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CONTENTS

Pag-"

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ZOol

etocl rost essays

 Nll

ONE:

ANNOTATED

ExTRACtS

,-o.oLao6d1d

1e

ro..-do.

.o,.60

o

od

.,o..o

o

"21

',.d

'dbe

oi

'

astcentuq, (o

6)

-"--

I

2b

t

was

rhe

best

oltimes, ilwas

Ihe worst oi

lmes,

C.mmenr

o.lhis ass.ssn.it

ot lrre

astcertury (a

6)

i

13lgnoranceisbrss

Doyolaqrce?

lOB)

...

jo

UNIT

TWOr

STUDENTS'

ESSAYS

2I More

pain

than

qa

n

ls

lhG

a rcaso.ab.

commenl

on

lhe

role

ih. o.is.nat ..mnLje,

22 n whatways

has

yourmuntry

slif€r€d

as

a

resul o'

Eptd e.onom c

deletcpmenl? (a ]l

le

..)

,F

ri.o\a

o,

"

"-.",og

."

o. o-

,)rFo^ d

o

.b o:.or

o

25

Gr€atworksorlteGtlredoiotmak.goodtims.Di;rss

(Ot2t

.---.---

-....-.-

2.

2

6

Greaiworks

of

Ile€l re

do fol

make

good

nrs

Oisclss. (O

j2t

Errract

___-,

26

27Wry

s

itihatno.ountry

has

everh6d

p.fed nrhln

rqhls

iecord?

iO3J

_-...-

25

1{fr

Ct

t

JQ

qeaultz

: t:iE ), 2aaa

rDNeler

before

n

the

history

otlhe

mass

neda

has

'/

-

d

'o

'

aro,

bd.r

os-a1

.o,eo

al.,

1

ia,t-.ng

'De.c

W

I

..eo.e1ro,6e.,d

a o

.e

-re,

;r

a-a

\

of

o,6r:o

)

t4^.-o

og

as

|

.a -do.o

\.th6

clF\e.f6,

-.n,J1

^o.

roeed

tne

o.e

o Mo

.

V-dro.

Wt

'

d

g.owir

q

proponor

or

ad.c.led

,'d

L6.re

o.oote..rp

n.o..rbe

oesire

fo-.nrormdror

b

.

-oo-

o.

ro,

.o

l-"

wo.

o.an

o,t/

qro^

p\-.

.

od

Hore.F

"rFp

ar-6r..daato,e.fe.e,o.d

ceef

cnl.

sms

d

recred

at ihe

ma5s

medLa

rhil :rc

becoml.g

nfeasingty

dfcuttlo

igno.e.

Rlnours

reeking

o.Ld,e o-iru.a

"'1"

.e''d..p

ord

re

-o'

o

dranoi.

aners

a.eDr.t/.1

F,pot.he

doa

o

o9r6e

LFa.lt6

ros.

Ted

o

-a(

ra,cd

to

lu

Lt .s

0..

obF

.6

o,

160

n9 .

as5en rhe

ractha

h

s

does

not

happen

a I

the

rime.

^1r

rodar

.

s

-"o

-

do r'

oea

"r'o-dJ

eng

relegared

1o

rhe

ba€[sear

Entertanme.r < rhp

bu?zword

arohd

mass

medra.ornpanes

lhese davs

--

"

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rorp

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ia

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rr

i rodr

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',dd

E,

.

..

ia re.cr r

The

S .

j

ror

s-r

..

r.r.flrer

n eri3.

.on.o.ted

fase

e e, tness

a...unls

o q.io

o

..,

;oo

.

"

-o.,"

J

"

H.re €r

I

must

ror be

saclhat

lhe mass meCi.

has

fardd brnery.

There

have

been times

whef the mass

med a

ias

f

ii:eC

ls object e

roby.

tn

the recent

Anrerca-ed

 v.r

alarnst

raq the Pentagon (the

[4inisiry

oi

Defence

].

rm:rL.r

r

i:red

.n embeCd.g

echemerre/eb/

''I--o^

1e

q

.q

.a:

.

(

d..ato^do

5e kepl

p

lo-daie

w1h

the

atesr

t.formatro.

recard

ng the

10

ack

oi Eporters

and

rolrna

sls who ntetoielved

ord na.r'

r€rt

s and

even oppose.s

oirhe

war,lhus

prolid

ng

a bala.ced

liew

Olte mlst also

rut tc.q-"t

lre

jarnalsls

f/hafa.the

sake

atinfantinq

||ent

aqainst

bau3

a.d

Lan.led

up

wo..e.lf

Thes6

a.ethe

p6apt.

t/ha.ta.e

.

cp

pase

a briau

sly fla

|| e d

g

av

e.n

ne nts

a n

d c..p.ft

j

b,s

jlFor

e e.

Ja s..

Slair

rhere

are

ar

teest

n

ne.rh.r

j..".

.oo"-.

a.oo

peop.1.o

o rInpo.'

_..

ri ions

stilr rn

to the

hass

media

to be

i.iorned

aboul

. renl

.ffa

rs

shows thar

there

s sti immense

tairh

n

lhe

Ntegril

otlhe mass nrede

Ler

Sossjp

be

on to rhe

"b

b-

n

:

6

o. ,6,,6,

p p,

prpF..

.1

p9-,e..

o.--od

i.

re.og.

se

trrar

their

sole

purpose

of existence

is to

inlorm

nlt

make none

Ontv

then can we as

'erers

..d

r..Jers

be

Dropery

educ.ten

a.d

kept

p,to-date

02562

A.olher reasof

ytli

lhe

nass

mei a

has idileil ts

rorndin

prrcpes

rs

he facr

lh.t

pr€jrii.e

a.d

bi.sfess

er

sls

n(hef.rsoom

rAlier

ihe.ewsroom:s made

:

p.r

h m.is..d p/godlce

exists in every

hunjan,

fhis,

ha|9evet

daes

nat

cakd.ne

the undeniable trend.l

.rrsP..ei.rt.

es

and s pposed

y

nrorrr t e

lee/s on

trog€n,rres

bec.mrn .c.easi. l,r

o.c

s de.i Edcl nass

.rear.orloraroih.s

lsoi.. e.d.,..ounlonu.aleiy,

o .

.. ..9

bi\,

o d.

lhrl

cover

a

pc.ls

ci lrew

has

len ay

lo ttre

app.renl

y

 Leenl feed

to

flll l

ts ow. alenca

F:For

examp es, lhe

mer_ce,

olAmer..

Cnlne

and

Tne

\r ai-rer

(which. tns.

'

I

o

r"q"r'"

lo

online newspape.s)was

a

shrewd

bls

ness

decison, i

lcu

beliele

,rhat

't

,\'lE

and

the

vartous

c.ld

compan

es

vlere

propagar

i-rr

rn tire

e.n, rhe

rholsa.ds

who

be

eved

.

.ad

-

.a-

Fd,

,

dn.

bcr'lht

shd/es

.

tnc

parent

comFan , Time

ar.er.

osl

ther

m.ne

cr

lhe

si.c(

marketrhen

t

bec.me

cea.

-b

eeotng t..ar

at

po.r,lre

Amerca. rellsFapers lvhch p b

shed

hard

Ia.ls

abo l

raq

h€.|rg

weapons

oj mass desrrlcion

ro

.hun

up.ala.a

sm and slppofl lor

rhe rva.

n

traq

are

r

ow

efl

hrrgtug

lhelr

heads

i,

shade

as

llre so

.al

ed

'evdence

s evdenlly

m

ss.g ihe

readerslho ghllhar

lhey

rere

ae

n

nformed

abolt

qrourd-,breakirg

eviderce. ..

y

lo find oul

fow

lhal

th.

were a.rua 1

te.]

an

a

v/ild.gaase

chase.

rin

a

bd

to

9ah

respect

and admn3ton

i.am othe.

news

sources

and

pole.ti.ly

gain

ng rew

subscrbers.t

the same

time

m.ry

emp o\rees oi mass

med .

hale

siooped lo

ne\

ows

.;olrna

Cm erh

cs Lies

concoctjons

and

pagarsm

abo nd.Ths atest scandalto

h he

fiass

Inedia

industry

s

that concerning

The NewYo T

mes",

wdely.egarded

as the standard

to which

a

seri,.especing

newspaper

should

asp

re

io emu

ate.

