How mindfulness promotes family wellness靜觀如何促進家庭健康29 June 2019

葉盈芝女士

東區尤德夫人那打素醫院臨床心理學家

MS. SINDY YIP

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST,

PAMELA YOUDE NETHERSOLE EASTERN HOSPITAL

What is mindfulness?

Mindfulness is awareness that arises through

paying attention, on purpose, in the present

moment, non-judgmentally, in the service of

self-understanding, wisdom and compassion.”

(Kabat Zinn, 2017, Mindful)

What is mindfulness?(Shapiro, Carlson, Astin, & Freedman, 2006)

Evidence-based mindfulness-

based program

Mindfulness based stress reaction (MBSR)

Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

How well / healthy is your family?

Let’s reflect on

your own

experience

“Mindfulness not only influences the way we

relate to ourselves, including to our mental of

physical conditions, but also the way we relate to

others: ‘relational mindfulness’. By practicing

conscious, present-moment, and non-

judgmental attention, to the self and others,

profound changes in relationships may occur

(Bogels & Emerson, 2019, p.138).

(1)Effects of mindfulness

on stress reactivity

Slow down the automatic reaction

Recognize our body signal of stress

Choose how we respond / react, or choose

not to react

Stress

Physiological arousal ,

emotional reaction

Automatic Reaction

(Fight / Flight Freeze)

The Short Route – reactive parenting

Flight (Avoid / Escape)?

Fight (Attack / Blame)?

Freeze (Numb /

Immobilize)

Stress

Physiological arousal ,

emotional reaction

Notice

Be awareChoice

The longer route

(2) Self-compassion

What is self-compassion? Neff (2003)

Self-kindness vs.

self-judgment

Being gentle with

and

understanding

ourselves rather

than being self-

critical and

judgmental

Common humanity

vs. isolation

An awareness of us

having shared

experience of

suffering with others

rather than feeling

alienated, isolated

and ashamed

Mindfulness vs.

over-identificationHolding one’s

painful feelings and

thoughts in

balanced

awareness rather

than over-

identifying and

dissociation with the

experience.

Mindful Parenting Program (Bö gels & Restifo)

Compassion practices in mindful parenting. E.g

Loving kindness meditation

Bringing self-compassion to self during stressful

parenting interaction

Compassion for children and partners

Self-compassion

(3) Quality time - Being present;

Beginner’s mind, Off-judgments, and

savoring the precious moments

Notice Aware Return

Mindfulness-based program

in parenting context

Mindful Parenting Program (Bö gels & Restifo)

Mindfulness-enhanced Strengthening

Families Program (Coatsworth, et al, 2014)

Mindful & Compassionate Parenting

Program (UCSD)

Mindful parenting program

(Bö gels & Restifo)

1. Automatic pilot parenting

2. Beginner’s mind parenting

3. Reconnecting with our body as a parent

4. Responding VS Reacting to parenting stress

5. Parenting Patterns and schemas

6. Conflict and parenting

7. Love and limits

8. A mindful path through parenting

Research Evidence –

Tip of an ice-berg

Research EvidenceStudy Target group Results and Outcome

Bö gels, et al (2013)

MPP

[Non-RCT]

Parents “Improvements in the target child’s internalizing and externalizing

psychopathology symptoms, parents’ own internalizing symptoms and

externalizing symptoms; Improvements occurred on parental stress,

parenting, and coparenting, but not on marital functioning. “

Zhou et al, 2019

MPP

[Non-RCT]

Parents

(Chinese)

“Significantly reduced mothers‘ stress and depression levels; Enhanced the

positive aspects in mental health, including self-esteem, life satisfaction,

and well-being; Parenting stress and overreacting parenting practice

decreased while positive mother-adolescent interactions increased.”

Rayan & Ahmad

(2016) 5-week

mindfulness based

intervention

Parents of

children with

ASD

“Better outcomes on the measures of psychological well-being and

mindfulness than those in the comparison group; Demonstrated significant

improvements in measures of stress, anxiety, depression, and mindfulness

scores with medium to large effect size (Cohen d between 0.42 and 0.85,

P < 0.01)”

Kor , Chien, Liu, Lai

(2018)

Meta- analysis

(MBSR)

Caregivers

of dementia

patients

Mindfulness for caregivers (often partners) of dementia patients is

associated with a more favorable outcome on caregiver stress, with the

standardized mean difference with a moderate aggregated effect size of

0.57 (95% CI [0.23, 0.92], overall effect Z = 3.25 at p = 0.001), compared to

control conditions at posttest, but not at follow-up .

Warriner, Crane,

Dymond (2018)

Distressed

pregnant

women and

their

partners

Significant increase in both maternal and paternal mental health with

women demonstrating a significant improvement in symptoms of stress,

anxiety, depression, pregnancy-related distress, labour worry and positive

and negative pregnancy experiences;

Men improving significantly in symptoms of anxiety, depression and

showing a trend for improvement in self-reported symptoms of perceived

stress.

Reference

Bö gels, S. M., Hellemans, J., van Deursen, S., Rö mer, M., & van der Meulen, R.

(2013). Mindful parenting in mental health care: effects on parental and child

psychopathology, parental stress, parenting, co-parenting and marital

functioning. Mindfulness, DOI 10.1007/s12671-013-0209-7

Bö gels, S. M., & Emerson, L. (2019). The mindful family: a systemic approach to

mindfulness, relational functioning, and somatic and mental health. Current

Opinion in Psychology, 28, 138-142.

Coatsworth, J. D., Duncan, L., Greenberg, M., & Nix, R. (2010). Changing

parents’ mindfulness, child management skills, and relationship quality with

their youth: results from a randomized pilot intervention trial. Journal of child

and family studies, 19, 203-217

Feldman, C. & Kuyken, W. (2013). Compassion in the landscape of suffering. In

M. G. Williams & J. Kabat-Zinn (Eds.), Mindfulness: Diverse perspectives on its

meaning, origins and applications. New York: Routledge.

Segal, Z. V., Williams, M. G. & Teasdale, J. D. (2013). Mindfulness-Based

Cognitive Therapy for Depression. (2nd Edition), New York, Guilford Press.