Huong Dan Orcad

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Phn I: V mch nguyn l bng OrCAD Capture

1. Tng quan v OrCAD Capture:

OrCAD Capture l phn mm v mch nguyn l rt mnh , vi th vin phong ph,

thao tc n gin, d chnh sa v tm kim.

Trong phn ny ti s hng dn khi qut mi ngi c th tip cn v s dng phn mm ny. T:

Khi ng To mt bn thit k Ly linh kin Thay i thng s linh kin i dy Hon thnh mch nguyn l n vic to th vin linh kin c nhn tin cho vic s dng v sau. 2. V mch nguyn l bng OrCAD Capture 2.1 Khi ng OrCAD Capture C1. Start -> AllPrograms-> Orcad Family Release 9.2 -> Capture ( Capture Cis )

C2. Click vo biu tng trn mn hnh Desktop Mn hnh lm vic ca Capture nh sau:

2.2 To mt Project mi: to mt project bn c th lm nh sau: *Chn menu File -> New -> Project.


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*Hoc chn nt lnh Create document Hp thoi New project hin ra, nhp tn project trong phn Name ( Theo ti mi 1 Project bn nn lu vo 1 th mc ring v trong orcad 1 project c th to ra rt nhiu file )v ng dn n v tr lu project trong phn Location.

Click vo nt Browse chn ng dn cho project Nu mun to mt th mc con cha cc file trong project ca bn, nhp chut vo Create Dir...

Nhp tn th mc mun to vo phn Name

trong hp thoi Create Directory. OK xc nhn

Mn hnh ca OrCAD Capture nh sau:


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2.3 Cc i tng lm vic:

Thanh cng c: Chn i tng

Th vin linh kin Chy dy t nhn ng mch V ng ni bus t im ni Ni vi ng bus Ngun Mass im khng ni

.v.v 2.4 Cc phm tt v t kha trong OrCAD Capture: Vic s dng cc phm tt v t kha s gip cho thao tc ca chng ta c nhanh hn Phm Chc nng: R Xoay linh kin W Ni cc ng mch I Phng to mn hnh O Thu nh mn hnh P Ly linh kin N nh nhn J To im ni B V ng bus T Thm vn bn cho bn v X nh du chn linh kin ko s dng F Ly cc khi ngun G Ly cc khi mass, ni t Y V khi ch nht ESC Thot ch ang chn Mt s t kha c s dng nhiu: R in tr RESISTOR VAR Bin tr CAP T in CAP NP T khng phn cc RELAY R le LED n led


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FUSE Cu ch DIODE i t DIODE ZENER i t n p NPN Transistor ngc PNP Transistor thun CRYSTAL Thch anh BRIDGE Cu diode SW Nt nhn HEADR Chn cm V.V *Khi lm vic vi OrCAD cc bn ch l phi tt cc trnh g ting vit i th mi s

dng c cc phm tt , v trnh li khi s dng cc phm tt, n gin l phn mm Orcad khng hiu ting Vit.

2.5 Tm kim v chn linh kin: ly linh kin ra bn nhn phm P ( hoc

Shift + P hoc chn Place Part ). 1 ca s hin ra nh sau :

khung Part cho php chng ta gi ra cc linh kin, vy linh kin c ly u? linh kin c ly Libraries. Nhng chng ta ang thy Libraries trng trn th kia th ly lm sao c linh kin? Vy ta phi Add library s hin ra 1 ca s nh sau :

Sau khi Add cc linh kin vo:


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T khung Part List chn 1 linh kin cn dng, khung Part s hin ra tn linh kin

v bn di d hin ra hnh dng ca linh kin, sau nhn OK. Sau khi nhn OK chn linh kin, lc ca s ny s mt i v linh kin dnh vo

chut ca bn Chn v tr thch hp v nhp chut

tri t linh kin

Cc thao tc Rotate ( R ) xoay linh kin, Vertical ( V ) lt linh kin theo chiu dc hoc Horizontal (H ) lt theo chiu ngang

Chn v t y linh kin vo

trang v trc ri tin hnh i dy ni mch

ni dy bn nhp vo bn thanh cng c phi hoc s dng phm W, Nhp chut vo linh kin v ko n v tr khc nu mun di chuyn chng

2.6 Kim tra li s nguyn l:

Nhp vo biu tng Project Manager , xut hin mn hnh nh sau: Chn PAGE1

Nhp vo biu tng design rules check Hp thoi Design Rules Check xut hin, check vo

Scope, Action & Report nh hnh bn v nhp Ok kim tra.