Slttrecover ng iroh

lda.-

o

idro-eo..

o.o. di...c.

o ecr

..ade

p stories:nd

q .ta o.s

thal

slen made ihe

ircnl

p.ge

Th. Ner

York

l

oes

recei\red another

blolr when

naae lse

oi bul a n.ot c..C ct

Sho.k.nc

stupo.$ere

lhe

[ro

ma n

expressro.s whe.

peopie

earnl

ofrhe

sc.ndas

Such actions

hale bee.

knowf

to

exsr

among

rogue

jour.alisls

bltlor'The NewYork

T

m€s

to havc

.omm lted

the

card.a

slns

rv.s

unbe elabe

ETo

qel

the

E

F-e,haps

l. 5r an. riE

examp0s.lhe nler

no4

n.lr.l.s

a Brl

sh

*anrD,F

cons.q enly

,eru

i

lir

s

s

Fisese

exanr

es are

Lrs-

ditterenl

ssu€s

-

b.s

ness

ann

rar

Th s

stl

counG

:s a farjety

ol

suppoftng

trriie.

shows

h6r

c.mn.nd

.ttansrege

natjtst

h

tet

.ho,ca

oi

eipressrons, bur

a/so i,

lhe

ral

s/rd e.stj,

Doe

rnleres/irg

is

rhe

us-"

.dphr.ses.

l^.re:.nry

llr.

po(enla

.rlrcisinso,.

her

no.t

and lakes

p..ns

.autt-dt .tgunent

the

t..:k

al

a can.:Ltsia.

at lnking

.tgrn.nI

ne.nt

th.t

lhe

prl.graph

/osrs

i..u.r

ar

OAslnng

concius.n

hal

'lemonst.a(es

the wrler

s

possjbiy

roo

srron€

s lhe

sol€

purpose

of the mass

8/19/2019 Hwa Chong JC Bull

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O.e

savr the

decmaiior

otan

enl

re

gene€tion

ol

yoliq

me. in

Europe

Unbetievably

a

(emoelhan

lwe.ty

years

later

Wortd

War Two

heElded

(he

d.ooo

g

o

dloT

ooaos

o.

-o.l

ra

dno

Ndqr.,

.

a

rno/e llhiLh

fot

on

cta

med

rhe

ves

o

hose

present

bllwh

clr

\ oLr

d ma.n

the borlies

afd solls

oi

J.pafese

chidren yet

to

come. The n5tu.e

oflrar

lseti

haLl

clra.ged

n

tlre

hven eLh

cFnrury

Sevpf m ton

LiL

ans d

ed fWordWrrTwo

Thc..n.Fn.r,n

ho.ourabe

war

had died

at the

rLrin of

the

c;niury

and

,P_p.

"o{

t.

b-

iot..

o.

ra

-h.

tuentielh.eitury

das

bdrhed

il

otood;nd

it was

then thatwe

reatired

thal

wewere

not

thatfar

differenttrom

beasts

after

at,

. a.,

o c

dnq6

.

I

e

.

,-."a"-e

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r, olrgd

dc

-.oq,

o

e-o\"rZeo;no

was ihe

iiBt of€pproximaleyfiny

colnt 6s

ro

eventually gEnl

wonen

the riglrt

to vote.

Ccnrherc

a

.on

raceptio.

pi

5

a

so

aave

danr,

wonen

I

n {he

rc ,\jrex poad

o

.-

,F,

o

.nd

bodies,

efabling

lhem

10

decirle when

and

tito

Io. idd.. P6raioi

^Fl

d a

e 0-6

'...o.redo,

De

r,".o

or

-,

c'

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ric.

Unlled

Natois

n

an anempl

ro

gEnt

every

s na

e

person

a

deceni

standerd

oi v na

OThe

verv fabrtc

of

society

had been

rpped asLrnder

and was

s€wf back

iogelher

lo

accommodate

those

who

had once

beei

maEina

ized

or despsed

ndeed,

iowards

rhe

end

of

lhe

hventieUr

cent ry,

the Nelh€rtands

accorded

tolos"

-

co.or-s

+€

.

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^

pa

o

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\

' dr o-5rro

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tl

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u

a

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| 10lr

ro",

,ooo

l.e

-po.

..

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o,

eqJ:

I

ror

each

ande eryoie

llnlort nately.

many

deve

oping

counlries were

rendered lncapabte

offotowing

sUr. ctobaisalon

w?s

"

ro,

d"-.l.or

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b..,,erl,

o',-adrr

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i.o.

6.

r\.

e

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6

ooo.

90,

poo.p..

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rlre.al ra

resou(es

or th

d wortd

naL.ns

h.

rhpr

rnore

powedu

e

es resuled

n

a vicous

cvcL

or

po erly.

@The

renewed

interesl

n e.vib;menta

consetualo.

did not

he

D

ether

covernm.,anis

ih

deleoping

nations

m6y

ban

destructon

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',

. ,.,.or,,-

".-e.e.,at.o.

"",r.,".i

";

'unbel€ ably

io

conveyz

s€nse

oi d sapponlment.

app@p.iate

afl€r lhe

sr.ing

ach

elenents

in

the

pre.€dinq

The

concud

ng sentence

10

the

paEg€ph

not only

r€ fforces

this

opinjoi, it

inventive

y

(i

somewhat

SreFh

ca ty

)tnks

lhe

paragraph

io

ihe ierms

ofth€

O A

we

lcrafted

netaphor if

approprlab

y

placed

can

setoe

to

consolidate

seveE

exahptes

and

marsha

them

to

supporl

your

arcldenr.

li

you

do

choose

to

atlefipt

tlris

padicutar

st,

isllc inforaton,

r€nember

nol

lo hix

metaphors

For

exampledo

not

wrire,

The

rabic

or

socieiy,

rpped

apaft

now had

lo b€

9/r.6rback

O rlvas

an age

of

proaress.

Neler

had

hunr:n

civlizatio.

changed

as

r.pid

y

as

t.l

d

4r rhe

lweftrerh

-.11..

bo.

-F

e.

-

o

a..-11.

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n

the

fd.anFFlrr

rrol /00.1tot

416r.o

-4.onooo

c..o o tb

r

Foras prcd .rion

lnc

ni..iores@bro qhr

t re

.

o,"

o.n.:

j

t

:-tl

'"

-

S.d

y

hepr(e

orproqre5\

ts.on.,me5

murl

to.

ror

."(."oI",o

ntut

Cnaq:lC2

9Fqttdrt

t:nE t,

za)r

A\lrEqrtt:tDu,1ttil.,$

nlr

cia's

lt

2

t)j

tft,\

r:,p

t, )iar-

luitulj.rEoLTTNJC'rS

1.2a'I

was,th.e

besi

of

times

ir

wzs

ih6

worsr

of

timos.,,

Comnenl

on

this

sssessment

ofthe

last

certury

3ll:,:::r:9 :

-",1€r

forov6

both

an$ erthe

same

qleston

Howe e..

as

s

:^"S::'"t::T:'l".:::i::.":,

'hcy

adopr

rarher

d

ire;;r

app,*".r,*

t

*

,,p"a_ii"

€memberrhar

ii,s

up

r.

yo

ro;ecrde

wh:r

.,h".";aj;;,"p';;i.;",,i;;i

il"

O

.

sde ran

rq

bur

e.18,

re..an

nlrcdu.

of

Nolr.e

how

rhe

ar .r

manJces

10

dei

w1r rho

reau

rempnj;

drhe

queston

by b3

ancirg

her

cohm€nts:

ltwas

a.

ageot

progress.

Yel

rwes:so

an

@

The

Mter

succncly

makes

lhe

postulElion

llral

n

spile

ot

al

ma.kind

s ach

eveme.ts.

hs

essenta

n:lurewil

always

p

aoue

an :ssessmenr

ni

c iizal

o.

An tnsiahl

lke

th

s.

lld.veope

as

a rh€me

or

the

ess:J

wl.orlrbure.Fr

Lo

s

mefll

  t

<

lemphng,

rn.n

elsar

ol

rhs

nalure

10

frerey

rs

para €ph.

the writer

h:s

laken

pairs

ro

show

lrow.elotul

onatu

e€ch

dlscovery

and

nv€nljcn

(as

€a.h

e amlte

sloLpen

{

lh

a .amtrren

sh

rlr

hrqh

qh

5

 

Aply.hos€i

d.rds.an

convey your

.hl de

rowards

1r;e

eleih

/ou

dDscrbe

Tlre wrl..

@

Nore how

the

wrt€r

slates

an

exampl€

and

then expta

ns how

il

ilust.ales

injustce.

Erampes

should

b€

e

n

Ihis rashion

not

merey

isled

as

ifthe

pont

lhey

make

s se l

ev

denl.

8/19/2019 Hwa Chong JC Bull

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)n:n

crnv,1a.9?

r,til'n

ka )

2(D r,tt.\.nj. ELjlfrr|t\ra:\

xM

i:n,i

ji:2

q?

4irLtitli

rritr

i,

?r0

r-,ni,i,.l]i_11ao

rn ?

1r

.

..jrl.ss

ner..ril.ls,

s .h.s ri.

e.m ty

b.rlJee.

,,ar:lar

a..ln.

a

s:

a

lh-ea

oda .

enc c

.:s

nr:r. r. .EF rb

.: rs

neu

ireed

reooe.. rrr

e-.r

.lnerr....iJ.

ollhe

r

rew.

.deFc..ie.lst res

.d ..1

r

I :s

cen . r.Ftorn

.en ry

- 5

t r

lEinl-

e

sjsas1.Fr

n.t,dnjrFon

l" ."o"

e.eo

n

 .nsi

.er:L:l

,rter

as 2n

nd re.i.esponse

to rhe

rhre.l

 'r.r Tre' nd

rq

or$e

lnrled Narions (UN)

iN .( r

lie

l .r. V/.rd

fiars

{as

a

trecedent

r

n]a[

:r.. .i .

.La

€iron

lowards

[ord

pe3ce

a.d

.tar

t/

a:itlndolbiedi .

(he

UN ts

sr

I

far fronr

oede.t

.rd f..n.r

ls..rcepicf

has

h.r.

bee.

ire;.f

..1;,.1

iiiF h.

