Icar elements35

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    1/82

    AMEPH C H O H J T ]

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    2/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji ]tejdaji Xv4> A} Mko`et K~hp;

    4> Tbh Ok~hohjt Te`ch}4> Knnhj}a~h Ok~h}49 Dhnhj}a~h Ok~h}49 @xacdaji Mko`k}49 @xacdaji Pxch}49 Oegaji Jhy Mko`k}49 Mko`k Bajt}49 Hreovch Mck}h Mko`e t42 Aovpk~a}etakj42 Bejd Yhevkj}41 Bejd ~} @cedh41 Yhevkj Mko`k}41 Oxctavch Nkh}85 Naph ibtaj i85 Naphepo}85 Vbktk ejd Jeoh85 Nhetxph}85 Jkth85 ]teta}tam}8= Tbh Txpj ]huxhjmh8= Bat Okda hp }84 Deoeiaji tbh Tepiht84 Deoeiaji ]bahcd}88 Napaji yatbkxt e ]gacc88 Naph ibt Hreovc h

    88 Extbkp} Jkth}8> Dki Naibtaji8> Pkxjdaji ejd Ph}kcxtakj8> Tbh Txpj ]huxhjmh89 Dki ibt Oejkhx~ph Ca} t89 H~e}akj82 Hreovch Dki ib t81 Eddatakjec Nemtkp}81 Ck}aji Mkjtpkc>6 Ihjhpec Ncqaji>6 Bemgaji>6 ^kcxoh Oev}>5 Tqvh} kn ^kcxoh>= Tbh Emt kn Bemgaji>= Ed~ejmhd Bemgaji>= Emtakj} aj e Txpj

    M k j t h j t }

    4 Nkphykpd4 Mbejih Ca}t8 Amep 8 Ybet Qkx Jhhd tk Vceq8 Ybet a} Amep;> Mapmch} ejd Da}m}9 Mbepemthp Mphetakj2 ]thv 5< Mkjmhvt2 ]ghchtkj ejd Mkjmhvt2 ]thv 0< Dh~aejt1 ]thv =< ]teta}tam}1 Pejdko1 Vkajt}1 Ktbhp ]q}tho}1 @ettch1 Ohet1 ]bant56 ]kxc56 Yat

    56 ]ghchtkj} ejd ]teta}tam}56 ]thv 4< ]gacc}56 X}aji ]gacc}55 Pkchvceqaji ejd ]gacc}55 Dan mxctq55 Okda hp }55 Mpatamec}55 Vpkmxphohjt50 ]teptaji ]gacc}50 ]teptaji ]gacc} ejd @akjam}50 Aovpk~aji ]gacc}5= ]gacc Tphh}5= Lxovaji Hvkmb}5= Jhy ]gacc}54 Emedhoae ]gacc}59 Canh ]gacc}59 Kvtakjec Pxch< Mck}h Mko`et Mko`k}=4 ]thv 9< @kdq Ejd Epokxp =4 ]thv 2< Hjmxo`pejmh=8 ]thv 1< Pkchvceqaji Vkajt}=> ]thv 56< V}qmbktbhetpam}=> V}qmbktbhetpam} ejd tbh Dh~aejtYbhhc

    => Yhe~aji tbh Tech=> ]mhjepak ]vhma m V}qmbktbhetpam }40 Mbepemthp Mphetakj K~hp~ahy4= Mko`et

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    3/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji 4 ^kcxoh Hjtatah}>8 Bemgaji Hjtatah}>> Bemgaji Eieaj}t A}a}>9 ]vemh Mko`et>2 Tbh Mevatec Oev96 Tbh Vcejhtepq Oev90 Hvackixh9= Ajdh r9> ]gacc Tphh Phnhphjmh

    99 ]gacc Ca}t Phnhphjmh26 Mck}h Mko`et Ok~h}25 Mck}h Mko`et Phnhphjmh20 Mbepemthp ]bhht npkjt veih

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    4/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji Vx`ca}b Deth< 55 ]hv 066>Vph~akx} Phche}h hp}akj< =*44 Ecvbe Exi 0668!Gjkyj A}}xh} aj tba} ~hp}akj>(ejd Dhec a} et 90(# tbhj tbh }teptaji ch~hc kn ]meo yacc`h =>( ">> / =6 ? =>!*

    Lxovaji hvkMb]E mbepemthp oeq etthovt e }gacc et e baibhp Hvkmb`xt tba} a} mkj}adhphd e} `haji kn dan mxctq Bepd* An tbhmbepemthp a} tpqaji tk dk ej emtakj `hckjiaji tk e}aoacep }gacc# tba} a} ec}k ia~hj e okda hp kn Bepd* An tbhmbepemthp dkh} jkt be~h ej evvpkvpaeth }gacc kp }aoa /cep }gacc# tbhj tbh ok}t evvpkvpaeth ]teta}tam ox}t `hx}hd aj}thed*

    j hY ] gacc]Nkp okph ed~ejmhd vceqhp}# at a} vk}}a`ch tk mpheth}gacc} ybamb mk~hp ej ephe kn hrvhpta}h jkt mk~hphd`q tbh }gacc ca}t* Tk k`teaj e jhy }gacc# at ox}t `h mchepcq}tethd ybet tbh }gacc a} dh}aijhd tk mk~hp ejd ybamb}gacc} at dhpa~h} npko* Tbh }gacc} tbet eph `haji dhpa~hdnpko ox}t be~h e ~ecxh kn 96( kp okph "}bkyaji eveptamxcep vpk mahjmq aj tbh hcd!* ]koh hreovch}

    mej `h nkxjd aj tbh Na}b Nx}akj pxch }ht*

    Mbhoamec Hrvck}a~h}

    5 0

    a} >8(# tbhj tbh }teptaji ~ecxh kn tbh jhy }gacc yacc `h=8( ">8 / =6 ? =8!* Tba} }caibtcq cepihp }teptaji vhpmhjt/eih eccky} nkp }koh kn tbh gjkychdih kn tbh hepcahp }gacc tk `h tpej}nhpphd ajtk tbh jhy kjh*

    ]koh }gacc} eph `e}hd kj }gacc} npko okph tbej kjhtphh* Tba} a} }bkyj aj tbh }gacc tphh e} e `kr yatb e dkt/thd kxtcajh# ajdametaji tbet tbh }gacc mej `h nkxjd ajejktbhp }gacc tphh*

    Hreovch6( `hnkph ]meomej `h `kxibt*

    Tbh ajataec ~ecxh kn ]meo yacc `h tbh ckyh}t kn tbh tyk

    tyhjtq tbkx}ejd pkxjd} vhp oajxth

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    14/82

    5Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    15/82

    5Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    16/82

    5Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    17/82

    5Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    18/82

    5Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    19/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    20/82

