-d-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p C-X-v. \-m-\-q-d-v t]-c-S-§-p-¶ l-m-P-n-b-p-sS k-w-L-w ]-m-ï-n-¡-m-s« H-c-p K-qÀ-J I-y-mw-]-v H-ä c-m-{X-n-sI-m-ï-v B-{I-a-n-¨-v- F-g-p-]-¯-©-v K-qÀ-J-I-sf h-[-n-¨-p.1921 B-K-Ì-v 20\-v I-e-ÎÀ tX-m-a-k-v l-n-¨-v-tI-m-¡-v X-n-c-q-c-§-m-S-n-b-nÂ sh-¨-v h-m-c-n-b³-I-p-¶-sâ tk-\-tb-m-S-v tX-m-tä-m-S-n. e-ï³ ssS-w-k-v C-w-¥-o-j-v ]-{X-w a-e-_-m-d-nÂ C-w-¥-o-j-v ̀ -c-W-w A-h-k-m-\-n-¨-p F-¶-m-W-v F-g-p-X-n-b-X-v. h-m-c-n-b³-I-p-¶-sâ h-n-¹-h-h-o-c-y-w e-ï-\-nÂ {_-n-«-o-j-v B-Ø-m-\-§-f-nÂ sN-¶-S-n-¨-p.

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{_-n-«-o-j-v A-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-sf a-m-{X-a-Ã {_-n-«-o-j-v ]-£-]-m-X-n-I-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-h-sc-b-p-w h-m-c-n-b³-I-p-¶-¯-v t\-c-n-«-p. t]-m-e-o-k-v C³-k-v-s]-I-v-S-d-m-b B-\-¡-b-w tN-¡-p-«-n-sb h-I-h-c-p-¯-n. A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ X-e sh-«-n-sb-S-p-¯-p I-p-´-¯-nÂ I-p-¯-n a-t©-c-n A-§-m-S-n-b-nÂ P-\-a-m-t[-y {]-ZÀ-i-n-¸-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-v h-m-c-n-b³-I-p-¶-¯-v h-n-f-n-¨-p-]-d-ª-p. "t]-S-n-¨-p a-m-d-n \-nÂ-¡-p-¶ {_-n-«-o-j-v a-¡-tf-m-S-m-W-v, A-[-n-I-m-c-ta-m-l-h-p-a-m-b-n ta-e-nÂ C-u P-\-X-b-p-sS a-p-¼-nÂ h-¶-mÂ C-X-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w A-h-Ø. X-e I-m-W-p-I-b-n-Ã.' {_-n-«-o-j-p-I-msc -G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w c-o-X-n-b-nÂ k-l-m-b-n-¨-h-sc i-n-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-nÂ I-p-ª-l-½-Z-v l-m-P-n a-p-J-y-]-¦-p-h-l-n-¨-p. sa-m-d-b-q-c-nÂ \-n-¶-v a-m-X-m-h-n-sâ tZ-i-a-m-b X-p-Æ-q-c-n-te-¡-v Ø-n-c-X-m-a-k-a-m-¡-n-b ti-j-a-m-W-v J-n-e-m-^-¯-v, tI-m¬-{K-k-v {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡-v t\-X-r-X-z-w \Â-I-p-¶-X-v. 1920 tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v \-S-¶ J-n-e-m-^-¯-v k-t½-f-\-¯-nÂ B-e-n a-p-kve-n-b-m-tc-m-sS-¸-w ]-s¦-S-p-¯-p. K-m-Ô-n-P-n-¡-p-w j-u-¡-¯-e-n-¡-p-sa-m-¸-w {]-k-w-K-n-¨-p. 1921 B-K-Ì-v 22\-v ]-m-ï-n-¡-m-S-v \-S-¶ J-n-e-m-^-¯-v tb-m-K-¯-nÂ I-e-m-]-¯-n-sâ t\-X-r-X-z-w G-sä-S-p-¯-p.1921 B-K-Ì-nÂ X-n-c-q-c-§-m-S-n-b-nÂ ]-«-m-f-w \-S-¯-n-b {I-q-c-a-m-b \-c-\-m-b-m-«-n-s\ X-p-SÀ-¶-v l-m-P-n I-q-S-p-XÂ i-à-n-b-mÀ-P-n-¨-v c-w-K-¯-v h-¶-p. B-\-¡-b-¯-p \-n-¶-v B-d-m-b-n-c-¯-n-e-[-n-I-w B-b-p-[-[-m-c-n-I-f-m-b J-n-e-m-^-¯-v t]-m-c-m-f-n-IÄ-sI-m-¸-w A-t±-l-w B-K-Ì-v 22\-v X-n-c-q-c-§-m-S-n-b-n-te-¡-v ]-p-d-s¸-«-p. k-w-L-w ]-m-ï-n-¡-m-S-v t]-m-e-o-k-v tÌ-j³ B-{I-a-n-¨-v tX-m-¡-p-w B-b-p-[-§-f-p-w ssI-¡-e-m-¡-n. 1921 B-K-Ì-v

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25\-v ]-q-t¡-m-«-qÀ I-e-m-]-¯-nÂ ]-s¦-S-p-¡-m³ l-m-P-n-b-p-w A-\-p-b-m-b-n-I-f-p-w {i-a-n-s¨-¦-n-e-p-w A-hÀ F-¯-n-b-t¸-m-tg-¡-p-w b-p-²-w A-h-k-m-\-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-q-t¡-m-«-qÀ \-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ-¡-v k-m-´-z-\-h-p-w k-w-c-£-W-h-p-w \Â-I-n I-p-d-¨-p-I-m-e-w A-t±-l-w A-h-n-sS X-m-a-k-n-¨-p. k-m-a-p-Z-m-b-n-I a-X-§Ä-¡-n-S-b-nÂ k-v-t\-l-h-p-w sF-I-y-h-p-w \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-m³ A-t±-l-w \-n-c-h-[-n \-n-b-a-§Ä sI-m-ï-p-h-¶-p. l-n-µ-p-¡-sf sI-m-Ã-c-p-X-v. A-h-c-p-sS k-z-¯-p-¡Ä A-\-y-m-b-a-m-b-n \-i-n-¸-n-¡-c-p-X-v. A-h-c-p-sS A-\-p-h-m-Z-a-n-Ã-m-sX A-h-sc a-X-¯-nÂ tNÀ-¡-c-p-X-v. sI-m-Å sN-¿-p-¶-X-v a-m-¸-n-f-b-m-b-m-e-p-w a-m-X-r-I-m-]-c-a-m-b-n i-n-£-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. X-m³ l-n-µ-p-¡-sf \-nÀ-_-Ô-n-X a-X-w a-m-ä-p-¶-p-sh-¶ {_-n-«-o-j-v {]-N-m-c-W-§Ä ]-{X-§-f-p-w A-tX c-o-X-n-b-nÂ G-ä-p-]-n-S-n-¨ k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-n-e-m-W-v Z-n l-n-µ-p ]-{X-¯-n-sâ ]-{X-m-[-n-]À-¡-v X-sâ ̀ -m-K-w h-n-i-Z-o-I-c-n-¨-p sI-m-ï-v I-¯-b-¨-X-v. I-m-c-y-§Ä K-m-Ô-n-P-n-b-p-w as-ä-Ã-m-h-c-p-w A-d-n-b-s« F-¶-t±-l-w B-i-n-¨-p. h-f-sc k-u-a-y-a-m-b-n X-p-S-§-n-b B I-¯-v A-h-k-m-\-n-¡-p-¶-X-v "C-u I-¯-v \-n-§Ä {]-k-n-²-o-I-c-n-¨-n-sÃ-¦-nÂ \-n-§-sf-\-n-¡-v h-n-i-Z-o-I-c-W-w \Â-tI-ï-n h-c-p-w F-¶-p ]-d-ª-p-sI-m-ï-m-W-v."]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w a-tX-X-c k-z-X-{´ t]-m-c-m-f-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p h-m-c-n-b³-I-p-¶-¯-v.

l-n-¨-v-tI-m-¡-v tS-m-«³-l-m-w \-n-c-o-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-v, a-e-_-m-d-n-se H-c-p a-m-¸-n-f t]-m-c-m-f-n-sb ]-n-S-n-I-q-S-m³ {_-n-«-o-j-v K-h¬-saâ-v h-e-n-b k-a-b-w sN-e-h-g-n-¨-p F-¶-m-W-v. C-´-y-b-nÂ A-¶-v \-n-e-h-n-e-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶ {_-n-«-o-j-v ssk-\-y-¯-n-sâ a-q-¶-n-se-m-¶-p ̀ -m-K-s¯ G-d-\-m-«-n-te-¡-v \-n-tb-m-K-n-¨-p. {_-n-«-o-j-p-¡-mÀ-¡-v {]-th-i-\-a-n-Ã-m-¯ H-c-p tZ-i-w C-´-y-b-nÂ c-q-]-s¸-

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«-n-c-p-¶-p-sh-¶-v l-n-¨-v-tI-m-¡-v \-n-c-o-£-n-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. I-p-d-ª I-m-e-t¯-¡-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w a-e-b-m-f-c-m-P-y-w F-¶-v t]-c-n-« h-m-c-n-b³-I-p-¶-¯-n-sâ tZ-i-w {_-n-«-o-j-v kÀ-¡-m-c-n-s\ \-n-j-v-{]-`-a-m-¡-n. {_-n-«-o-j-v ssk-\-y-¯-n-\-v G-d-\-m-«-n-s\ A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-m³ k-m-[-y-a-sÃ-¶-p a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-n. C-´-y³ t]-m-e-o-k-p-I-m-sc C-d-¡-p-a-X-n sN-¿-m-\-p-w {_-n-«-o-j-p-I-mÀ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¨-p.

l-m-P-n-sb P-o-h-t\-m-sS ]-n-S-n-I-q-S-p-I F-¶ e-£-y-t¯-m-sS a-mÀ-j-te-m I-a-ï-sâ tI-WÂ l-w-{^-n-b-p-sS t\-X-r-X-z-¯-nÂ h-n-h-n-[ ]-«-m-f h-n-`-m-K-w I-a-mâÀ-a-m-sc-b-p-w Câ-e-n-P³-k-n-s\-b-p-w I-q-«-p-]-n-S-n-¨-v- a-e-_-m-d-nÂ \-b-n-¨ sk-Ã-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p _-m-ä-d-n skÂ. a-e-_-mÀ t]-m-c-m-«-¯-n-\-v A-´-y-w I-m-W-p-¶-X-v C-u H-m-¸-td-j-\-n-e-q-sS-b-m-W-v. l-m-P-n-sb ]-n-S-n-I-q-S-m³ A-h-k-m-\-{i-a-w {_-n-«-o-j-p-I-mÀ \-S-¯-n-b-X-v N-X-n-b-n-e-q-sS-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. X-sâ k-p-l-r-¯-m-b D-W-y-m-e-n a-p-tJ-\ 1922 P-\-p-h-c-n A-©-n-\-v A-\-p-c-Ú-\ NÀ-¨-¡-v F-¶ h-y-m-tP-s\ h-m-c-n-b³-I-p-¶-¯-n-s\ {_-n-«-o-j-p-¡-mÀ I-o-g-v-s¸-S-p-¯-n. P-\-p-h-c-n ]-X-n-a-q-\-n-\-v a-e-¸-p-d-w X-q-¡-n-S-n I-tÃ-c-n-b-nÂ l-m-P-n-

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sb-b-p-w c-ï-v t]-m-c-m-f-n-I-sf-b-p-w a-mÀ-jÂ tI-m-S-X-n h-n-N-m-c-W sN-¿-p-I-b-p-w a-q-¶-p t]-tc-b-p-w sh-S-n sh-¨-p h-[-n-¡-m-\-p-w h-n-[-n-¨-p. 1922 P-\-p-h-c-n 20 \-v a-e-¸-p-d-w tI-m-«-I-p-¶-n-sâ h-S-s¡ sN-c-n-h-n-e-v sh-Å-¡-m-c-sâ a-q-¶-v sh-S-n-b-p-ï-IÄ s\-©-p-I-m-«-n k-z-o-I-c-n-¨-v h-m-c-n-b³-I-p-¶-¯-v I-p-ª-l-½-Z-m-P-n-sb-¶ [-o-c tZ-i-m-`-n-a-m-\-n h-o-c-a-c-W-w {]-m-]-n-¨-p.

"`-o-c-p-¡-sf-t¸-m-se I-®-v sI-«-n \-nÀ-¯-n ]-p-d-I-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w sh-S-n-sh-¨-p sI-m-Ã-m-sX t\À-¡-v t\-sc \-n-¶-v sh-S-n-b-p-X-nÀ-¡-W-w. F-\-n-¡-v C-u \-m-S-n-sâ a-®-v I-ï-v- a-c-n-¡-W-w.' h-m-c-n-b³-I-p-¶-¯-n-sâ C-u ]-d-¨-n-e-nÂ {_-n-«-o-j-v I-a-m³-UÀ tI-WÂ l-w-{^-n h-n-d-¨-p.

k-z-X-{´-¯-n-te-¡-p-Å C-´-y³ P-\-X-b-p-sS b-m-{X k-l-\-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w k-m-l-k-n-I-X-b-p-sS-b-p-w k-a-c-]-m-X-I-f-n-e-q-sS-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. tN-m-c-b-p-w I-®-o-c-p-w h-o-W-p I-p-X-nÀ-¶ h-n-h-n-[ k-a-c a-p-l-qÀ-¯-§Ä. X-y-m-K-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w [-o-c-X-b-p-sS-b-p-w [-\-y-\-n-a-n-j-§Ä. A-X-n-P-o-h-\-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w B-ß-k-aÀ-¸-W-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w A-\-\-y-h-g-n-¯-m-c-IÄ.C-X-n-l-m-k k-a-m-\-a-m-b B k-a-c {]-h-m-l-w H-sc-m-ä [-m-c-a-m-{X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. A-X-n-\-v A-t\-I-w ssI-h-g-n-IÄ D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. c-m-P-y-sa-¼-m-S-p-w sN-d-p-X-p-w h-e-p-X-p-a-m-b A-t\-I-w sN-d-p-¯-p-\-nÂ-¸-p-I-f-p-w k-a-c-§-f-p-w D-bÀ-¶-p-h-¶-p. A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-s¸-«-h-c-p-S-b-p-w ]-mÀ-i-z-h-X-v-I-c-n-¡-s¸-«-h-c-p-sS-b-p-w tc-m-j-w c-m-P-y-sa-¼-m-S-p-w A-W-s]-m-«-n-sb-m-g-p-I-n.sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-I-f-p-w IÀ-j-I-c-p-w Z-f-n-X-c-p-w a-ä-p-w \-S-¯-n-b k-a-c-§-f-nÂ ]-e-Xn\-p-w a-p-J-y-[-m-c-m N-c-n-{X-¯-nÂ AÀ-

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l-n-¡-p-¶ Ø-m-\-w C-¶-p-w e-`-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã. N-c-n-{X-¯-nÂ A-X-n-sâ tZ-i-o-b-h-p-w k-m-{a-m-P-y-X-z-h-n-c-p-²-h-p-a-m-b D-Å-S-¡-s¯ a-d-¨-p-]-n-S-n-¨-v- N-c-n-{X-s¯-b-p-w N-c-n-{X-a-l-m-]-p-c-p-j-·-m-sc-b-p-w X-§-f-p-sS hÀ-K-o-b A-P-ï-¡-m-h-i-y-a-m-b c-o-X-n-b-nÂ \-nÀ-a-n-s¨-S-p-¡-m-\-m-W-v k-w-L-]-c-n-h-m-d-p-w X-o-{h-h-e-X-p-]-£ h-n-`-m-K-§-f-p-w {i-a-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-¯-c-¯-nÂ H-¶-m-W-v a-e-_-mÀ k-a-c-¯-n-sâ A-\-n-tj-[-y-t\-X-m-h-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p h-m-c-n-b³ I-p-¶-¯-v I-p-ª-l-½-Z-v l-m-P-n. h-m-c-n-b³ I-p-¶-¯-n-sâ t]-m-c-m-« h-o-c-y-s¯ hÀ-K-o-b-h-X--v -I-cn¡-m³ {i-a-n-¨-n-«-p-ï-v-. C-kve-m-a-n-sâ DXvt_-m-[-\-§-f-mÂ {]-tN-m-Z-n-X-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p h-m-c-n-b³ I-p-¶-¯-v. H-c-n -¡Â t]-m-e-p-w A-]-c-a-X-§-sf i-{X-p-X-tb-m-S-p I-q-S-n I-ï-n-c-p-¶-n-sÃ-¶-X-v N-c-n-{X-tc-J-I-sf-Ã-m-w h-y-à-a-m-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v. h-m-c-n-b³-I-p-¶-¯-n-s\ t]-m-se tZ-i-o-b h-n-¹-h-I-m-c-n-I-sf hÀ-K-]-c-a-m-b D-Å-S-¡-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w k-mÀ-h-tZ-i-o-b ]-m-Ý-m-X-e-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-a-m-W-v h-n-e-b-n-c-p-t¯-ï-X-v. N-c-n-{X k-w-`-h-§-sf-b-p-w A-X-n-e-n-S-s]-« h-y-à-n-I-sf-b-p-w A-X-v {]-hÀ-¯-n-¨ k-m-l-N-c-y-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w A-X-n-s\ \-nÀ-W-b-n-¨ L-S-I-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-p-I F-¶-X-m-W-v i-c-n-b-m-b c-o-X-n. IÀ-j-I k-a-c-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w tZ-i-n-b-X-b-p-sS-b-p-w s]-m-X-p-k-z-`-m-h-§Ä DÄ-s¡-m-ï N-c-n-{X-s¯-b-p-w N-c-n-{X-]-p-c-p-j-·-m-sc-b-p-w h-n-I-e-a-m-¡-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v F-¶-v N-c-n-{X-s¯ k-X-y-k-Ô-a-m-b-n k-a-o-]-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ-¡-v t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-p-¶-X-m-W-v $

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B-K-Ì-v 5\-v A-tb-m-[-y-b-n-se c-m-a-t£-{X i-n-e-m-\-y-m-k-¯-n-sâ i-ÐtL-m-j-§Ä

a-p-g-§-n-b-t¸-mÄ c-ï-v b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-§Ä h-y-à-a-m-b-n. H-¶-m-a-X-mbn, A-t¶ Z-n-h-k-w B-tL-m-j-n-¨-X-v H-c-p l-n-µ-p t£-{X-¯-n-sâ \-nÀ-a-m-W-h-p-w c-m-a-P-·-`-q-a-n-I-b-n-se h-n-i-z-m-k h-o-sï-S-p-¸-p-w a-m-{X-a-Ã, H-c-p

Cý³ ̀ cWIqS¯nsâ lnµpXz]£]m-XnXzImes¯ apkv enwAhØIsfbpw ]pXnb

cm{ãobhgnIsfbpw kw_-Ôn¨v.

