LAP KE HOACH VA TIEN O

o Th Xuan Lan

Thang 3 - 2005

Chuyen e: Quan ly d an Xay dng

Project Planning & Scheduling

LAP KE HOACH VA TIEN O

1. Gii thieu 2. Hoach nh d an

3. Lap tien o d an: Nguyen tac chung

Cac loai tien o: tien o ngang, tien o ma tran, tien o mang

3. C cau phan chia cong viec (WBS) nh ngha

Lap s o mang t c cau phan chia cong viec He thong ma hoa

THEO DONG THI S

Co d an nh tuyen ng Ha ong Ba La (Ha Tay) khi ong suot t thi botrng (bo GTVT) ong S Nguyen (trai qua bon i bo trng) en nay van cha xong Cho nay cung la lang ph, that thoat (Phat bieu cua th trng bo GTVT Ngo Thnh tai hoi ngh GTVT hom 05.01.2005 Bao TT, 06.01.2005)

Sang nay toi va nhan c bc th cua ngi dan keu ca viec cac cong trnh xay dng cua thanh pho rat bet bat cha khac phuc c tnh trang cham tien o, yeu kem ve chat lng Nhng tai sao khong khac phuc c (Pho chu tch UBND TP.HCM Nguyen Van ua at van e tai hoi ngh chan chnh va tang cng chat lng ho s khao sat, thiet ke va d toan cac cong trnh xay dng tren a ban thanh pho hom 08.04.2004 Bao TT, 08.04.2004)

Theo bo Xay dng, co rat nhieu nguyen nhan dan en viec cham tre cac d an xi mang, trong o nguyen nhan chnh la do viec boi thng at ai, quan ly d an kem (Tat ca 10 d an xi mang eu cham tien o, www.ashui.com, ngay 11.11.2004)

GII THIEULi ch cua viec lap ke hoach va tien o (1)

D an hoan thanh ung han Cac cong viec khong b gian oan / cham tre Giam thieu cac cong viec phai lam lai Han che nham lan va sai lam Tang mc o hieu biet cua moi ngi ve tnh

trang cua d an Bao cao tien trnh d an co y ngha va ung han Co the ieu khien d an thay v b d an ieu

khien

GII THIEULi ch cua viec lap ke hoach va tien o (2)

Co the ieu khien d an thay v b d an ieu khien

Biet c thi gian thc hien cac phan viec chnh cua d an

Biet c cach thc phan phoi chi ph cua d an Xac nh ro trach nhiem va quyen li cua moi

ngi Biet ro ai lam? lam g? khi nao? va chi ph bao

nhieu Hp nhat cac cong viec e am bao chat lng

d an theo yeu cau cua chu au t

HOACH NH D AN Qua trnh xem xet ban au cua chu nhiem d an

Tap trung cac tai lieu lien quan a co (bao cao nghien cu kha thi, hp ong vi chu au t) => xac nh ro c quy mo cong viec, am bao kinh ph c duyet va tien o the hien c ay ucac moc thi gian quan trong

Xac nh cac thong tin can thiet cho cac hoat ong cua d an: tra li cac cau hoi lien quan en quy mo, chi ph va thi gian thc hien d an

HOACH NH D AN Cac cau hoi lien quan en quy mo, chi ph va thi gian Quy mo: Thieu nhng yeu cau g? Co hp ly

khong? Cach lam tot nhat la g? Can bo sung nhng thong tin nao? Can chuyen mon g? Cach thc thi cong d an? Chat lng ma chu au t yeu cau? Ap dung tieu chuan va quy nh nao?

Kinh ph: Kinh ph d tru co hp ly khong? D toan c lap nh the nao? Ai tnh d toan? Khi nao dtoan c lap? Co phan nao trong d toan phai kiem tra lai? Co phai d toan a c hieu chnh theo thi gian va a phng?

Tien o: Tien o co hp ly khong? Tien o a c lap nh the nao? Tien o c lap khi nao? Ai lap tien o? Ngay hoan thanh d an a xac nh cha? Co quy nh nhng khoan thng va phat nao khong?