    6Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji 6< Dxpaji e ibt# kjh ok~h aj tbh mko`k oeq`h mbejihd nkp ejktbhp* Dk tba} kjcq kjmh aj e

    mko`k*

    96< Jhy mck}h mko`et ok~h< @phetb kn YajdKnnhj}a~h!* A} vhpnkpohd kjcq aj e mko`k e} tbhp}t vept kn e aovpk~a}etakj* Mbepemthp vx}bh} nkheyeq ejd kjtk tbh ipkxjd# dkaji tbho jk deo/eih `xt ecckyaji tbh mbepemthp tk hatbhp che~h tbhibt kp dk deoeih jhrt txpj* Phuxaph} }xmmh}}nxc@ettch pkcc* An neac}# tbhj tbh mbepemthp oeq mkjtajxhtk aovpk~a}h*

    98< Oecche`ch* Oeq }tacc ettemg ybhj aj e Bkcd `xtmejjkt `pheg nphh ybach ettemgaji*

    266

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    21/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    22/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    23/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji 6( tk `h hnnhmta~h*Tba} mej h dkjh tbpkxib }txdqaji Pkchvceqaji Vkajt}kp PV! kp `q x}aji vhkvch e} th}t }x`lhmt}*He}q< Edoaja}thpaji tbh mkpphmt dpxi nkp e yhcc/gjkyjda}he}h*Dan mxct< Edoaja}thpaji e phvcemhohjt dpxi ybhj tbhmbepemthp dkh} jkt be~h ejq kn tbh nemacatah} vpk~ad /hd `q e ohdamec gat*

    ] xPihPqYat : 8* Daeijk}a}* Aj}tpxmtkp*

    ]xpihpq a} e thmbjamec ept kn oejxeccq raji vhkvch*]xpihpq ajmcxdh} bky tk oegh ajma}akj}# ybhph tkoegh tbho# ybet hemb vahmh ckkg} cagh ejd bky tkmck}h tbh ykxjd* Ecc }xpihpq tbet a} dkjh a} }mepch}}an tbh }xpihpq a} dkjh mkpphmtcq* Tbh x}h kn tbh }xpia /mec tkkc} a} mk~hphd aj iphet dhvtb* Tbh }gacc ox}t `hbaibhp tbej >6( tk `h hnnhmta~h* Tba} mej `h pea}hd `q}txdqaji kp `q x}aji th}t }x`lhmt} Pkchvceqaji Vkajt}

    kp PV!*

    @akjaM] ] q]tho]Yat : 8* ]xpihpq* Aj}tpxmtkp*

    Tba} a} e }txdq kn tbh dannhphjt }q}tho} tbet ejq `akjamvhp}kj ykxcd be~h* Tba} }gacc eccky} tbh daeijk}a} knvpk`cho} ejd tbhap }kcxtakj} e} yhcc e} tbh e`acatq tkxvipedh kcd bepdyeph yatb tbh vpkvhp dkmxohj /tetakj!* Tba} ec}k mk~hp} tbh ohjtec hnnhmt} dxh tkExiohjtetakj*

    He}q< Naraji e yhcc gjkyj exiohjtetakj yatb e nxccpejih kn ohdamec ejd thmbjamec tkkc}*Dan mxct< Naraji e peph exiohjtetakj yatbkxt ejq kntbh vpkvhp huxavohjt

    @akjaM] d h]aij@akjam} ]q}tho}* Aj}tpxmtkp*

    Tba} }gacc eccky} tbh mbepemthp tk dh}aij jhy `akjam}q}tho}# hatbhp npko }mpetmb "Dan mxct! kp `q xvdetajiktbhp }q}tho He}q!* An tbh vceqhp mej jkt dh}aij tbh}q}tho }kchcq# tbh IO mej bhcv* X}h ktbhp `akjam }q}/

    tho} e} e thovceth nkp jhy kjh}*

    @akYhe~h@akjam} ]q}tho}* Aj}tpxmtkp*

    Tba} }gacc eccky} tbh mbepemthp tk kvhpeth @akyhe~hoembajhpq* @akyhe~h mej ipky jhy cao`} kp kpiej}nkp vhkvch ejd a} e ~hpq thmbjamec kvhpetakj* Tbhokph tbet jhhd} phvcemaji# tbh okph dan mxct at a} tkphvcemh*He}q< Phvcemh e chi kp epo*

    Dan mxct< Phvcemh `ktb chi}# `ktb epo}# ca~hp# vept} kntbh }vajh# ajth}tajh}# hqh} ejd nemh ecc aj kjh ik*

    bkvvhp} ejd }vemh mpeth}< ejq ajdx}tpq)} mkph

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    24/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    25/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    26/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    27/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    28/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    29/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    30/82

    6Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji (

    Cey >(

    Ba}tkpq >(

    @akckiamec >(

    Vbq}amec >(

    Mbhoamec >(

    Ieae Gjky >(

    Mkckjq Gjky 05(

    Mkckjq ]q}tho} 59(

    Mkckjq Dh}aij 52(

    ^hbamch Gjky 08(

    Oempkohmbejam} 00(

    Ohmbe}q} Gjky 59(

    Ohmbe}q} ]q}tho} 0=(

    Tbh }gacc ~ecxh} eph ~hpq cky empk}} tbh `kepd* Tbhpheph tyk oeaj phe}kj} nkp tba}}tTecc 52}t 08}t =4}t

    Yhaibt te`ch nkp Ohj

    Tbaj E~hpeih Cepih]bkpt 1}t 5=}t 58}t

    E~hpeih 55}t 52}t 00}tTecc 5>}t 00}t 09}t

    Yhaibt te`ch nkp Ykohj

    e ih@htthp ihjhtam} ejd ohdamajh} ohej e ckji canh ejd

    k~hp 16#666 qhep} tbh bxoej pemh be} oejeihd tkjhepcq dkx`ch tbh e~hpeih canh }vej kn ybet at ye} ajtbh 05}t Mhjtxpq* Phmkoohjdhd eih kn tbh mbepem /thp a} jkpoeccq ia~hj kj tbh ]ghchtkj e} tbh eokxjt kn

    yh aj~hjt jhy yeq} tk gacc hemb ktbhp

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    33/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    34/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    35/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    36/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    37/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    38/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji Mcxo}q ]bant /0@ettch /0

    Qkx dkjt be~h oxmb }vetaec eyephjh}}# qkx gjkmg tbaji}k~hp e ckt ejd be~h cattch mk/kpdajetakj*

    09 Vbk`ae Qkx eph e`}kcxthcq thppa hd kn }kohtbaji* Ybhj qkx hj/mkxjthp at# dk e ]kxc mbhmg* E ve}} yacc mex}h qkx da}mko /nkpt* E neacxph yacc ajdxmh vejam*

