Upload
95kodok85
View
225
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 1/28
HORMON
Dr. SRI MUKTI SUHARTINI,M.Kes
Prof Dr. Hj. QOMARIYAH, MS, PKK, AIFM
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 2/28
HORMON
Fungsi tubuh diatur oleh :
• Sistem saraf
• Sistem hormonal (sistem endokrin)
Saraf Khusus utk penghantaran epat
Hormonal !enghantaran sin"al lbh lambat drpdsaraf#
Mengatur sistem sirkulasi utk
melindungi bgn tbh $arak $auh
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 3/28
Sistem endokrin
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 4/28
Hormon
• %dalah Suatu &messenger' (perantara ) kimia dlm
tbh "ang disintesis oleh sel penghasil hormon
beker$a tdk h" pd kelen$ar hormon baahann"atetapi $uga pd sel*sel non endokrin# (Organ target
atau sel target)
• Hormon sel target "g spesifik saling mengenalsatu sama lain
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 5/28
• Sel target memp# Reseptor (tmpt pengikat spesifik)
• %finitas reseptor thd hormon hrs sgt tinggi sbb
konsentrasi hormon dlm darah h" + , pikogram - bbrp .g per ml darah
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 6/28
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 7/28
/erdasarkan struktur kimia hormon
dibagi atas :
• Hormon !eptida dan 0likoprotein
- Reseptor terletak pada permukaan luar membran sel
target - 1th hormon peptida :
• 0nRH2 %3H24RH2Oksitosin2 !rolaktin2
MSH2%14H20lukagon25nsulin2dll#
- 1th hormon glikoprotein :
• FSH26H24SH dan 7ritropoietin
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 8/28
• Hormon Steroid - Struktur kimia berdasarkan pd inti steroid "g mirip
dengan kolesterol - Sbgn besar tipe ini berasal dari kolesterol
- Reseptor terletak didalam sitoplasma sel
- Hormon steroid "g hidrofobik berikatan dgn protein dlmdarah
• Mis# Kortisol progesteron 4ranskortin
4estosteron 7strogen 0lobulin
- 1ontoh : 4estosteron2 7strogen2 !rogesteron2Kortikosteroid#
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 9/28
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 10/28
• Hormon "g berasal dari asam amino tirosin#
- Reseptor terletak pada inti sel#
- 1ontoh : !5H2 48 4927pinefrin Norepinefrin (Katekolamin)
Reseptor terletak pd permukaanmembran sel#
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 11/28
Mekanisme ker$a hormonal
• !erubahan dlm permeabilitas membran
- Mis# Katekolamin memp# 7fek kuat dlm
membukamenutup sal#ion membran utk Na2Kmengubah potensial membran sel otot polos spesifik
eksitasiinhibisi#
• %kti;asi en<im intraselluler saat st hormon bergabung
dengan satu reseptor membran# - Mis# 5nsulin mengikat gugus reseptor membran
perubahan struktural molekul reseptor st kinase aktif
me fosforilase bbrp <at "g berbeda dlm sel#
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 12/28
• %kti;asi gen mll penggabungan dgn reseptor
intraselluler
- Mis# Hormon steroid hormon tiroid bergab#dgnreseptor protein dlm sel kompleks reseptor hormon
"g diaktifkan mengaktifkan gugus spesifik dr rantai
3N% inti sel transkripsi gen spesifik RN%
messenger protein baru dibtk dlm sel pengatur
fgs selluler "g baru#
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 13/28
Mekanisme seond messenger utk
memperantarai fgs hormon intraselluler
• Seond messenger adalah alat "g digunakan hormon utk
mendesak ker$a intra selluler#
• %M!2Kalsium2 Kalmodulin2 !roduk pemeahan membranfosfolipid
• Respon fisiologis seond messenger :
- Mengaktifkan en<im
- Mengubah permeabilitas membran
- Men"ebabkan kontraksi otot
- Men"ebabkan sintesis protein
- Men"ebabkan sekresi
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 14/28
Fungsi Hormon
• !engaturan nutrisi
• Metabolisme
• !ertumbuhan• !erkembangan
• Kematangan fisik psikis
• Mekanisme reproduksi
• Kemampuan adaptasi• Homeostasis
• 3sb
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 15/28
Rangsangan aal untuk suatu respon hormonal
mulai dari SS! (hipothalamus)
neurosekresi pelepasan hormon darihipofise mengatur kel#endokrin perifer
organ target hormon akhir dilepas#
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 16/28
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 17/28
!engaturan keepatan sekresi hormon
=mpan /alik : Kead# "g mrpk respons thd suatu sin"al(mis#Sbh sel thd st rgsan hormonal) mempengaruhi sbrsin"al#
Mekanisme umpan balik :
• Kel#endokrin memp# Keendrungan alami utkmensekresikan se#berlebihan hormonn"a#
• OK keendrungan ini hormon ak# Semakin menggunakanefek pengaturann"a pd organ target
• Organ target kmd ak# Melakukan fgsn"a
• >ika terlalu b"k fgs "g t$d bbrp faktor dr fgs itu ak#M$d umpan balik bagi kel#endokrin tsb#
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 18/28
• =mpan /alik !ositif
- Rangsangan diperkuat oleh sin"al
- Men"ebabkan respons "g berikutn"a lebih bsr "g memberikanumpan balik utk menghslkan st rgsan "g tetap lbh besar
- Mis: Kadar estrogen "g tinggi sekali dalam darah kadar 6H
me O;ulasi
• =mpan /alik Negatif
- Rangsangan diturunkan oleh respons
- Ker$a hormon keban"akan umpan balik negatif
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 19/28
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 20/28
!engukuran keep# /ersihan
metabolisme hormon
? faktor "g me atau me konsentrasi hormon dlm
darah :
,# Keep# Sekresi hormon?# Keep# !engangkutan hormon dari darah (@keep#
/ersihan metabolisme)
Keep# Klirens @ ( keep#hilangn"a hormon dr plasma)
Metabolisme ( /esarn"a konsentrasi hormon dlm stp ml plasma)
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 21/28
SELESAI
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 22/28
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 23/28
What are endocrine systems for?What are endocrine systems for?
Endocrine Functions
• Maintain Internal Homeostasis
• Support Cell Growth
• Coordinate Development
• Coordinate eproduction• Facilitate esponses to E!ternal Stimuli
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 24/28
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 25/28
What are the main types of receptors?What are the main types of receptors?
Mem"rane eceptors
Im"edded in tar#et cell mem"rane$ inte#ral proteins%#lycoproteins$ penetrate throu#h mem"rane
For protein & char#ed hormones 'peptides orneurotransmitters(
) ma*or #roups+ Serpentine , - transmem"rane
domains. Growth factor%cyto/ine , 0 transmem"ranedomain. Ion channels
1uclear eceptors
1uclear proteins that usually act in pairs & "ind to
specific Hormone eco#nition Elements 'HEs( ,se2uences on the D13 in the promoter re#ions oftar#et #enes
For small. hydropho"ic molecules 'steroids. thyroidhormones(
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 26/28
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 27/28
What are feed"ac/ systems?What are feed"ac/ systems?
Feed"ac/s Generate Control 4oops
1e#ative
5hese maintain hormonal "alance & are often lin/edto homeostatic processes6
If the multiplicative effect of the several lin/s in a
control loop is ne#ative. the entire control loop isne#ative6
7ositive
5hese cause physiolo#ic chan#es in the systeminvolved6
If the multiplicative effect of the several lin/s in acontrol loop is positive. the entire control loop is
positive6
--+
++
7/23/2019 Hormon Intro
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hormon-intro 28/28