HOACH NH D AN Cach thc thc hien

Chu nhiem d an lap ke hoach thc hien d an bang cach thu thap cac thong tin t cac thanh vien thc hien d an thong qua ban thiet kephng an thc hien cong viec cu the (Work Package) gom co ba phan: quy mo, chi ph va thi gian thc hien cong viec

Chi ph c tnh cua d an bang chi ph cong don t tat ca cac ban phng an thc hien cong viec cu the

Tien o tong quat cua d an la tien o hp nhat ttat ca cac ban phng an thc hien cong viec cuthe

HOACH NH D AN Cac phan cua mot ke hoach thc hien d an(1)

D lieu chung: ten va ma so d an, muc tieu vaquy mo cua d an, s o c cau phan cong tochc cua d an

Cong viec:

Danh muc chi tiet liet ke cac cong viec

Phan nhom cac cong viec

Cac cong viec cu the (Work packages)

Tien o

Trnh t va moi quan he gia cac cong viec

Thi gian d kien thc hien cong viec

Ngay khi cong va hoan thanh cac cong viec

HOACH NH D ANCac phan cua mot ke hoach thc hien d an(2)

Chi ph

So gi cong va chi ph nhan cong thc hien tng cong viec

Nhng chi ph khac d tru cho moi cong viec

Phng thc thanh toan va khoan tien thanh toan hang thang

o lng tien trnh thc hien

LAP TIEN O D AN Nhng nguyen tac cua viec lap ke hoach va tien o Bat au lap ke hoach trc khi bat au cong viec Hay e nhng thanh vien d an tham gia vao qua

trnh lap ke hoach va tien o Chu trong cac mat cua d an: quy mo, chi ph,

thi gian va chat lng D tru thi gian cho nhng thay oi, xet duyet va

phe chuan Phai hieu rang tien o la ke hoach thc hien

cong viec va tien o se khong bao gi ung chnh xac

Ke hoach can n gian, loai bo nhng chi tiet khong phu hp

Pho bien ke hoach ti cac ben tham gia d an, neu khong th ke hoach se tr nen vo dung

LAP TIEN O D AN Trach nhiem cua cac ben

Chu au t: xac nh ngay hoan thanh d an, xac nh mc o u tien cua cac cong viec

n v thiet ke: lap tien o thiet ke phu hp vi tien o cua ben chu au t co xet en mc o u tien cua cong viec

Nha thau thi cong: lap tien o cho tat ca cong tac thi cong theo yeu cau cua hp ong bao gom cacong tac cung ng va van chuyen vat t (co xet en moi quan he qua lai gia cac thau phu vaphoi hp s dung nhan cong, may thi cong)

LAP TIEN O D ANNhng viec can lam

Giai oan hnh thanh d an Co s ung ho cua oi ngu thc hien d an

Xac nh thi han cap nhat, phan hoi, mc o chi tiet

Xac nh mc o ap dung may tnh Xac nh quy mo cong viec

LAP TIEN O D ANNhng viec can lam

Giai oan chuan b thc hien d an Thiet lap c cau phan cong to chc (OBS)

Lien ket c cau phan cong to chc OBS vi c cau phan chia cong viec WBS

Xay dng he thong ma hoa Xac nh cac cong viec cu the

Lap tien o Phan bo tai nguyen, xac nh thi gian ch i

can thiet cho viec cung ng vat t va thiet b

LAP TIEN O D ANNhng viec can lam

Giai oan hoan chnh thiet ke So sanh tien o d an tong the vi tien o cua

cac ben Thiet lap he thong theo doi da tren tien o c

duyet Ra soat lai thi gian va chi ph d tru

Quan tam en yeu cau cung ng

LAP TIEN O D ANNhng viec can lam

Giai oan thi cong So sanh tien o d an tong the vi tien o cua

cac ben Thiet lap he thong theo doi da tren tien o c

duyet Theo doi tai nguyen phan phoi e xac nh mc

o ap ng tai nguyen co phu hp vi quy mo cong viec va chi ph c tnh

Thiet lap thu tuc x ly cac thay oi Thiet lap tieu ch anh gia cong viec Xem lai kch c to oi va yeu cau nhan lc Thiet lap he thong nhan biet tnh hnh vt chi ph

va cham tien o Thiet lap luong trao oi thong tin gia bo phan lap

d toan, tien o, cung ng va giam sat

LAP TIEN O D ANC s e lap ke hoach va tien o

Kha nang ap ng thiet b thi cong ieu kien cong trng va kho bai Thi gian thi cong va thi tiet Cac can tr anh hng en cong viec co the xay

ra Tnh hnh vat t hien co va xu hng th trng Nhan lc san co va nang suat lao ong trong thi

cong Yeu cau va cac dang cong trnh tam Quy nh va ieu luat ap dung

LAP TIEN O D ANCac loai tien o

Phu thuoc vao kch thc cua d an Mc o phc tap cua d an

Thi gian hoan thanh d an Tien o ngang

Tien o ma tran Tien o mang

LAP TIEN O D ANCac loai tien o Tien o ngang

Cong viec Tuan le

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Chuan b

He thong thoat nc

Mong ng

Nen ng

Mat ng

LAP TIEN O D ANCac loai tien o Tien o ngang

de oc, de hieu nhng kho cap nhat

khong the hien moi quan he gia cac cong tac la phng phap hieu qua lap tien o tong the