    02 @xccahd Bxo`ch ? 4Mkxpeihkx} ?0

    Qkx yhph ecyeq} `xccahd ejd qkxp mbepemthp }xvvkpt} tba}daoajxta~h ettatxdh*

    01 Yheg Ohet ? 0 Qkx eph jkt ~hpq }tpkji*=6 ]bkpt Nx}h Naphpq ? 8 Qkx eph he}acq oedh ejipq# ejqkjh aj da}eiphhohjt yatb

    qkx kp okmgaji qkx yacc nhhc qkxp ypetb*=5 Gchvtkoejaem Qkx mej jkt }tkv }thecaji tbaji}* Tbhq dk jkt be~h tk `h

    kn x}h# `xt an qkx tbajg qkx mej iht eyeq yatb cantaji }koh/tbaji# qkx yacc*

    =0 E`}hjt Oajdhd Yat / 0 Qkx knthj ckk}h mkjmhjtpetakj ejd nkpiht aovkptejtvahmh} kn ajnkpoetakj*

    == Vejam ]tpamghj ]kxc ? 0Nhepnxc ? 4 Ybhj aj e taibt }vkt# qkx yacc vejam# xje`ch tk nxjmtakj*Tba} jkpoeccq ce}t} nkp 58 }hmkjd} 8 txpj}!*=4 ]bhcthphd Canh ^aptxkx} ? 4 Qkx be~h ched e canh vpkthmthd q vhkvch tbpkxib

    tbkxibt ejd hj~apkjohjt* Qkx eph ajjkmhjt e} e ph}xct*

    =8 @ed Be`at} Qkx be~h tyk be`at} tbet ktbhp vhkvch oaibt jd ejjkq/aji*

    => Atmbq Tpaiihp Najihp

    Nkkcbepdq ? 4Naphpq ? 4

    Qkx cagh }bkktaji tbaji}* Qkx eph caghcq tk `h tbh p}t tkkvhj ph# h~hj ybhj at a} jkt evvpkvpaeth*

    =9 ]cky tkPh}vkjd

    ]bant / 0 Qkx be~h vkkp phemtakj} aj emtakj ejd ok~hohjt*

    =2 Mpxhc ]kxc ' 5

    Ohpmach}} ? 8

    Qkx hjlkq evvcqaji veaj tk vhkvch ejd }hhaji vhkvch ik

    tbpkxib bkppkp}* Qkx eph tbh epmbhtqvec }eda}t*=1 Mpaoajec

    Mkjjhmtakj}Qkx be~h 0 hjhoah} ejd mpaoajec mkjjhmtakj}* Tbh}h mkj /jhmtakj} oeq mkoh tk mecc kj qkx*

    46 Jaibtoeph} ]kxc /5 Qkx dkjt }chhv yhcc ejd iht bkppa`ch jaibtoeph}* Knthjtba} oaibt be~h phvhpmx}}akj} kj qkxp `hbe~akxp ybhjeyegh*

    45 ]cky Chepjhp Yat / 5 Qkx jhhd 0 PV tk pea}h e }gacc `q =(# petbhp tbej 5 PV*40 @kpihd Vkkp @kpi ]xat Qkx be~h hhj kpihd* Tbh phe}kj }bkxcd jkt h e ikkd

    kjh* Qkx eph mchep kn Phbe` `xt qkxp }xat a} jkt ~hpq ikkd*

    4= ]bq ]kxc / 5^aptxkx} ' 0

    Qkx eph meco ejd uxaht# qkx dkjt cagh }vhegaji kxt kptecgaji tk }tpejihp}*

    44 Uxapgq Ck~aji ? 4 Qkx be~h e da}tajmta~h oejjhpa}o# qkx mbkk}h*

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    39/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji Xjnkpia~aji Ohpmach}} ?4^hjihnxc ? 4

    Qkx bkcd ipxdih} he}acq* An }kohkjh bepo} qkx aj }kohyeq# tbhj qkx yacc ik kxt kn qkxp yeq tk phveq at%

    49 Vh}}aoa}t ]kxc / 5 Qkx `hcah~h tbet tbh ykp}t yacc ecyeq} bevvhj aj ejq ia~hj}atxetakj*

    42 Okpk}h ]kxc / 5Lk~aec ? 5

    Qkxph e dhvph}}a~h ejd qkx hjlkq yecckyaji aj qkxp kyj}hcn vatq*

    41 Yhcc Gjkyj Qkx eph gjkyj tbpkxibkxt tbh ohdae ckmeccq kp kj Ieae*86 Ikkdcq ]bant dh~aejt tk

    paibtQkx eph kn ikkdcq da}vk}atakj# vhkvch yacc evvpkemb qkxejd evvphmaeth qkxp gajdjh}}*

    85 Da}tajixa}bajiNhetxph

    Qkx be~h }koh nemaec nhetxph tbet }ht} qkx evept npko tbhph}t kn qkxp pemh* IO mbkk}h}*

    80 Yattq Yat ' 5]hpakx} ? 5

    Qkxph uxamg yatthd ejd tbh tbaji} qkx }eq# vhkvch jdnxjjq*

    8= Kvtaoa}t ]kxc ' 5 Qkx ecyeq} }hh tbh ikkd }adh kn }atxetakj} ejd tpq tkoegh e vk}ata~h ok~h `hmex}h kn tba}*

    84 MkcipajaejEjmh}tpq Ohet ? 1# ]bant ?1 xjch}} cepihp! Qkx eph e daphmt dh}mhjdejt kn tbh Mkcipajaej vhkvch}hh Ick}}epq!* Qkxp canhtaoh a} jky 46 ' D56 qhep}*

    88 Oepg}oej '56( tk ecc paji}gacc}

    Qkx~h ecyeq} bed e gjemg yatb e ixj*

    8> Ve}}akjeth ]kxc ' 0Yat ' 5

    Qkx iht hrmathd e`kxt tbaji} ejd `hcah~h ~hpq }tpkjicq ajybet qkx dk* Vhkvch jd qkx }xvvkpta~h*

    89 Nat ]bant ' 0Ohet ' 5

    Qkx be~h e baib ch~hc kn vbq}amec tjh}}*

    82 Vetahjt ]kxc ' 0Meco ? 4

    Qkx dkjt oajd yeataji# qkx `hcah~h tbet an qkx yeat tbhjqkx yacc `h phyepdhd*

    81 Thmbjameccq

    Oajdhd

    '56( nkp }teptaji

    thmb }gacc}

    Qkx be~h e iant nkp thmbjamec tbaji}* Ejq }gacc ybamb a} thmb

    phcethd "npko tbh thmb tphh! yacc `hiaj yatb hrtpe vkajt}*>6 Jetxpec Vackt '56( nkp }teptaji

    vackt }gacc}Qkx iht `hbajd tbh mkjtpkc} kn ejq ~hbamch ejd qkxphtbhph* Ec}k# ejq jhieta~h `kjx}h} nkp qaji yatb dhnexct kp}kohkjh hc}h} mkjtpkc} eph aijkphd%

    >5 Nhpkmakx}Naibthp

    Naphpq ? 4@ettch ' 0

    Qkx be~h e techjt nkp ibtaji* @ettch oeq jkt ik e`k~h56*

    >0 Bhe~acq @xact Ohet ? 56 Qkx eph e cepih vhp}kj# }tpkji ejd qkx ghhv aj }bevh*>= Uxamg Chepjhp Yat '5 Edd 5( kj tkv kn ejq }gacc pea}h}# hatbhp npko }vhjdaji PV

    kp `q aj}tejtejhkx} IO pea}h}*

    >4 Yhectbq 0 oaccakj kp e]vemh mpent

    Qkx be~h bed e yaj necc phmhjtcq ejd be~h emuxaphd ha /tbhp okjhq kp e }vemh mpent* Tba} a} jkt yadhcq gjkyj*