C.i \ .ra.d nrcre

recerty

rhe

L

dae

Ea5r Ooer.l

cns

iri.

te

Jlsrrce

an

raq Freedon

nol

lo

f;r.flion

re.r

of3 lens

ons

. the [1dd

e Easr

as

wc

s I

L:r lcrr

a f.ie

Nofetheless

the

UN

has

ndeed

'ain.r--d

lh.

1.b.

conrnr nity or

a

path

t.

Jtop

a

-

a)

de

nr:rni..r

be

rrere

yel

or elen

ctose

blt

be

e .

:re

h..ned

|

(Fe

rghl

dtrection

OThe

wars

ard

broc.sfeil

i'lhe

last.entury

may have devastetcri

c r

r1.r.

inrl.l

lie

sam.l

me

the lr. eCrlen src.rake

s

t..r

aps

ore

of the best

lh nqs

we.an toa:(

iotuard

to

','M.r

r ._

to the

economc sce.e

rhe

astce.{1ry is

.r;r:.1 nzed

b

mass nd slra

zaron

rheexpan:o.oi

:n.

f

.,8 ma

er.ld

ar overa

gr.vlation

lclrards.

 

ob:,s.r

Llora

-lenry

Ford s

relo

liona./ narslra

nolr

es tr.rsfomed

Anrencas

ia.C

evenlla

y

the

r .rl

s)ec.nomt

brfllnllwtr

I skyrockerng

f

.au.: r:i

eles

and

arge

s.a e

.restmen(.

Th

s

r:s

ro:

I ihr.rt

its

iia4ge6.

horleler

as we

saw

roo.

ear

y

'rl-.

Greea

Dep.esslon

oitne

1 3Cs

Lale.on

l1r. Co.l

r'ln,

p

tled the

iiee

market aga

nst lhe commlf

sl srate

..

...

.

a.

''''

'9"

o'

nra

ket

n.r

ferE

t. stay

ll cperen

p

ren.rkabte

 :s

Lt ff ,/ .onea

F.ss

b lestorlabolrexpotat r

;.d

.,i-.1.

si..fl.o

SrNowh€re

else

is

rhe

s.y

h

tL

,

rd

or.

r4o

s op\

Lo

dr4r)

Loi-

rq

,erF/rat

,,

t.c

cash drivan

world of indrsiry

and

internatjo.a

lr:de:

ihe

significant

changes

in

the

asl co.tury

hive

granled

s vast

potentia

lo meet

need,

and

.x..

enler.nple.f h. 1

r.rr

maY b.laice

youress3

Fro.r

a bro:der

perspecr

e

11rs

P .aeraph

Lhr

ngs

a

b.3rced

p€rspe.lr.

as

rt

aea

s

wfth

huii.nrys

noL\

esl ofnneitons

i

respond

na

r.

the

rhre.l

of

*arlhal

h.s been

d s.ussed I

tfe

PG.€d.g

pamlraoh

Tlr:

counlerweighl

to

lhe

beak

plctur. pre ously

pa

nlea

human

ly

shou

d

pace

.

the

UN

s. nd ng

nalve

n hs ena

ys

s

itThs

par. GFh

b

lds

up.n

rhe

balanced

perepe.lve

esl3b sh,.d

i

lrre.re

ous.nP

oca

peop

e

a.az

ban.ec

osq

nq .

ls

lhe rd,roresl

d e lo lle

decrn.(on

ot .rgc

anrounls

of

rhe

.cosystem.

Yei

nruch

otrhe

rdama e

was

c. sed

Lry

d

"

..",...

,o"

t

rr

LeLlre

r

n. I

..m

nonp

a.e

ind

m.

no be

fi.

el

rs

orq..lfrFp ,,F.s h:r.brred:n

It.

. .r

e,f

e

, n

.

h.r

r:r

;qr.r

m.s

lo,

a

r

a.

dLJ.

ci lc(

b c so .oi

TfoLorr

ie L.n .Frpr

"{.,^."0""

 n

rre q.od

rh-i

o f.@decFsso6

hr.

e

done ..,1

efsdre

th.l

e do

no:.omm

I ltr€

same mistakes

Tne.

Perli.s.

\e c.n

ookba.k.nd..

lre

rvrerteth

.e.1ury

a

rme.ihop..

o

ca

:n.l rhcrlrrl'r

n

1d

al

 2S72

I

2b

"lt

was

the besl

oitimes,

il

vas

ihe

worst

oftimes.

Commonlonthis

assesshenl

of

the

tast

cenrury.

:h:

wrter

lLrns

3.

.hi

.,..

,rrli/.lrse

aii.r

rboll

lrre

i.lure

of

_o.b.

5alrcn ann

econ.m. b-oiFll

iil

Hr

iiqi

am . s

an

app..prale

a

r

of

,hymin

wods

(

.ecd

ana

li€ed

)1.

drv€

lrome

his

p.

11

OMaf

y

.fl

.nrra:

w.

rers

and

th

nke6.

sone

orea(er

tha.

olhers

veddlrnqtre

astce.t tu

or;acF

.

o

op6

.q

ro.c.

.

."

o r .,"

.;

e."

'1"

r

\a<

a.enllq

oi

tr. .dLre.^ n. d;L

L, Fn

,.n

..-'"'"''o-dg1ao.J.'.

...11

alo

oreor

srei

rh

5 hodr

rrue

ror

vr.fua 1r

eien

1€;

of

h;ai

ende:

o

tr

|

he

lrer

ce

tlr\,

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r ,,

..

bd

rerp..,q.o

,id.L

6.

f

alolio::d .e

i.c..L{

hoLl rcC

re.son

oo.

riore

oeooe

weie

r;

"d

.

rlrF

Frsr.ro

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l,\ord

\ ab

rhan

:l

.re.Ednq

tr.E

. history

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.

..,"d

J

a..

.

,.a

/D- ro

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e

.r

r_11

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Vo(

".or

d

o

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pe

b

Gr.dh

n

.L

r

eNd

nq

re

t n.,

oj \rrFqjF.n

:" :

","

d

L4 ...

al

O n this

essa,

lh

rrle

ras

accural€

y

idenled

iie:.ur.rl

cflhe

quole

He

qces.l

lo use

ths nrorse

of

ifomrar.i

efioclvey

craftng

I rt.

r

rcl€vanl

obsetoaron

thar

slggesls

Ihll

the..h ev€m€nc

ol the

lastc€nt rycan

b.

attribuled

lo lts

wr(ers

and

O

&

O hay.pteario

De dslrn.t

exanip

es

suppc.tng

lhe

cbseivaton

lhat I has

beer a

wa.torn

century N. €ver

rh.

wileriras

goi€

on. st€. iunher

lak ng

painslo

shoL

lrorore

confl

ctmay

spain

elen

r.F

aggressicf.

n

so lon ihe

€x.mp

es

lusnab

lhe

poir

salsfacl.riy.

Bul

used

nlhs

m€nner

rh€y

dehofslr.l.

a

8/19/2019 Hwa Chong JC Bull

6/28

111ra

Ctanll

JC2

etArnxin:

kjE

J, )Aot

jjtNo'tlft:tDEx11F"aa.l:

oi

people

s

so

s

0Slmtarty,

technologca

.dvancements

I

the ast

cenl ry

made many

s

mpie

lasks sjmpLerio,

everyday

liviis

Conventence

ndeed,

but at

the

price

oi.omperence.

The

ast

c€ftury's

dependence

on technology

nade many

peoptel si

that

-

dependent

and

nable

lo

lhiik ior th€mse ves.

Co.c

svey

we and

that lhe lasl cenlury

was fdeed

boih ihe

besloitimes

aid

the

worstoitimes

02s6A

F

Pad

ofthe cha

enge

otthts

essay

queslon

tay

n

the dscussion

ofexireme

assessmeits

("best

aid

wo6l

)

Berow

are some oiher

previous

A

eve

questions

thai i. ove

a s miar

chalenqe

Howwould

you

deatwjth

ea.h

quesron?

a) A

feoitotal

r

ry-dreamornohtmare?

{2O1]O)

b) dea ism

briigs dis

lus

onmentireatisrn

brngs resu

rs

,

Discuss

(2000)

c)

Fumai be

nss have

lilimiled

desires,

bLrl i;iled resources.

rs iposiOlero

reconcile

the ido?

(1998)

d

'F

'

.

'rd

'r.etag."arec

opoeo..er to.6,-eea\t

.ot-p

8.

"'F

Fr

-

ro

.oF-

t

r

-,-a

rr.

d5.e>.-6r.r..,-e

too-

e)

'rJercy

kiling ls

not

mercr : t

is

murder' D

sc ss.(l993)

a,,res\Yer

d

Ai-ttrq\+

ir

Lov{.i\r

ar\

€

{

{l

rlr

h

ntlr

Cnara

JCt

tjtp

ttlat

t:jt

t, 2aB-\1${orr1qEor"fi,rAO_j

Iteed,

Ioday

as we

sr.nd

o.1he

verae

oia

aobat

econony,

we

€n

$e

the s

gniicance

oithe l;t

century

;":rJfl [:*"

whelher

t is

for beflerorworse

ony

' rdr

.alrqdrd

";-".""';':

;,;;'"',tt,,,

t'1-

8/19/2019 Hwa Chong JC Bull

7/28

jl-lr

t:tht

(.

