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D` h s n h s tGhsq`c~dsg`h 3

^hbgkn Jhwseghf Nbtn 3

^tghf segt C`d~onhs 3

Sen Fjbjuw 3

Fjbjdsgd Cg|gtg`h Knw >

Cq`gc Tyjdn

Db~tsnqt :

Fnh~t Seqnn 3. l sen e~ojh qjdn( Jh`senq jv gh sengq

twtsno vjt nuyb`gsnc aw sengq dqnjs`qt jhc sen Cq`gct s~qhnc

jfjghts njde `senq( Cq`gc tyjdn djh an tybgs ghs` ljdsg`ht" jqnjt

venqn sen Cq`gct ej|n tybgs ghs` fq`~yt( Sen jqn jyyq`ugojsnbw

> ogbbg`h cgllnqnhs ljdsg`ht( N|nqw twtsno gh Cq`gc tyjdn gt

~sgbgtnc gh sen o`ts `ysgo~o vjw" o`tsbw l`q sen dqnjsg`h `l

o`qn cq`gct jhc t~yy`qs ljdgbgsgnt(

Sen Cq`gct jqn jh nusnonbw y`vnql~b qjdn vgse ghdqncgabn

qnt`~qdnt" gl js jhw sgon ojhw ljdsg`ht m`ghnc s`fnsenq" senh j

d`hdnqsnc %jhc yq`ajabw t~ddnttl~b' nll`qs ojw an ojcn jfjghts

sen e~ojh tyjdn( ^hsgb segt sgon" sen ghfesghf jo`hfts sen

Cq`gct ojknt seno z~gsn ghnllndsg|n jfjghts sen e~ojht( Sen

nonqfnhdn `l sen ljdsg`ht vgsegh sen Cq`gct c`nt egfebgfes

jh`senq `l sengq vnjkhnttnt" sejs senw c` n|`b|n `|nq sgon(

Senqn gt j y`ttgagbgsw sejs t`on ljdsg`ht ojw n|`b|n ghs` j h`h/

|g`bnhs qjdn( Cq`gct jqn `qfjhgtnc aw Ojqk jhc \jqgjhs" senOjqk gt m~ts j vjw `l cgtsghf~gteghf swyn %aw h~oanq'" gs gt h`s

j deq`h`b`fgdjb ojqkghf( \jqgjhs gt j deq`h`b`fgdjb ojqkghf %aw

bnssnq'" sen egfenq sen bnssnq" sen o`qn y`vnql~b sen Cq`gc gt(

Cq`gct jqn nusqnonbw ghsnbbgfnhs jhc vgbb h`s fg|n ~y ~hsgb cnjse(

Senw ej|n sen jagbgsw s` qnyq`c~dn senotnb|nt %fg|nh sen qgfes

qnt`~qdnt' jhc djh sjdsgdjbbw fj~fn |nqw d`oybnu tgs~jsg`ht

lq`o j |nqw `amndsg|n y`ghs `l |gnv( Sengq gcnj `l tnbl/v`qse

`hbw nugtst s` jgc j d`oybnsnc ogttg`h( Sen cq`gct vgbb `hbw

tjdqgdn senotnb|nt gl sen h~oanq l kgbbt gs djh fns gt o`qn sejh

d`hsgh~ghf gst nugtsnhdn( Js sen tsjqs l sen Cq`gc vjq" sen Cq`gct

d`~bc yq`fqjo `senq ojdeghnt s` s~qh jfjghts sengq e~ojh

ojtsnqt( Tghdn sen jc|nhs `l Fjgj jhc sen Fjgj yq`fqjooghf

bjhfj~fn" Cq`gct jqn ~hjabn s` jddntt jhw ojdeghnt vgsegh sen Goynqg~o( Segt ejt nllndsg|nbw ojcn jbb

|negdbnt jhc e`on/tnq|gdn q`a`st tjln lq`o Cq`gct ejdkghf jhc jbsnqghf sengq yq`fqjooghf(

Cq`gct gt j tyndgd hjon l`q segt yjqsgd~bjq qjdn `l kgbbghf ojdeghnt( H`s jbb q`a`st jqn Cq`gct" `hbw

se`tn yq`fqjoonc s` kgbb jqn djbbnc Cq`gct(

D`oo`h Cq`gc Swynt

OK: J e~ojh`gc Cq`gc cntgfhnc l`q

fesghf gh db`tn z~jqsnqt jqnjt( H`qojbbw

~tnc jt td`~st(

OK1 Njqbw ojqkt jqn e~ojh`gc Cq`gct"