    >8 Hrvhpahjmhd PV ' 06Ykpcdcq ?4

    Qkx be~h }eovchd e ckt kn canh `hnkph lkajaji tbh theo*X}h tbh PV kj }gacc} `hnkph vceq*

    >> Jetxpec Chedhp ]kxc ' 0Meco ? 4

    Qkx jd at he}q tk tegh ph}vkj}a`acatq ejd mbepih knh~hjt}* Ybhj qkx vxpmbe}h tbh Vhp}xedh }gacc }teptajich~hc }bkxcd `h >6(*

    >9 Egepegaej /Ckk}h Neatb

    ]kxc ' 5@ettch ' 5

    Qkxp vephjt} eph Egepegaej ejd qkx be~h `hhj `pkxibtxv yatb Egepegaej gjkychdih `xt dk jkt nkccky at tk tbhchtthp* Ec}k# be~h tbh }gacc Egepegaej Gjkychdih et ]kxc r 56* Tba} gjkychdih }gacc }bkxcd `h x}hd tk vpk~adh tbhvceqhp ejd mbepemthp yatb gjkychdih kn tbh oejjhpa}o}ejd mx}tko} kn tbh Egepeg jetakj*

    >2 Hrtpe Tpeajaji Vamg 4 }gacc} nphh Qkx be~h `hhj tbpkxib }koh hrtpe tpeajaji* Hatbhp mkpvk/peth kp `q tbh vephjt}*

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    40/82

    6Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji 1 IkkdPhvxtetakj

    'D56 mkjtemt} Qkx be~h ipkyj e ikkd phvxtetakj tbpkxib qkxp dhhd}*

    96 Tbamg ]gajjhd Dkx`ch ]txj Ybeth~hp qkxp jetxpec }txj a}# dkx`ch at* Qkxph dan mxct tkgjkmg kxt%

    95 Ettpemta~h ]kxc ' 5 Qkx eph nkxjd tk h ettpemta~h q tbh oelkpatq kn tbh kv /vk}ath }hr*

    90 Hjhpihtam ]bant ' 0 ]kxc '0@ettch ' 5

    Qkx be~h ecyeq} `hhj ajmphda`cq hjhpihtam e`kxt h~hpq /tbaji* Qkx }hho tk be~h ejd hjdch}} }xvvcq kn hjhpiq*

    9= ]tphhtya}h Ieaj ecc Hvkmb 5}tphht }gacc} et 56, Yat

    Qkx be~h e gjemg nkp }hj}aji }atxetakj} kj tbh }tphht} ejdqkx oejeih tk vamg xv ecc }kpt} kn ajnkpoetakj tbet a} ktb /hpya}h baddhj*

    94 Egepegaej /]tpkji Neatb

    ]kxc ' 0@ettch ' 0

    Qkx be~h `hhj `pkxibt xv aj tbh Egepegaej yeq} ejdqkx `hcah~h }tpkjicq aj tbh neatb* Ec}k be~h Egepegaej Eptet =6( ejd Egepeg Gjky et 96'D56*

    98 AovkptejtVephjt}

    Qkxp vephjt} bkcd aovkptejt vk}atakj} yatbaj tbh Aovhpaxo*Mbkk}h e ]tep Ajdx}tpq ejd tbh IO yacc }hchmt ej aovkp /tejt vk}atakj nkp tbho tk bkcd*

    9> @pamg ]bat Bkx}h Ohet ? 56# @ettch' 0

    BT< 90 YT : 056

    Qkx eph e bxih bxoej% Qkxp hjmxo`pejmh a} jky tyamhqkxp Ohet 06!*

    99 ]tph}} ]ajg ]kxc ' 0Ck~aji ' 5

    Qkx be~h e gjemg kn dhecaji yatb }tph}}nxc }atxetakj}*Ybhjh~hp tbaji} ckkg `ed# qkx oejeih tk }eq tbh paibttbaji} tk meco vhkvch dkyj* Ieaj Hovetbq et ]kxc , 56*

    92 Hovetbam Meco ? 8 Qkx mej vbq}ameccq nhhc vhkvch} hoktakj}* H~hpq taoh qkxohht }kohkjh ybk a} nhhcaji }kohtbaji }tpkjicq# Pkcc ]kxc#kj e ve}} qkx phoeaj aj qkxp kyj hoktakj# kj e neac# qkxtegh kj tbh ktbhp vhp}kj} hoktakj*

    91 Cxmgq Qkx eph e cxmgq vhp}kj* An }koh acc a} e`kxt tk hnecc tbhmbepemthp# av e mkaj ejd mecc* An qkx eph mkpphmt tbhj tbh`ed h~hjt yacc jkt bevvhj*

    26 Emedhoam '58( tk eccEmedhoae }gacc} Qkx be~h e eap nkp chepjaji emedhoameccq* Pea}h eccEmedhoae }gacc} `q 58( extkoetameccq* Tba} ajcxdh} jhyEmedhoam }gacc} tkk*

    25 Mq`hphd IkkdMq`hpyeph ]xat

    Qkx be~h `hhj mq`hphd yhcc `q qkxp vephjt} kp vph~akx}hovckqhp*

    20 Uxamg Phemtakj}

    ]bant ? 56 Qkx eph ~hpq uxamg tk phemt* Ec}k# qkx jh~hp ckk}h ejajataeta~h*

    2= K`}hp~ejt Ecyeq} ve}} Yatmbhmg} nkp }hh /aji tbaji}

    Qkx be~h e phoepge`ch etthjtakj nkp dhteac* Ybhjh~hp qkx jhhd tk pkcc nkp }hhaji tbet ybamb a} dan mxct tk jktamh#qkx yacc jkt jhhd tk pkcc yat*

    24 Egepegaej

    / Vephjt} ephHcdhp}

    ]kxc ' =@ettch ? 56

    Qkx vephjt} eph hrtphohcq aovkptejt eokji}t tbh Egepegjetakj* Qkx be~h vamghd xv tbh }gacc} ejd gjkychdih `xtjkt tbh Mq`hp* Ieaj Egepeg Ept et ]kxc , 56* Ec}k Egepeg Gjky et 96'D56*

    28 Nkmx}hd 0 vkajt} aj vkkc Qkx be~h tbh e`acatq tk nkmx} qkxp e`acatah} et ejq vkajt}*Dxpaji tbh ieoh# qkx oeaj vxov xv ejq ]teta}tam kp dh~a/ejt `q tyk* Tba} ce}t} xjtac tbh hjd kn tbh }h}}akj# tbh }teptkn tbh jhrt }h}}akj# e jhy }ht kn tyk vkajt} a} e~eace`ch*