91'

;Etlitu

r: r

).a-1

-jt\ \1\'t:t.t :tt

r:JrlrlLf;

0rln

tlre

scenaro

pa

nled

ber,o.e

perh.ps

the

siateme.t

would hold

Irle

nol

knowi.g the iie

he

ls

m

ss

n o 1 .n

ollsld.lh.

wa

rs

olris

vra.d

m.y

aiford the ma. Jre

rha.ce

ic k,aep

hls

blissf:

.ess

H s con.e.n,s

rer.

m:y

be

ic .

.oit€.lneir

c.mes

easiLy and he *. d hara neel

riy.-es

el

BNt

perh.ps

it

is

s

table to

nov/ l r.lo

ri.

4lderc.rterloi

g.orance

in

the

eleryman

s Lfe

koiledge comes io

s

I

many iorms,

be

11

bas c

leracy,

dis.overnlta sclentic

lrulh c.

a religlols

o.e. or €a zln

thal ihera

s

so m ch to know

that cne does not

et

know.

lre

irunan

being is

a

creature

lh

rsiy ior

knowedge

qEve

.tethe

hr)l

tanthe

fahid.len iee

of knawledge

af

gaod

a.d

etl

and

n.nt

then an.narkrrdt

hlsio,l

has

bee, r

..t.t

endina

arest

lat k..wle.Jqe,

.J

allkin.js.

.r

s

pe/haps

. this I

r

n

F.e to

k.ow more

to be less

r .orart

ih.l

som.one

londered

on the

ill

ily of t,

..

Jr'.

.b

B o-oooi

Alrholgh

the

e.d

ess

purs

t of

knov/ledge the

nab

ty

to

3e

I sat:sled lh the

(.o{ledge

llrat o.e has

.af.ot

5e

,lescr

led as

b

ss

nether can

gfo.ance

That h m.f

. ii23ton lras

evolved lo

tjr

s

p.

ntwrere

edlcation

and

terac\r

sso

mpoian

to one

s

slri a

makes

(

iper.t e

l. rea

ze :hal

tre

ca..ot

h de

nder

these

fetr rords

a

rd

ne.Ce.ever 1. be

mo.e :han

, norant

fi

lf the

sl.ang

ch dren

oilhe lh.d

word

natons..n

b.

e.ab

ea lo mprove

lhe r

les wtlr llera.y

.nd a.

.r afeness

lh.t

lhere a.e ihlngs they

can do fcrer.mpeto

preve.t

certa

N d seases

why

sho d

they

be a

lc$ed

ro

.

o. n

blissnr

igforance oilhe

r

f tle deaths?

The.e.re

lrrose

ri. ar eiora retlritoihe

smperile

wtholrthe

.omplcatons cf modeiniy

and

Drcoress

b r

ihe

resl

ssle

s

not

rr'lrelher or not.re

should be

happierwith

orvr tholi

a.ompurer

crte

evsLon se1, b t

llhetler

n

aliain

g

tirose

.cmf.rts

(lhrolgh

knowedge

and

n e.tion),

ne ose

somEtn

f:

thar

l.s there beior€

t

s mcrc aboul

.arei

y

tread

ng

the

oalh

beiwe€n

na

lete

af../N.isn lhe

s

mpelcJ,

of a

fool

s nor

d.sirabe and irence al most on

y

sLperlica

y

b ssiu,

bll

rh.

one eho

s eade.

dowll

vr

lh lhe

woi ht

of

k.owledge

so:s to be cy..a

.an

hard

y

des re

a.y happ ness trom

r

n

elher. Perhaps I s

hard to lnd

lh.t area r-behraen

wiere

one can be

happ

aboul knoy/ ng

lei

conien(ed n

not

knovr n

al,

blt

t s

mpodanl to take

lh.t

l6t

step

oul

pro..ss

:soaerin.is

irr:

nu

Ll,

,tja,

iliorrrii

l):at ),

))aj

jj,J,.o'it1t:)::.r.,,tj.tjj\j(:i:

1 3

"rgnora.ce

is

b

iss. Do

yo

agree?

-. d.

o

d

..Pe.,.o

J op-

-.

o- d

a

tij

H. ever,

ilrs

s ncl

a.

e.s

essat

l.

r

ndersrand. One

d

i'i. liy

m

ghi

ire her

E.g a te

llhict

Dakes use

ofvery

conFtex

s€ntence strucr res.

He.ce

),.Jf

ght

ls oflhe ess. wh

cf ere

no(

mmediatey

ccmprehe.sibte

ir

llncran.e;s

b s3. o rc

rhal mp

rhat know

edge

.ni

rngs

pa

n, and tnar

attthe know edgs

being mpart€d

lo the

yo .gcr

eneralon

ihrough

schoos these

days

s blt

another

loppin

clsuiferng

to oura

ready

not too happy

i

d B.

e pe q-odrF

roll sl nol

kio$ing

t

s €aty a

{d bio sty

btssf

)stale

lA

ady sl.nd

nq ortsde

on.

of the

llards

ar

lhe

n.nla

hospna

may look

tn

o.

o.e

of

ls

patents,

a

30

leaFo

d

lrcwn p playng,tlr

some

loys

He has the

,nenla

ty

oi

3

leaFod.

bul

hes

happy,

ob

vious to the

'

Ial.,

,

.e

ee

o

q

.lo

-^

d o

"

qio.iF.o..

lrTh s

ls

one of lhe

maf contexts n

whrch

people

are

Fcren

lo ihi.h that

igrora.ce

ca.

be blsstu,

blr

petnaps

'n o d

.o

-

e90.

I ssiu

can

he not se€

lhe symparhe(.

ey€s

otthose

who

'-

D-

-.1 ./-

l.

gbb,-

D .o1.

iHe

ioo can.ol

be

ving

n

the

\olatblss

oi

ignorance

of

his be

ng diflerenl.

can he? There

are

tmes

when

it

is

worth

pondering,

hovr' lgnorant

m s1one

be beiors

a

pa

n

and

.

.od6J

.r.,

g

h.

,..e.

e

ir

Fd

o

o.:.oo

eo.

:

arhere

s or.rol

nersof coud

be so ignora.ias

to

fot

be aware

oflhe

larols

pa.s

lhis

word

lffl cts

on

s.

Pe

aps

I

s

6n

esse.t

a

Fart

of llnan

cxrstence

be.9

abe

to ieeln

ore

'"

"1

0

e

_

.

the issle

n re

atile lerms,

whether

or.or

bei.g

g.or..t

.lorls

on--

lc

iead

a h.aper

tfe

Otlere :lrewrler

m.k.s a

irk

beN€€n

h.r

pr.i. s

kio*eaoe fraf

rcl

ead lo

E

Aqa.. th€ w.

ter

makes

lse.f a

o.d

ersnrpe

lo

(tThe

srrer

5e ins

rllr

a

abstracl ..n..pts

(s ctr

as

g.crance

) /or

dal,:e€d

s.eiaio the

w ter

qEbs

lhe

6llertion

of

her reaaer

Nowever, she

ioves

oi

1o

her.rglnrefls

(.

)Ih

s s

essenlallo avod mln

8/19/2019 Hwa Chong JC Bull

8/28

rlir

ari.,,j

jar

a,r,nrrililf

tstt

)

lt)al

; \t\.c4j1tJt

t)a(f.ttj1a.i

liuct t4laz

c|EtlLhr

kjn

),2r1tt

jttnt],

tDE;tf.nnats

lrll be

i]]

lhose who argle

ihal

t s

p.e.sey

su.h

lnovredge

thal we

want io

aloid.

tial

know cd e and

..nspin.y

olth

s so.l

s

wrrai leads

to wars a.d nor.

sur,-ern O 10 wh clr

lwollc

have 10 say thatw.rs

an.t

.orflicls

occur whelher

o.

rol

tnere s

this k.o{reaS.

and

iv i n

the

r.alrord reqlnes

s

to recognize thal

k.owleCle

is

mporlart,

O lf

not more

bjssf

rhan

gnorence.

whch do€s

-azd

Io

pa

n

and slfier ng.

ihe

djd

L

(o

tcia

l norance,

tire only siaie

rvh

ch might

possibty

afiord

tota

b

ss

{no

one can

knlvr

ior

surel

becalse

ir .na

b-anls

neei

to know 3.d li is

a need thai

wiibecom€

apparcni

I our rnteracton wth

others. whetherwe

le t or

noi Yet,

allholoh

lgnorance

s not btrss happiness

ts ioln.l

I olher ways, a.d

whether knowedge

leads to.yncism

or

a. Nnde.stand

nq

oi

ourwo

d ihat ca. aiford

momenis

oi

blss,

js

a natler ofpersonalcho

ce

Perhaps rhe

reaslr

vrhytaded

aduts ook upon lhe I

innocent.hild.en

cr oihers

.

o r socieiy,

wh seem happ

er

tha.

them, wth envy

and

nruller'lgnor.nce

sbiss

is

bccause

rhey have

ioGotien

n

gar.

ng

knowledge, that lhey

too ca.

be brssf

tn

other

wals

A

And n say.g

those

words, ke the rady

oltsde

lhe rvard. ls

rhere

.ol

a

tinge oi symparhy

ard atso

oi

gforance

a

Thal

kno$

edge

br.as

cyni.ism rs

oo..

o

..