`qgfghjbbw sjknh |nq e~ojht a~s bjsnq ojqkt

snhc s` an enj|gnq |nqtg`ht `l OK:t(

OK4 Sen o`ts d`oo`h Cq`gc( OK4 gt j

|nqtjsgbn vjbkghf vnjy`ht ybjsl`qo" djh

djqqw j e~fn jo`~hs `l vnjy`hqw( T~llnqt

lq`o anghf j bgssbn bjqfn gh Onu a~gbcghft(

OK3 Sen Cq`gc nbbgysgdjb fesnq dqjls(^tnc o`tsbw l`q tyjdn ajssbnt jt gs ynql`qot

y``qbw gh jso`tyenqn(

OK> J Fqj| ajtnc |nqtg`h `l sen OK4( H`

qntsqgdsnc s` vjbkghf `h snqqjgh" segt Cq`gc

djh w %tb`vbw" d`oyjqnc s` sen OK3'(

OK< J t~yy`qs Cq`gc( Djqqgnt o~hgsg`ht

jhc tyjqnt" jbt` ghdb~cnt j y`vnql~b joo`

anjonq jhc ojhw tegnbct(

OK6 J |nqw qjqn fqj| ybjsl`qo sejs djh an

~y s` :7 ogbnt gh cgjonsnq" ~tnc l`q ojttg|n

t~yy`qs jhc djqqwghf gtt~nt( Djh bgfes m~oy

|nqw tb`vbw(

OK5 J >9o sjbb dgsw/dq~teghf Cq`gc( D`~bc

an tnnh jt j tdjbnc ~y |nqtg`h `l sen OK4(

OK7 J |nqw tojbb %lq`o >do s` >oo

jdq`tt' yq`an Cq`gc sejs jdst jt tnht`q

vegtknqt l`q jhw b`djb Cq`gct( Djqqgnt |nqw

bgssbn jqojonhs(

OK:9 J l~bbw o`c~bjq Cq`gc sejs djh

jttnoabn jhc qnjttnoabn gstnbl ghs` tn|nqjb

d`hf~qjsg`ht lq`o vjbkghf cq`gc s` wghf

cq`gc( Bjsnqt \jqgjhst ej|n anjonq ~hgst t`

d`hf~qjsg`ht djh ejyynh jhwvenqn(

OK:: / :3 \nqw qjqn bgz~gc onsjb Cq`gct

sejs djh t~tsjgh e~fn jo`~hst `l cjojfn(

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Sen d`~hdgb cnjbt vgse Goynqgjb y`bgdw jhc gt dejgqnc aw sen Noyqntt( Sen Noyqntt ejt hjb tjw

ja`~s jbb ojssnqt a~s h`qojbbw sen ants t`b~sg`h gt ejoonqnc `~s b`hf anl`qn segt d`~hdgb tgst gh jonnsghf(

Goynqgjb Dg|gb D`~hdgb

Segt d`~hdgb cnjbt vgse d`b`hgtjsg`h jhc ojssnqt `l y`vnq vgsegh sen seqnn tnds`qt( Sen Dg|gb

d`~hdgb jbt` cnjbt vgse nuyjhtg`h jhc fqjhst l`q nugtsghf twtsnot( Sen Dg|gb d`~hdgb gt aw ljq sen

bjqfnts `l sen d`~hdgbt jhc d`hsq`bt sen ojm`qgsw `l Goynqgjb l~hct(

Goynqgjb Qnt`~qdn D`~hdgb

Sen qnt`~qdn d`~hdgb d`hsq`bt sen `v `l o`hnw jq`~hc sen Fjbjuw( Aw d`hsq`bbghf o`hnw"

sen d`hsq`b `l ghjsg`h %vegde gt yqjdsgdjbbw ~henjqc `l' jhc sen gtt~ghf `l l~hct jdq`tt sen

Goynqg~o(

Goynqgjb Tsjq Ghc~tsqw D`~hdgbSegt d`~hdgb gt ojcn ~y lq`o sen enjct `l njde `l sen Tsjq Ghc~tsqgnt( Segt D`~hdgb jbb`vt njde

Ghc~tsqw s` |nhs sengq yq`abnot( Sen Noyqntt tgst jt dejgq l segt d`~hdgb gh o`ts tnttg`ht" e`vn|nq

gt `hbw qnjbbw qnz~gqnc venh j cgtjfqnnonhs `dd~qt jdq`tt sen d`~hdgb(

Goynqgjb Ynnqt

Jbse`~fe h`s qnjbbw j d`~hdgb jt t~de" sen Goynqgjb Ynnqt jqn sen Goynqgjb B`qct jhc Bjcgnt ve`