AÀ-^ Jm-\pw jÀ-hm-\nhn-h: A³-jm-Zv Im-ªn-c-¸p-g

C-ý-¡m-c-\-Ãm-Xm-Ip-¶ap-kvenwC-\nF-´m-Wvth-@Xv ?

B\pImenIwCurrent Affairs


a-p-k-ve-n-w ]-Å-n-b-p-sS A-[-x-]-X-\-w I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v. 27 hÀ-j-§Ä-¡-p a-p-s¼-m-c-p ]-IÂ sh-f-n-¨-¯-nÂ a-X-{`-m-´-n-sâ I-d-p-¯ ssI-IÄ \-n-e-w-]-c-n-i-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v 400 hÀ-j-§Ä-¡-v a-p-¼-v A-tX Ø-m-\-¯-v \-n-e-\-n-¶-n-c-p-¶ _-m-_-c-n a-k-v-P-n-Zv.

c-ï-m-a-X-m-b-n, `-c-W-L-S-\-b-p-w k-z-m-X-{´-y k-a-c ̀ -m-h-\-b-p-w H-c-n-¡-e-p-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã-m-¯ l-n-µ-p a-X-ta-[-m-h-n-X-z-w C-t¸-mÄ H-u-tZ-y-m-K-n-I A-w-K-o-I-m-c-h-p-w \-n-b-a ]-c-n-c-£-b-p-w t\-S-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

1980I-f-nÂ {]-t£-m-`-¯-n-\-v B-l-z-m-\-w sN-b-v-X-X-p-w ]-Å-n s]-m-f-n-¡-m³ t\-X-r-X-z-w \Â-I-n-b-X-p-w k-w-L-]-c-n-h-mcw B-sW-¶-n-c-n-s¡, A-tb-m-[-y-b-n-se "XÀ-¡-`-q-a-n' t£-{X\-nÀ-a-m-W-¯-n-\-m-b-n l-n-µ-p a-X-ta-e-[-n-I-m-c-n-IÄ-¡-v ssI-a-m-d-n-s¡-m-ï-v k-p-{]-o-w tI-m-S-X-n {]-k-v-X-m-h-n-¨ h-n-[-n-\-y-m-b-¯-nÂ \-n-¶v C-X-v h-f-sc h-y-à-a-m-W-v.

_-m-_-c-n a-k-v-P-n-Z-v [-z-w-k-\-w l-n-µ-p-X-z k-w-L-S-\-I-f-p-sS Z-oÀ-L-I-m-e-s¯ Z-p-j-v-{]-N-m-c-W-§-f-p-sS tI-{µ _-n-µ-p-h-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. I-o-g-v-s¸-S-e-n-sâ-b-p-w e-Ö-b-p-sS-b-p-w {]-X-o-I-a-m-b-n \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶ _-m-_-c-n-sb a-p-¨-q-S-p-w X-IÀ-¯-v XÂ-Ø-m-\-¯-v t£-{X-w ]-W-n-b-p-sa-¶-X-v _-n-sP-]-n-b-p-sS ]-qÀ-h-I-m-e h-m-K-v-Z-m-\-h-p-w c-m-ã-o-b A-P-ï-b-p-a-m-W-v. a-q-¶-c ]-X-n-ä-m-ï-p ]-n-¶-n-«-t¸-mÄ l-n-µ-p-X-z ta-[-m-h-n-X-z-w ]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶ c-m-{ã-o-b ̀ -q-]-S-w b-m-Y-mÀ-Y-y-a-m-¡-m³ l-n-µ-p-X-z-tb-m-S-v a-[-y-I-m-e C- -́y sN-b-v-X "A-\-o-X-n'IÄ-¡-v C-Æ-n-[-w {]-X-n-I-m-c-w sN-t¿-ï-X-p-sï-¶-v ]-e-tc-b-p-w t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-e-p-w k-w-L-]-c-n-h-mcw h-n-P-b-w ssI-h-c-n-¨-p. _-m-_-c-n-b-n-



e-q-sS l-n-µ-p-X-z-h-m-Z-n-IÄ A-X-v sX-f-n-b-n-¨-p. a-l-m-a-m-c-n -b-p-sS a-[-y-¯-nÂ \-S-¡-p-¶ k-w-

`-h-s¯ F-X-nÀ-¡-m-t\-m tN-m-Z-y-w sN-¿-m-t\-m tZi-o-b {]-X-n-]-£ t\-X-m-¡-f-nÂ H-c-mÄ-¡-p t]-m-e-p-w ss[-c-y-a-p-ï-m-b-n-Ã F-¶-X-v F-{X-a-m-{X-w tJ-Z-I-c-a-m-W-v!

C-´-y-¡-m-c-p-sS {]-[-m-\-a-{´-n F-¶ ]-Z-h-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w Hcp hn`mK¯n-tâXp a-m-{X-a-m-b-n ]-£-w tN-c-p-¶ \-tc-{µ ta-m-Z-n-b-p-sS C-u X-p-d-¶ ]-¦-m-f-n-¯-w C-´-y-b-nÂ _-n-sP-]-n F-{X-a-m-{X-w i-à-n {]-m-]-n-¨-p F-¶-m-W-v X-p-d-¶-p I-m-«-p-¶-X-v.

"C-u e-£-y-¯-n-\-m-b-n P-o-h-n-X-w k-aÀ-¸-n-¨-hÀ-¡-v, C-´-y k-z-m-X-{´-y-w t\-S-n-b Z-n-h-k-s¯ t]-m-se-X-s¶ C-u Z-n-\-h-p-w {]-n-b-s¸-«-X-m-I-p-¶-p.'

A-tb-m-[-y-b-nÂ \-S-¶ X-IÀ-¸³ N-S-§-nÂ ta-m-Z-n ]-dªXv "c-m-a-`-q-a-n-b-nÂ D-bÀ-¶-p-h-c-p-¶ t£-{X a-µ-n-c-w Z-i-e-£-¡-W-¡-n-\-v C-´-y-¡-m-c-p-sS \-n-Ý-b Z-mÀ-V-y-¯-n-tâ-b-p-w k-w-b-p-à X-o-c-p-a-m-\-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w {]-X-o-I-a-m-b-n \-n-e-sI-m-Å-p-w' F¶m-



Wv. c-m-a-t£-{X \-nÀ-a-m-W-s¯ C-´-y³ k-z-m-X-{´-y-

k-a-c-t¯-m-S-v k-a-m-´-c-a-m-b-n h-c-¨-n-S-p-¶-X-n-\-v ta-m-Z-n t_-m-[-]-qÀ-h-a-m-b H-c-p c-m-{ã-o-b \-n-e-]-m-S-n-s\ I-q-«-p-]-n-S-n-¡-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-\-´-c-w C-´-y³ {]-k-n-Uâ-p-w ssh-k-v {]-k-n-Uâ-p-w B-hÀ-¯-n-¨-X-v C-tX ̀ -m-j-y-w X-s¶.

b-m-Y-mÀ-Y--¯-nÂ F-´-m-W-hÀ ]-d-ª-p ̂ -e-n-¸-n-¡-m³ {i-a-n-¡-p-¶-X-v? k-z-m-X-{´-y e-Ï-n-¡-p th-ï-n {]-hÀ-¯-n-¨ C-´-y³ tZ-i-o-b {]-Ø-m-\-w {_-n-«-o-j-v B-[-n-]-X-y-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-v \-s½ ta-m-N-n-¸-n-¡-p-I a-m-{X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. H-c-p c-m-{ã-sa-¶ \-n-e-b-nÂ P-m-X-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w a-X-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w ̀ -m-j-b-p-sS-b-p-w h³-a-X-n-e-p-IÄ a-d-n-I-S-¶-v ]-c-k-v-]-c k-l-hÀ-¯-n-X-z-w i-o-e-n-¡-m³ {]-tN-m-Z-n-¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p.

F-¶-mÂ c-m-a-t£-{X-h-p-w A-X-n-sâ ]-n-¶-m-¼-p-d-§-f-n-se c-à-w ]-p-c-ï ̀ -q-X-I-m-e-h-p-w C-´-y-sb F-¶-p-w B-g-¯-nÂ ̀ -n-¶-n-¸-n-¨-p-sI-m-ï-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ l-n-µ-p-X-zbptSXmWv.

C-c-p-]-¯-nsbm¶-m-w \-q-ä-m-ï-nÂ a-m-\-h-n-I a-q-e-y-§Ä-¡-v h-n-eIÂ-]-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-p B-[-p-\-n-I `-c-W-L-S-\ C-´-y-sb \-b-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ, a-[-y-I-m-e C-´-y³ ]-c-n-k-c-§-f-n-te-¡-v, \-n-c-h-[-n \-q-ä-m-ï-p-IÄ ]-p-d-tI-m-«-v k-©-c-n-¨-p t\-m-¡-p-I. 1947se k-z-m-X-{´-y e-Ï-n C-´-y³ c-m-ã-o-b-¯-n-se h-g-n-¯-n-c-n-h-m-W-v. \-n-e-h-n-se {]-[-m-\-a-{´-n-¡-v C-u h-k-v-X-p-X i-c-n-b-m-b-n h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-m³ I-g-n-b-m-sX-t]-m-I-p-¶-X-v F-´-p-sI-m-ï-m-sW-¶-v \-m-w k-z-b-w tN-m-Z-n-t¡-ï-X-p-ï-v.



ta-m-Z-n-b-p-w C-´-y-b-n-se k-w-L-`-à-c-p-w tNÀ-¶-v h-c-p-w-hÀ-j-§-f-nÂ B-K-Ì-v 5s\ b-Y-mÀ-Y "B-k-m-Z-n [À-a h-n-¹-¯-n-sâ' h-mÀ-j-n-I-a-m-b-n B-N-c-n-¡-p-w. N-c-n-{X-¯-nÂ A-t¶ Z-n-\-w k-w-L-]-c-n-h-mÀ {]-Ø-m-\-w sI-m-ï-p-h-¶ h-n-tZ-z-j-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w A-\-y-h-X-v -I-c-W-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w A-{I-a c-m-{ã-o-b-w {]-X-n-k-z-c-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w ]-qÀ-W-mÀ-Y-¯-nÂ k-z-X-{´-a-m-h-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-tÃ-m.

B-K-Ì-v 15\-v sN-t¦-m-«-b-nÂ \-S-¶ k-z-m-X-{ý-Z-n-\ {]-`-m-j-W-¯-nÂ c-m-a-t£-{X \-nÀ-a-m-W-w k-a-m-[-m-\-]-c-a-m-b {]-ta-b-¯-n-sâ ̂ -e-a-m-W-¶-v ta-m-Z-n {]-J-y-m-]-n-¡-p-¶-p. A-{I-a-m-k-à-a-m-b-n ]-Å-n s]-m-f-n-¨-p-a-m-ä-n-b k-w-`-h-w c-ï-m-b-n-c-t¯-m-f-w t]À-¡-v P-o-h³ \-ã-a-m-I-m-\-p-w \-n-c-h-[-n A-{I-a-§Ä A-g-n-¨-p-h-n-S-m-\-p-w tl-X-p-h-m-b-n-«-p-ï-v. F-¶-n-«-p-w F-§-s\-b-m-W-v C-u \-o-¡-w k-a-m-[-m-\-]-c-a-m-I-p-¶-X-v?

h-m-k-v-X-h-¯-nÂ 2019se k-p-{]-o-w-tI-m-S-X-n-b-p-



sS X-m-X-v-]-c-y-h-p-w H-c-p P-\-X-sb H-¶-S-¦-w \-n-c-m-I-c-n-¨-v sI-m-ï-p-w B-K-Ì-v 5\-v A-tb-m-[-y-b-nÂ c-m-a-]-q-P \-S-¡-W-sa-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-X-m-W-v k-X-y-w.

C-´-y-b-nÂ Z-n-t\-\ i-à-n {]-m-]-n-¡-p-¶ a-p-k-v e-n-w-I-sf ]-n-i-m-N-p-h-X-v-I-c-n-¡-p-¶ C-kve-m-ta-m-t^-m-_-n-b-b-p-w C-tX I-]-S c-m-{ã-o-b-¯-n-sâ X-n-à-^-e-a-m-W-v. h-n-i-z-m-k-h-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-«-p I-n-S-¡-p-¶ tK-m-h-[ \-n-tc-m-[-\-w, BÀ-«-n-¡vÄ 370 \-o-¡-w sN-¿Â, ]-u-c-X-z t`-Z-K-X-n (NRC, CAA) \-n-b-a-w \-S-¸-m-¡Â, 2020 s^-{_-p-h-c-n-b-nÂ UÂ-l-n-b-n-e-p-ï-m-b hÀ-K-o-b I-e-m-]-w X-p-S-§-n-b-h 1992 U-n-k-w-_À 6 se A-{I-a-m-k-à-a-m-sb-m-c-p c-m-{ã-o-b h-g-n-¯-n-c-n-h-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w c-q-]-a-mÀ-P-n-¨phcp¶ {h-W-n-X k-zXz-t_m[¯-n-sâ Nn{X-§-f-m-W-v.

_-m-_-c-n \-n-e-w-s]-m-¯-n-b-X-v X-sâ P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-se G-ä-h-p-w Z-p-x-J-I-c-a-m-b Z-n-\-sa-¶-m-W-v H-c-n-¡Â FÂ sI A-Z-z-m-\-n a-p-X-e-¡-®-oÀ h-mÀ-¯-X-v. F-¶-mÂ A-t±-l-ta-m a-tä-sX-¦-n-e-p-w _-n-sP-]-n t\-X-m-th-m _-m-_-c-n [-z-w-k-\-¯-nÂ C-X-p-h-sc B-ß-mÀ-Y-a-m-b ]-Ý-¯-m-]-w {]-I-S-n-¸-n-¨-p-I-ï-n-«-n-Ã. B {]-h-r-¯-n a-q-e-a-p-ï-m-b a-p-d-n-h-p-IÄ k-p-J-s¸-S-p-¯-m-\-p-Å h-g-n-IÄ I-sï-¯-p-h-m³t]-m-e-p-w A-hÀ-¡-v a-\-k-p-ï-m-b-n-Ã.

"t£-{X \-nÀ-a-m-W-w ̀ -m-h-n X-e-a-p-d-¡-v {]-tN-m-Z-\-ta-I-p-w. c-m-a-t£-{X-w c-m-P-y-s¯ H-¶-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å D-]-m-[-n-b-m-b-n hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-w.' k-z-m-X-{´ Z-n-\-¯-nÂ \-tc-{µ ta-m-Z-n-b-p-sS h-m-¡-p-IÄ. ]-t£, c-m-a-t£-{X ̀ -q-a-n H-c-n-¡-e-p-w k-a-m-[-m-\-¯n--sâ-tb-m sF-I-y-¯-n-sâ-tb-m ]-d-p-Z-o-k B-I-p-¶-n-Ã. A-X-nÂ



\-n-¶-p-w BÀ-¡-p-w {]-tN-m-Z-\-w DÄ-sI-m-Å-m-\-p-a-m-I-n-Ã. I-m-c-W-w, A-X-n-sâ K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡Ä-¡-v F-Æ-n-t[-\-b-p-w A-\-p-I-q-e-a-m--wh-n-[-w k-r-ã-n-¡-s¸-« c-m-{ã-o-b ]-Ý-m-¯-e-a-m-W-v A-X-n-\-p-Å-X-v. A-h-sc k-w-_-k-n-¨n-S-t¯-m-f-w a-p-k-ve-n-w-I-sf \-n-c-´-c-w k-½À-Z-¯-n-e-m-g-v-¯-p-I a-m-{X-a-m-W-v e-£-y-w.