]1-

do

o.

"

 

ir.

o'c

.ot

.

o- .o.

o.e io

be

weara/

oftrlmdr

rea

of5tr

ps

.nd

.

manr'

cases

not

knowt.g

aboll

lhe

comi

caliofs

seem lo

5 jqe5

Tore

b

ss

. BI:gr

|

,

rhajnor

or

r:od'.b aL dao.o. pd a

o.

-

rr

. s

a€

wonh

lnotr

n9

abcui

t.nlr;s

pad

or

re

e

.erencF

oT

I

fg

aj

rn nle€.

r

lrum.n hF

.q

tlrankflhess

thal

yo

are removed

trom thal sr6le

oibissf

gnorance?

Perhaps

lhat

is

lhe clearest

demo.slrat

o. rhat

most do

.ot

ir

y

agree thal

ignorance is

btss

Teh

ShiNing

.c

oo

so

io.

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backloyourar menta.d

wrier

reilerales

he.lhes

s

looethff

al

heraGumenls

belo@

add

ng lina iood for

though(

Remember,

your

.on.lusio.

shoud

nol

be

r

mere summary

l shoud

te up

your

na n

po

nts and

skucturng

of

reblna

s

lk

0.cknovrledg€

lh.l

lrr€re

atemplto

nk back

1o h€r

llrst scenaro

-Th

s s

one

a The

r: ier..,

e{panJs

heraroas

lo

in.

d-o.iher

for-s

of kn.r

eioe

a.rd

iro,n

lrr.

pJr

3caCetr

.

dev€

opnent

oi.rqumeit

ihatlhesl:l€ne

lma

ti

vald

heE

bulronls. t

nlei

genterF,a.son.f

her

.ontenl

arer pckfg

u.

on

p.

itca

and

intemaiion:

concepls

oi

jgnnrance

aic

oopnquestiorsd-o

o

'e,rroe.(t

,o

o

q

es,o

oo,.^e.,oien

reqlirn9

some

k

nd

ciphllosophica

dscussion

yo

musl

be very

c ear

in

your

 nderslanding

and erpression

oi

abstract .on.epis

to attempt

such

q estions

Carei t

'orlaN

zaiion and

a

well-dc'ined {hes

s

staiement are

essenta to

make sense ot

yo r

essa\,

n

genera

,

t.J/ln an open

qlesliof

s nol

recommended.

Below are some

exanpres

ofopen

olestio.s

ircnr

lrcvtous

A ele

q .slions.

E)

s

teiiy

rilary

everpossbe?

(2002)

b)

D

scuss tire appea,.n(]

tlre

dangers

oi at.npt n

t.

pred

ci the

i rL'e

{2001)

c)

Dc

arcunrefts

e er

settle .nything? (19S9)

rl

ocnsjderthe

a e in

re

ofpLaniiig

(1996)

.i

cc.side,

ihe impcrtance oisteep (1s93)

il fte

pace

f.oolr

in

everyd.y

ie

(199?l

t1

8/19/2019 Hwa Chong JC Bull

9/28

ltar

ctonu c2

QaBa.n

lnt),zaat

4ssltj

r.d ced

io nolh

ngness wh€n attacked

by a modern computer.

n

iacl

a

coser

consideration oithe

semantics

jnvolved

here eads to

an

insight,

a conLpuierwas

oiglna

y

desgned

to complie,

and this rema ns

iis

Sreaiesi

srrenglh

p nli

.ow The

.or.plter

has

a so to some

peopl€,

becorne

a

lling brealhlng

ihlng

an

ndispensabe

.orpan

on

p3.1y

due

to

ils

personalisalon

by l

crosoft

wh

ch

efables

user-compuler

re:Uonsh.s

to

become

more nteracive

One.an

rveak

ihe

deskrop

change the scree.

$allpapei

.ra

basica

decorate the

compLrler screen as lhough

oie

were design ng

tie

jnieror

ol

frcuse

ln

ihesehays

rhe.omputer

s brrqing a huge

9an

tcorrtives

nHorever

pe.haps

the rnost s€doLrs

prob

em associated wth

complters

is a

Dreakdown

or

a r

social cornmunicat

on.

Electronlc

malafd

chaiproqrammes

are so

conlenient

that they

are

very

olch

preferred

over the

l€ditionar

sna l mail' that is,

lrandwriilen

eters

and the

nol-so-traditionalleephone

call TrLie

itmlghibemore

c.nvenienl

Yet srch comrnun

catof s alrnost d€voirl

oi

personallolch

-

in everyday

Ia.e-to-face

conrmunication, on€ can see the other

person's

facalexpressions

and can

sense the

v

b8s

generated

by

th€

otheas body

anguage

ln sna riai, there is ai eas( the

pcrsonale

ement

of

handwriing:in

teephon€

conversaliofs

there

sllr€voce.

Whai

abolt

e

€crron c mail afd

chatlnes?

The

besl

ailenrpt

at showing emotions is to Lrse

Ieeb

e

co'nb

n

at

ons of typog

raphjca

symbo s to form

'emot

con s

,

or

'emoule

icons

Th-.se

and other

aspects

oionlin€ communicalion he

p

to cr€aie

a

lalse froni, For

eNamp

e

o.€ may

type

althoLrgh one may

notfee

in the least bii lke

ra gh

ng When

personal

.ommlnicalon

degrades in th s manner, when barcades are

plt

p

betveen

peope

and

everybodywears

doLrblelayered rnasks, the

situation

s ipe

for

mis nderstandlngs,

which

ran

only lead to rnor€ slrife. Thls may, in fa.l,

be

the

qreatesl

bane

ollhe

Dersonal

compuler

Foweler,

one disadvantage does not

elimin:t€ nrut

ple

advanlages. 1ls not

dilicuit

lo

notice tlrat th€ computer hss

pe&aded

and lntruded

inio

our daily llves to a very

:rge extefi

I s

much

mor€ difcu t lo say

lhal

it has b.oLrght more

pa

n

than

ga

n

to

mank

nd

as ts

beneflts

are so

diverse and

iis

dlsadvantages

comparaiively niniles

mal

A bas

c sense

or

se

i-d

scloline can colrni€r any or

alloi

the m:jor

negalve

efiecis

ol

compltars However.

ih€

mode.n

complter

is

sUll

a

rcc€ni

invenlion, only

aboLrt

ten

yeaE

oo

so as to

uhat

the

i lLf€

hoids in store iorlhe complie. and ts

reaiionship

with

mank

nd

we

w

iust

hlve

tc

wail and

se€

Sean

L

p

102332)

UNIT

TWO: ESSAYS

2.1

lUore

paln

lhan

ga

n'

,

ls

this

a

reason.ble

comnr€nt on the role the

personal

computerhas

played

in ourlives so

rar?

Li This essay

has

a

good

inhoducUon

w th the

wrters

sland an the ssle

ceary

slaiea

Exanrine

the

way

the wr ter draws

lhe

reader

nto lhe .ssay wilh an

insightl l lse cl

ii.-

L.

o^

co96

rtr

These

paragraphs

cois der lhe benents

oi.ompulers

dernonskati.g

w th

a

wealrh oi

erampes

why

our

ves have clranged

for

the

beile.with

them

l

These

paragraphs

cois der tire other sde

oitite a.g men(,

how computers da.ot

aways brng

qa

i

Pay

specialatteniion

to

tlre

writers

rernarks after he

presents

ihese

argum€.ts

Do

yoLr

think he ls

efiective n

oifer ng a balanced

vewwtrtte advanci.g

lr s

Th€

earl€sl

precLrsor

io

our modern

compul€rwas

a

machne

devetoped by

Cha

es Babbage more than

a ceniury

ago

Here

forthefirsttime wassomethng

ariijcial

and

absollr€iy

nof,h rnan

n

nature

that

colrd man

puLate

iig .es and sums,

showing thal

lt

possessed

some

semb ance

oi

human lollc

atbe t ot the most i ndamen

ta

lind The

personalconrputer

we

us€ taday

is

otcoulse,

mit ons

oftinres

nrore

sophisilcated than ihe

adding machines

ofold and has shaped

modern tife to a

greater

exienllhan w€

are

o rseves

aware.

On the

whole

arn

inclned

to think that

o r

tives

are

betlerwlth

the

lnlroducton

oflhe

persona

computer

than

withoul

ri

n

iact, the benefils

lhal

accrue to

s

ouhvegh

the

polenta

d

sadvanlages ofthe machin€

ATake

Ihe lntemel iorexampe

Wih

I, one has access to

r.ore

tnfo.maiion ihan

would

be

provided

by a lwenty vo

roe

sei

oi encycopaedias,

not

to mention th€ new

g

obaldeveopments

ihat

occuffed

lusr

m

nutes

ago

And thar

ts noi

al:

rhere is a

constant

pielhora

oitre€

games

with \rh ch one can amuse

oneseti,

bils

can be

pad

at lhe

clck ofa

mouse

and online a .iians

car be

hed

ln

a

singte

word:

conv€r €nce.