`|nqtnn sen q~hhghf l Qnoojq jhc C`qgjh( Sen Goynqgjb Ynnqt tgs gh tnttg`h qjqnbw" o`ts cgty~snt

jqn tnssbnc djbobw jo`hfts sen Ynnqt venh jvjw lq`o sen Goynqgjb Dqntdnhs( Sen Goynqgjb Ynnqt

o~ts tgs js bnjts `hdn ynq wnjq(

Sen Goynqgjb B`f`= Jh `ynh ejhc twoa`bgtghf lqnnc`o jhc sen j teq~hknh Goynqgjb Tsjq(

Sen Goynqg~o gt h`s d`qq~ys jt hn ogfes nuynds" senw jqn aw sengq |nqw hjs~qn j anhn|`bnhs qfjhgtjsg`h(

Gs gt ~hcnqts``c seq`~fe`~s jbb sen d`~hdgbt sejs segnq jdsg`ht d`~bc tj|n `q cntsq`w sen e~ojh qjdn( Jhw

d`qq~ysg`h gt gooncgjsnbw q``snc `~s jhc qno`|nc gh j d`oybnsnbw y~abgd ojhhnq( T~de yjqjh`gj ja`~s

d`qq~ysg`h gt tnjsnc cnnybw vgsegh Sen Goynqg~o jt sen bjts sgon d`qq~ysg`h vjt jbb`vnc s` tnny gh" gs

bnjc s` j ojttg|n ghsnq/e~ojh vjq %Sen Jqjh Vjq'(

Sen Goynqg~o e`bct j dqntdnhs `l twtsnot gh Qnoojq djbbnc Sen Goynqgjb Dqntdnhs lq`o venqn senw

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fjsenq ghl`qojsg`h" e`bc lntsg|jbt jhc jbb`v yn`ybn j ybjdn s`

|nhs sengq lnjqt jhc v`qqgnt( Sen Goynqgjb Dqntdnhs gt j egfesnde jhc egfe t`dgjb o`cnb l`q sen qnts `l sen e~ojh qjdn

jhc jssqjdst ogbbg`ht `l e`bgcjw ojknqt njde wnjq jt vnbb jt

a~tghnttnt ve` anbgn|n sejs anghf db`tn s` sen tnjs `l y`vnq

ojknt seno o`qn y`vnql~b(

Ts j q Lb n n sJt sen hjon t~ffntst" Tsjq Lbnns gt j nns `l tyjdn dqjls

sejs cnlnhc sen e~ojh qjdn jfjghts sen Cq`gct jhc `senq

`~stgcn `l sen Goynqg~o Gh|jcnqt( Sen Lbnns gt tybgs ghs`

seqnn D`oojhct= Ajssbn D`oojhc" T~yy`qs D`oojhcjhc D`b`hgjb D`oojhc( Ajssbn D`oojhc d`hsjght jbb sen

dqjls jhc vjqqg`qt vegde c` sen fesghf( T~yy`qs D`oojhc

jqqjhfnt l`q sen dqjls gh Ajssbn D`oojhc s` an qnyjgqnc

jhc t~yybgnc( D`b`hgjb D`oojhc |gtgst twtsnot vgsegh sen

lqghfn" jdst jqagsqjs`q jhc n|nh `llnqt Goynqgjb yq`sndsg`h s`

t`on twtsnot( Tsjq Lbnns ~tnt sen |nqw egfents sndeh`b`fw s`

d`oajs sen Cq`gct jhc ejt cgtd`|nqnc sjdsgdt jhc onse`ct

l`q d`oajssghf seno( Ojhw `l sen tegyt gh sen Lbnns %qjhfghf

lq`o ojttg|n Ajssbntegy c`vh s` tojbb jhc ljts Dbgyynqt'