N-c-n-{X-w a-m-b-v-¨-p-I-f-b-p-¶-X-p-w \-o-X-n \-n-tj-[-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-w k-a-m-[-m-\-ta-m sF-I-y-ta-m \Â-I-n-b-X-m-b-n N-c-n-{X-¯-n-se-§-p-a-n-Ã. C-´-y-b-n-se a-p-k-ve-n-w-IÄ-¡-v a-p-t¶-m-«-p-t]-m-I-W-sa-¦-nÂ \-o-X-n-b-mÂ \-nÀ-a-n-¡-s¸-« D-c-p-¡-p k-w-c-£-W a-X-n-e-p-IÄ A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-W-v.

_-m-_-c-n a-k-v-P-n-Z-v s]-m-f-n-¨-p-a-m-ä-n-b tI-k-n-se A-´-n-a h-n-N-m-c-W C-u hÀ-j-w BK-Ì-v 31t\-m-S-I-w ]-qÀ-¯-n-b-m-¡-m³ k-p-{]-n-w tI-m-S-X-n e-I-v-\-u-h-n-se {]-tX-y-I k-n-_-n-sF tI-m-S-X-n-¡-v \-nÀ-tZ-i-w \Â-I-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ]-t£ A-h-n-sS-b-p-w a-p-k-ve-n-w-IÄ-¡-v \-o-X-n D-d-¸-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-p-Å k-n-_-n-sF-b-p-sS {]-X-n-_-²-X k-w-i-b-I-c-a-m-W-v. I-p-ä-h-m-f-n-IÄ i-n-£-n-¡-s¸-S-m-sX X-p-S-c-p-t¼-m-g-p-w _-m-_-c-n-b-p-sS s\-©-nÂ t£-{X-w \-nÀ-a-n-¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v \-½-p-sS \-o-X-n-]-oT-¯-n-\-v A-`-n-I-m-a-y-a-m-b-n tX-m-¶-n-b-X-v. Z-pÀ-_-e-s¸-«-p t]-m-I-p-¶ \-o-X-n-\-y-m-b h-y-h-Ø-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w D-b-c-p-¶ A-h-k-m-\ {]-X-y-m-i-b-p-w A-\À-Y-a-m-I-p-¶-p.

\-tc-{µ ta-m-Z-n ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-¯-n-sâ k-z-`-m-h-k-h-n-ti-j-X-I-f-nÂ A-\-nÀ-h-N-\-o-b ]-¦-p-ï-v A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ apkvenw hncp² cm{ãob-¯-n-\-v. Xn-c-sª-S-p-¸-nÂ h-n-P-b-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v c-m-P-y-s¯ a-p-k-ve-n-w



th-m-«-p-IÄ B-h-i-y-a-n-sÃ-¶-v ]-c-k-y-a-m-b-n {]-J-y-m-]-n-¨ ]-mÀ-«-n-b-m-W-v A-t±-l-¯-n-sâ-X-v. _-n-sP-]-n-b-p-sS 2019se Xn-c-sª-S-p-¸-v {]-N-m-c-W ]-{X-n-I-b-nÂ I-S-p-¯ a-p-k-ve-n-w h-n-c-p-² h-n-h-c-W-§-f-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. h-b-\-m-«-nÂ c-m-l-pÂ K-m-Ô-n a-Õ-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-s\ sN-m-Ã-n Xn-c-sª-S-p-¸-v {]-N-m-c-W th-f-b-nÂ ta-m-Z-n D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨ h-m-¡-p-IÄ F-{X-a-m-{X-w A-k-lnjv-Wp-Xm]ca-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. h-n-I-k-\-§-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-w C-´-y-sb te-m-I i-à-n-b-m-¡-p-sa-¶ ]-mÀ-«-n h-m-K-v-Z-m-\-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-w _-n-sP-]-n h-mtX-m-c-m-sX i-Ð-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ ta-m-Z-n-sb ]-n-´-p-W-¡-p-h-m³ a-p-kve-n-w D-·-q-e-\-w a-\-t¡-m-« sI-«-n-b h-e-n-sb-m-c-p h-n-`-m-K-w th-m-«À-a-m-c-n-e-p-sï-¶-v A-hÀ-¡-v I-r-X-y-a-m-b t_-m-[-y-a-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. C-¯-c-¯-n-e-p-Å c-m-{ãob ssh-d-k-n-s\ t\-c-n-S-m³ a-p-k-ve-n-w-I-f-p-w P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y N-n-´-m-K-X-n-¡-m-c-m-b C-´-y-¡-m-c-p-w F-´-p sN-¿-W-w?

]-mÀ-«-n-b-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c-w I-¿-m-f-p-¶ A-h-c-p-sS t\-X-m-h-p-w \-n-c-´-c-w i-{X-p-X ]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-mÂ



C-´-y-b-nÂ ti-m-`-\-a-m-sb-m-c-p ̀ -m-h-n D-ï-m-I-p-sa-¶-v {]-X-o-£-n-¡-c-p-sX-¶-v Z-i e-£-¡-W-¡-n-\-v a-p-k-v e-n-w k-tl-m-Z-c-n k-tl-m-Z-c-·-m-tc-m-S-v X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-p-w \-a-p-¡-v ]-d-b-m³ I-g-n-b-Ã.

adn¨v a-p-k-ve-n-w-IÄ ]-mÀ-i-z-h-X-v -I-c-n-¡-s¸-« C-X-c P-\ h-n-`-m-K-§-f-p-a-m-b-n k-J-y-a-p-ï-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w X-§-f-p-sS A-h-I-m-i-§-¡-m-b-n F-Ã-mXcw P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y a-mÀ-K-§Ä h-n-\-n-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶-X-v X-p-S-c-p-I-b-p-a-m-W-v th-ï-X-v.

l-r-Z-b-a-n-Ã-m-¯ c-m-{ã-o-b ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-s¯-b-p-w \-o-X-n \-nÀ-h-l-W k-w-h-n-[-m-\-s¯-b-p-w A-X-n-P-b-n-¡-m-\-p-w k-l-hÀ-¯-n-¡-m-\-p-a-p-Å a-mÀ-K-§Ä A-X-n-th-K-w B-h-n-j-v-I-c-n-t¡-ï-X-p-ï-v. A-X-n-sâ AÀ-Y-w ta-m-Z-n-sb-tb-m _-n-sP-]-n-b-p-sS I-n-c-m-X c-m-{ã-o-b-s¯-tb-m {]-X-n-tc-m-[-n-¨-X-p-sI-m-ï-p a-m-{X-w A-h-c-p-sS {]-X-y-b-i-m-k-v-{X-w k-z-m-[-o-\-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w c-£-s¸-S-m-w F-¶-Ã.

C-´-y-b-n-se 200 Z-i-e-£-¯-nÂ-]-c-w a-p-k-v



e-n-w-I-f-nÂ `-q-c-n-`-m-K-h-p-w k-m-a-q-l-n-I-a-m-b-p-w c-m-{ã-o-b-a-m-b-p-w k-m-¼-¯-n-I-a-m-b-p-w ]-mÀ-i-z-h-X-v-I-c-n -¡-s¸-«-h-c-m-W-v. k-w-L-]-c-n -h-mÀ \-b-§-sf ]-n-´-p-S-c-p-¶-hÀ-¡-n-S-b-nÂ P-o-h-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-hÀ. Xn-c-sª-S-p-¸-nÂ _-n-sP-]-n-¡-v th-m-«-v \Â-I-p-¶-h-sc-Ã-m-w B ]-mÀ-«-n-b-p-tS-tb-m A-X-n-sâ t\-X-r-X-z-¯-n-sâ-tb-m b-p-à-n-c-m-l-n-X-y-s¯ ]-n-´-p-S-c-p-¶-h-c-p-w A-X-n-\-v h-n-t[-b-s¸-S-p-¶-h-c-p-a-m-sW-¶ [-m-c-W sX-ä-m-W-v. _-n-sP-]-n-b-p-sS Z-p-j-v-{]-N-m-c-W-¯-n-sâ C-c-b-m-b-h-c-m-W-v A-h-c-nÂ a-n-¡-h-c-p-w. c-m-{ã-o-b t\-«-¯-n-\-m-b-n k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ hÀ-K-o-b-X-b-p-sS h-n-j h-n-¯-p-IÄ ]-SÀ-¯-m³ {i-a-n-¡-p-¶ _-n-sP-]-n C-u {]-{I-n-b-b-nÂ c-m-P-y-s¯ A-]-I-S-¯-n-e-m-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v sN-¿-p-¶-sX-¶-v A-hÀ-¡-v a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-w.

h-n-tb-m-P-n-¡-p-¶-h-tc-m-S-v b-p-à-n-k-l-a-m-b-n k-w-h-Z-n-¡-m-\-p-Å k-¶-²-X \-a-p-¡-p-ï-m-I-W-w. I-m-c-W-w C-u c-o-X-n-b-nÂ a-m-{X-ta h-n-i-m-e-a-m-b c-m-{ã-o-bt_-m-[-w h-fÀ-¯-n-sb-S-p-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-q.

k-n-F-F-b-p-sS ]-n-¶-n-se c-m-{ãob X-m-X-v-]-c-y-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-w k-w-L-]-c-n-h-mÀ A-P-ï-sb-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-w F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w t_-m-[-·-m-c-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ta-m-Z-n-b-p-w A-a-n-X-vj-mb-p-w H-ä-c-m-{X-n sI-m-ï-v a-tX-X-c t\-X-m-¡-f-m-b-n a-m-d-p-sa-¶ {]-X-o-£-b-n-e-Ã, a-d-n-¨-v C-´-y³ c-m-{ã-o-b-¯-n-se P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-¯-n-sâ C-S-w h-n-I-k-n-¸-n-¨-v c-m-P-y-w X-n-c-n-¨-p-]-n-S-n-¡m\mh-p-sa-¶ h-n-i-z-m-k-¯-n-e-m-W-v C-u h-n-th-N-\ \-n-b-a-¯-n-s\-X-n-c-m-b {]-X-n-tj-[-§Ä ]-n-d-h-n sI-m-ï-X-v $

I-S-¸-m-S-v: The Wire



A-S-p-¯ I-m-e-¯-v I-ï-X-nÂ sh-¨-v-- "I-n-S-p' F-¶-v \-n-k-w-i-b-w h-n-ti-j-n-¸-n-¡-m-h-p-¶

H-c-p k-o³ A-c-t§-d-n-b-X-v B-K-Ì-v-- A-h-k-m-\-w k-p-{]-o-w tI-m-S-X-n-b-nÂ B-b-n-c-p-¶-p. tI-m-S-X-n-sb h-n-aÀ-i-n-¨-X-n-\-v a-m-¸-v-- ]-d-ª-q-tS F-¶-v P-Ì-n-k-v-- a-n-{i-b-p-w ]-ä-n-sÃ-¶-v D-d-¨ k-z-c-¯-nÂ {]-i-m-´-v ̀ -q-j-W-p-w. {]-i-m-´-n-sâ B D-i-n-c-p-ï-tÃ-m. A-X-m-W-v i-c-n-¡-p-w "I-n-S-p!'

B k-w-`-h-s¯ \-a-p-¡-v-- X-X-v-I-m-e-t¯-¡-v h-n-S-m-w. "I-n-S-p' {]-tb-m-K-s¯-¡-p-d-n-¨-m-h-m-w C-t¸-mÄ

Nne {]-tbm-K km-[y-X-IÄ \-s½¯-s¶ k-Xw-`n-¸n-¡pw.A-¯-c-¯n-sem-¶m-Wv InSp. shdpw c@- £-cw sIm@- vF-s´Ãmw {]-Xn-^-en-¸n-¡m-\m-Ip-¶p F-¶v t\m-¡ntb.

AÐpÃ [email protected]

"I-n-S-p'


NÀ-¨.K-w-`-o-c-w, A-X-y-p-{K³, A-X-n-a-t\-m-l-c-w X-p-S-

§-n-b AÀ-Y-§-f-m-W-v I-n-S-p-h-n-\-v \Â-I-s¸-«-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v- -. \-y-q-sP³ K-W-¯-nÂ X-s¶ s]-« sN-¯-v--, A-S-n-¨-p-s]-m-f-n, X-IÀ-¸³ X-p-S-§-n-b ]-Z-§Ä-¡-v-- ]-g-¡-w h-¶-p i-u-c-y-w \-ã-s¸-«-p X-p-S-§-n-b-X-v k-l-n-¡-m³ h-¿-m-ª-n-«-v G-tX-m "\-y-q-sP³ ¹-k-p-I-mÀ' I-sï-¯-n-b ]-p-X-p-]-p-¯³ sF-ä-a-m-W-v "I-n-S-p" F-¶ H-c-p \-n-c-o-£-W-h-p-a-p-ï-v--. F-t´-m B-th-m?

sa-m-ss_Â B-¸-p-IÄ, sk-m-^-v-ä-v--sh-b-d-p-IÄ, I-w-]-y-q-«À t{]-m-{K-m-a-p-IÄ F-¶-n-h D-]-I-m-c-{]-Z-h-p-w D-{K-\-p-a-m-sW-s¶-m-s¡ \-o-«-n ]-c-¯-n ]-d-ª-p t{i-m-X-m-h-n-s\ t_-m-d-S-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p ]-I-c-w, "C-¶-p R-m³ \-n-§-f-p-sS a-p-¼-nÂ h-¶-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v H-c-p I-n-S-p B-¸-p-a-m-b-n-«-m-sW-¶-v' ]-d-ª-p \-s½ th-K-w {^-o-b-m-¡-n-¯-c-p-w s{]-m-ta-m-«À-a-mÀ. H-c-p-]-m-S-v ]-Z-§-f-p-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-v h-n-i-Z-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-s\-¡-mÄ \-Ã H-c-p ̂ -o-e-p-w I-n-«-p-w B I-n-S-p {]-tb-m-K-w sI-m-ï-v. U-n-£v-W-d-n-b-nÂ h-n-e-k-p-¶ H-u-tZ-y-m-K-n-I ]-Z-§-sf-¡-mÄ "sX-c-p-h-v-- ]-Z-§Ä-¡-p-Å' H-c-p i-à-n!

F-´-p sN-¿-W-sa-¶-d-n-b-m-sX h-g-n-a-p-«-n \-nÂ-I-p-¶ H-c-p {]-X-n-k-Ô-n L-«-¯-nÂ, X-m-c-X-ta-y-\ \-n-k-m-c-a-m-b F-¶-mÂ k-m-l-N-c-y-w ssI-I-m-c-y-w sN-¿-m³ ]-ä-p-¶ N-n-e sF-U-n-b-IÄ a-p-t¶-m-«-v sh-¨-v-- sR-«-n-¨-p I-f-b-p-w N-n-eÀ. A-¯-c-w sF-U-n-b-I-sf-b-m-W-v I-n-S-p sF-U-n-b F-¶-v h-n-f-n-¨-v B-Z-c-n-¡-p-I. K-mÀ-U-\-n-M-v, tl-m-w ssa-¡-n-M-v, I-p-¡-n-M-v, ¢-o-\-n-M-v X-p-S-§-n \-n-X-y P-o-h-n-X C-S-]-m-S-p-I-f-n-e-p-w C-¯-c-w


I-n-S-p sF-U-n-b-IÄ A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¨-v k-l-m-b-n-¡-m-d-p-ï-v N-n-eÀ.

I-e-m/ k-m-l-n-X-y/I-m-b-n-I a-Õ-c-§Ä, h-n-Ú-m-\ ]-c-o-£-IÄ, s]-m-X-p I-z-n-k-v-- a-Õ-c-§Ä X-p-S-§-n-b-h-b-nÂ \-S-¯-p-¶ A-X-y-p -{K³ s]À-t^-m-a³-k-p-I-sf G-ä-h-p-w a-t\-m-l-c-a-m-b-n h-n-i-Z-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ B I-p-«-n-b-p-tS-X-v I-n-S-p s]À-t^-m-a³-k-v-- B-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-§-v-- ]-d-ª-m a-X-n. A-c-§-p-I-f-n-se {X-k-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ I-m-g-v-N-I-sf hÀ-W-n-¡-m³ A-sX-m-c-p I-n-S-p k-o-\-m-b-n-c-p-s¶-¶-§-v-- I-m-¨-n-b-m-e-p-w kwK-Xn GÂ¡pw. A-X-nÂ F-Ã-m-w B-b-n. ]-n-s¶ B-c-p-w H-¶-p-w tN-m-Z-n-¡-n-Ã.

N-n-e k-m-[-\-§-sf N-q-ï-n C-X-v- - I-n-S-p sF-ä-w B-sW-¶-v B-sc-¦-n-e-p-w ]-d-ª-mÂ ]-n-s¶ k-w-i-b-n-¡-m-\-n-Ã. B A-`-n-{]-m-b-w ]-m-k-m-¡-n-b BÄ-¡-v, B k-m-[-\-w \-t¶ t_-m-[-n-N-n-«-p-sï-¶-v k-m-c-w!