FrYetwth

allgood

thiias

pro.rised

by

ihe

lntern€t

ther€ neverth€Less exists a

constant

skeam oi

deirltus

in

the io.m

of

ndeceni

photog

raphs

(which

ar€

now

sta.dard

viewing

for

a

arue nu

rn ber oi chi dren

be

ow th€ age of twelve, thanks 10

the conventence

oi

the

hl€rnel), do-llyaurself

suic

de tips and techniq Lres ihe

alesi

guides

on how to

nvade

anolhers

prvacy

and

so

on

Complaints by

parenls

that lhe

r

chitdren speid too

much ume

chatung wilh theirirends

on ine a.e a so

pr€la

ent. Blrlhose who condemn

computers becaus€

oJlhis are mlssing the

poini.

Dislracrons snd

bad fillences hare

aways exsled

even betore the

advenlof

the

computer, and

ir

has atways

been the

responsib

ity of bolh the

parent

and

ch

d

lo

keep rhe chjtd away

trorn such

praclces

riris

has been

an age-old

prccept

so why

blame the c.mplter?

Qleady,

iithere

ts one

part.l

the

personajcompller

llral

smoreofaboonthanabane.

i

is

the lnternet

aThen again

there

s

a

lot

more

io

the

persona

complrer

than

lre

tnterne{.

Documenls

can b€ ch rfed out

in.eat

fonts

elirn nating the

problem

ol nreadabl€

handw

lng. tulasters olthe

art

of

programm

n9 can

sei the

compurerto

periorming

a

compLex

ser

es

oicalcLr

arons,

so

much

so

ihat

some olthe most

d fficull mathemat..

ca culaUons

so m ch so thal

some ofthe most diifcLrll

mathematical orob ems have been

objeclions but does so

oblqrely.ather

than

directy

Do

you

lh nk the

conchsion

de: s

w

th

tte

c

alms oi

th

e

pen

lltimate

paragraph

we

?

Or

do€s it

sdeslep

tfe

lssue?

YoLr

co d lry \rrltrng a concl son

ihat

bolh answers the

objeclons lhat

have been ralsed and

.inrn\s the

wrters

posilion

llrat compulers

b.ing

mo.e

ga

n

than

pain

t-

Belowaresomeolherprevo sA-eve

q esl

ons llral nlove discuss ng the

eJJects

ot

comp lers. How

wo ld

yo

dea wih eaclr

queslo.?

a)

compLrter

games

have

great

appealbui

iitl

e

value."

lsthis€raircomnenl?(1995)

bl

Eleni a

ly.

compuiels wllla

ow

peope

to

work from home

ls ihis

desirab e?

{1992)

.)

Hoyr can modern

technoloqybe

sed loaid

earnlng

in

s.hools?

(1988)

l5

1'1

8/19/2019 Hwa Chong JC Bull

10/28

Jlbd

Cnant

JC2

EcBrttitlt

IKt

t,

2a

--45Jltt

higher

paying

and

more

olamourous

iob

This was wh e his

chiLdren

were torced to

eal

insbnt

nood es

daily

This man is noi alone

forwe

freqLrently read

tn the

newspapers

or

prckylobless

worke6

refusing 10

dolobs ihat are benealh their

dign

ly

tndeed, the

unwrtten

base

ne for

ai

acceptablelob

seems to b€

diving

iaxs

OA

gene.ation

ol

s ch weak-wiLed a.d i.iexib

s

peop

e

w

on

y

spe I disasrer io.

Singapore

The

r

chldrcf

wtlsufler as

ihey

srlbbornly

reiuse to t.ke p

jcbs

wh n lhe

..urlrys

ecoionry

wllslffer

as

th€

u.ernpioyment

prob

€n

wrllprole

a

iolgh

n t

to

crack

This

s

a

temb e consequence

of rapid economic deve

opment

prod cng

a

leneial

on

ofp€op

e who do nol know

hadship

3nd thus a.€ unable to adapt

1o

ltwhen

r

strkes.

There

s

no

easy so ution to this

problem

a nd the nrost worry ng thing

sthatthese

people

we hale

been crticisng

aretLrst the first batches

oitheir

generation

Thercarea

rol

ols

rnllar

rir

nded

people

who willenterthe economy

soon and

ir

s a huge worry as ro

how lhe w be able

io

support the ageing

poputalon

tfbad economic cond tions

perstsl

or

strike e\ren more terr bly

Second

y,

be eve that

S ngapore is worse

ofdue 10 the education

porrc

es

thai

sh

e has

rnp emented

n response

to tlr e rapid econom

c deve

opment.

O

r

ed caiton

po

cv is stream

lfed

(owards

creating

a

nucleus

oiab€

and

prodlrctive

workers

io

irn

the

srngapore

economy and maintain

our

prosperiy.

The

r:pidit),

oJ oLrr economtc

developme.t

mak€s

lhis essentia

and lhus lo

us

every

sl dents

represe.ts

lila

resource

poiential.

He or she musl be

no

d€d to

ft

lhe

colntrys

needs

As such. we

have

deveoped

slreaming

programmes

Iwo or th.ee

comp

sory

.al

onal examjnations ana an exlremely heavy work oad on

sildents.

often,

students

have to

stldy many

slbjects and in nearty

a I

cases,

they have tiiite

say

n

wh

ch ihese

subjectsare Despit€thewderangeof

O'anC

A

Leve slbjec1s, we

choose on

y

lre

ones Ihat

are economlcally

Lrseful

lo offer Io silde.rs. Tlre

end

p.odlcis

of

aL

this are very

slressed stLrdenls,

a

ncdence

cfmyopia in

yoLrng

ch tdren

and wo.st of

a

.

stereorlp

ca

dentica

Singaporeans.

I

s

ihese Slngapo€ans,'cut

ftom the same

coth

,

which

are

a

bg

probt€m

ro th€

nalon

Yes. they

are

good

and

produciive

worh€rs,

prcncenl

n Eng tsh, wirtr

backgro nd

kiowledge

ofmalh€rnatcs

science and the hlr.an

ites aid specia

sation in

eco.omtca

y

rsefulareas

like

eng

ne€rin

or

phys

catscenc€

wh st

hardworktng ard obed

entove.a

l

However,Ihey

lack

the

dynamsm

and

creativiy needed

n

a

fasr

chanoina econonry

today.

Tlrey

aretoo usedlorefening

toih€jrbooks

and

fottowngnxed

fomats

These

peop

e wi

bccome naUona leaders

some day and lt does

notbode

wet

for rtre

naron

ri

ler

leaders

are nrere

by

Ihe-book"

characters

Th:s

policy

ol

p .s

.g

a

vsry

specilc

modet

oJ the ideal

S ngaporean has

alje.atcd

lhe

ery top

and

bottor.

oftlre lnle leciua

speclr m

Whitst

gnorng

th€ boiiorn

s

Lamentable

ii

is

uniortunately

a

phenomenon

wondwde

The very lop tholgh

slffer

I

ihis rgid

sysiem as they

zre

bored and

f. siraied

and they

lvjite

iher

ea\re or never reach

the r

potentia

-ih

s

is a

terble

consequen.e

for

a

coLhtry

based on human

ta enl Wh

e

we have

qone

ior

a

sound and teasibte

edLicato.

poiicy

to

ma

ntai.

econor.ic

prospe.ty

I

seems that the

tab

es

have

iurned

aqainst s.

-ahi.d

y.

being

an ans loler myseti

wanr ro dwe

on

rhe

facl

that our.aDrd

econom

c

development has come wilh

a targeLy

g.ored

ijris

a.d cu

tlra

scefe

Th .gs

may

hale

picked

p.eceniy

especia

y

with the

open ng oithe Esplanade

Theatres

on

'

t{v

Chrq

.1C)

qe

otnain:

lt:; t

3,

}At)J,

,EJ5}.8

2.2 ln

whai

ways

has

your

country suffered

as

a

resu

t

of rapid

economtc

t Thc essay

lmpress

e

y

dea

s

w ih a

iange

oi

concens. lr

disp

ays

a fadr ar t

\

tn

oca

lssues

a

pre

requ

s

Ie for any

q estion

that nvolves a

d

sclrss on oi

your.oDnlry

U.iThe

essay

s

asa

lery

cte:rabo i the varols

arsasthai

corne nderdtsc ss n

ana

rises

topic

sentences

efiect

veLy.

o4ooa

.o-oa ing

S"

Sooo'oa.

o^roJkodoo.pc'so

r,ep.

OOr.

"rd

'al.

8/19/2019 Hwa Chong JC Bull

11/28

t|ut

ti

tJta2

qPart .r

trtr

),tiaai-,rjj4lr

2.3Is

dre

Un

ted

Nations

stilla

relevant

orqdnisation?

l]] Tlr s essay showcases

the r

tefs

ab tity to lse

facts abo t the Unilect Natrons and

.ufflnl

alia rs

efieclve

y

fhe

examp

es cl'rosen show inat the wrter

js

\ eitread

a.d

in:.inred

ab. t lhese

rnaft€is

A danger

i.

attnmpt

nll tris

son of

essa

is

hiir iq the

.ntre

ar menl.n

a

sl.g e

case

stLrdy

(n

lh

s..se

iheS-.condGuLiWarw?sb iar:he

nost

rop .r cani d:te) The wr

t.r

does

se tnal

-axarnt

e, rl noi erctr s e

y

nor

Jinr

ari.'llJa:

i'rr,,iliir

rr.'

j

l0|J

At -n

Ij

thets. ,bllrom.rry.n.nes

li.lleelhole.