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Nu c thng bo li bn hy kim tra v tr c khoanh trn nh mu xanh v tin hnh sa li ri tip tc.

2.7 To file netlist:

Sau khi kim tra khng thy li , chng ta tin hnh to file .MNL chuyn sang Layout.

Chn biu tng Create Netlist trn thanh cng c, hoc chn Tool=> Create Netlist Ca s Create Netlist xut hin, chn Layout.

Trong th Options chn User Properties are in inchers t chn chn linh kin Footprint.

Trong th Netlist File chn Browse duyt n ni cha file, nhp chn OK

*Chn Run ECO to Layout

lin kt gia Capture v Layout sau ny (ta c th cp nht t SCHEMATIC sang Layout khi ta thay i cc linh kin hay ta thay i cc chn ca linh kin .

Chon OK trong hp thoi xut hin tip theo hon tt qu trnh to file netlist

Vy l hon tt qu trnh v mch bng Capture, bn hy dng file .MNL va to v mch in bng OrCAD Layout Plus


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3. To th vin linh kin mi trong OrCAD Capture 3.1 Gii thiu: Vic to ra linh kin mi trrong Capture rt quan trng, cc linh kin in t u c

sn xut theo mt s tiu chun nht nh. Trong Layout th mt s chn linh kin nu khng bit th c th tm mt linh kin khc c chn tng t, cn trong Capture th cng vic khng th thc hin c. Hn na vic to ra mt th vin mi ca ring bn s gip bn qun l{, cng nh thao tc nhanh hn trong vic tm kim linh kin.

3.2 Cc bc to linh kin mi: Mt project bao gm vic to ra linh kin mi , to ra bn v nguyn l hoc xut ra

mch in,...Khi vic to ra linh kin mi l vic lm phc v cho schematic no . to thm linh kin mi, cc bn phi nhn din c linh kin l g, hot ng nh

th no. Phi tra datasheet ca linh kin . Sau khi bit r v linh kin, hy hnh dung trong u s b tr cc chn linh kin sao cho vic v mch nguyn l c d dng v p nht.

Tip theo l to ra mt th vin linh kin cha linh kin m cc bn s to ra. V c tnh cc ti l khc nhau v nhng ngi lm vic vi mch in t cng khc nhau nn vic t tn cng c nhng c th khc nhau. Cui cng l vic to ra linh kin bn, t vo cc th vin ph hp. C th ti s hng dn cc bn to ra con MAX232.

3.2.1 Tm Datasheet: Vic u tin l phi tra cu datasheet ca con MAX232. tra datasheet bn c th

search trn mng http://google.com hoc tm trc tip t cc trang web v datasheet: www.alldatasheet.com hoc www.datasheetcatalog.com

y l hnh nh ca con MAX232 trong datasheet 3.2.2 Tin hnh to linh kin:

Trong mn hnh lm vic ca Capture. Chn File > New > Library Trong ca s qun l, ti th mc Library nhp chut phi vo library.olb, chn New

Part to linh kin mi


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Nhp tn linh kin vo khung Name ( tn ny s c hin th khi bn chn linh kin). Chn kiu linh kin trong Part Reference Prefix y chn l U Nhp OK vo trang thit k

Ca s lm vic nh sau:


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Trc ht chng ta cn to ra nhm chn, sau sa cha thng s, nhng nhm chn c cng chc nng ta ta thit k chung.