N-p-c-p-¡-¯-nÂ, K-w-`-o-c-a-m-b G-sX-m-c-p h-k-v-X-p-h-p-w I-m-g-v-N-b-p-w ̂ -o-e-n-M-p-w F-´-n-\-v, t{S-mÄ s]-m-e-p-w I-n-S-p-h-m-W-v. C-¡-m-e-¯-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ tk-m-j-yÂ a-o-U-n-b-b-nÂ I-ï t{S-m-f-p-I-f-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w K-w-`-o-c-a-m-b-n ̂ -oÂ sN-b-v-X t{S-mÄ C-§-s\-b-m-W-v. "N-m-


W-I-¯-nÂ N-h-n-«-c-p-X-v - -. F-´-p-sI-m-sï-¶-mÂ A-X-v-- C-´-y-b-p-sS tZ-i-o-b X-o-«-a-m-I-p-¶-p.' ]-i-p k-w-c-£-W-w a-d-b-m-¡-n a-\-p-j-y-s\ A-d-p-¡-p-¶ k-w-k--v-I-m-c-¯-n-\-p t\-sc i-à-a-m-b-n h-n-cÂ N-q-ï-p-¶ C-u t{S-mÄ H-c-p I-n-S-p t{S-mÄ X-s¶!.

h-Ã-m-sX I-n-S-p-h-m-I-p-t¼-mÄ {]-tb-m-K-w N-n-e-t¸-mÄ "I-n-S-p-¡-m-¨-n'b-m-b-n a-m-d-n-sb-¶-p-w h-c-p-w. c-ï-p-w H-¶-v X-s¶.

I-n-S-p-h-p-w k-q-£-n-¡-W-w. A-S-n-s]-m-f-n-b-S-¡-a-p-Å a-p³-K-m-a-n-IÄ-¡-v h-¶ "tX-b-v-a-m-\-w' Chn-sS-bpw ]n-Sn-s]-Sm\pw D-]-tb-m-K-i-q-\-y-a-m-I-m\pw k-m-[-y-X C-Ã-m-X-n-Ã. I-c-p-X-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v-- \-Ã-X-m-W-v. tk-m-j-yÂ a-o-U-n-b C-ta-m-P-n e-n-Ì-nÂ I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n {]-X-n-\-n-[-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ H-c-p C-ta-m-P-n X-s¶-b-p-sï-¶-X-v-- \-y-q sP³ h-m-¡-p-I-f-nÂ I-n-S-p-h-n-sâ a-m-{X-w {]-tX-y-I-X-b-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. CXm C§s\ .

C-¯-c-w h-m-¡-p-I-sf ]-ä-n F-g-p-X-n X-p-S-§-n-b-t¸-mÄ h-¶ k-z-m-`-m-h-n-I-a-m-b H-c-p P-n-Ú-m-k. `-q-te-m-I a-e-b-m-f-n-IÄ H-¶-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶ C-u ]-p-¯³ h-m-¡-p-IÄ, B-Z-y-w D-]-sb-m-K-n-¨ B "]-Þ-n-ä-v' B-c-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w? A-§-s\-sb-m-c-mÄ H-m-tc-m h-m-¡-n-\-p ]-n-¶-n-e-p-w F-´-m-b-m-e-p-w D-ï-m-I-p-a-tÃ-m. B-sc-¦-n-e-p-a-m-h-s«.

C-u e-¡-¯-nÂ "\-½-f-m-b-n-«-v' ]-c-n-N-b-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶ ]-p-X-n-b {]-tb-m-K-h-p-w {i-±-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-a-tÃ-m! ]-n-tÅÀ C-t¸-mÄ \-y-q-sP³ A-Ã. A-X-p-¡-p-w ta-se-b-m-W-v. "\-y-q-sP³ ¹-k-v--'! $



A-S-p-¡-f-¸-p-c-b-n-te-¡-v X-n-c-n-ª-pt\-m-¡-p-t¼-mÄ a-\-k-nÂ H-m-S-n-sb-¯-p-¶-X-v D-½-

b-m-W-v. ]-p-e-c-p-ta-m F-¶-v t]-m-e-p-w D-d-¸-n-Ã-m-¯ \-m-sf-b-n-te-¡-v sh-Å-h-p-w h-n-d-I-p-w H-c-p-¡-nsh-¨-p k-q-c-y-\-p-W-c-p-w a-p-¼-p-WÀ-¶-p ]-m-X-n-c-s¡-t¸-m-tg-m A-W-ª-n-c-p-¶ H-c-p h-n-f-¡-v. D-W-§-n-¨-p-f-n-ª H-m-e-a-SÂ I-j-W-§Ä H-¶-p-w c-ï-p-a-m-b-n \-n-hÀ-

D-½-b-nÂ-\-n-¶-vD-uÀ-¶-n-d-§-p-¶X-o³-ta-i-b-n-sekv-t\-l-¡-q-«-v

]nS-ªm-sW-¦nepw H-cp s]m-Sn D¸pw ap-fIpw Iq-SmsX,]-\n-¨mepw ]p-X-¨p-\n-¶v ]-Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶ D-½-bp-sS

]-Xn-hn-\v ]-I-c-am-InÃ H-¶pw.

d-p-_-o-\ [email protected]

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¯-n-¸-n-S-n-¨ ssI-I-f-n-te-¡-v sh-¨-p-X-¶-v D-½ X-s¶-b-m-W-v ]-m-N-I-te-m-I-t¯-¡-v ]-m-k-v X-¶-X-v. A-§-s\-b-m-W-v I-c-n-b-p-w ]-p-I-b-p-w I-eÀ-¶ D-½-m-sâ K-Ô-w F-sâ-b-p-w C-ã-s¸-« a-W-a-m-b-n a-m-d-p-¶-X-v.

h-fÀ-¶-p h-c-p-w-tX-m-d-p-w A-S-p-¡-f-¨-p-a-c-p-IÄ-¡-p-Å-nÂ N-p-ä-n-¯-n-c-n-b-p-¶ D-½-b-p-sS X-«-¯-p-¼-nÂ R-m-\-p-sa-m-c-m-f-m-b-n. ssI-b-m-e-¸-p-d-¯-n-c-p-¶ sI-m-«-t¯-§-b-p-w D-¸-n-e-n-« H-ä-a-m-§-b-p-w I-«-p-X-n-¶-m³ I-m-e-p-w H-¶-p-th-K-w h-fÀ-s¶-¦-n-se-¶-m-b-n. B-f-n-¡-¯-p-¶ X-o A-S-p-¡-f-s¸-m-¯-nÂ BÀ-¯-e-¡-p-t¼-mÄ A-Zv`-p-X-t¯-m-sS t\-m-¡-n\-n-¶-n-«-p-ï-v. N-q-S-m-b F-®-b-n-te-¡-v I-S-p-I-p-w I-d-n-th-¸-n-e-b-p-w h-o-g-p-t¼-mÄ h-m-X-nÂ-s¡-m-S-n-b-nÂ H-m-S-n-sb-m-f-n-¨-p. I-c-n-¡-e-§Ä sI-m-«-¯-f-¯-nÂ-\-n-¶-v a-n-\-p-¡-n-sb-S-p-¯-p I-a-n-g-v-¯-n sh-¡-p-t¼-m-tg-¡-p-w c-m-{X-n A-X-n-sâ ]-I-p-X-n-b-p-w b-m-{X-b-m-b-n-¡-g-n-ª-n-«-p-ï-m-I-p-w.

a-m-h-c-¨-p-w a-k-m-e-I-q-«-n-b-p-w ]-m-X-n-c-s¡-t¸-m-tg-m ta-e-v I-g-p-I-m³ t]-m-I-p-¶ D-½-m-¡-v I-m-h-e-m-b-n D-½-d-¸-S-n-b-nÂ D-d-¡-¨-S-th-m-sS I-m-¯-n-c-p-¶-X-v C-¶-se-¡-g-n-ª t]-m-se. "t]-S-n-t¡-ï t«-m D-½ C-h-n-S-p-ï-v..' I-p-f-n-a-p-d-n-b-p-sS X-I-c h-m-X-nÂ N-m-c-p-t¼-m-g-p-w D-½ I-c-p-X-e-n³ I-S-e-m-k-nÂ B-W-n-X-d-¨-p. ]-p-I-¨-p-c-p-f-p-IÄ-¡-p-Å-nÂ H-c-p \-n-gÂ t]-m-se D-½ ]-n-tä-¶-p-w H-c-p-¡-n-sI-m-tïbn-c-p-¶-p. a-g-¡-m-e-a-m-b-mÂ I-®-p-IÄ ]-m-X-n-b-S-¨-p D-u-X-n-b-q-X-n \-\-ª h-n-d-I-v sI-m-Å-n-I-f-p-a-m-b-p-Å b-p-²-w-X-p-S-§-n. sX-m-ï-b-nÂ I-p-c-p-§-n-b ]-p-I-b-p-sS I-e-n-¸-n-s\ N-p-a-¨-p-X-Å-n D-½ a-p-t¶-m-«-v X-s¶.

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h-n-i-¸-n-sâ c-p-N-n A-d-n-b-m-¯-hÀ D-ï-m-I-p-ta-m C-u te-m-I-¯-v? A-sÃ-¦-nÂ c-p-N-n-b-p-Å ̀ -£-W-s¯ \-n-tj-[-n-¡-m³ sa-\-s¡-S-p-¶ h-n-i-¶ h-b-d-p-ï-m-I-p-ta-m? 80þ90I-f-nÂ P-\-n-¨-h-c-m-sW-¦-nÂ ]-«-n-W-n-b-p-sS-b-p-w ]-c-n-h-«-§-f-p-sS-b-p-w C-S-b-nÂ I-ª-n-sh-Å-¯-n-se-m-c-p a-W-n h-ä-p I-m-W-m³ I-®-p-\-«-n-c-p-¶ I-Y-IÄ G-sd-b-p-ï-m-I-p-w ]-d-b-m³. a-m-X-m-h-n-sâ D-Z-c-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-qÀ-¶-n-d-§-n-b \-n-a-n-j-w a-p-XÂ P-o-h-t\-m-]-m-[-n-b-m-b-n a-®-n-te-¡-p-Å a-S-¡-w-h-sc ]-e c-p-N-n t`-Z-§-f-m-b-n c-k-a-p-I-p-f-§-sf sX-m-«-p-WÀ-¯-n ̀ -£-W-w \-t½-m-sS-m-¸-a-m-h-p-I-b-mW-v.

a-m-td-m-S-v tNÀ-¯-v a-m-X-r-X-z-w N-p-c-¯-n-¯-¶ D-½-b-p-sS B-Z-y-s¯ k-v- -t\-l-a-q-«-e-n-sâ A-\-p-`-q-X-n A-d-n-b-m³ D-½-b-m-th-m-f-w I-m-¯-n-c-n-t¡-ï-n h-¶-p F-¶-X-m-W-v k-X-y-w. l-r-Z-b-¯-nÂ-\-n-¶v I-n-\-n-ª-n-d-§-n-b B sX-f-n-\-o-c-p-a-m-b-n h-o-ï-p-w h-n-i-¸-n-s\ tX-S-n A-e-ª-p-sI-m-tï-b-n-c-p-¶-p \-m-w.

A-c-n-`-£-W-w B-ï-n-se-m-c-n-¡Â a-m-{X-a-m-b-n, tN-¼-p-w tN-\-b-p-w I-n-f-¡-m³ \-m-f-p-I-sf-®-n I-m-¯-n-c-p-¶ ]-g-b I-m-e-¯-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w `-£-W-s¸-c-p-a-sI-m-ï-v ]-{X-m-k-v I-m-W-n-¡-p-¶ "_-n-c-n-b-m-W-n-¡-Y'I-f-m-b-n I-m-e-w a-m-d-n-b-t¸-m-g-p-w h-n-i-¸-n-sâ h-n-I-m-c-w h-n-e-sI-S-m-sX X-s¶ \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p.

H-m-tc-m Z-n-h-k-§-f-n-e-p-w ta-i-¸-p-d-¯-n-c-n-t¡-ï-X-v h-y-X-y-k-v-X-§-f-m-b ̀ -£-W-§Ä B-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w F-¶-X-v ]-p-X-p X-e-a-p-d-b-p-sS H-c-p I-o-g-v--h-g-¡-w B-sW-¶-v ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w tX-m-¶-n-b-n-«-p-ï-v. X-n-c-n-ª-p-w a-d-n-ª-p-w t\-m-¡-m-sX a-r-ã-m-¶-t`-m-P-\-w

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\-S-¯-p-¶-hÀ N-n-´-n-¡-m-d-p-tï-m skÀ-h-n-M-v t¹-ä-nÂ sk-ä-m-I-p-¶-X-v h-sc D-ï-m-b-n-«-p-Å ]-n-¶-m-¼-p-d-s¯ A-[-z-m-\-§-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-v.

]-e ̀ -c-W-n-I-f-n-e-m-b-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶ s]-m-S-n-IÄ ssI-¡-W-¡-nÂ H-c-p-a-n-¸-n-¨-p ]-e-h-n-[ c-k-¡-q-«-p-I-f-m-b-n X-o-t·-i-b-nÂ H-c-p-¡-n \-nÀ-¯-n. s]-c-p-¶-m-f-p-I-tf-m a-ä-p h-n-ti-j Z-n-h-k-§-tf-m h-¶-mÂ A-S-p-¡-f-¸-m-{X-§-f-p-sS I-e-]-n-e A-[-n-I-a-m-b-n. s]-m-«-¡-n-W-ä-nÂ h-o-W \-£-{X-¡-p-ª-p-§-sf t]-m-se D-d-§-m-¯ I-®-p-IÄ A-t¸-m-g-p-w {]-I-m-i-n-¨-p. H-m-tc-m-c-p-¯-c-p-sS-b-p-w A-`-n-c-p-N-n-I-sf H-c-p-a-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-Å a-m-{´-n-I-X D-½-b-p-sS ssI-h-i-w `-{Z-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. `-£-W k-a-b-¯-nÂ N-n-«-sX-ä-m-¯ IÀ-¡-i-¡-mÀ-¡-n-S-b-nÂ ss]-X-§-sf-b-p-w t\-m-¡-n ]-X-n-h-v sX-ä-m-X-n-c-n-¡-m³ D-½ I-m-W-n-¨ k-m-l-k-t¯-m-f-w h-c-n-Ã C-¶-s¯ P-\-td-j-sâ H-c-p I-p-¡-n-M-v N-e-©-p-w. ]-n-S-ª-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w s]-m-S-n-¡-v--t]-m-e-p-w D-¸-p-w a-p-f-I-p-w I-q-S-m-sX ]-\-n-¨-m-e-p-w

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]-p-X-¨-p-\-n-¶-v D-½ ]-X-n-h-v sX-ä-n-¡-m-X-n-c-p-¶-p. H-m-tc-m \-\-¨-p-I-p-f-n-¡-p-w ]-p-I h-n-g-p-§-n-b N-p-a-

c-p-IÄ sh-Å ]-q-i-n A-S-p-¡-f-sb ]-p-X-p-s]-®-m-¡-n \-nÀ-¯-n. X-o-t·-i-b-nÂ \-n-¶-m-sc-¦-n-e-p-w \-Ã A-`-n-{]-m-b-w ]-d-ª-mÂ B h-c-ï N-n-c-n-b-nÂ N-n-{X i-e-`-§Ä h-n-c-n-b-p-w. I-q-d-p-Å-n-S-s¯ I-p-d-h-p-Å-q F-¶-v ]-d-ª-X-v t]-m-se I-p-ä-§Ä I-sï-¯-p-¶-h-tc-m-S-v N-n-X-e-c-n-¡-m-¯ a-\-tk-m-sS A-h-c-p-sS C-ã-§-sf tN-m-Z-n-¨-d-n-ª-p. ]-c-m-X-n-tb-m ]-c-n-`-h-§-tf-m C-Ã-m-sX H-u-Z-m-c-y-¯-n-sâ A-£-b-]-m-{X-a-m-b-n D-½ ]-n-s¶-b-p-w \-n-d-ª-m-S-n-s¡-m-ï-n-c-p-¶-p. A-f-h-n-Ã-m-¯ k-v--t\-l-h-p-w I-c-p-X-e-p-w B-ä-n-¡-p-d-p-¡-n l-r-Z-b-w sI-m-ï-v h-n-f-¼-p-¶-X-v sI-m-ï-v X-s¶-b-m-W-v G-X-v ss^-h-v Ì-mÀ tl-m-«-e-nÂ-t]-m-b-n ̀ -£-W-w I-g-n-¨-m-e-p-w D-½-a-m-c-p-sS ssI-¸-p-W-y-¯-n-sâ a-mÀ-¡-v H-c-p-]-S-n a-p-¶-nÂ \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v.

H-m-tc-m \-Ã h-o-«-p-I-m-c-n-I-f-p-w \-Ã ]-m-N-I-¡-m-c-n-IÄ I-q-Sn B-b-n-c-n-¡-p-sa-¶-v D-½ A-\-p-`-h-¯-n-e-q-sS I-m-W-n-¨-p X-c-n-I-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-¨-S-¡-h-p-w £-a-b-p-w [-mÀ-a-n-I-a-q-e-y-§-f-p-w F-Ã-m-w R-§-f-d-n-b-m-sX R-§-f-n-te-¡-v h-n-f-¼-n X-¶-p. H-c-n-¡-e-p-w ̀ -£-W-s¯ I-p-ä-w ]-d-b-c-p-sX-¶-p-w F-´-v I-n-«-n-b-m-e-p-w I-g-n-¡-W-sa-¶-p-w D-½ X-¶ ]-mT-§Ä B-W-v. h-d-p-¡-m-\-p-Å F-® N-q-S-m-I-p-t¼-m-tg-¡-p-w ]-¸-S-w s]-m-X-n-ª ]-{X-¡-j-W-w D-½-¡-p-Å-n-se h-m-b-\-¡-m-c-n-sb D-WÀ-¯-n.