Nlozarl

or PLcasso.emai'

aien

llrsarlsrc

desedsmaaeccrietebytlreiacllhetlhlsperodojrapde.o.omrcgro\\4nhasbeen

.cconip.ijed

by

a

dec n?

n

lrad

tona

ads and

c L\ re

ke

Chirese

Qpera

and

L1a

a

Ths arls

provae

lhe fe

.rd s. .r3

colnlr

and

vta

tv.nd

cololrto

'ne

s

lr r

e. icnn.e.l

The

arts aso

pfom.te

ihin(ng

oltollhe

box

a

sef

ccnceptnr

lod:ys

{.rn

As

sLr.i

il..-ams 2mexlab c ltrir:

as we

have.hased

eco.omic

m

esicfe.tier

'o9o

o

--o

'o

l

.

;

"

\o :

"

ieellh:l v

l'r

ou

prosperty

and

not.rce

ci

an.

$e hale

beg n

io desccrate

an

r'la'y

ch

dren lak.

p

anc ess .i

ii

some

forn'or.ther

bll ready

a

.an.ol

p

av a

lLrn'

excepl

f.r trrs

r

lnrei

erem

ratio.

iorms

I seems

lnslll

ng that lhev are

caf

be

ca

ed

I

e'

sts

lhe olai

iot

for e.r

ch.re.t

nor

}:th

fee

i.g

or

pass

on

b l

Ior their cxam

.aton

pass

lrpi;a

oi(hepro.llclsolouror,.educalonpolcy

Yes we

have become

r cri

e'o h

t'

r

o

anos

ard

lak€

Lessons

b t

tlr s

m.sr

certa

n

y

is

nol

an

LaslLy

L

feelm.st sod

y

tlrat llre

rapld econon.

deleopme.t

has cd

lo a

br?akdolrn

r

socalre

atronsh

ps

Wh

-a

we a.e nol as bad as

Japa.

wlrere

peop

e

e

oit

nstanl lo.ds and

sleep

n I ny.r

b. e lrotes

we

nav

get

there someday

E e"c

the sit aro.

e es

a ol

to be des

red l,'lany

parents

do nol1r. e

d

nnerwitt

iheir

.hildren

rc

arly

an.l

many work

fg.d

ts do not vist

their

age ng

parents ireq e.t)'

Iina

I

(eftib

e

thal we ne€d lo

hale an

E.l

wih Yolr

Farniy

Day lo

get peop

€

10

'o

il

S ch

lh fgs lsed

io

be

oan of

o r c

ture and nollLrrning

up for dinner

daiLvvas

an

 .he.ra

01. sni. Now, as

we

work

onller

hoLrs.

n

seenrs as

thoulh

we hav€

satiice'

o r

lam

y

l es

fo.

o r

pr.spefl

Th s

breakdolln

does nol e.d

wtr lam ly

d

n.ers

lvlany

S

igapo€ans

io

iol

evei

k.,rw

rhel.

nci hbo rs

or

lnaie an

6iio.l

lo

even

do so Gone

is llre

comm nity

sp ril

lhal

 .e.1t.

erlsi

n

ttre

:ges

The end

res

l

ls

a selfsh

and

self

centered

nal.n

1oo

ca ghr pwLih.frch

ia cneselflc

elen stop

and

consder

lrhal

we hod

dear and

lry

to

lresalre

I Srro

r re

be

surprsed

thrt Readers

D

gesl

rolnc Singapore

1o

be

a

nros:

Lrnirretd

v.ation

am ngst

lhe

lwent)r odd deleoped

coLr'trles

polled?

Lrvo d

not

be

"'r

.rr

soci;

b.havoLrr

s

perlecuy

ifd catile

ofthat

Addlng io this s.eother

prablem

t\

ttr

no

Iam

y

of

lrends

s r.ols t

wo d.nly be

16r loo easv for S

nlacoreans

to

eave

if

h

igs

g;

baCly

lrere

t

o r

best end

brllr\esl can be

eni ced lo

le3 e so easll

lhe

r

Si.lapore

s

srstai.eC

Drospeity

ooks lo

e

i. d:nger

l.

ccr. son oJr

rap d

economc

deleopmentiras

brolqnt

ols

ofbenentcll

Sli pore

;s

aiso

worse oli as

people

hale

grown

tp weakwllled

and ncreaslng

v

selr

nte;esled

Aso

the

edirc?t€n

poLcles

we

have

mplemenied

have

edto:i.itsJesen

nere as

we

3s

laclory-nraoe

Slr apcreans

Lt is th€se drawlracks

whch

mav o'e

dav

r.i

ca

lv ndo

a

that

has been achieved

throLrgh

rap

d

econom c devel.pmert

Ho

taren

Y

(02A1,1)

IB

ilr,he

" iler

a

so staies.lear

ujde

nds wtlh

lrh.n sn-a

ela ates the

Lli

ted

Nalofs

Tl:

js

c4c a

as t sho\rs

irn

lnderstand

ng

oi

the

k.y

lerms

in

tie

question

As

yo

r:nr

lfeess.r

lr..r

lle criler.

nrrlrd cei

i. mifd and .ois

der

wirellter

the .ssav has

:'

.a\'

rfler

lfe

d sbafd ng .f

lhe Leag e

oi llal

ons.

the

United Nal

ons

(UN)was

sel

p

r. be th€

riba

governing

body thal ould

enacl

anC

enforce inrernato.r

aws

a.d

egreeme.lsfoni

ated on the basis

oiconsens s

These

awsserved

as

theguidetines

lhat I ts menber siales

wo

d

aspire to and were

eipecled lo

abide by .

add

tion

a

d .

ro..1ihe

Un ted Nations

was to

addiess

prolr

e6s

oi

an

int€rnal

cnaLnarLre in

an

eff.entrn..nor

and als.

roorqnnised

co

operalile

-Atfirrls

b€f

een member

slates n

dea .g

lnr th.se

problems

I

s

ttls ltlin to

ei.Dr ne lhather the

UN

has

be€n iltfi

ng

i:s roes

thus

f r.

or

whelher

these r.jes are

ele..e evanl

in

the

po

jtica

cimate.f

the

lvor

d tod:y,.lThis

assessment of relevance

wl

l be along

thc

llnes

of rhree

main

crlteri.:

lnether

the

United

Naions

lras been:bte to

efectyet enaci re

evanl

FoLces,

,theiher

I

cif.nf.r.e

lhese

plJlic

es

ard

f:ttrn

(h3t

wherh€r

there

s

sril

a

s fiicert

eve

oi r.sp..1

forihese

policas

or r'r'helherthese

meas res

slroltd be

reforned.

For

ai nl.rnatonalrriganis.ton

lc be re

ela.t

lls

p.lc.s

hale to be

rl

r.c|y

aptrrcair.

to nternal

cna

prob

ems as e

as

rei€ct

tne

eva ol ihe

malortty of the

'rtcrnationa

c.Jnm n

Iy.

Tc lh

s end, the UN lras €de .are

)r

tLr

iiLted ts

tr man t.rtan

roes

The re{r ee

prob

em

s

one ofthe mosl

impoftant

transnaliona

probe.ns

of today.

th.no'6lhan

a m L

on

reiuge€s

wordw

de

3nd

s.ttreclly

addressed byihe

UN

rhro h

the

esteb

shme.t

oi

refllee

camps wondwide

Canrps in the olisk

rts of Rwanda and

Z

nrbabre

a one e bas:c

provision

and med .a treahenr

lo

at least 500

0C0

reiuge.s

.. gh1ii rhe

crossflre

orsuer B warfare

Sinr

ary

reflllee.amos

on

tfe

oliskiirs of

A birn

a

r.re

repd

y

sei

up

wth

the

o.set

ofwar:|d

they

grve

provsion

ior

iholsa.ds.t

r4iulr-.e.

afd atraiged for

asy n n

Brla

n

Fran.e

A straia

end

the

Neihertands

A

s . io.d

a

Io fam

ne strcken

paces

of srb-Sarr:rrn

Afr..

has

beei

slccessJ

y.cord

naled

blr

tlre

UN

ln the last

ye3.

aione

lhe

UN has

coor. n:ted

ltre

lra.sier

oi.il1_v

ri

on

US Cojars wo

h

oifood

atri Howeler,

vrLlh

at teasr nfty

percent

oi

llr. rodd

s

plpLr

aliol

liv r be.w

ure

poverty

le c. these

effcrrs

wh

e

adnrirabe co

d

 e

redo b

ed

l.

greater:ievare

ths

prcbrem,lho lh

rhe

L.lN

is.lrlto s

y

not expecred

lo

ae a

ness;f ..ri to(a

y

eradlc.te rord

lr i e.

I ts rr

9.

y

d b,ors hLrmanilar an

ro

e

as lire althor tatile

body on

lr m.i

righrs

l.eLrN s

p€rhaps

nol

so successiLrlor relelanl Many

of

iire

n lersa

rghts

espoused rn

the

Un

iel

Nalions De.laralon

ofthe

ufitan

R

ghts

3re

notrecoqn

sed

al a lby manv

ol

o

o

J\l-l"r.o,

S. .pcre

nionesa..d Vei.ai

Co

n.l

reco .

se. rersoNs

basl. and ..lenabe

r hl

8/19/2019 Hwa Chong JC Bull

12/28

1{'t

Ctal1lC2

EtpBltbrr

r(r

r,

rr0r

_qr. _r.aJ

2.4 How

far should

the

actions

ot

teade.s

be

derermined

by

p btic

optnion?