tynhc sengq sgon yjsq`bbghf sen bgfes m~oy hnst vegde t~qq`~hc

sen ncfnt `l sen tnds`qt sejs a`qcnq vgse sen Cq`gct" vjgsghf

l`q jhw tegy s` an dj~fes dq`ttghf sen bghn( Tsjq Lbnns jbt`

d`hsjght j h~oanq `l y`vnqnc jqo`~q l``s t`bcgnqt djbbnc

Sq``ynqt" j tnbnds lnv and`on egfebw sqjghnc Tyndgjb L`qdnt

jhc sen |nqw ants jqn ojcn ghs` sen Nbgsn(

Ts j q Td gn h s gl gd jVgse d`b`hgnt ybjdnc jdq`tt t~de j e~fn cgtsjhdn" gs vjt

h`sgdnc sejs jhw tdgnhsgd cgtd`|nqgnt s``k ojhw wnjqt s`

yq`bglnqjsn seq`~fe sen d`b`hgnt( Tsjq Tdgnhsgdj %Tsjq Tdg'

vjt dqnjsnc jt j dnhsqn `l jdjcnogd vgtc`o jhc qntnjqde(

Ojhw `l sen fqnjs tdgnhsgtst `dknc s` an yjqs `l sen

Goynqg~o l~hcnc qntnjqde( Tsjq Tdg gt h`v egfebw tndqnsg|n"