    2> Nhepch}} ]kxc ? 56 Ybeth~hp `akckiamec nemht tbet oegh} vhkvch enpead# qkx}aovcq dk jkt vk}}h} at* Kjcq pkcc nkp ]kxc mbhmg} tbet dkjkt ajmcxdh nhep*

    29 @kpj ]javhp Caibt ejd bhe~qpaji ? 10(

    Qkx be~h ej xjmejjq e`acatq tk x}h yhevkj}*

    22 Baib VeajTbph}bkcd

    ]txj ? = rJetxpec

    Qkx eph hrtphohcq dan mxct tk gjkmg xjmkj}makx}*

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    41/82

    5Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    42/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji * Mpheth Mck}h Mko`et Mko`k}

    Mpheth mbeajhd ok~h} nkp mck}h mko`et* Oegh }xphqkx be~h kjh Mko`k tbet `hiaj} yatb e dhnhj}a~h

    ok~h ejd tpq ejd x}h e} oejq dannhphjt ok~h} e}qkx mej*

    9* Nacc aj @kdq ejd Epokxp

    E bxoej iht} 5 EP h~hpqybhph# Bat vkajt} tbhq iht 56kj bhed# 56 kj hemb epo# 58 kj hemb chi ejd 46 kjtbh tkp}k* Jkt ecc mbepemthp} iht epokxp*

    2* Hjmxo`pejmh

    Qkxp hjmxo`pejmh a} tbh }eoh e} qkxp Ohet# phmkpdat aj tbh }hmkjd }bhht* An qkx~h ikt `akjam}# tbhj tbhjhy Ohet a} qkxp hjmxo`pejmh*

    1* Phmkpd Pkchvceqaji Vkajt}

    An qkx be~h ejq }veph enthp mbepemthp mphetakj# vxt

    tbho bhph*

    56* Pkcc V}qmbktbhetpam}

    Nap}t# dhmadh ybhtbhp qkx yejt 5# 0 kp = V}qmbktbhetpam}ejd tbhj pkcc# tegaji tbh ennhmt} e} qkx ik*

    55* Appateth tbh IO yatb Uxh}takj}

    Kvtakjec*

    `h mephnxc ybhph qkx dkmg#an qkx yejt tk be~h e }bav tk phtxpj tk

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    43/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    44/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    45/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    46/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    47/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    48/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    49/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji 6 mo* ]oecc `cedh} ajmcxdh gatmbhj gja~h}# mcx`}yatb jeac} tbpkxib kjh hjd# }oecc gja~h} ejd mcey}*]koh yhevkj} be~h @ce}t Nemtkp} vhjhtpetakj! ejd

    tbh}h eph ca}thd aj tbh yhevkj te`ch}* TAV6mo* Tbh}h aj /mcxdh vkch epo} ejd }ykpd}* ]koh yhevkj} be~h@ce}t Nemtkp} vhjhtpetakj! `xt xjch}} ktbhpya}h }tet /hd# x}h e @N kn 0*

    Ok~h Mk}t ]txj DeoeihTbpx}t Vxjmb! 4 r Ohet 0 r Ohet

    Veppq @ckmg! Jkjh Jkjh]ce}b = 4 r Ohet = r Ohet

    Cepih @cedh Te`ch

    b ejd ~] @cedhYbet bevvhj} ybhj }kohkjh yatbkxt ejq yhev /kj} ikh} xv eieaj}t }kohkjh yatb e `cedh kp `cxjt;Ajtxata~hcq# ybhj }tpagaji# tbh ettemg} mej `h dhectyatb jkpoeccq* Bkyh~hp# an }kohkjh `ckmg} eieaj}te bejd yhevkj# tbh yhevkj yacc }tacc dk deoeih tktbh `ckmgaji epo* Bxokpkx} da}oho`hpohjt }bkxcd`h mkj}adhphd* E dkdih# bkyh~hp# yacc e~kad ejq

    mck}h mko`et yhevkj*

    Y hevkj Mko@k]Tbh }vhmaec oejkhx~ph} cagh ]ce}b e`k~h! mej `h`xact ajtk mko`k}* Bkyh~hp# tbh }vhmaec mko`koeq jkt `h x}hd yatbkxt tbh yhevkj * Tbh mbep /emthp oeq x}h tbh}h ok~h} ybhj aovpk~a}aji*TAV ejd e ]bant kn 9 ejd pkcc} 0kj e D56* Ba} Ajataeta~h tktec a} >'9'0 ybamb a} 58*Ox}b be} e @ettch kn = ejd e ]bant kn 4 ejd pkcc} 4 kj e

    mbkk}h qkxp yhevkj ya}hcq

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    50/82

    6Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji ! deoeih tk Dxdh} epo*Dxdh kjcq be} 56 bat vkajt} kj ba} epo }k Peih} batmbkv} at knn*

    Nkxptb Ok~h< Peih a} dkaji e Tbpx}t ejd dh /madh} tk bat Ox}b aj tbh mbh}t* Tbh ok~h a} xj /dhnhjdhd }k ikh} tbpkxib extkoetameccq dk /aji 4 r Ohet "=0! }txj ejd Ohet "5>! deoeih* Hjd kn Mko`et< E} qkx mej }hh# e ]ykpd mej `hvphttq dhedcq aj tbh bejd} kn }kohkjh yatb e ikkd

    mko`k*

    `hextq a} e mkookdatq

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    51/82

    5Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    52/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    53/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    54/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    55/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    56/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    57/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji Dk 866 vkajt}kn deoeih tk~hbamch

    NecpkddajiOejkhx~ph

    Ejq , , Mko`et Vackt}gacc kjcq pkcc#`aiih}t dannhp /hjmh yaj}*

    H~e}akj , /0 6 Dhnhjdhp}}vhhd ox}t `hiphethp tbejettemghp}%

    Pkcc Mko`et Damh

    Tba} dhthpoajh} ybhtbhp tbh oejkhx~ph a} }xmmh}}nxcet phok~aji tbh ettemghp npko tbh teac kn tbh dhnhjd /hp ejd vxt tbho `ktb ajtk ed~ejteih*

    ED^EJTEIH ? MKO@ET ]GACC ' ^HBAMCHOEJKHX^PAJI ' OEJKHX^PH OKDANAHP ' D56

    Mbhmg tbh Te`ch

    Kjh tbh yajjhp ejd ckk}hp be~h `hhj dhmadhd#mbhmg tbh te`ch `hcky*

    Ettemghp Dhnhjdhp Ph}xct

    Yaj Ck}h Phoeaj tbh }eohCk}h Yaj Ikt Tk Ed~ejteihYaj H~edh Phoeaj tbh }eoh

    Ck}h H~edh Mko`et Hjd}

    Ettemghp + Dhnhjdhp + Ed~ejteih Ph}kcxtakj Te`ch

    h~e]akj

    Tba} kmmxp} ybhj tbh dhnhjdhp mbkk}h} tk h~edhtbh `ettch* An tbh dhnhjdhp oejeih} tk yaj yatb ejh~edh oejkhx~ph* Tbhj tbh `ettch hjd}* IO yacc pkccdamh tk }hh an ettch mej h }tepthd eieaj* Tba} a} knthjjkt tbh me}h* At ox}t `h jkthd tbet tbh dhnhjdhp}}vhhd ox}t `h iphethp tbej tbet kn tbh ettemghp} nkp tbh h~edh tk `h }xmmh}}nxc*