..-.;

d^,o;

-iss.e

onj re;,- l

6,lopn

8/19/2019 Hwa Chong JC Bull

13/28

il.er

cnt4

Ja)

ta

:tt'tit\t:

t:: . r,

r-ior-l-,r-r.at

2.5

'G.e3t works

of lite.ature

do

not make

good

litms.

Discuss.

l':j

Th s

rs

a cha

leno

ng essay

as

t reqLr

res

good

k.owteCge

of Lterature

and

flr

A

so

a

s ..esstu

pece

trolid

be abe to compar€

specnc.haracreristics

oi

great

works

oi

lr.ratlre

wth v,hrl

l

m has

to oiier

. ihes-a

r.spc.is

(he

f.Low

nq essay disi nqurshes

il lh: .1 .1 r. .f

ihe essals

s .s

f.,

ors

.

nlr.d .ion

D

sclsses.omrnon

pe.cept.rsoirhe

retatjonsnip

ber,reef

lerat re.nd

ri

m

wh le hnk

n

the

cr c

l

obsctuatior

ih€r

rNe

ess:rt

s

abclt

compart.g

the

l

o

nol

llsr

consLderf-o

what

akes a

aood

l

m

i:r

Greal iErel re

c.n make

qocd

litm

I

-

iorts

|ra(

dep.t.rLra

ities thar

c:r

be renaererl

--t

Great lleral rs c:n

nrak€

good

fiinr ll

Cert3nqefres(plays)eremoreefiecrvey

- r

Grest

lteral re

d.es.ot

rnake

go.d

lrm N a.ce

oferpr.ss on

spe.iicty.f

,l .9e

anC

an alihor

iat e.a.ralve

o.e.a.nor

bc

r pii.aled

efiecrvely.

O

Greal I

ter:llre does

nat mak€

goad

l m

I ReDrcdlcng

great

terarlre

oiien

res

ls n

pa.sable

i

r.s that

ia

pa

nfuly shon

ofthe

org

nal

GErlend

ng the rss e:l"1akn9

a

nlm ersion

of a

tlerary wort

a ways

entals neoot:tira

d

o

D6

aF

Oaon.lrs..

An

rs

lrf

reierec.e

to tlrs

cpen.g

senlence

of the essay

corctldes llre

al

i

s 1o

tie

said thal a

prture

painls

a

tho sand

words.

ltr€f

r

seerns nalurat for

rslo mag

ne thal the besl

l

ns

slern

irom

ttre

greaiesr

t.rarywor\s

However

commoi

s

lhatwatching

the

i

..

aiier ha i.9

rcEd ihe

book is lsua ly

a

a

s:F,pofi

n

ex€rcse Tlrere

are the

erceol.ns ol

colrse, The C

o.kwork

Oranqe b/

Antiony B rless

was brlllantly

rendered

l. frm

lry tne Lare

Slan ey KLbrct

blrl

ndeed

th.se

lre

fc\r

and

far

be[ e€]r.

t s

.ot

to

sar'rh.l

lreat

vorks

of

te.atLrre

rnake

ior

g,ea

la

ires n

n

n.

.larely thal

I

s hlrnan

n?tu.e io draw comparisons

across the

tuo

genres.

cert.inly,

many

iilms

when

j dsed

on

their

own

m€rits,

receive

ihe immediaie

siamp ofapproval,

b twhen

measured aqainst rhe

,,great

tilerarywork',

lheywere

based

on, falljust thar

much

shod.

tl

I s

aitl.

I tc

contesl lhe

lact th.r

r.at

works

of

iteral re

can rnake

oood

nt'ns.

rll

s..re

q 3lncitons

f..d lo

be made to Ilre

stal.nrentforit

ro

be

dore

precse

ess a

:ii..p

nl

ge.eraLsal

on

iew

w.rld

d

sp re

th.t ltre

recert bor

oiice

srnashes,

Lord oi

t1e

R

ngs

pai

o.e ani

Lo .re rorih

ol

pratsc

.dee.j

they

are

good

tilms f

only

 ..a se

o.'

ihe

ale

tliey ,nyoko

n

the

a c

ence

r,ry

rlre

opic

r.ndelr

of

rhe

s.enes

ir ch

; e iieisn.rsed

by

momenis

oitefder rofiran.e

Perhaps

thon

greal

t€raryworks

caf

i.ke

glod

i

ms. brl lhis

s

more

poss

ble

otre.

trre main lein

oi deas

n

these worl(s

are

llngibe..es thal.an

oe

ensiy refdered

n

vsla

terms

ideEs

fheroism,

courage

n

oatii.

h..o r.nd

randelr

ihe

v

slal imFaci that

eeves an

aldience

i. v/onder is

.erte n

o.e

.i

lh-c

marks of

a

good

i

m

 i

I

s

als.

perlraps

vrorthwh

e

lo me.tron

thsl

Iim versions.i

pays

are more

eas

V

.l h5el

oc.l

lhan l

r

versions of nole

s A

g.od

examp

e

wolld

be The

lmpo(ance

of

uelrlt

Ernesl

b,,

Os.ar

U/

de

.

feri.stca

y

flnr

p

ay

wh.h

lrasllsl

as hlmorousy

-

\fii:iry

tat

tjt

:Nfrji,

iri. r. :00r

rJ-\7 r:r

ts;re,

lhe

eaae.s

cann.l

aiioii t.

be nroved

by

plblic

op

flo.

So.

ihe.e

s a

I

r

I io

l

crl

tilb

c v

ews

cln

play

a

part

n

gcvernment

acrtons.

A

ea.ler

should a

so h. e the abllily to make npopLrlar

Cecls ons

elen

f

i

m..is

 o'r

toialy.gainst

pllr

copnon. Th

s

rs

oflen

lhe.ase

n na.y.olntr

es

n lmesoi

.rsrs

The

2cton

of

.

e;der

sho

C nol be del€.m ned by

ilst

plb

c opin on

esteca

./

.

cases

oiem.r e..y

nsl.ad

anyachon

sho d

be

b.sed

cn lo..s nl.n

rhe

pro fess

or the n.lio.

r-ls:or

fas

slo\rn

s nrany

a

tme

rh.r

great

eaoers are

rr.se,rlrc

rre aie

'.

o:fead

ir lh

lnFoD

ar

decsions. This

.c

ldes

olr Sen or

M

i

sler

hc

. l9rj3 v/rs

srrr.wn

erou li

to

.

alread, iirlhc

merger with Ma als a

a

tholgh

lre

uas a..ed tr

tn

'relrernenl

opp.silo.

al hoine

Ilref

rl

vJas

the ful re of S'ngapore ihai topped

Itr

Lee

s

: enaa

iot

bLic

opiiio.

Th s

the rezder

has

to

elercse

hjs

own Ciscretion

a.i.or

lLsl

depern

on

plb

c

opnion

iihe

s lodo

a

goodjob

I

enslrn9 hls.ai

on

s

sr.c.ss

F

na

ly

n

is nol

adliseb e

fora leader

to base h s actions

sot.

y.n puir

c.

i..

 nrf

t

becalse,1

s

rol

p

agrnatcwhen

lhe liews

oiUre

plb

c are

dlrded

Eorr.nance

il

lhe

plbL

c

were to be d

vLd€d

of

a

.eriEi|

ssle

the

eaderwl

sure nolbe.Llelo

peasearlhego psa..iscend panlallonrsinqcertaiiiactons

nrhesecases

t{c d

be.rdch

betler rlthe

e.der do€s what he

be

teves

in,

ralhcr

Ihan merety bc

a

plpper

oi

ce(ain acilisb This

s.specl3lt)'

re

e a.t

tn aEe

pop

aiions

where dtsa reemenls:r.

 o nd lr arise w

ihln

he

lenerai

pub

. Th

s

s

the

.ase

n

id a wlrere tlre

lovennerl

ias

bee.

iorc.d

Io

a.i

accod

ng lo Ihe

\

of

activst

grculs,

due to

po

Uca

aliances

lf

ex"emislFoltca

p.nies.

Tlr

s

has resuted

ln dornestic chanleswircn

are

perce .d

as

be

n 3.sed

to\ ard

a certa

n

cornnun ty and so

creating

mLrch .l

sccrd :moig

llie

pLrLJ

.

Hence

t

s

obliols

t)rar

a eaderG.notiel

hs

actions

bedelermned byjlsl

p btic

n

conc lsLon.

pub

c opin.n can be

a.

excellent too of

a

eaoer lf used

c.ne.ly

..C

lo

llre

rght exle.t

Then views oithe

popLrlaUon

mlst

certa

n

y

be

t3ken ir. a.c.mi

b tlheseshoud.olsoeydet€.minealeadersactiofs.

Let me

recal tne 1am s.rlcte

bl

Abrahanr

L

n.o n Demo.recy

s

olernmentcithe

peop

e, by lhe

peop

e, for

rhe

peo.

e Th

s s

somethi.g

thal a lle.ders

olghl

to live

up to,

conslaft