Chn Place Pin Array trn thanh cng c to nhm chn cho linh kin Starting Name ( tn chn) : 1 Starting Number ( Chn bt u): 1 Number of Pins (s chn c to ra trong cng nhm chn): 8 Increment (s n v tng ln) : 1 OrCAD h tr vic to ra cc nhm chn bng cch t ng tng th t tn chn Starting Name, Starting Number ln Incrment n v, nu nh chn tn cng l 1 s.

Khi nhn OK, con chut s to thnh 1 dy 8 chn linh kin. Trn khi U vung, cc bn t n cnh no, n s nm cnh .Nhp chut hon tt.

Tip tc to cc chn cn li. Chn Place pin array

Starting Name : 16 Starting Number: 16 Number of Pins : 8 Increment: -1 OK v chn v tr t chn

Nhp p chut vo chn linh kin sa i cc thng s: tn, s chn linh kin


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Tip tc cho cc chn cn li. Nhp chut tri v ko gi chut sp xp li v tr cc chn linh kin cho hp l & thm m

2.3.3 V ng bao v lu linh kin:

Chn Place rectangle trn thanh cng c to ng bao, v hnh vung va kht trn hnh.Chn Place Text nhp tn cho linh kin.Nh vy l lm xong 1 linh kin mi, nhn Save lu li linh kin.

2.4 Chnh sa linh kin: Khi ly linh kin trong th vin, c mt vn l a s vi con IC th b n chn VCC v GND, nhng cc bn yn tm khi xut ra mch in chn VCC mc nhin ni vi Power v chn GND th ni t. Ti s ch cho cch lm cho n hin ln

* Tin hnh chnh sa

y ta chn con IC 7805 Nhp phi chut vo linh kin, chn Edit Part

Xut hin ca s lm vic mi gip bn

chnh sa cc thng s ca linh kin:


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Khi Double Click vo chn cn chnh

chnh li cc chn theo mong mun sau nhn OK.

V tin hnh cc chn cn li. Sau nhp chut vo nt Close trong ca

s lm vic hoc nhn Ctrl + W, xut hin hp thoi

Chn Update Current lu thay i, Update All thay i tt c linh kin c

trong Project, Discard hy b thay i, Cancel quay li hy b thao tc, Help c tr gip. Vy l hon tt c bn phn Capture, tip theo ta chuyn sang phn Layout thit k mch in.

( lun Ctrl + S lu bn project , phng s c xy ra ngoi mun )


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Phn II: V mch mch in vi OrCAD Layout

1. Tng quan v phn mm v mch in OrCAD Layout thi cng board mch thc t cn phi xut mch nguyn l trong Capture sang file

mch in c h tr bi Layout. Phn ny s hng dn cc bn xut file .mnl trong mch nguyn l sang Layout v mch in hon chnh, cch chn chn linh kin footprint, to th vin chn linh kin mi,...

2. V mch in vi OrCAD Layout 2.1 Khi ng OrCAD Layout:

Khi ng OrCAD vi chng trnh Layout Plus

- C1: Start -> AllPrograms-> Orcad Family Release 9.2 -> Layout Plus

- C2: Click vo biu tng trn mn hnh Desktop

Mn hnh lm vic ca Layout Plus nh sau:

2.2 Lin kt Footprint Nu cc linh kin trong mch thit k l cc linh kin mi v cha tng c lin kt n

th vin footprint ca Layout Plus ln no th s xut hin hp thoi yu cu bn phi lin kt n Footprint. y l bc kh khn i hi bn phi cn thn, nu nh chn sai chn th mch coi nh b i, tt nht bn hy xem k hnh nh thc t ca linh kin vic chn hnh dng v kch thc ca Footprint c chnh xc. Kinh nghim cho thy s tt hn nu bn tc hin vic gn Footprint cho tt c cc linh kin trong sut qu trinh v mch bng Capture.

*Trc tin bn phi Add th vin vo Layout: Trn thanh cng c vo Tool => Library Manager khi

ca s Library Manager xut hin ta chn vo nt Add, mt ca s mi xut hin Add Library


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Khi ta tm n th vin c

sng, t to hoc c th Download t trn mng v chn Open.