    Hjd Kn Mko`et

    Mko`et mej ec}k hjd an kjh hjhoq a} dh}tpkqhd kp tbh ettemghp ya}bh} tk }tkv* An tbh ettemghp ya}bh} tk

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    58/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji !* Oeie~hjdkja} dpa~aji e okda hd Necmkj "^hbamch oejkhx~paji a}=! ejd Mbepatq a} aj e Mcey Yaji ^hbamch oejkhx /~paji a} >!* Tbhq eppa~h et tbh }eoh okohjt jk kjhbe} tbh hchohjt kn }xpvpa}h! ejd ik tk Ed~ejteih*

    Pkcc Ed~ejteih Damh

    @ktb pkcc e D56* Oeie~hjdkj pkcc} e =# Mbepatq pkcc} >*

    ED^EJTEIH ? MKO@ET ]GACC ' ^HBAMCHOEJKHX^PH ' D56

    Oeie~hjdkj Ed~ejteih ? 2 ' = ' = ? 54

    Mbepatq Ed~ejteih ? > ' > ' > ? 52

    Yajjhp @hmkoh} Ettemghp

    Mbepatq a} tbh yajjhp* ]k Mbepatq `hmkoh} tbh ettemg /hp*

    Ettemg Naph}

    Mbepatq cht} knn kjh }bkt# pkccaji D566 tpqaji tk iht xj/

    dhp 28 ohdaxo pejih kj bhp mpent} yhevkj}!* ]bhpkcc} 14# }k }bh oa}}h}*

    Dhnhjdhp Mbkk}h} Oejkhx~ph

    E} Oeie~hjdkj a} e ikkd vackt# bh mbkk}h} tk dke = era} txo`ch* Bh mbhmg} tbet ba} }vhhd a} k~hp 5+0ybamb at a}!* Bh ec}k jkth} tbet an bh a} dhnhjdhp eieajjhrt txpj# at ox}t `h e }adh }cav*

    Pkcc Mko`et Damh

    Mbepatq ox}t jky tpq tk }teq kj tbh teac kn Oeie~hjdkj}k }bh mej ph eieaj* @ktb pkcc e D56* Oeie~hjdkjpkcc} 1 ejd Mbepatq pkcc} e 4*

    MKO@ET ? MKO@ET ]GACC ' ^HBAMCH OEJKHX^PH 'OEJKHX^PH OKDANAHP ' D56

    Oeie~hjdkj Mko`et ? 2 ' = / 0 ' 1 ? 52

    Mbepatq Mko`et ? > ' > / 8 ' 4 ? 55

    Mbhmg Te`ch

    Mbepatq a} tbh ettemghp ejd Oeie~hjdkj a} tbh dh /nhjdhp* Oeie~hjdkj ykj }k e} Oeie~hjdkj} tk /tec ye} tbh baibhp kn tbh tyk! x}aji tbh te`ch# tbhq iktk Ed~ejteih*

    Pkcc Ed~ejteih Damh

    @ktb pkcc e D56* Oeie~hjdkj pkcc} e 0# Mbepatq pkcc} 2*

    ED^EJTEIH ? MKO@ET ]GACC ' ^HBAMCHOEJKHX^PH ' D56

    Oeie~hjdkj Ed~ejteih ? 2 ' = ' 0 ? 5=

    Mbepatq Ed~ejteih ? > ' > ' 2 ? 06

    Yajjhp @hmkoh} Ettemghp

    Mbepatq a} tbh yajjhp* ]k Mbepatq `hmkoh} tbh ettemg /hp*

    Ettemghp Naph}

    Mbepatq cht} knn kjh }bkt# pkccaji D566 tpqaji tk iht xj/dhp 28 ohdaxo pejih kj bhp mpent} yhevkj}!* ]bh

    pkcc} 06# ejd bat}# tegaji knn =666 vkajt} kn deoeihnpko tbh Oeie~hjdkj} Necmkj*

    Dhnhjdhp Mbkk}h} Oejkhx~ph

    Oeie~hjdkj dhmadh} tbet tbh deoeih bh be} teg /hj a} tkk bhe~q tk mkjtajxh }k bh mbkk}h} tk H~edh#tba} mkxjt} e} e Pejdko ]adh ]cav* Ba} }vhhd a} cepihp tbej Mbepatah} }k bh mej h~edh an bh }xmmhhd} tbhjhrt pkcc*

    Pkcc Mko`et Damh

    Mbepatq ox}t jky tpq tk }teq kj tbh teac kn Oeie~hjdkj}k }bh mej ph eieaj* @ktb pkcc e D56* Oeie~hjdkjpkcc} 9 ejd Mbepatq pkcc} e 5*

    MKO@ET ? MKO@ET ]GACC ' ^HBAMCH OEJKHX^PH 'OEJKHX^PH OKDANAHP ' D56

    Oeie~hjdkj Mko`et ? 2 ' = / 0 ' 9 ? 5>

    Mbepatq Mko`et ? > ' > / 8 ' 5 ? 2

    Mbhmg Te`ch

    Mbepatq a} tbh ettemghp ejd Oeie~hjdkj a} tbh dh /nhjdhp* Oeie~hjdkj ykj }k e} Oeie~hjdkj}tktec ye} tbh baibhp kn tbh tyk! x}aji tbh te`ch#Oeie~hjdkj H~edh}*

    A vatq tbk}h ybk tpq ejd kxtpxj tbh Hjnpkmhp}* qkx oaibt e} yhcc bkcd qkxp `phetb aj }vemh

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    59/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    60/82

    6Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    61/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    62/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    63/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji 8(# }k tbh bemghpok~h} kjtk tbh }hmkjd `cejg ~kcxoh*

    Tbhph a} oxmb okph tk ckkg et mkjjhmthd tk tba} ~kc /xoh ejd tbh bemghp jd} tbh vhp}kjjhc ch} aj D0 "jk

    eppky# jk bemgaji phuxaphd!* Tbh bemghp mej jkyche~h tbh }q}tho xjdhthmthd kp }hh ybet hc}h bhmej jd* Bh dhmadh} tk mkjtajxh ejd be} tbh kvtakjkn tyk }hmxph cajg}*

    Mbkk}aji kjh et pejdko tbh bemghp dkh} jkt gjkyybet} kj tbh ktbhp }adh!# bh hchmt} tk ik yatb tbhtkv cajg chedaji tk tbh `cejg! `xt neac} tbh bemgajipkcc pkccaji 90!* Tbh bemghp dhmadh} tk tpq tbh ktbhp

    cajg `xt neac} tbet tkk "pkccaji >1!* Jky# tbh bemghp mejphoeaj aj tbh Ieae ~kcxoh `xt tbhph a} jktbaji chnt knajthph}t# }k che~h}*