LAP TIEN O D ANCac loai tien o Tien o ma tran

Trnh t thao tac moi tang

Betongcot

Trantreo

Snvalatgach

Betongdam,san

Caccongtackhac

10

9

5

4

3

2

1

B1

S

o

t

a

n

g

19/06/04

21/06/04

3

20/06/04

23/06/04

4

Ngay bat au d kien

Ngay ket thuc d kien

Thi gian d kien

Ngay bat au thc te

Ngay ket thuc thc te

Thi gian thc te

LAP TIEN O D ANCac loai tien o Tien o ma tran

S dung oi vi nha nhieu tang De hieu, de s dung

Thuan tien e bao cao, cap nhat The hien c trnh t thc hien cong viec

LAP TIEN O D ANCac loai tien o Tien o mang

oi hoi nhieu ky thuat e lap va s dung cung cap nhieu thong tn chi tiet hn

co 3 loai: S o mang cong viec tren mui ten (Activity

on arrow - AOA) S o mang cong viec tren nut (Activity on

node - AON) S o mang theo quan he (Precedence

Diagramming Method PDM)

LAP TIEN O D AN - Tien o mang Cong viec: Mot nhiem vu can thc hien e hoan

thanh d an (nh thiet ke nen mong, xet duyet ban ve, ky hp ong cung ng thep, o be tong cot). Mot cong viec can thi gian, kinh ph hay cathi gian va kinh ph

S o mang: Mot mo hnh dang o th the hien moi quan he cua cac cong viec trong mot d an.

Thi gian (D): Thi gian d kien can thiet e thc hien cong viec. Thi gian nay co ke en tat ca cac tai nguyen an nh cho cong viec o

Khi sm (ES): Thi iem sm nhat cong viec cothe khi cong

Ket sm (EF): Thi iem sm nhat cong viec cothe ket thuc va bang khi sm cong vi thi gian d kien EF = ES + D

LAP TIEN O D AN - Tien o mang Ket muon (LF): Thi iem muon nhat cong viec

co the ket thuc ma khong lam anh hng en thi gian hoan thanh d an d kien

Khi muon (LS): Thi iem muon nhat cong viec co the khi cong ma khong lam anh hng en thi gian hoan thanh d an d kien LS = LF D

D tr toan phan (TF): Tong so thi gian cong viec co the keo dai them ma khong lam anh hng en thi gian hoan thanh d an TF = LF -EF = LS ES

D tr rieng phan (FF): Tong so thi gian cong viec co the keo dai ma khong lam anh hng en thi iem khi sm cua cac cong viec ng sau FFi = ESj - EFi trong o ch so i the hien cong viec ng trc, j the hien cong viec ng sau

LAP TIEN O D AN - Tien o mang

ng gang: Mot chuoi sap xep cac cong viec noi nhau trong s o mang co thi gian d tr toan phan va rieng phan bang khong. ng gang an nh thi han hoan thanh sm nhat cua d an

Cong viec ao: Mot cong viec (c the hien bang mui ten t net trong s o mang mui ten) ch ra rang cong viec ng sau cong viec ao khong thekhi cong ch en khi cac cong viec ng trc cong viec ao a ket thuc. Cong viec ao khong sdung thi gian

Tien o mang - AOA

Xet d an thi cong mot nha cong nghiep mot tang ket cau cot be tong cot thep, tng gach, dan thep cua cong ty ABC. Sau khi ky hp ong thi cong, d an bat au bang cong viec chuan b thi cong (cong viec A) va gia cong v keo tai xng (cong viec B). Qua trnh thi cong mong (cong viec C) co the bat au khi cong viec chuan b thi cong hoan tat. Phan viec van chuyen en cong trng va khuech ai dan (cong viec D) co the thc hien ngay khi dan v keo a gia cong xong. Khi mong a thi cong xong, co the thc hien uc be tong cot (cong viec E) va thi cong he thong thoat nc (cong viec F). V keo mai co the lap at (cong viec G) sau khi a thi cong cot va khuech ai xong dan v keo. Cuoi cung, khi he thong thoat nc va cong viec lap at mai hoan tat, th co the tien hanh cong viec hoan thien (cong viec H).