G-X-v h-d-p-X-n-b-p-sS I-m-e-¯-p-w h-n-i-¸-I-ä-m-\-p-Å H-c-p I-m-¨-n-e-n-s\-¦-n-e-p-w A-hÀ A-S-p-¡-f-a-p-ä-¯-v X-S-sa-m-c-p-¡-n. D-u-c N-m-b-v-¡-m-s\-m-c-n-¯-n-c-n t\-c-w

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I-n-«-n-b-mÂ sh-Å-h-p-w h-f-h-p-w \Â-I-n A-h-sb-b-p-w a-¡-sf t]-m-se tNÀ-¯-p-\-nÀ-¯-n. C-sâÀ-sh-Ã-p-I-f-nÂ tI-m-g-n-¡-q-S-n-te-¡-p-w B-«-n³-I-p-«-n-I-sf-b-p-w t\-m-¡-n k-l-P-o-h-n-k-v--t\-l-w \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-n. A-c-h-b-d-n-e-p-w a-d-p-h-b-d-p \-n-d-¡-m³ sX-f-n-\-o-c-p-d-h-b-m-b-n ]-p-X-p-c-p-N-n-IÄ X-o-ï-m³ D-½ ]-n-s¶-b-p-w H-g-p-I-n-s¡-m-tï-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

h-n-i-¸-m-W-v `-£-W-¯-n-sâ c-p-N-n X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¡-p-¶ a-p-J-y³ F-¶-v ]-d-ª-p tI-«-n-«-p-ï-v. Z-m-l-n-¨-p h-e-ª-p I-p-S-n-¡-p-¶ ]-¨-sh-Å-¯-n-sâ a-m-[-p-c-y-w sh-d-p-sX I-p-S-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ I-n-«-m-¯-X-v A-X-p-sI-m-ï-v X-s¶-b-m-h-W-w. ̀ -£-W-s¸-m-e-n-a-IÄ I-q-S-p-X-e-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w ]-g-b-I-m-e-s¯ c-p-N-n X-n-c-n-¨-p I-n-«-p-¶-n-sÃ-¶ ]-c-n-X-]-n-¡-e-n-\-v I-m-c-W-w h-n-i-¡-m³ h-b-d-n-\-p H-c-h-k-c-w \Â-I-m-¯-X-n-\-m-e-m-h-W-w.

I-m-e-{I-ta-W H-c-p sN-d-p I-p-S-p-w-_-a-m-b-n N-p-c-p-§-p-t¼-mÄ \-p-Å-n H-¸-n-¨-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w t\-c-d-n-h-v ]T-n-¸-n-¨ sN-d-p-¸-I-m-e-w s\-m-¼-c-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p-ï-v. ]-p-I-b-n-Ã-m-¯ A-S-p-¸-p-I-f-p-w A-S-p-¸-p-sï-¶-p-t]-m-

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e-p-w tX-m-¶-m-¯ c-o-X-n-b-n-e-p-Å B-[-p-\-n-I I-n-¨-W-p-I-f-p-w A-c-§-p-h-m-g-p-¶ C-u \-y-q-sP³ I-m-e-¯-v \-mÂ-¡-h-e-I-f-nÂ t]-m-e-p-w ̂ -m-Ì-v-^-p-U-v d-tÌ-m-dâ-p-IÄ N-n-c-n-¨-p \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-n-sâ I-m-c-W-w \-½-p-sS A-e-k-X-b-p-w a-S-n-b-p-w H-s¡-b-m-W-v.

B-tc-m-K-y-\-ã-h-p-w [-\-\-ã-h-p-w a-m-{X-a-Ã l-r-Z-b-_-Ô-§-f-p-sS C-g-b-S-p-¸-§Ä-I-q-sS \-ã-¯-n-e-m-¡-p-¶-p-ï-v C-u F-f-p-¸-¸-W-n.

h-n-i-¡-p-¶-h-s\-m-c-p t\-c-s¯ ̀ -£-W-w D-ï-m-¡-n sI-m-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-sâ a-l-X-z-w A-d-n-b-p-¶-h-c-m-c-p-w A-X-n-sâ X-y-m-K-s¯ h-n-k-v-a-c-n-¡-n-Ã, B k-a-b-s¯ ]-g-n-¡-n-Ã. a-d-n-¨-v A-X-n-b-m-b B-th-i-t¯-m-sS B-ßk-w-X-r-]-v-X-n-b-p-sS X-«-I-¯-nÂ A-h-n-sS ]-m-{X-§Ä X-m-f-a-n-«-p sI-m-tï-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. D-bÀ-¶ tP-m-e-n, i-¼-f-w X-p-S-§-n-b ̀ -m-h-n-b-n-te-¡-v a-¡-sf a-Õ-c-n-s¨-m-c-p-¡-p-t¼-mÄ N-n-e c-£-n-X-m-¡-sf-¦-n-e-p-w ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v tIÄ-¡-m-w, \-¶-m-b-n ]T-n-¨-n-sÃ-¦-nÂ G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w A-S-p-¡-f-b-nÂ I-n-S-¶-p \-c-I-n-t¡-ï-n h-c-p-w F-¶-v. F-¶-mÂ A-S-p-¡-f-b-p-w H-c-p h-e-n-b kÀ-h-I-e-m-i-m-e-b-m-sW-¶ t_-m-[-a-n-Ã-m-¯ ]-c-n-j-v- -I-m-c-n-I-tf-m-sS-m-¶-p ]-d-b-m-\-p-ï-v, B-W-m-b-m-e-p-w s]-®-m-b-m-e-p-w sa-¨-s¸-« P-o-h-n-X k-m-l-N-c-y-§-f-n-te-¡-v a-¡-sf ssI-]-n-S-n-¨-p D-bÀ-¯-p-¶-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w k-z-´-w ]-i-n-b-S-¡-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-¶ ]-m-N-I-sa-¦-n-e-p-w t{]-m-Õ-m-l-n-¸-n-¨-n-Ã, ]T-n-¸-n-¨-n-Ã F-¦-nÂ h-c-p-w-X-e-a-p-d-IÄ-¡-v I-n-«-p-¶ X-o-c-m-\-ã-§-f-nÂ H-¶-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-a-X-v, X-oÀ-¨ $

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tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v, tI-m-f-n-t¡-m-«-v, I-m-e-n-¡-ä-v, I-m-e-n-I-q-X-v F-s¶-m-s¡ ]-e-c-p-w

]-e t]-c-nÂ h-n-f-n-¡-p-¶ tZ-i-¯nsâ, t]-c-n-sâ B-h-nÀ-`-m-h-s¯-¸-ä-n ]-e A-`-n-{]-m-b-§Ä \-n-e-h-n-e-p-ï-v. tI-m(tI-m-«), A-g-n(A-g-n-a-p-J-w), tI-m-S-v(\-m-S-v) F-¶-n-h tNÀ-¶-m-W-v tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v B-b-sX-¶-v H-c-`-n-{]-m-b-w. tI-m-b-nÂ(sI-m-«-m-c-w), tI-m-« F-¶-o h-m-¡-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-ï-m-b-sX-¶-v a-sä-m-c-`-n-{]-m-b-w.

tIm-gn-t¡m-SvsX-cp-hn-sâIY

temI¯nsâ {i²mtI{µambnamdnb tImgnt¡mSv tZi¯nsâ

Ncn{X hÀ¯am\§Ä.

lm^nkv ap_jnÀ [email protected]

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I-m-e-n-¡-ä-v F-¶ t]-c-n-s\-¸-ä-n-b-p-w c-ï-`-n-{]-m-b-a-p-ï-v. tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-s« {]-k-n-²-a-m-b ]-c-p-¯-n-¯-p-W-n-sb A-d-_-n-IÄ I-m-e-n-t¡-m(Kalikko) F-¶-m-b-n-c-n-¶-p h-n-f-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. I-m-e-n-t¡-m e-`-n-¡-p-¶ Ø-e-w I-m-e-n-t¡-m-ä-m-b-n. {_-n-«-o-j-p-I-mÀ C-X-v I-m-e-n-¡-ä-v F-¶-m-¡-n. a-[-y-I-m-e-L-«-§-f-nÂ k-p-K-Ô-{Z-h-y-§-f-p-sS tI-f-n-tI-« \-m-S-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v. h-m-k-v-tI-m-U-K-m-a-sb t]-m-se-b-p-Å k-©-m-c-n-I-sf tI-m-g-n-t¡-m--t«¡-v F-¯-n-¨-X-p-w C-X-v X-s¶.

te-m-I-c-m-P-y-§Ä-¡-n-S-b-nÂ "k-X-y-¯-n-sâ X-p-d-a-p-J'a-m-W-v tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v. A-d-_-n-I-f-p-w X-pÀ-¡-n-I-f-p-w C-u-P-n-]-v-X-p-I-m-c-p-w ssN-\-¡-m-c-p-w C-u X-p-d-a-p-J-w h-g-n tI-c-f-w I-ï-p. tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-s« A-d-_-n-¡-¨-h-S-¯-n-sâ t]-m-c-n-i t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-p-I-m-c-\-m-b Z-p-hÀ-s¯ _À-t_-m-k C-§-s\ A-S-b-m-f-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p: "tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-s« a-p-l-½-Z-o-b-c-m-b A-d-_-n-IÄ 1000h-p-w 12000D-w _-m-lÀ ̀ -m-c-a-p-Å I-¸-e-p-I-f-p-ï-m-¡-n. C-h-b-nÂ G-X-p a-g-¡-m-e-¯-v t]-m-e-p-w G-X-p c-m-P-y-t¯-¡-p-w 10þ15 I-¸-e-p-IÄ I-¨-h-S-mÀ-Y-w k-©-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. C-h-b-nÂ N-n-e I-¸-e-p-IÄ sN-¦-SÂ, G-U³, sa-¡ a-p-X-e-m-b Ø-e-§-f-n-te-¡-v t]-m-I-p-¶-p; C-h-n-S-§-f-nÂ C-hÀ k-m-a-m-\-w h-n-ä-v h-f-sc B-Z-m-b-a-p-ï-m-¡-p-¶-p. N-n-e k-m-a-m-\-w P-q-tU-m-h-n-se I-¨-h-S-¡-mÀ-¡-v h-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p. P-q-tU-m-h-nÂ \-n-¶-v sN-d-n-b I-¸-e-p-IÄ h-g-n tS-m-td-m-h-n-te-¡-p-w tS-m-td-m-h-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w sI-b-v - -td-m-h-n-te-¡-p-w A-h-n-sS \-n-¶-p-w A-e-I-v- -k-m-{ï-n-b-b-n-te-¡-p-w ]-n-s¶ sh-\-o-k-n-te-¡-p-w H-S-p-h-nÂ R-§-f-p-sS \-m-S-p-I-f-n-te-¡-p-w t]-m-b-n h-y-m-]-m-c-w

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sN-¿-p-¶-p. A-hÀ sI-m-ï-p-h-c-p-¶ k-m-a-m-\-§Ä G-ä-h-p-w hÀ-[-n-¨ I-p-c-p-a-p-f-I-v, C-©-n, G-e-w, F-e-h-§-w, ]-p-f-n, I-S-p-¡, s\-Ã-n-¡, X-m-¶-n-¡, tc-m-P-\-w, I-ä-h-m-g k-¯-v, tc-hÂ N-n-´-n, a-o-\-¼À, h-n-e-]-n-S-n-¨ F-Ã-m-X-c-w c-X-v--\-§Ä, ]-h-n-g a-p-¯-p-IÄ, I-k-v-X-q-c-n, ]-c-p-¯-n-¯-p-W-n-IÄ, N-o-\ ]-n-ª-m-W ]-m-{X-§Ä a-p-X-e-m-b-h-b-m-W-v. N-n-eÀ P-q-tU-m-h-nÂ \-n-¶-v sN-¼-v, c-k-w, N-m-b-n-e-y-w, a-p-¯-v, I-p-¦-p-a-w, t\-c-n-b X-p-W-n-IÄ, ]-\-n-\-oÀ, t]-\-¡-¯-n-IÄ, ]-e-\-n-d-¯-n-e-p-Å ]-«-p-\-m-c-v, k-zÀ-W-w, sh-Å-n a-p-X-e-m-b-h h-m-§-n tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-t«-¡-v a-S-§-n-h-¶-v h-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p.'

1498Â t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-v \-m-h-n-I-\-m-b h-m-k-v-tI-m U K-m-a tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v ]-«-W-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-v 25 I-n-te-m-a-o-äÀ-- A-I-se-b-p-Å I-m-¸-m-S-v I-SÂ-X-o-c-¯-v I-¸-e-n-d-§-n-b-tX-m-sS tI-m-g-n-¡-m-S-n-sâ N-c-n-{X-w a-m-d-n-¯-p-S-§-n.

F U-n 1122 h-sc tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v tN-ck-m-{a-m-P-y-¯-n-\v I-o-g-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. tN-c-k-m-{a-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ ]-X-\-¯-n-\-p ti-j-w tI-m-e-¯-n-c-n-I-f-p-sS I-o-g-n-e-m-b-n. A-X-n-\-p-ti-j-w G-d-\-m-«-p c-m-P-m-h-n-sâ A-[-o-\-X-b-n-e-m-b-n. A-hÀ C-h-n-sS H-c-p tI-m-« ]-W-n-X-p. ]-n-¶-o-S-v C-u c-m-P-m-¡-·-mÀ k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n F-¶-d-n-b-s¸-S-m³ X-p-S-§-n. k-z-m-a-n \-¼-n-b-m-X-n-c-n X-n-c-p-a-pÂ-]-m-S-v F-¶-X-n-sâ N-p-c-p-¡ c-q-]-a-m-W-v k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n. C-u I-m-e-¯-m-W-v tI-c-f-¯-nÂ ]-d-¦-n-t¯-tc-m-«-w X-p-S-§-p-¶-X-v.

t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-p-I-mÀ tI-m-g-n -t¡-m-S-n -sâ h-S-¡-p-`-m-K-¯-p-Å I-®-q-c-p-w sX-¡-p-`-m-K-¯-p-Å sI-m-¨-n-b-p-w tI-{µ-o-I-c-n-¨-v h-m-W-n-P-y-w \-S-¯-n.

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F-¶-mÂ ]-d-¦-n-I-sf tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v ssI-¸-n-S-n-b-n-se-m-X-p-¡-m³ k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-n-Ã. \-n-c-´-c k-½À-Z-§-f-p-sS ̂ -e-a-m-b-n N-n-e {]-tZ-i-§-f-nÂ h-m-W-n-P-y-¯-n-\-v t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-p-I-m-sc A-\-p-h-Z-n-t¡-ï-n h-s¶-¦-n-e-p-w ]-X-n-t\-g-m-w \-q-ä-m-ï-n-sâ a-[-y-t¯-m-sS U-¨-p-I-m-c-p-sS k-l-m-b-t¯-m-S-p-I-q-S-n k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n A-h X-n-c-n-¨-p-]-n-S-n-¨-p. k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-n-sâ A-[-n-]-X-n B-b-tX-m-sS-b-m-W-v A-d-_-n-IÄ tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-n-sâ h-m-W-n-P-y tI-{µ-¯-nÂ N-p-h-S-p-d-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. a-ä-p c-m-P-¡-·-m-sc tX-m-e-v-]-n-¡-m³ k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n-¡-v a-p-kve-n-w-IÄ k-l-m-b-w sN-b-v-X-p. A-§-s\ sI-m-¨-n h-sc-b-p-Å {]-tZ-i-§-f-p-sS A-[-n-]-\-m-b-n k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n a-m-d-n.-

1766Â ssa-k-qÀ k-pÂ-¯-m-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶ ssl-Z-c-m-e-n-b-p-w a-I³ S-n-¸-p k-pÂ-¯-m-\-p-w tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v ]-n-S-n-¨-S-¡-n. S-n-¸-p ̀ -c-W-¯-nÂ h-e-n-b a-m-ä-§Ä sI-m-ï-p-h-¶-p. A-¡-m-e-¯-v \-n-c-h-[-n k-hÀ-W-P-m-X-n-¡-mÀ sX-t¡-m-«-v ]-e-m-b-\-w sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-p. P-m-X-n I-o-gvh-g-¡-§-f-p-sS N-§-e s]-m-«-n-¨-v A-\-h-[-n t]À C-kve-m-w k-z-o-I-c-n-¨-p. h-k-v-{X-[-m-c-W-¯-n-e-p-w a-m-ä-§Ä h-¶-p. C-h-n-sS \-n-e-h-n-e-p-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶

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]-e A-\-m-N-m-c-§-f-p-w \-nÀ-¯-e-m-¡-m³ S-n-¸-p k-pÂ-¯-m³ \-n-b-a-§Ä sI-m-ï-p-h-¶-p. tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v K-X-m-K-X tb-m-K-y-a-m-¡-n. ]-m-e-§-f-p-w N-p-c-§-f-p-w \-nÀ-a-n-¨-p. ̀ -q-h-p-S-a-IÄ ̀ -q-\-n-I-p-X-n \Â-I-W-sa-¶ \-n-b-a-w B-Z-y-a-m-b-n \-S-¸-nÂ h-c-p-¯-n. ]-n-¶-o-S-v 1792se a-q-¶-m-w B-w-t¥-m-þ-ssa-k-qÀ b-p-²-s¯-¯-p-SÀ-¶-v ssl-Z-c-m-e-n-b-p-sS ]-n³-K-m-a-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶ S-n-¸-p-A-[-n-I-m-c-sa-m-g-n-ª-p. 1956Â tI-c-f-w c-q-]-w sI-m-Å-p-¶-X-p h-sc C-X-v a-{Z-m-k-v {]-k-n-U³-k-n-b-p-sS I-o-g-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

a-n-j-v-I-mÂ ]-Å-nB-Z-y I-m-g-v-N-b-nÂ X-s¶ a-\-w I-h-c-p-¶ \-nÀ-a-n-

X-n-b-m-W-v a-n-j-v-I-mÂ ]-Å-n-b-p-tS-X-v. G-g-p \-q-ä-m-ï-n-te-sd ]-g-¡-a-p-ï-v. t£-{X-§Ä c-q-]-IÂ-]-\ sN-b-v-X X-¨-·-m-c-m-W-v tI-c-f-o-b h-m-k-v-X-p-ssi-e-n-b-nÂ C-u a-p-k-v--e-n-w B-c-m-[\-m-e-b-w ]-W-n-X-X-v. X-m-sg \-n-e-b-n-se ̀ -n-¯-n-IÄ H-g-n-¨-p-Å ̀ -m-K-§-tf-sd-b-p-w X-S-n D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-m-W-v \-nÀ-a-m-W-w. t]-mÀ-¨-p-K-o-k-p-I-m-c-p-sS A-{I-a-¯-nÂ ]-Å-n ̀ -m-K-n-I-a-m-b-n X-IÀ-¶-n-c-p-¶-p. k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n c-m-P-m-h-n-sâ k-l-m-b-t¯-m-sS ]-n-¶-o-S-v tI-S-p-]-m-S-p-IÄ X-oÀ-¡-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

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sX-m-«-c-n-sI-b-p-Å a-p-¨-p-´-n ]-Å-n-¡-v a-n-j-v-I-mÂ ]-Å-n-sb-¡-mÄ ]-g-¡-a-p-ï-v. I-m-e-¸-g-¡-t¯-m-sS-m-¸-w a-m-ä-§-sf-m-¶-p-a-n-Ã-m-sX \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶ A-]-qÀ-h-w ]-Å-n-I-f-n-se-m-¶-m-W-n-Xv. X-S-n-b-nÂ B-te-J-\-w sN-b-v-X N-n-{X-¸-W-n-I-f-p-w A-h-b-v-¡-n-S-b-nÂ sI-m-¯-n-h-¨ J-pÀ-B³ k-q-à-§-f-p-w C-¶-p-w a-p-¨-p-´-n ]-Å-n-b-nÂ I-m-W-m-w.

a-nT-m-b-n-s¯-c-p-h-v\-n-d-tb lÂ-h-¡-S-I-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-s{X C-h-n-sS.

{_-n-«-o-j-p-I-mÀ-¡-v lÂ-h, k-z-o-ä-v a-o-ä-v (sweet meat) B-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-§-s\ sX-c-p-h-n-\-v F-k-v F-w k-v-{S-o-ä-v F-¶ t]-c-p I-n-«-n. A-X-n-\-p a-p³-]-v "l-p-k-qÀ td-m-U-v' F-¶ t]-c-n-e-p-w C-u td-m-U-v A-d-n-b-s¸-«-n-c-p¶-p.

tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-n-sâ k-m-l-n-X-y k-w-k--v-I-m-c-n-I a-p-J-a-m-W-n-¶-v tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v. h-n-t\-m-Z k-©-m-c-n-I-f-p-sS \-nÀ-`-b tI-{µ-w. \-Ã ̀ -£-W-h-p-w b-m-{X-m k-u-I-c-y-h-p-w. B-i-p-]-{X-n-b-p-w B-c-m-[-\-m-e-b-§-f-p-w ]-p-k-v-X-I-i-m-e-I-f-p-w I-m-g-v-N-b-n-S-§-f-p-w a-t\-m-l-c-a-m-b I-S-te-m-c-h-p-w k-µÀ-i-\ tI-{µ-h-p-w tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-n-sâ a-m-ä-v I-q-«-p-¶-p.

h-S-¡-v I-®-q-c-p-w sX-¡-v a-e-¸-p-d-h-p-w I-n-g-¡-v h-b-\-m-S-p-w ]-S-n-ª-m-d-v A-d-_-n-¡-S-e-p-w A-X-nÀ-¯-n ]-¦-S-p-¶ tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v P-n-Ã, 1957 P-\-p-h-c-n 1 \-m-W-v \-n-e-h-nÂ h-¶-X-v. 28,79,131 N.I-n a-o-äÀ h-n-k-v-X-r-X-n. \-m-e-v X-m-e-q-¡-p-IÄ. tI-c-f-¯-n-se ]-«-W-§-f-nÂ h-e-n-¸-¯-nÂ a-q-¶-m-w Ø-m-\-¯-v $

n city\mK‑cnIw



l-p-ssk³(d), A-e-n-b-p-sS(d) a-I³. X-n-c-p-\-_-n-b-p-sS(k-z) t]-c-a-I³. D-a-h-n-¿

I-m-e-¯-v b-k-o-Z-n-sâ ̀ -c-W-¯-n-s\-X-n-sc \-n-e-sI-m-ï-X-n-sâ t]-c-nÂ c-à-k-m-£-y-w h-l-n-¨-p. B N-c-n-{X-m-w-i-a-m-W-n-X-v.

\-_-n-b-p-sS (k-z) t]-c-a-I³ F-¶-X-v l-p-ssk-\-v(d) h-e-n-b A-w-K-o-I-m-c-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. ̀ -c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n b-k-o-Z-n-s\-X-n-sc \-n-e-b-p-d-¸-n-¨-t¸-mÄ H-c-p-I-q-«-w P-\-X l-p-ssk³ X-§-f-p-sS I-q-sS \-n-¶-p. C-X-nÂ

Iq^-bn-sec-à-km£yw

Xncp\_nbpsS aSnbnÂ \n¶v IÀ_e-bnsecàkm£yw hscbpÅ lpssk³ (d)sâPohnX¯nse hnkvacn¡m¯ HmÀ-aIÄ.

AJpÂ Aao³

Ncn{XwHistory


b-k-o-Z-v _-n³ a-pB-h-n-b ̀ -b-¶-p. ̀ -c-W-I-q-S-¯-n-s\-X-n-sc h-n-¹-h-a-p-ï-m-I-p-sa-¶-v `-c-W-m-[-n-I-c-n I-W-¡-p-I-q-«-n. C-X-v a-p³-I-q-«-n sN-d-p-¡-m³ b-k-o-Z-v X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¨-p. X-s¶ A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¡-m³ X-§-tf-m-S-v b-k-o-Z-v \-nÀ-tZ-i-n-¨-p. X-§Ä ]-t£ \-n-c-k-n-¨-p. h-e-n-b A-w-K-o-I-m-c-§-f-p-w k-p-J-P-o-h-n-X-h-p-w th-sï-¶-p-sh-¨-p. A-[-n-I-m-c-¯-n-s\-X-n-sc-b-p-Å sN-d-p-¯-p-\-nÂ-]-p-I-sf ssk-\-n-I-_-e-{]-tb-m-K-¯-n-e-q-sS t\-c-n-S-p-¶ b-k-o-Z-n-b³ c-o-X-n-sb l-p-ssk³ (d) X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-ª-p. k-z-tZ-i-a-m-b a-Z-o-\ h-n-«-v a-¡-b-n-te-¡-v I-p-S-p-w-_-k-ta-X-w ]-e-m-b-\-w sN-b-v-X-p. a-¡-m tZ-i-t¯-m-S-v-, A-h-n-S-s¯ C-k-v-e-m-a-n-I N-c-n-{X-a-l-m-ß-y-t¯-m-S-v h-n-e IÂ-]-n-¨-v b-k-o-Z-v A-{I-a-n-¡-n-sÃ-¶-v I-c-p-X-n-b-m-W-v C-u tZ-i-X-y-m-K-¯-n-\-v a-p-X-nÀ-¶-X-v. ]-t£ a-¡-b-p-w k-z-Ø ̀ -q-a-n-I-b-Ã-m-X-m-b-n. a-sä-m-c-p ]-p-d-s¸-«-p-t]-m-¡-n-\-v \-nÀ-_-Ô-n-X-\-m-b-n. C-¡-m-c-y-w A-d-n-ª I-q-^ \-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ l-p-ssk³-I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-\-v c-£ X-c-m-sa-¶-v A-d-n-b-n-¨-p. H-S-p-h-nÂ I-q-^-b-n-te-¡-v X-n-c-n-¨-p. ]-t£ b-k-o-Z-v C-sX-Ã-m-w c-m-{ã-o-b-a-m-b-n \-n-c-o-£-n-¨-p. A-«-n-a-d-n ̀ -c-W-¯-n-\-v B-sf-¡-q-«-p-I-b-m-sW-¶-v sX-än-[-c-n-¨-p. I-q-^-b-n-te-¡-v ]-p-d-s¸-« l-p-ssk-s\-b-p-w(d) 71 t]-sc-b-p-w b-k-o-Z-n-sâ ssk-\-y-w X-S-ª-p-sh-¨-p. a-p-¸-X-n-\-m-

Ncn{XwHistory


b-n-c-w A-w-K-_-e-a-p-Å ssk-\-n-I-ti-j-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p b-k-o-Z-n-tâ-X-v. {]-X-n-h-n-¹-h-N-n-´-tb-m A-«-n-a-d-n B-te-m-N-\-tb-m C-Ã-m-¯ \-n-k-z-mÀ-Y ]-Y-n-I-c-p-sS h-g-n ssk-\-y-w X-S-ª-p. X-n-c-n-¨-p t]-m-I-m³ IÂ-]-n-¨-p. A-S-n-Ø-m-\-m-h-i-y-§Ä t]-m-e-p-w X-g-b-s¸-«-p. IÀ-_-e-b-p-sS sN-a-¶ a-®-v h-e-n-sb-m-c-p N-c-n-{X k-w-`-h-¯-n-\-v k-m-£-n-b-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v.

X-sâ ̀ -c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-s¯ ]-n-´-p-W-¡-m³ l-p-ssk³-h-r-µ-w X-b-m-d-sÃ-¶-v a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-n-b b-k-o-Z-v C-h-sc h-[-n-¡-m³ D-¯-c-h-n-«-p. IÀ-_-e-b-nÂ l-p-ssk-\-p-w A-\-p-N-c-c-p-w(d) c-à-k-m-£-y-w h-c-n-¨-p. X-sâ t]-c-a-I³ sI-m-Ã-s¸-S-p-sa-¶-v X-n-c-p-\-_-n ]-d-ª-n-c-p-¶-p. A-X-v b-k-o-Z-n-e-q-sS ]-p-eÀ-¶-p. ]-n-¶-o-S-v l-p-ssk-sâ(d) I-p-S-p-w-_-s¯ b-k-o-Z-v th-«-b-m-S-n. k-tl-m-Z-c-n ssk-\-_-v(d) l-p-ssk-sâ(d) \-n-e-]-m-S-n-e-p-d-¨-p-\-n-¶-p. c-m-P-y-¯-c-t§-d-p-¶ \-o-N-h-r-¯-n-IÄ-s¡-X-n-sc B I-p-S-p-w-_-w i-Ð-n-¨-p. te-m-I-¯-n-\-v A-X-n-e-q-sS ]-p-X-n-b ]-mT-§Ä ]-IÀ-¶-p \Â-I-n.

l-n-P-v-d \-m-e-m-w hÀ-j-w i-Av-_-m-\-nÂ P-\-n-¨ l-p-ssk³(d) l-n-P-v-d 61 a-p-lÀ-d-¯-nÂ ]-c-te-m-I-w {]-m-]-n-¨-p. X-n-c-p-\-_-n-b-p-sS X-te-m-SÂ G-ä-p h-fÀ-¶v, X-n-c-p-a-p-¯-§Ä In«nb, A-lve-p-ss_-¯-v F-¶ ]-p-X-¸-nÂ k-zÀ-K-¯-nse b-p-h-m-¡-f-p-sS t\-X-r-]-Z-h-n I-n-«-n. C-kve-m-a-n-I N-c-n-{X-¯-nÂ D-bÀ-¶-p-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶ N-c-n-{X-k-v-X-w-`-a-m-b-n a-m-d-n l-p-ssk³ X§fpsS -P-o-h-n-X-w $

Ncn{XwHistory



iÐXm‑c§Ä

I-e-m-e-b-w F-¶ \-½-p-sS C-t¸-c-n-s\ I-p-d-n-¨-m-te-m-N-n-«-p-tï-m? I-e-I-f-p-sS B-e-b-w/ tI-{µ-w B-W-v I-e-m-e-b-w. i-Ð-X-m-c-m-h-e-n F-¶ t]-c-v H-mÀ-¡-p-¶-n-tÃ. a-e-b-m-f-w-þ a-e-b-m-f-w sF-U-n-bÂ \-n-L-ï-p-h-m-W-v {i-o-I¬-tT-i-z-c-sâ i-Ð-X-m-c-m-h-e-n. i-Ð-w, X-m-c-w, B-h-e-n F-¶-o ]-Z-§Ä tNÀ-¶-p-ï-m-b-X-m-W-X-v. i-Ð-w F-¶-mÂ ]-Z-w. X-m-c-w F-¶-mÂ \-£-{X-w. B-h-e-n F-¶-mÂ I-q-«-w. ]-Z-\-£-{X-§-f-p-sS I-q-«-w. F-{X a-t\-m-l-c-a-m-b t]-c-m-WX-v! F-s´-m-c-p `-m-h-\-b-m-W-n-X-n-sâ ]p-d-I-nÂ! ]-c-È-X-w \-£-{X-§-f-p-Å B-I-m-i-w t]-m-se ]-c-È-X-w ]-Z-§-f-p-Å B-I-m-i-a-m-W-v H-m-tc-m \-n-L-ï-p-h-p-w. sh-f-n-¨-a-m-W-v H-m-tc-m h-m-¡-p-w. X-m-c-w F-¶ i-Ð-¯-nÂ B k-q-N-\-b-p-ï-v.

t\-m-¡-q, H-c-p h-m-¡-p-w sh-d-p-sX-b-m-h-c-p-X-v. ]-e-h-p-c-p B-te-m-N-n-«-p-a-m-{X-w A-sX-S-p-¯-v {]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-I. {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-p-w kÀKc-N-\-I-f-nÂ. ]-Z-§-sf-{]-X-n B-te-m-N-n-¨-v \-n-§-f-p-sS c-N-\-IÄ X-s¶ H-¶-v h-m-b-n-¨-p-t\-m-¡-q. a-m-ä-w h-c-p-w. C-¯-h-W aq¶-p I-h-n-X-I-f-p-w H-c-p I-Y-b-p-a-m-W-v I-e-m-e-b-¯-nÂ.

{]-hm-kn F-gp-¯p-IÄ-¡p-Å Xp-d-¶ Xm-fp-I-fm-Wv I-em-e-bw. sN-dn-b kr-ãn-IÄ [email protected]

F-¶ C sa-bnÂ hn-em-k-¯nÂ A-b-¡p-I.


\m‑sf...?ku-ay A-XpÂ

Xq-en-I-bn-e-S-cp-¶ A-£-c-§Ä-¡v a-c-W-K-Ôw Im-ew Xn-anÀ-¯m-Sp-¶p t]-Sn-kz-]v-\-am-bvsIm-tdm-W-bpw t]-am-cn-bpw.

Zp-c-´w hn-X-bv-¡p-¶p Hm-tcm Zn-\-hpw\m-sf-sb-s´-¶ tNm-Zy-Nn-Ó-hpam-bn cm-{Xn ]-I-en-s\ tX-Sp-¶p.

Zp-c-´-§-fp-sS Ip-s¯m-gp-¡nÂ ]-X-dm-sX ssI-¯m-§m-Ipw _-Ô-§-fp-sS Du-jv-a-f-X-bnÂ Im-eamw I-S-en³ Xo-c-¯v, H-cp-]n-Sn kz-]v-\-§-fp-am-bn \m-sf-bp-sS ]p-Xp-In-c-Ww tX-Sp-¶p Hm-tcm a-\-hpw.

\-·-IÄ ]m-sS a-d-¶p \mw Xn-·-IÄ hm-cn hn-X-dnC-¶-e-s¯ A-\p-`-h-§Ä C-¶n-s\ kv-t\-ln-¡m-\m-bn

Im-ew X-¶ ]mT-§Ä `-b-am-sW-\n-¡v I-®-S-¨p Xp-d-¡pwt\-cw s]m-en-bp-¶-sX-{X Po-h-sâ Xp-Sn-¸p-IÄ I-en-b-S-§m-¯ Im-ew hn-X-bv-¡p-¶p I-\n-hn-sâ I-®p-\oÀXp-Ån-IÄ


X-d-hm-«p ]p-c-bn-sesX-t¡ Nm-bv-]n-seap-dn-bnÂ H-ä-¡n-cn-¡-thIq-«p In-S-¡m³ In-«n-b-XvA-£-c-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p.