    E d ~ e j m h d B e m g a j i

    Tbh pxch} tbet nkccky edd e~kxp ejd mkovchratq tktbh bemgaji hrvhpahjmh* An tbh bemgaji e`k~ha} hjkxib mkovchratq nkp qkxp ieoh# tbhj qkxgjky hjkxib tk xjdhp}tejd tbh e}am} kn tbh kcxohOev} tbet qkxcc jd aj tbh ]httaji dkmxohjt}*

    Tbh ed~ejmhd pxch} dhec yatb tkkc}# ktbhp A}a} ejdHjtatah} aj tbh }q}tho* Ecc vpkipeo} pxjjaji aj Ieae ephphvph}hjthd `q hjtatah}* Hjtatah} mej `h vxphcq nkp tbhx}h kn ej A}a} vhkvch! kp tbhq mej be~h e yacc kn tbhap kyj / kvhpetaji extkjkokx}cq yatbaj Ieae* ]vhmaeca}tHjtatah} tegh taoh tk vpkipeo kp okjhq tk `xq!* Ej

    A}a} a} e xjauxh e~etep kn tbh mbepemthp yatbaj Ieae*Oxmb cagh e =D okdhc kn e mbepemthp aj e 05}t Mhjtxpqkjcajh pkchvceqaji ieoh# ybamb qkx mkjtpkc* Aj tbhme}h kn tbh A}a}# at vphma}hcq nkccky} qkxp ok~hohjt}*

    Ktbhp A}a} vhkvch! ejd Hjtatah} aj tbh ^O mbejih tbhyeq qkx bemg* Oegh tbh da}tajmtakj htyhhj kcxohHjtatah}# ybamb ca~h aj tbh }q}tho qkx eph bemgaji# ejdtbh Bemgaji Hjtatah} tbet tbh bemghp tegh} aj*

    Hjtatah} eph hatbhp Emta~h kp Ajemta~h* E} tbh jeoh }xi /ih}t}# Emta~h ohej} tbet tbh Hjtatq a} ykpgaji ejd vhp/nkpoaji at} lk`* Tba} a} tbh jkpoec }teth kn ej Hjtatq* EjHjtatq `hmkoh} Ajemta~h ybhj hatbhp }bxt knn kp mkp /pxvthd* Tbh Hjtatq ox}t phtxpj tk tbh Hjtatq Ihjhpetkp `hnkph at mej `hmkoh Emta~h eieaj*

    H~hpq Hjtatq be} e }gacc ch~hc# ohe}xphd e} e vhpmhjt/eih "(!* Tba} a} e ohe}xph kn bky ikkd tbh Hjtatq a}*

    e Mtakj] aj e t xPjBemgaji aj Ieae nkp e mbepemthp a} h}}hjtaeccq e mko /`ajetakj kn tbh paibt Hjtatah} ejd oejxec dhrthpatq* Nkp

    hemb pkcc kn tbh damh tbh vceqhp vhpnkpo}# tbh mbep/emthp a} emtxeccq vbq}ameccq ok~aji epkxjd e jhep/ph/eca}tam =D ykpcd* Tbhphnkph# tbh jxo`hp kn tbaji} tbete Bemghp mej vhpnkpo a} dhvhjdhjt kj tbhap ]bant* An

    266 oach} vhp bkxp et 96 nhht

    nkp 1 deq}

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    64/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    65/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    66/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    67/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    68/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    69/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    70/82

    6Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    71/82

    5Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    72/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    73/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji 4Eih# Mbepemthp =0EA# ]gacc08Egepeg Ept# ]gacc 06Ejtauxatah}# ]gacc 54Epmbathmtxph# ]gacc58Epokxp =4E}tpkohmbejam}# ]gacc 59Extkoetkj# ]gacc 08

    @

    @ettch 1@akckiamec# ]gacc5>@akjam} Dh}aij# ]gacc 0=@akjam} Gjkychdih# ]gacc} 0=@akjam} ]q}tho}# ]gacc 0=@akyhe~h# ]gacc 0=@chjd# ]gacc51@kdq 9 #=4@ktejamec# ]gacc 5>@xacdaji Mko`k} 42

    M

    Mevatec OevMevatec ]bav ]bkktaji Naibthp} 95Napaji et tbh Mevatec ]bav 96Ncqaji Empk}} tbh Oaddch 96

    Mbepemthp mphetakj 9H~kcxtakj 9K~hp~ahy 4=]thv}5* Mkjmhvt 956* V}qmbktbhetpam} =>0* Dh~aejt 2=* ]teta}tam} 24* ]gacc} 568* Mbepemthp Ajnkpoetakj =0

    >* Mck}h Mko`et Mko`k} ==9* @kdq ejd Epokxp =42* Hj`xo`pejmh =41* Pkchvceqaji Vkajt} =8

    Mbepemthp Ajnkpoetakj =0Mbepemthp Jeoh} =0Mbhoamec# ]gacc 59Mck}h Mko`et 4>

    Egepeg Ept 06@ettch }teta}tam 1Dhnhj}a~h Ok~h} 42Bejd ~} @cedh 86Bejd Yhevkj} 86Bhecaji 48Aovpk~a}etakj 41Oxctavch Nkh} 86

    Knnhj}a~h Ok~h} 49Peac Naibtaji 06Phveap 48Ph}kc~aji Ok~hohjt} 4>]tejdaji Xv 49]tphht Naibtaji 51Tegaji Deoeih 4>Tbh Txpj ]huxhjmh 84Txpj ]huxhjmh 4>

    Mkckjq# ]gacc 04Mko`et 44

    Majhoetkipevbam 44Hjthpaji 44]aovca metakj 44Txpj Emtakj} 44

    Mko`et Vackt# ]gacc 01Mko`k}

    @xacdaji 42Pxch} 42

    Mkookdatah}# ]gacc 52Mkjmhvt 9

    Ejd ]ghchtkj 2Mkjmhvt Hreovch 9Mkxj}hc# ]gacc 00Mpatamec} 55

    D

    Deoeiaji ]bahcd} 88Dhhv ]vemh ]me~hjihp 9Dhnhj}a~h Ok~h} 42Dh}mpavtakj# Mbepemthp ==Dh~aejt 9Daeijk}a}# ]gacc 0=Da}m} >Dki ibt Oejkhx~ph Ca}t 82Dki Naibtaji 89

    Hreovch 81Oejkhx~ph Ca}t 82Pkxjdaji ejd Ph}kcxtakj 89Txpj ]huxhjmh 89

    H

    Hmkvkcatamec# ]gacc58Hovetbq# ]gacc 05Hjmxo`pejmh =4Hjhpiq# ]gacc 09Hjthpaji Mko`et 44Hjtatah}