Tien o mang - AOA

Cac cong viec cua d an thi cong nha cong nghiep cong ty ABC

Cong viec Mo ta cong viec Cong viec ng trc

Thi gian d kien (tuan)

A Chuan b thi cong - 2

B Gia cong v keo thep - 3

C Thi cong mong A 2

D Van chuyen va khuech ai dan B 4

E Thi cong cot C 4

F Thi cong he thong thoat nc C 3

G Lap at dan mai D, E 5

H Hoan thien F, G 2

Tien o mang - AOA

1

2

3

6

4

5

7

A

D = 2

C

D = 2

G

D = 5

D

D = 4

H

D = 2B

D = 3

FD = 3

E

D = 4

Tien o mang - AOA

1

2

0 A (

0) 2

0 D

= 2 2

Ky hieu congviec

Thi gian dtr (TF)

Khi smES

Ket sm EF

Khi muonLS

Ket muon LF

Thi gianthc hiend kien

Tien o mang - AOA

1

2

3

6

4

5

0 A

(0) 2

0 D

= 2 2

2 C (0) 4

2 D = 2 4

3 D (1) 7

4 D = 4 8

13 H (0) 15

13 D = 2 1570 B (1) 3

1 D = 3 4

4 E (0) 8

4 D = 4 8

4 F (6) 7

10 D = 3 13

8 G (

0) 13

8 D

= 5 13

Tien o mang - AON

Bat auD =0

AD = 2

BD = 3

CD = 2

FD = 3

ED = 4

GD = 5

HD = 2

Tien o mang - AON

0 0 0

0 0 0

Bat au

0 0 2

0 2 2

A

0 1 3

1 3 4

B

4 6 7

10 3 13

F

4 0 8

4 4 8

E

2 0 4

2 2 4

C

3 1 7

4 4 8

D

8 0 13

8 2 13

5

13 0 15

13 2 15

H

ES TF EF

LS D LF

Ten/so hieu

Chieu xuoiEF = ES + D

Chieu ngcLS = LF - D

Tien o mang - PDM Xay dng mot cong trnh cap nc vi cac cong tac chnh sau

Cong tac Ky hieu Thi gian thc hien (tuan)

Cong tac trc no

Khoan gieng He thong ien ao at Van chuyen vat t Xay dng tram bm Lap at ong cap nc Thi cong nen mong Gia cong be cha Lap at may bm Lap at thap va be cha

A B C D E F G H I K

4 3 5 2 3 7 4 4 2 6

- - - - A C C D B, C, E G, H

Tien o mang - PDM

Tien o mang - PDM

Cho s o mang nh trong hnh. Sau khi lap mang xong ngi ta mi nhan thay la cong tac 7 ch cothe khi cong sau khi cong tac 8 a khi cong 3 ngay, cong tac 10 ch co the khi cong sau khi cong tac 7 a ket thuc 2 ngay, cong tac 11 ch cothe ket thuc sau khi cong tac 8 a ket thuc 4 ngay. Hay sa lai mang cho phu hp vi cac yeu cau tren va tm cac thong so cua mang.

Tien o mang - PDM

Cac moi quan he Ket thuc Bat au (FS)

Ket thuc Ket thuc (FF) Bat au Bat au (SS)

Cac bc lap ke hoach va tien o mang

1. Tm hieu ky ve d an va hnh thanh c cau phan chia cong viec (WBS) e xac nh cac cong viec chnh a vao mang Xet nhng cong viec can co thi gian Xet nhng cong viec can chi ph Xet nhng cong viec can phai sap xep, bo tr Xet nhng cong viec can theo doi

2. Thanh lap mot s o mang the hien tng cong viec can phai thc hien e hoan thanh d an Xet nhng cong viec ng trc Xet nhng cong viec ng sau Moi quan he gia cac cong viec c xac nh theo trnh

t ky thuat va to chc

Cac bc lap ke hoach va tien o mang

3. Kiem tra lai ho s d an, cac ban ve va yeu cau ky thuat e am bao la moi phan viec cua d an a c xem xet

4. Xac nh thi gian, chi ph va tai nguyen can thiet e thc hien tng cong viec Xem lai tng cong viec trong c cau phan chia cong viec Thu thap so lieu t nhng thanh vien tham gia thc hien