Nn-X-e-cn-¨v,X-«n³-]p-d-¯v In-S-¶ A-£-c-§-tfm-tcm-¶pws]m-Sn X-«n an-\p-¡n-b-Sp-¯p]n-¶o-Sv ]-e cm-{Xn-bpwD-d-¡w a-d-¶v A-h-s¡m-¸w t\-cw ]-¦n-«p.

"Izm‑d‑ssâ³ Zn‑\‑§Ä'd-km-Jv sN-¯v-e-¯v

ssI-h-¶ \n-an-j-§Ä \-·-bp-sS Xn-cn-Zo-]w sX-fn-bn-¨p bm-{X Xp-S-cmw \-sÃm-cp \m-tf-¡m-bn...

Ct¶m, Icnbpw ]pIbpanÃm¯\ndsh«¯mWv \½Ä, FhnsSbpw an¶n¯nf§p¶XvAIw se¦m¯Ae¦mc§Ä am{Xw.


_-jo-dpwap-«-¯phÀ-¡n-bpws]m-bv-¯pwI-S-hpwA-§-s\ ]-e-cpw...A-¡q-«-¯n-ep-ïm-bn-cp-¶p.k-µÀ-i-IÀ-¡v {]-th-i-\-an-Ã-¦n-epwau-\w X-fw sI-«n-b ap-dn-¡p-ÅnÂ]-e-cpw I-Ym-]m-{X-§-fm-bnh-¶p sIm-tï-bn-cp-¶p.

D-¨-bq-Wpw A-¯m-g-hp-sa-Ãmwap-S-§m-sXhm-Xn-en-\-cn-InÂ Im-¯n-cn-¡pwC-S-th-f-I-fnÂ,BÀ-¯-e-¨v s]-¿p-¶C-Sn-sh-«v a-g-sb t]-Sn-¨v Iq-S-W-bp-¶]-d-h-I-sf-bpw t\m-¡nau-\n-bm-bn \nÂ-¡pwA-t¶-cw a-\-kp ]-d-bpwF-{X s]-«-¶m-WvC-¶-se-IÄ C-¶pwC-¶v \m-sf-bp-am-Ip-¶-sX-¶v.

F-Ãmw a-d-¶v,Np-h-cnÂ Xq-§n-b t¢m-¡n-s\ t\m-¡n]p-Xn-sbm-cp ]p-e-cn-sb {]-Xo-£n-¨v]-Xn-sb a-b-¡-¯n-te-¡v Nm-bpw.


"D-½-¨-n... c-m-{X-n ]-m-S-¯-v s\-d-¨-p-w a-n-¶-m-a-n-¶-n h-c-p-w t]-m-e-p-w... C-\-v-I-v I-m-W-m³ t]-m-W-w. ¹-o-k-v C-t¶ sI-m-tï-m-th-m?'

"C-s¿-´-m a-n-¶-m-a-n-\-p-§-n-s\ I-ï-n-«-n-tÃ?'"I-ï-I-v, C-\-v-I-v sI-m-td I-m-W-W-w.. sI-m-td

F-®-w H-¸-c-w ]-d-¡-W-X-v. D-½-¨-n-tb s¶ H-¶-v sI-m-tï-m-th-m?'

"c-m-{X-n ]-m-S-s¯-m-¶-p-w t]-m-h-m³ I-¿-q-e. a-p-ï-m-ï-v D-d-§-n-t¡-m sh-¡-w.'

c-m-{X-n-b-p-sS C-c-p-«-nÂ I-n-\-m-h-n-sâ ]-p-X-¸-v ]-p-X-¨-p-d-§-p-t¼-mÄ ssk-\-p-h-n-sâ a-\-k-v \-n-d-sb c-m-{X-n-b-nÂ I-q-«-a-m-b-n ]-d-¡-p-¶ a-n-¶-m-a-n-\-p-§-p-I-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. I-®-p-\-oÀ \-n-d-ª a-n-g-n-IÄ C-d-p-¡-n-b-S-¨-p-sI-m-ï-v A-hÄ sa-sÃ ]-c-n-`-h-w ]-d-ª-p: "]-S-t¨-m-t\... C-\-v-I-v a-n-¶-m-a-n-¶-n-s\ I-m-W-W-w. sI-m-td a-n-¶-m-a-n-¶-n.. tX-m-s\.'

X-s¶ B-h-c-W-w sN-b-v-X D-½-b-p-sS ssI-IÄ ssk-\-p ta-mÄ sa-sÃ a-m-ä-n-h-¨-p. i-Ð-a-p-ï-m-¡-m-sX a-p-d-n-b-p-sS h-m-X-nÂ X-p-d-¶-v ]-p-d-¯-p I-S-¶-p. D-d-§-n-I-n-S-¡-p-¶ D-½-sb t\-m-¡-n H-c-p I-Å-¨-n-c-n N-n-c-n-¨-p sI-m-ï-v A-hÄ B I-X-I-v sa-sÃ N-m-c-n sh-¨-p. A-S-p-¡-f-h-m-X-n-e-n-se tK-m-Z-v- -td-P-v ]-q-«-nsâ Nmhn

In‑\m‑hv ]‑d‑ª I‑Åw l-\ _n³-kn

(aÀ-I-kv bp-\m-\n sa-Un-¡Â tIm-f-Pv)


\-n-e-¯-p-h-n-c-n-¨ N-m-¡-n-sâ X-m-sg \-n-¶-p I-sï-¯-n. N-n-c-h-b-nÂ N-h-n-«-n sa-sÃ ]-q-«-p X-p-d-¶-p. h-Ã-m-s¯-m-c-p k-t´-m-j-w ssk-\-p-h-n-\-v A-\-p-`-h-s¸-«-p. A-hÄ sa-sÃ H-¶-v N-n-c-n-¨-p.

sN-c-n-¸-n-S-m-¯ I-m-e-p-IÄ sa-sÃ h-b-e-p e-£-y-a-m-¡-n a-n-¶-m-a-n-\-p-§-p-I-sf I-m-W-m³ H-m-S-n-¯-p-S-§-n. I-m-e-n-se sh-Å-n sI-m-e-p-k-n-sâ sI-m-©Â N-o-h-o-S-p-I-f-p-sS I-t¨-c-n-¡-v a-m-ä-p I-q«-n. I-p-ª-n-¡-m-e-p-I-f-p-sS N-p-h-S-p-I-f-p-sS F-®-h-p-w th-K-X-b-p-w I-q-S-n X-p-S-§-n. h-b-e-n-e-q-sS a-n-¶-m-a-n-\-p-§-p-I-f-p-sS ]-m-«-p ]-m-S-n A-hÄ \-S-¶-p. sa-sÃ X-te-m-S-n-b s\Â-I-X-n-c-p-I-f-p-sS C-S-b-nÂ \-n-s¶-Ã-m-w sN-d-n-b X-o t]-m-c-n-IÄ t]-m-se a-n-¶-m-a-n-\-p-§-p-IÄ ]-p-d-t¯-¡-v h-c-m³ X-p-S-§-n. "l-m-b-v.. F-´-v c-k-m...'

a-n-¶-m-a-n-\-p-§-p-I-sf I-ï-v a-X-n a-d-¶-v ssk-\-p A-h-tc-m-S-v I-n-¶-m-c-w ]-d-ª-n-c-p-¶-p.

"C-¿-m ]-m-¯-q-sâ s]-®-v ssk-\-p A-tÃ?'i-Ð-w tI-«-v H-c-p sR-«-te-m-sS ssk-\-p X-n-c-n-

ª-p-t\-m-¡-n. \-n-e-m-h-n-sâ A-cï sh-f-n-¨-¯-nÂ ssI-b-n-se-m-c-p a-Z-y-I-p-¸-n-b-p-ta-´-n \-nÂ-¡-p-¶ sX-§-p-I-b-ä-¡-m-c³ th-e-m-b-p-t[-«-s\ ssk-\-p-h-n-\-v a-\-k-n-e-m-b-n. "th-e-m-b-p-t[-«-m.. ssk-\-p a-n-¶-m-a-n-¶-n-s\ I-m-W-m³ h-¶-X-m-W-v. h-¶-p t\-m-¡-n-tb. sI-m-td F-®-ï-v. \-Ã sN-mÀ-¡-v.'

"tM A-Ã-m A-sâ D-½-h-v--sS.' "D-½-mâ-q-«-v R-m³ ]-d-ª-o-Ã. R-m³ H-ä-¡-m.'

"tM.. F-¶-m-e-v ta-m-sf th-e-m-b-p-t[-«³ s]-m-c-s¡-¯-n-¡-m-«.'

"B..'


"A-X-n-\-v a-p-t¶ ta-mÄ-¡-v th-e-m-b-p-t[-«³ H-c-p I-f-n I-f-n-¸-n-¡-m-w.'

"F-´-v I-f-n-b-m?'"\-a-p -¡-v a-n -¶-m-a-n -¶-o-s\ ]-n-S-n -¡-m-w. B-c-m

G-tä-m-w I-q-S-p-XÂ ]-n-S-n-¡-sW t\-m-¡-m-w.'"A-s¸-m a-n-¶-m-a-n-¶-n-¡-v th-Z-\-m-h-q-te.'"th-Z-\-b-m-¡-m-sX th-e-m-b-p-t[-«³ ]-n-S-n-¨-p

X-c-m-te-m. ta-m-f-n-§-p h-t¶.'th-Z-\-b-m-¡-m-sX ]-n-S-n-¡-m-sa-t¶-ä a-n-¶-m-a-n-¶-n-

IÄ-¡-p t]-m-e-p-w A-¶-v th-Z-\-b-m-b-n... A-h-c-p t]-m-e-p-w I-p-ª-p ssk-\-p-h-n-sâ A-S-¡-n-¸-n-S-n-¨ A-eÀ-¨-b-p-sS a-p-¶-nÂ \-n-k-l-m-b-c-m-b-n \-n-¶-p. A-h-c-p-sS {]-I-m-i-w ]-c-s¡ ]-c-¯-n sI-m-ï-v B-sc-¦-n-e-p-w H-¶-v F-¯-n t\-m-¡-n-b-n-c-p-s¶-¦-nÂ F-¶-v H-c-p-]-m-S-m-{K-l-n-¨-p a-n-¶-m-a-n-¶-p-IÄ B h-b-e-p h-n-«-v F-t§-m Z-q-tc-¡-p t]-m-b-n.

H-ä A-eÀ-¨-b-nÂ sR-«-n D-WÀ-¶-t¸-mÄ a-m-{X-a-m-W-v ̂ -m-X-n-a-¡-v A-X-v sh-d-p-sa-m-c-p Z-p-k-z-]-v-\-a-m-sW-¶-v t_-m-[-y-s¸-«-X-v. ssk-\-p-h-n-s\ h-n-f-n-¡-m³ X-n-c-n-ª-p t\-m-¡-n-b-t¸-mÄ ssk-\-p I-n-S-¡-¸-m-b-b-nÂ D-ï-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. i-p-N-n-a-p-d-n-b-nÂ t]-m-b-X-m-h-p-sa-¶-v sh-¨-v ]-m-¯-p ssk-\-q F-¶-v \-o-«-n h-n-f-n-¨-p-sh-¦-n-e-p-w a-d-p-h-i-¯-p \-n-¶-v a-d-p-]-S-n-sb-m-¶-p-w h-¶-n-Ã. A-tÃ-e-p-w a-{Z-k-b-n-se D-k-v-X-m-Z-v i-p-N-n-a-p-d-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v k-w-k-m-c-n-¡-c-p-X-v F-¶-v ]T-n-¸-n-¨-X-n-\-v ti-j-w ssk-\-p A-X-v sN-¿-m-d-n-Ã. ssk-\-p-h-n-\-v N-m-b X-n-f-¸-n-¡-m-\-m-b-n ̂ -m-X-n-a A-S-p-¡-f-b-n-te-t¡-m-S-n. C-¶-se ]-q-«-n-b-n-« ]-q-«-v X-p-d-¶-v B-tc-m A-S-p-¡-f h-m-X-nÂ ]-m-X-n X-p-d-¶-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. D-Å-n-se-m-c-p \-S-p-


¡-t¯-m-sS ̂ -m-X-n-a h-b-e-p-w e-£-y-a-m-¡-n a-p-ä-t¯-¡-n-d-§-n-tb-m-S-n.

sh-Å ]-p-X-¨-p I-®-p-I-f-S-¨-v D-d-§-p-I-b-m-W-v ssk-\-p. C-\-n H-c-n-¡-e-p-w ssk-\-p D-½-m-sâ I-®-p sh-«-n-¨-v D-½ I-m-W-m-sX c-m-{X-n-b-nÂ A-S-p-¡-f h-g-n C-d-§-n-t]-m-I-n-Ã. h-b-e-nÂ I-q-«-t¯-m-sS ]-d-¡-p-¶ a-n-¶-m-a-n-¶-p-I-sf I-m-W-m³ ssk-\-p C-\-n t]-m-I-n-Ã. ssk-\-p-h-n-sâ I-n-\-m-h-n-se-¶-p-w C-\-n a-n-¶-m-a-n-¶-p-IÄ h-c-p-w.

C-S-s¡-m-s¡ I-n-\-m-h-p-I-f-p-w I-Å-w ]-d-b-m-d-p-ï-v.

tamÀ¨dnbnÂ \n¶v A½bv‑¡vA\ojv lmdq¬ d-joZv

A½m..A½sbbmsW\nt¡sdbnãwRm³ ssI¡pªmbncn¶t¸mÄF³ IhnfnÂ D½sh¡p¶½sb Rm\n¶v tamÀ¨dnbnÂ sh¨v kz]v\w Iïp.

A½nª¸mÂ \pIcphm³ t\cw


A½sb¶pw X«n¯temSpamapXpInemWt½Abmfn¶sesbs¶Nhn«nbXv.

F¦nepw A½nª¸men³HmÀaIsfâ thZ\IfIäp¶pïv.

A½apJ¯v Fsâ IpªnfwImepIÄD½sh¨ncp¶tÃmB ImepIfn¶v \nÝeambncn¡p¶p.

\msfsbs¶ t]mÌptamÀ«¯n\v sImïpt]mIp¶pA½¡v t\mhmXncn¡m³Fsâ kncIfntemSp¶ A½aWapÅ càaqänbnhnsS sh¨nSmw,A½bpsS HmÀaIfnÂ \n¶pw Ft¶mÀaIsf Xncns¨Sp¯nSmwA{XtaÂ A½tbsb\nt¡sdbnãw.


A-dn-h-\p-`-h-§-fp-sS ssI-am-äw km-[y-am-¡p-I-bpw kmw-kv-Im-cn-I hy-àn-Xz- -cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n-sâ {]m-tbm-Kn-I ]mT-§Ä ]-IÀ-¶p \Â-Ip-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶-Xn-\v- -kw-L-S-\-bp-sS A-Sn-Øm-\ L-S-I-am-b- -bq-\n-äp-I-fnÂ- -\-S-¡p-¶ {]-Xn-am-k kw-K-a-§-fm-Wv D-kv-Xzp-hm-\-IÄ. hn-izm-kw, IÀ-aw, io-ew, kz-`m-hw Xp-S-§n ssh-b-àn-I A-dn-hp-Zm-l-§-sf ap-J-hn-e-s¡-Sp-¯pw km-aq-ln-I-þ-kw-L-S-\m- -aq-ey-§-fpw- -am-\-kn-I- -kw-kv-I-c-tW-m-]-m-b-§-fpw ]-cn-K-Wn-¨pw X-bm-dm-¡n-b ]-mTy-]-²-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-¨v ap-t¶m-«v t]m-Ip-¶- -D-kv-Xzp-hm-\ kw-K-a-§Ä- -C-Xn-\-Iw A-©p L-«w- -]-n-¶n-«p. kp-in-£n-X-cm-b ]-Xn-\-¿m-bn-cw {]-hÀ-¯-I-cpw B-bn-cw ]-cn-io-e-I-cpw F-¶-Xm-Wv ]-²-Xn-bp-sS e-£yw. - -

akv-Pn-Zp-¶-_-hn-bnse N-c-n-{X-¯-nÂ C-S-w t\-S-n-b X-q-W-p-I-f-m-W-v D-kvXz-p-h-m-\-IÄ. A-h-b-p-sS

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D-kvXz-p-h-m-\-IÄ


\-nÀ-a-m-W N-m-c-p-X-tb-m _-e-ta-m- -F-®-ta-m- B-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã C-u {]-m-[-m-\-y-¯-n-\-p I-m-c-W-w. H-m-tc-m k-v-X-w-`-§Ä-¡-v N-p-ä-p-w h-fÀ-¶-p h-¶ h-n-Ú-m-\-I-q-«-§-f-p-sS k-w-`-m-h-\-I-f-p-w c-o-X-n-I-f-p-w sI-m-ï-m-W-v D-kvXzph-m-\-IÄ h-n-J-y-m-X-a-m-b-X-v. C-u B-i-b-s¯ a-p³-\-nÀ-¯-n-b-m-W-v BÀ F-k-v k-n-b-p-sS k-a-{K- -]-c-n-i-o-e-\ b-X-v-\-¯-n-\-v- -D-kvX-zp-h-m-\ F-¶ t]-c-v \Â-I-p-¶-X-v. H-m-tc-m X-q-W-p-IÄ-¡-p-w- -h-y-X-y-k-v-X N-c-n-{X ]-Ý-m-¯-e-§-f-p-ï-v. AÂ D-k-v-Xz-p-h-m-\-X-pÂ a-p-A-Ã-J, AÂ- D-k-v-Xz-p-h-m-\-X-pÂ B-b-n-i F-¶-n-h-sb-Ã-m-w {]-k-n-²-a-m-W-v. H-m-tc-m- -X-q-W-p-If-p-w h-n-Ú-m-\ k-v-X-w-`-§-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. a-Z-o-\ ]-Å-n-b-nÂ C-¶-p-w C-h {]-tX-y-I-w A-S-b-m-f-a-n-«-v- -k-w-c-£-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-X-p-w C-h-n-sS tNÀ-¯-v h-m-b-n-¡-m-w.