    Bemgaji Hjtatah} >9^kcxoh Hjtatah} >8

    Hvackixh 9=Hvkmb} ]gacc Tphh}! 50Hrvck}a~h}# ]gacc59

    N

    Naphepo} 80Naph ibt Hreovch 8>Naph ibtaji 80

    Deoeiaji ]bahcd} 88Hreovch 8>Bat Okda hp} 84Tbh Txpj ]huxhjmh 84

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    74/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji Nkpihpq# ]gacc58

    I

    Ieae# ]gacc 08Ihjhpec Ncqaji >5Ihjhtam}# ]gacc 5>Ipevbam}# ]gacc 58Ixj Nx# ]gacc =6

    B

    Bemgaji >5Ed~ejmhd Pxch} >4Emtakj} aj e Txpj >8Bemghp Emtakj} Te`ch >8Bemgaji Hjtatah} >9Oejq Kj Kjh >9^kcxoh Hjtatah} >8Tqvh} kn ^kcxoh >0@emg Dkkp >4@cejg >4

    Dete ^kcxoh} >=Hjtatq Ihjhpetkp >=Nkpxo ^kcxoh >=Ajthpnemh >4Cajg ^kcxoh >4Vx`cam ]vemh} >=^kcxoh Mkjtpkcchp >=^kcxoh Oev} >5

    Bemgaji# ]gacc 08Bemgaji Eieaj}t A}a} >9Bejd Yhevkj} 86Bhecaji 48

    Bhe~q Napaji# ]gacc =6Bhaibt# Mbepemthp =0Ba}tkpq# ]gacc58Bat Okda hp} 84

    A

    Amep 8Aovhp}kjetakj# ]gacc 58Aovpk~aji ]gacc} 50Aovpk~a}etakj 41Aj}tpxmtkp Mkxp}h} ]gacc}! 55Ajthppkieth# ]gacc 00Ajtaoadeth# ]gacc 00Ajtpkdxmtakj 8

    L

    Lkxpjeca}o# ]gacc 54Lxovaji Hvkmb} 5=

    G

    C

    Cejixeih# ]gacc 54Cey# ]gacc 54

    Canh 59Caibt Napaji# ]gacc01Ck}aji Mkjtpkc >5

    O

    Oempkhmkckiq# ]gacc 5>Oempkohmbejam}# ]gacc 59Ohet 1Ohmbe}q}# ]gacc 02Ohdamec @e}am# ]gacc00Ohdamec }gacc} 00Oxctavch Nkh} 86

    J

    Jeoh}# Mbepemthp =0Jetxpec @akckiamec Bhecaji 48Jhy ]gacc} 5=

    K

    Knnhj}a~h Ok~h} 49Kpetakj# ]gacc 54K~hp~ahy

    Mbepemthp Mphetakj 9

    V

    Vhp}xedh# ]gacc 00Vbq}amec# ]gacc5>Vamg Vkmght# ]gacc05Vackt# ]gacc02Vcemh kn @aptb# Mbepemthp ==Vcejhtepq Oev 95

    Hjieiaji aj Mko`et 90Ok~hohjt 90Vkajt tk Vkajt 90]teptaji Vcejhtepq Mko`et 95

    Vkyhphd Epokxp "VE! Mko`et# ]gacc 01Vkyhphd Epokxp "VE! X}h# ]gacc 01Vpkiph}}a~h ]gacc} 55V}qmbktbhetpam} =>

    U

    P

    Peac Naibtaji# ]gacc 06Pejih}# Yhevkj 84Phveap 48Phuxaphohjt} 8Ph}hepmb# ]gacc 08Pkchvceqaji ejd ]gacc} 56Pkchvceqaji Vkajt} =8Pkccaji Ajataeta~h 4>Pkxjdaji ejd Ph}kcxtakj 89PV X}h} =8

    ]

    ]mech Yecc# ]gacc 05]meo# ]gacc 52]hdxmh# ]gacc 05]hcn Texibt ]gacc} 55]bahcd}# deoeiaji 88]bant 1]achjt ]bedky# ]gacc 05]ghchtkj 2]ghchtkj}

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    75/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji ^kcxoh Oev} >5^kcxoh Tqvh} >0

    Y

    Yhevkj# ]gacc 09Yhevkj Mko`k} 86Yhevkj Pejih} 84Yhaibt* Mbepemthp =0Yat 1

    R

    Q

    \

    ejd ]teta}tam} 1]ghchtkj ]gacc} 55]gacc} 9#56

    Emedhoae 54ejd @akjam} 50Dan mxctq Te`ch 55Ihttaji jhy 55Aovpk~aji ]gacc} 50Ajataec ^ecxh} 55

    Canh 59Oegaji Jhy 5=Ohdamec }gacc} 00Vpkmxphohjt 55Aj}tpxmtkp Mkxp}h} 55Vpkiph}}a~h ]gacc} 55]hcn Texibt 55]ghchtkj 55Pkchvceqaji ejd ]gacc} 56Te}g ]gacc} 02Thmbjamec }gacc} 04Tphh} 50

    X}aji ]gacc} 56]gacc Tphh} 50]chaibt kn Bejd# ]gacc 05]kmakhmkjkoam}# ]gacc 58]kxc 1]vemh Mko`et >2

    Mevatec Oev >1Mkjtpkccaji e Vcejht 90Txpj Chjitb >2Txpj ]huxhjmh 96

    ]vemh Mpent# ]gacc 0>]tejdaji Xv 49]teptaji ]gacc} 55]teta}tam} 9#2

    @ettch 1Ohet 1]httajiKtbhp }q}tho} 1Vkajt} 1Pejdko 1]bant 1]kxc 1Yat 1

    ]thectb# ]gacc 05]tphhtya}h# ]gacc 51

    ]tphht Dhec# ]gacc 52]tphht Naibtaji# ]gacc 51]tphht Tpedaji# ]gacc 52]tqch# ]gacc 05]xpihpq# ]gacc 0=]q}tho} Phveap 48

    T

    Tegaji Deoeih 4>Te}g }gacc} 02Thmbjamec }gacc} 04Tbh}vaej# ]gacc 58

    Tbh Mevatec Oev >1Ok~hohjt >1Taoaji}# bhecaji ejd phveap 48Txpj Emtakj} 44

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    76/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    77/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    78/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    79/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    80/82

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    81/82

    Hchohjt} ~=*8 5116 kjyepd} P* A* Y* Ceji ok~h} aj e mko`k ecckyhd*

    06< ]ykpd Ne}t Dpey* Dpey }ykpd ejd x}h at aj tbh }eoh txpj*

    =6< Dxec Mko`k}* An ibtaji 0 mko etejt}# kjh mko k mej `he}}aijhd tk hemb kvvkjhjt* Dannhphjt Mko`k} mej `h vhpnkpohd}aoxctejhkx}cq kj dannhphjt nkh}*466< Oecche`ch* Oeq }tacc ettemg ybhj aj e Bkcd `xt mejjkt `pheg nphh ybach ettemgaji*96

  • 8/9/2019 Icar elements35

    82/82