Quay li khung Library Manager ta s thy cc tn

Footprints c hin ra. y ta c th to Footprints miv c th xa bt k

mt Footprints no.


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* By gi ta bt u Lin kt Footprint.

Tr li phn Capture chn v mt linh kin bt k v Double Click vo linh kin , y ta chn IC 7805 nh hnh bn di

Mt ca s mi Property Editor Ta tn n ct PCB Footprints Sang Layout Click vo Tool => Library Manager tm n th vin cn dng, sau

chn linh kin ph hp, ta Copy tn ca linh kin trong khung Footprints. Nh hnh di


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Tr li Capture ln na ta Past tn ca linh kin vo ct PCB Footprints lc trc. ta c kt qu nhu sau:

C trnh t nh th ta to lin kt Footprints cho tt c cc

linh kin cn li trong mch.

Sau chng ta tin hnh to file .MNL chuyn sang Layout.

Chn biu tng Create Netlist trn thanh cng c, hoc chn Tool=> Create Netlist

Ca s Create Netlist xut hin, chn Layout.

Trong th Options chn User Properties are in inchers t chn chn linh kin Footprint.


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Trong th Netlist File chn Browse duyt n ni cha file, nhp chn OK *Chn Run ECO to Layout lin kt gia Capture v Layout sau ny (ta c th cp

nht t SCHEMATIC sang Layout khi ta thay i cc linh kin hay ta thay i cc chn ca linh kin .

Chon OK trong hp thoi xut hin tip theo hon tt qu trnh to file netlist

Dng file .MNL va to v mch in bng OrCAD Layout Plus

2.3 To bn thit k : to mt bn thit k mi, vo menu File ->

New hoc t biu tng trn thanh cng c. Xut hin hp thoi Load Template File,

ta nhp vo file Template theo ng dn mc nh: C:\Program Files \Orcad \Layout_Plus \Data

File template l file nh dng mt s thng s mc nh cho board mch, nh s lp board mch, khong cch i dy, kch thc ng mch, quy nh thit k,... c s dng xuyn sut trong qu trnh v mch vi Layout. Nu l mt board bnh thng th bn chn file default.tch.

Xut hin hp thoi Load Netlist Source yu cu bn chn file netlist c ui .MNL c to trong OrCAD Capture. Nhp Open

chn m file Netlist


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Ti hp thoi Save File As bn nhp vo ng dn v tn file m bn mun lu thit k ca mnh. Mc nh Layout Plus s t tn file mc nh trng vi file netlist v lu trong th mc cha project vi ui file l .MAX.

Kt qu ta thu c hnh Layout vi cc linh kin d c tin ni vi nhau:


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2.4 Sp xp linh kin: y l phn quan trng nht trong v Layout. tin cho vic sp xp cc linh kin trc tin ta to kt ni gia Capture v Layout:

Phn Capture chn Options => Preferences

Ca s Preference xut hin ta chn theo cc bc sau:

Phn Layout chn Window => Half Screen


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Ta c kt qu:

n y ta c th sp xp cc linh kin cho ph hp:

Vic b tr linh kin ln board mch l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng quyt nh n n nh, d v v thm m,v.vca board mch.

C 2 cch sp xp


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Bn c th sp xp linh kin bng tay hoc s dng chc nng t ng sp xp ca

Layout, trc tin ta tt DRC v sau vo Options => System Setings chnh li li Place grid [X,Y]: 25 li cng nh th vic sp xp cc linh kin c d dng.

* Sp xp linh kin bng tay

Nhp chut vo biu tng Component Tool trn thanh cng c. di chuyn linh kin no ta nhp chut vo linh kin , sau , khi nh chut ra v di chuyn th linh kin cng s di chuyn theo. n v tr cn t linh kin th nhp chut mt ln na, v linh kin s c c inh.