C-¯-c-w N-c-n-{X k-v-a-c-W-I-f-nÂ h-n-Ú-m-\ {]-k-c-W-¯-n-sâ ]-m-c-¼-c-y-w k-q-£-n-¡-m-\-p-Å ]-c-n-{i-a-w I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v k-w-L-S-\-b-p-sS s{S-b-n-\-n-M-v h-n-`-m-K-¯-n-\-v I-o-g-nÂ B-k-q-{X-W-w sN-b-v-X D-kvX-zp-h-m-\-IÄ. -A-d-_-n I-e-ïÀ {]-I-m-c-w H-m-tc-m a-m-k-h-p-w- -I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n k-w-h-n-[-m-\-n-¨-n-«-p-Å DkvXz-p-h-m-\ k-w-K-a-§Ä- -C-u-a-m³, C-k-v-e-m-w, C-l-v-k-m³ X-p-S-§-n-b- -C-k-v-e-m-a-n-I- -A-S-n-Ø-m-\ i-n-e-I-f-n-e-q-sS-b-m-W-v h-n-I-k-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. H-¸-w- -A-X-m-X-v a-m-k-s¯- -C-k-v-e-m-a-n-I N-c-n-{X Z-n-\-§Ä, k-w-`-h-§Ä, -a-l-Z-v- -h-y-à-n-X-z- -k-v-a-c-W-IÄ F-¶-n-h-b-p-w A-w-K-§Ä-¡-p-w- -I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä-¡-p-a-p-Å {]-tX-y-I {]-mÀ-Y-\-I-f-p-w DÄ-sI-m-Å-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. I-q-S-m-sX B-tc-m-K-y I-m-b-n-I h-n-`-m-K-a-m-b- -^-n-ä-v-\-k-v- -k-a-n-X-n \Â-I-p-¶- -P-o-h-n-X ssi-e-n-b-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-« S-n-]-v-

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k-p-IÄ "^-n-ä-v-\-k-v tS¬' F-¶ t]-c-n-e-p-w ]-IÀ-¶-p \Â-I-p-¶-p. -{]-m-tb-m-K-n-I h-n-h-c h-n-\-n-a-b-t¯-m-sS-m-¸-w B-tc-m-K-y k-w-c-£-W-h-p-w- -B-ß-o-b A-`-b-h-p-w- -I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v DkvXz-p-h-m-\-IÄ.

D-kvXz-p-h-m-\-I-f-n-se ]-c-n-i-o-e-I-sc- -a-p-A-±-n-_-v F-¶-m-W-v- -h-n-f-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. H-c-p hÀ-j-w \-o-ï-p \-nÂ-¡-p-¶ ]-²-X-n-b-n-se, -D-Z-m-¯-a-m-b k-m-w-k-v-I-m-c-n-I ]-c-n-i-o-e-\-¯-n-\-v t\-X-r-X-z-w \Â-I-p-¶-hÀ- -F-¶ \-n-e-b-nÂ H-m-tc-m a-p-A-±-n-_-p-I-f-p-w A-X-m-X-v b-q-W-n-ä-p-I-f-p-sS- -k-¼-qÀ-W a-mÀ-K-ZÀ-i-n-I-f-p-w h-g-n-I-m-«-n-I-f-p-a-m-I-p-w.

{]-X-n-a-m-k-w h-y-X-y-k-v-X t]-c-p-I-f-nÂ k-w-L-S-n-¸-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶ D-kvXz-p-h-m-\-I-f-nÂ k-w-L-S-\-b-p-sS- -H-m¬-sse³ t]-mÀ-«Â h-g-n-b-m-W-v l-m-PÀ tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-v. D-Å-S-¡-§Ä- -H-c-p a-W-n-¡-q-d-nÂ {I-a-o-I-c-n-¨-p-w- - -C-S-¡-m-e k-w-b-p-à k-w-K-a-§Ä-¡-v \-nÀ-tZ-i-w \Â-I-n-b-p-w ]-s¦-S-p-¡-p-¶-h-c-p-sS {K-m-l-y-þ-B-k-z-m-Z-\ h-i-§-sf-¡-q-S-n D-kvXz-p-h-m-\ ]-c-n-K-W-n-¡-p-¶-p. - -C-§-s\ sk³-{SÂ X-e-§-f-nÂ hÀ-j-¯-nÂ c-ï-v X-h-W-sb-¦-n-e-p-w H-c-p-a-n-¨-v I-q-S-p-¶ ]T-n-X-m-¡-f-p-sS- k-w-K-a-w "a-pÂ-X-k-w' F-¶ t]-c-n-e-m-W-v A-d-n-b-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v. -B-Z-y "a-pÂ-X-k-w' k-w-K-a-§Ä C-u a-m-k-w L-S-I-§-f-nÂ \-S-¡-p-w. D-kvXz-p-h-m-\ ]-²-X-n-b-p-sS ̂ -e-{]-m-]-v-X-n- -D-d-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w I-m-c-y-£-a-X-b-p-w K-u-c-h-h-p-w DÄ-s¡-m-ï-v k-a-o-]-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w H-c-p hÀ-j-s¯ ]-c-n-i-o-e-\-¯-n-\-v ti-j-w- -]-c-o-£-b-p-w- -\-S-¯-p-¶-p-ï-v. h-n-P-b-I-c-a-m-b-n A-h ]-qÀ-¯-n-b-m-¡-p-¶-hÀ-¡-v A-w-K-o-I-m-c-a-m-b-n- -kÀ-«-n-^-n-¡-ä-p-w k-½-m-\-n-¡-p-w $

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LettersFgp‑¯pIÄ

{]hm-kn cnkm-e D-Å-S-¡-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-Å A-`n-{]m-b-§ÄF-gpXpI

[email protected] +919562383222

C‑hÀ c‑m‑P‑m‑¡Ä

a-\-p-j-y³ P-o-h-n-X-¯-nÂ ]-e-L-«-§-f-n-e-q-sS-b-m-W-v I-S-¶-p-t]-m-I-p-¶-X-v. C-X-n-s\-Ã-m-a-¸-p-d-¯-m-W-v {]-h-m-k-sa-¶ te-m-I-h-p-w {]-X-n-`-m-k-h-p-w. {]-h-m-k-n-IÄ \-m-S-n-sâ \-s«-Ã-m-I-p-¶-X-v ]-e-X-p-w X-y-P-n-¨-v sI-m-ï-m-W-v. a-ä-p-Å-hÀ-¡-v t\-S-n-s¡-m-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ N-n-e tN-m-Z-y-§Ä-¡-v D-¯-c-w ]-d-ª-p-w ]-e-X-n-\-p-w a-u-\-a-h-e-w-_-n-¨-p-w P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ. H-c-m-b-p-k-v a-p-g-p-h-\-p-w A-X-n-P-o-h-\ {]-X-o-£-b-nÂ {]-h-m-k-w A-\-p-`-h-n-¨-h-c-p-ï-v. F-Ã-m-w a-d-¶-v H-¶-m-I-p-¶ h-n-I-m-c-a-m-W-v {]-h-m-k-w. H-¶-p-w t\-S-m-X-n-c-n-¶-n-«-p-w ]-e e-£-y-§-f-nÂ P-o-h-n-X-w tl-m-a-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-h-c-p-sS k-z-]-v-\ k-m-{a-m-P-y-w h-e-p-X-m-W-v. A-h-n-sS-b-m-W-v a-\-p-j-y-sc H-¶-m-b-n I-m-W-m-\-p-Å A-h-Ø ]-q-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-u a-l-m-a-m-c-n-¡-m-e-¯-p-w A-X-v I-ï-p. A-h-c-p-sS a-\-k-p-d-¸-n-t·Â A-X-n-P-b-n-¨ I-Y-IÄ \-m-w h-m-b-n-¨-p. H-c-p P-\-X-¡-v B-i-z-m-k-w ]-IÀ-¶-v Z-p-c-n-X-a-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-p-sS a-\-k-v B-th-i-t¯-m-sS ]-p-WÀ-¶ A-h-c-m-W-v C-u te-m-I-s¯ c-m-P-m-¡-·-mÀ, P-o-h-n-X-¯-nÂ H-¶-p-w {]-X-o-£-n-¡-m-sX H-¶-p-w k-¼-m-Z-n-¡-m-sX {]-h-m-k-¯-nÂ ]-e-c-p-sS-b-p-w P-o-h-n-X-w P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ.

l-_-o-_-v s]-g-p-w-´-d, _-l-v--ssd³


Fgp‑¯pIÄLetters

B‑izm‑k‑s¯ Ip‑dn‑¨p X‑s¶!

a-\-kp \n-d-ªp-Å H-cp-hm-¡v, t\m-«w, Bw-Kyw, Xp-S-§n ZoÀ-L \n-izm-k-§Ä t]m-epw {]mÀ-Y-\-I-fm-sW-¶ A-Iw t_m-[-¯n-te-¡v hm-b-\-¡m-sc F-¯n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv B-K-Ìv e-¡w {]-hm-kn cn-km-e.

tIm-hn-Uv-Im-e-s¯ {]-hm-kn D-Zy-a-§Ä a-l-¯-c-am-bn-cp-¶p. H-¸w B-f-dn-bm-\pw B-fm-hm-\p-ap-Å km-´z-\ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fp-sS s]m-Å-¯-c-§-sf-bpw A-\m-h-c-Ww sN-¿p-¶p. a-\p-jy-sâ \n-km-c-X-bpw A-]-c-Xz-t_m-[-¯n-sâ {]m-[m-\y-hpw Xn-cp h-N-\-§-fp-sS sh-fn-¨-¯nÂ \-¶m-bn ]-d-ªp. tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv hn-am-\ Zp-c-´ ap-J-¯v B-fpw ]m-fpw t\m-¡m-sX kz-´-s¯-t]m-epw a-d-¶p k-¶-² {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fn-teÀ-s¸-« \-Ã \m-«p-Im-sc-bpw A-bÂ-¡m-sc-bpw D-tZym-K-Ø-sc-bpw A-`n-\-µn-¡m-sX h-¿.

A-`-b-¯nÂ B-izm-k-hpw B-\-µ-hpw \n-e-\n-dp-¯m³ X-¡ k-a-b-¯p-Å C-¯-cw C-S-s]-S-ep-IÄ C-\n-bp-ap-ïm-I-s«. \-Ã hm-b-\m-\p-`-h-hpw DuÀ-P-hpw ]-IÀ-¶ k-¿n-Zv lp-ssk³ hm-Sm-\-¸-Ån, A-Ðp-Ã h-S-I-c, ap-l-½-Z-en In-\m-eqÀ F-¶n-hÀ-¡pw {]-hm-kn cn-km-e-bv-¡pw A-`n-\-µ-\-§Ä.

ap-kv-X-^ ap-¡q-Sv


Fgp‑¯pIÄLetters

k‑z‑b‑w a‑m‑X‑r‑I X‑oÀ‑¡‑m‑w

sa-m-ss_-e-p-w CâÀ-s\-ä-p-w P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-sâ A-h-n-`-m-P-y-L-S-I-a-m-b-n a-m-d-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-p k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-n-e-m-W-v \-m-a-n-t¸-m-g-p-Å-X-v. sI-m-td-m-W-¡-m-e-¯-v ]-p-d-¯-n-d-§-m-\-m-I-m-sX ]-q-«-s¸-« k-a-b-§-f-nÂ B-i-b h-n-\-n-a-b-§Ä-¡-p-w ]T-\-§Ä-¡-p-w A-X-v \-s½ ]-c-y-m-]-v-X-c-m-¡-n. F-¦-n-e-p-w C-¯-c-w k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-p-sS A-\-n-b-{´-n-X D-]-tb-m-K-w D-f-h-m-¡-p-¶ Z-q-c-h-y-m-]-I-a-m-b {]-X-y-m-L-m-X-§Ä h-e-p-X-m-W-v. H-c-p t\-c-t¼-m-¡-n-\-p th-ï-n B-c-w-`-n-¡-p-¶ H-m¬-sse³ ssK-a-p-IÄ ]-n-¶-o-S- v b-p-h-m-¡-sf {]-tX-y-I-n-¨-v h-n-Z-y-mÀ-Y-n-I-sf sa-m-ss_Â a-m-\-n-b-b-nÂ N-m-S-n-¡-p-¶-p. a-m-{X-a-Ã, A-{I-a k-z-`-m-h-a-p-Å C-u sK-b-n-a-p-I-f-[-n-I-h-p-w I-f-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-p-sS D-]-t_-m-[ a-\-k-n-s\ k-z-m-[-o-\-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w, B-{I-a-W a-t\-m-`-m-h-h-p-w ]-c-k-v-]-c h-n-i-z-m-k-a-n-Ã-m-b-v-a-b-p-w X-p-S-§-n A-t\-I-w s]-c-p-a-m-ä Z-q-j-y-§Ä-¡-v I-m-c-W-a-m-h-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p. C-h-b-p-sS ]-c-n-l-m-c-a-m-W-v B-K-Ì-v e-¡-w {]-h-m-k-n c-n-k-m-e-b-n-se "shÀ-N-zÂ {`-m-´-v k-p-J-s¸-S-p-¯-m-w' F-¶ j-a-oÀ.]-n.S-n.b-p-sS te-J-\-w \-nÀ-tZ-i-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. h-o-«-nÂ \-n-¶-v X-s¶ X-p-S-§-W-sa-¶-m-W-v A-X-nÂ {]-[-m-\-w. shÀ-N-zÂ te-m-I-¯-n-\-¸-p-d-w b-Y-mÀ-Y te-m-I-a-m-W-v te-m-I-sa-¶-v I-p-«-n-I-sf t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-nÂ a-m-X-m-]-n-X-m-¡Ä-¡-p-w A-[-y-m-]-IÀ-¡-p-w h-e-n-b ]-¦-p-ï-v.

A-Ð-pÂ d-j-o-Z-vta-m-§-w


H‑mÀ‑a‑I‑sf sX‑m‑«‑p‑WÀ‑¯‑ns\‑m‑Ì‑mÄ‑P‑n‑b

i-n-i-n-c-¯-nÂ ]-q-¯ B-i-z-m-k-¯-n-sâ s]-c-p-w-\-m-f-p-I-sf H-mÀ-a-I-f-p-sS ]-¯-m-b-§-f-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w h-m-c-n h-n-X-d-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p B-K-Ì-v e-¡-w s\-m-Ì-mÄ-P-n-b. D-Å-X-p sI-m-ï-v X-r-]-v-X-n-s¸-«-p-w ]-¦-p-sh-¨-p-w P-o-h-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ I-m-e-s¯ ]-¨-a-\-p-j-y-c-p-sS th-h-p-w t\-m-h-p-w k-p-J Z-p-x-J-§-f-p-w e-f-n-X-a-m-b-n h-c-¨-n-«-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v te-J-I³. "{K-m-a-§-f-n-e-m-W-v C-´-y-b-p-sS B-ß-m-h-p-Å-X-v F-¶ a-l-m-ß-P-n-b-p-sS h-m-¡-p-IÄ-¡-n-h-n-sS \-q-d-g-I-v. te-J-I-sâ H-m-tc-m h-n-h-c-W-h-p-w sN-d-p-¸-I-m-e-t¯-¡-v D-u-f-n-b-n-S-m³ a-\-k-n-s\ sh-¼Â sI-m-Å-n-¡-p-¶-p. \-m-«-n³ ]-p-d-s¯ \-m-S³ N-n-{X-§Ä-¡-v ]-I-c-w \Â-I-s¸-« N-n-{X-§Ä h-n-N-n-{X-a-m-b-n tX-m-¶-n.t]-m-b X-e-a-p-d-b-p-sS I-ã-¸-m-S-n-sâ-b-p-w ]-¦-p-sh-¸-p-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w ^-e-a-m-W-v \-m-w C-¶-v A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶ k-p-J-w F-t¶-mÀ-¸-n-¨ {]-h-m-k-n c-n-k-m-e-b-v-¡-p-w a-p-k-v-X-^ a-p-¡-q-S-n-\-p-w A-`-n-\-µ-\-§Ä.

F³ ]-n l-_-o-_-v d-l-v--a-m³X-p-d-¡Â, sI-m-tï-m-«-n


Pravasi Risala Monthly, Students’ CentreCalicut-4 RNI No : KERMAL/2010/32004

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