d an 5. Tnh toan mang e xac nh thi gian khi, ket va thi

gian d tr Thc hien tnh toan xuoi chieu e xac nh khi va ket

sm Thc hien tnh toan ngc chieu e xac nh khi va ket

muon Tnh toan xac nh thi gian d tr va cac cong viec

gang

Cac bc lap ke hoach va tien o mang

6. Phan tch chi ph va tai nguyen thc hien d an Tnh toan chi ph hang ngay cho tng cong viec va cho

toan bo d an Tnh toan nhu cau lao ong va tai nguyen s dung hang

ngay 7.Trnh bay ket qua cua tien o

Trnh bay tien o thi cong theo thi gian cho tng cong viec

Trnh bay nhu cau s dung chi ph Trnh bay ke hoach s dung tai nguyen

LAP TIEN OAn nh thi gian thc hien cong viec

Y ngha: rat quan trong v ng gang, thi iem khi cong va ket thuc cua cong viec va d an, phan phoi kinh ph vanhu cau s dung tai nguyen, tat ca eu phu thuoc vao khoang thi gian thc hien tng cong viec.

Phu thuoc: quy mo va chat lng cua d an, so lng nhan cong va thiet b, trnh o tay nghe, cong suat thiet b, moi trng lam viec, hieu qua giam sat.

Cach xac nh: Phan tch cac so lieu lu tr cua cac d an a hoan

thanh Tham khao so tay n gia va nh mc nang suat co san Kinh nghiem va kha nang phan oan cua ngi thi cong

LAP TIEN OBieu o s dung tai nguyen

Cac cong viec cua d an thi cong nha cong nghiep cong ty ABC

Cong viec

Mo ta cong viec Thi gian d kien (tuan)

Chi ph thc hien ($)

A Chuan b thi cong 2 4.000

B Gia cong v keo thep 3 18.000

C Thi cong mong 2 6.000

D Van chuyen va khuech ai dan 4 4.000

E Thi cong cot 4 8.000

F Thi cong he thong thoat nc 3 6.000

G Lap at dan mai 5 5.000

H Hoan thien 2 12.000

Lap at thap va be cha

Lap at may bm

Gia cong be cha

Thi cong nen mong

Lap at ong cap nc

Xay dng tram bm

Van chuyen vat t

ao at

He thong ien

Khoan gieng

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Khi cac cong viec eu khi sm

Lap at thap va be cha

Lap at may bm

Gia cong be cha

Thi cong nen mong

Lap at ong cap nc

Xay dng tram bm

Van chuyen vat t

ao at

He thong ien

Khoan gieng

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Khi cac cong viec eu khi muon

Lap at thap va be cha

Lap at may bm

Gia cong be cha

Thi cong nen mong

Lap at ong cap nc

Xay dng tram bm

Van chuyen vat t

ao at

He thong ien

Khoan gieng

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

S o mang chuyen thanh tien o ngang

C CAU PHAN CHIA CONG VIEC (WBS)

C cau phan chia cong viec la mot cong cu dang o th nhanh cay hay bieu e muc nham to chc, xac lap, the hien cac cong tac can thc hien

Quan niem: e quan ly c toan bo d an thphai quan ly c tng phan cuta d an

WBS muc ch s dung

Xac nh cac cong viec can thc hien, nh ro nhng chuyen mon can thiet, ho tr cho viec la chon thanh vien d an, thiet lap c s e lap tien o

La phng tien lien ket cac cong viec lai vi nhau mot cach hieu qua, am bao khong bo sot hay trung lap

Moi cong viec tren s o mang c hnh thanh tmot cong viec cu the tren WBS

WBS dang nhanh cay t tren xuong

Nha A

Ket cau Ncien

Mong Khungngday

Thiet b Cap ncThoatnc

WBS dang nhanh cay t trai qua phai

Nha A

Ket cau

ien

Nc

Mong

Khung

ng day

Thiet b

Cap nc

Thoat nc

WBS dang bieu e muc

1.0.0 Nha A1.1.0 Ket cau

1.1.1 Khung1.1.2 Mong

` 1.2.0 He thong ien1.2.1 ng day1.2.2 Thiet b

1.3.0 He thong nc1.3.1 He thong cap nc1.3.2 He thong thoat nc

He thong ma hoa

Khi tnh tien o mang bang may tnh, co the chon la, phan loai mot so cong viec bang he thong ma hoa

He thong ma hoa: xac nh tng phan cua d an, cho phep chon la sap xep cac thong tin e lap bao cao theo doi va kiem soat d an