* Sp xp linh kin t ng

u tin bn cn phi c nh mt s linh kin m bn mun n c t mt v tr xc nh, trnh b thay i v tr trong qu trnh auto. Di chuyn linh kin n v tr xc nh, nhp chut phi chn Lock. Sau khi c nh c cc linh kin theo yu cu, chn Auto -> Place -> Board.

2.5 V mch Layout Plus h tr c 2 chc nng v t ng v v bng tay. Thng thng nn kt hp

c 2 chc nng ny, v khi v t ng i khi s c nhng ng mch rt phc tp, lc ta nn iu chnh li bng tay

Trc tin ta chn lp t ng v mch: nu l mch in 1 lp ta ch gi li lp

BOTTOM v Unused cc lp cn li( y ta ch cn Unused lp INNER1 v INNER2) bng cch vo Toll => Layer => Select From Spreadsheet khi ca s Layer hin ra:


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Tip theo ta nh rng cho cc ng Nets: vo View Spredsheet chn Nets

i vi cc ng Mass va Ngun ta chnh r to hn cc n tn hiu


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n y ta c th tin hnh v t ng cho mch

* V t ng : Vo Auto -> Auto Route -> Board, Layout Plus s t ng v mch Sau khi mch c v t ng ta tin hnh kim tra li cc ng tin ni c ni

ht hay cha, nu cha ta phi v tay, trong trng hp khng th v tay ta phi thc hin chn Jumper

Thc hin chm Jumper: Trc tin phi chn ng mch ni Jumper, xa ng

mch v (Unrout phm tt D), sau chn xa ng tin ni. Sau

chn Click chut phi chn New Ca s Add Component xut hin ta chn Footprint sau chn 1 Via thch hp nh hnh di:


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Tip tc nh trn ta Add thm 1 Via na, Via l ni m ta s hn Jumper sau ny. K cng ta to cc ng tin ni gia Via v mch cn thit: Click vo

Click phi chut chn Add v ni cc ng tin ni tip theo.

Sau cng ta v cc ng mch cho cc ng tin ni bng v chng ta d hon thnh 1 Jumper.

* V bng tay:

Chn Edit Segment Mode . Kch vo dy mun v, lc dy s gn vi con tr, r chut to ng mch, kch tri chut c nh ng mch.

i hng ng i ca mch: kch vo cui on dy, sau i theo hng m bn mun v.

Sau khi v xong, nhn ESC kt thc. Nhp F5 refresh bn mch. Sau khi v, bn s c nh sau:


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2.6 Hon thin bn mch:

a. Chn mt on text vo mch in

Chn Text Tool t thanh cng c Click phi vo mn hnh chn New.

Hp thoi Text Edit hin ra, trong khung Text String g ni dung cn chn. Lu : nu bn lm mch in th cng th click chn Mirrored khi i khng b ngc.

Chn lp hin th trong khung Layer ( thng th chnTOP v BOTTOM ), v kch thc ch . chn OK hon tt


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2.7 Ph mass cho mch in: Mc ch ca vn ny l chng nhiu cho mch in. Cch lm nh sau:

Chn Obstacle Tool. Nhp chut vo khung mch, con chut thnh du cng nh th click phi, chn New. Click phi mn hnh ln na chn Property sau s xut hin hp thoi Edit Obstacle.

Trong khung Obstacle Type chn: Copper Pour. - Trong khung Obstacle Layer chn lp cn ph Copper Pour: c th l TOP hay

BOTTOM. - Trong khung Net Attachment th chn l GND hoc POWER, ty theo bn mun ph

theo GND hay POWER. Nu khng th ta du - Nhn OK. 2.8 Kch thc cho Board mch:

Ta chnh li kch thuoc l Cm vo Tool => System Settings => Centimeters (Cm) => Ok Sau vo Tool => Dimention =>New


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2.9 In mch Layout in mch va v, bn thc hin cc bc sau: - Chn Option -> Post Process Settings - Nhp chut phi vo lp mun in (vd: lp BOTTOM), chn

Preview

- Vo menu File, chn Print/Plot ( Ctrl + P ) Nh vy honh thnh 1 Board mch bng Layout.

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