ojhw `l sen ghtsjbbjsg`ht gs d`hsq`bt jqn d`oybnsnbw egccnh

ja`~s sen fjbjuw %n|nh gh Cq`gc tyjdn'( Ojhw `l sen jqnj `l

sndeh`b`fw senw qntnjqde ghs` jqn knys jvjw lq`o sen y~bgd

nwn jhc jqn qnjbnjtnc venh gs gt cnnonc tjln s` c` t`( Segt gt

tnnh jt tj|ghf sen y~abgd lq`o senotnb|nt jhc ejt yq`|nc

s` an j |nqw f``c gcnj( @senq ygndnt `l sndeh`b`fw jqn ljgqbw

cgtsq~snc s` sen d`oyjhgnt vegde senw ojw jgc" se~t a~oyghf

~y sen bn|nb `l sndeh`b`fw(

Goynqgjb QjhktSen Goynqg~o dqnjsnc sen qjhk tsq~ds~qn

s` fg|n d`oojhc qnty`htgagbgsgnt jdq`tt

sen Tsjq Ghc~tsqgnt( L`q nujoybn" j Djysjgh

gh sen Lbnns `~sqjhkt j Tsjq Abjcn gh sen

Nhl`qdnqt( Senqn jqn nudnysg`ht s` sen

q~bn" a~s sentn jqn h`qojbbw ajtnc ~y`h sen

qntynds l`q j yjqsgd~bjq fesghf ~hgs(

Tsnnb Sen b`vnts `l sen b`v( N|nqw`hn gh

sqjghghf gt j Tsnnb( Lnv yn`ybn qnojgh j

Tsnnb seq`~fe sengq ve`bn djqnnq(

Abjcn Sen qts bn|nb `l qnty`htgabgsw" j

Abjcn gt senqn s` o`sg|jsn sen Tsnnbt(Tsjq Abjcn Sen qts qjhk s` ghdb~cn jhw

t`qs `l d`oojhc( Tsjq Abjcnt jqn tz~jc

bnjcnqt gh Tsjq Lbnns" jqnj `ldnqt gh sen

Tsjq Nhl`qdnqt jhc tnhg`q qntnjqdenqt gh

Tsjq Tdg(

Ogqjh Segt gt sen b`vnts d`oojhc

qjhk( Venh jh ghcg|gc~jb te`vt j o`qn

yq`h`~hdnc sjbnhs l`q sen m`a jhc sen jagbgsw

s` ojhjfn jhc bnjc" senw djh and`on

Ogqjh(

Abjcn Ogqjh H`s o~de cgllnqnhs sejh

Ogqjh" te`vt jccnc qnty`htgabgsw(Tsjq OgqjhH`s o~de cgllnqnhs lq`o Abjcn

Ogqjh" j Tsjq Ogqjh v`~bc h`qojbbw ej|n 19

s` >9 yn`ybn v`qkghf ~hcnq seno(

Lgqn Ogqjh Segt qjhk gt h`qojbbw qntnq|nc

l`q se`tn yn`ybn ve` jqn `h sen aqghk `l

and`oghf j Djysjgh( J d`oojhcnq te`~bc

an jabn s` c` sen m`a `l sen Djysjgh s` ve`o

senw jqn tnd`hc s`(

Djysjgh H`qojbbw gh d`oojhc `l ojhw

yn`ybn vgsegh j tghfbn ~hgs( Sen qjhk `l

Djysjgh gt h`qojbbw l`~hc jt Djysjgh `l

j Tegy `q Enjc `l Tsjq Nhl`qdnqt `h j

D`b`hw(

Jcogqjb Jbb sen Jcogqjb qjhkt snhc s` an

tsqjsnfw m`at" qjsenq sejh sjdsgdjb m`at( Segt

gt sen qts bn|nb t~de qnty`htgabgsw(

Abjcn Jcogqjb J ghcgtsghf~gtejabn tsny

ja`|n Jcogqjb(

Tsjq Jcogqjb H`qojbbw gh d`oojhc `l

jh jqnj `l qnty`htgagbgsw" bgkn sen Tsjq Lbnns

Tyndgjb L`qdnt(

Lgqn Jcogqjb O`ts `l sen Goynqgjb d`~hdgbt

jqn Lgqn Jcogqjbt(

Lgqn B`qc Sen enjc `l njde Tsjq Ghc~tsqw(

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Ts jq Dg|gb gt j s g`hVenh Noynq`q O`qg~t cgnc" egt bnls j bgts `l m`at l`q egt

t~ddntt`q s` c`( Sentn vnqn seghft en anbgn|nc vnqn |nqw

goy`qsjhs" a~s hn|nq f` q`~hc s` c`ghf( Tsjq Dg|gbtjsg`h %Tsjq

Dg|' vjt `hn `l sentn( Tsjq Dg| vjt tns ~y s` ojkn t~qn sejs

n|nqw d`b`hw ejc jcnz~jsn l``c" oncgdjb jhc nc~djsg`hjb

ljdgbgsgnt( Tsjq Dg| nllndsg|nbw q~ht n|nqw oncgdjb ~hgs( Tsjq

Dg| gt jbt` qnty`htgabn l`q dqnjsghf jhc l`tsnqghf hnv d`b`hgnt(

Segt ghdb~cnt sen tjhdsg`hghf `l hnv twtsnot jt goynqgjb `hnt

jhc jbsnqjsg`ht s` sen bgfes m~oy hns( Tsjq Dg| jbt` tyndgnt jhc

d`hsq`bt sen gtt~n `l bgdnhtnt %tnn qgfes'(

Tsjq Dg| gt sen tnd`hc bjqfnts Tsjq Ghc~tsqw %jlsnq sen Tsjq

Nhl`qdnqt' jhc ejt ejc j e~fn goyjds gh sen nc~djsg`h `h

ybjhnst( Anl`qn Tsjq Dg|" ojhw yn`ybn d`~bc h`s hc m`at jt senw

cgc h`s ej|n sen d`qqnds z~jbgdjsg`ht" sentn z~jbgdjsg`h vnqn

`lsnh nuynhtg|n seq`~fe yqg|jsn onjht( H`v" Tsjq Dg| yq`|gcnt

sen snjdeghf tnq|gdn l`q lqnn( Jhw`hn ve` vgtent s` bnjqh" ojw(

Ojhw ej|n %jhc vgbb' jqf~n sejs sen Goynqg~o vjhst s` d`hsq`b

vejs yn`ybn seghk jhc sen ants vjw s` c` segt gt s` d`hsq`b sen

nc~djsg`h `l degbcqnh( Segt gt y~qnbw d`hmnds~qn jhc senqn jqn h`

ghcgdjsg`ht sejs sen bntt`ht sj~fes ej|n dejhfnc gh d`hsnhs(

Tsjq Dg| jbt` d`hsq`bt oncgdjb ljdgbgsgnt `h njde d`b`hw" ojkghf

t~qn sejs senqn jqn jcnz~jsn e`tygsjb jt vnbb jt qjygc qnty`htn

ljdgbgsgnt( Tsjq Dg| ejt goyq`|nc sen tgs~jsg`h `h o`ts twtsnot"

jbse`~fe sen h~oanq `l oncgdt j|jgbjabn l`q egqn gt tbgo(

Ts j q Nh l ` q d n q t@qgfghjbbw" gs vjt sen ghsnhsg`h sejs Tsjq Lbnns vnqn s` y`bgdn

tyjdn jhc d`b`hgnt v`~bc b``k jlsnq sengq vh jlljgqt( E`vn|nq"

vgse sen jc|nhs `l Fjgj" gs vjt h`sgdnc sejs j b`s `l dqgont vnqn

f`ghf ~ht`b|nc venh sen d~byqgs v`~bc bnj|n sen twtsno jhc cgtjyynjq( Sen Tsjq Nhl`qdnqt qnybjdnc j

d`qq~ys jhc ~hcnq/qnt`~qdnc ghsnqtnbbjq y`bgdn l`qdn %djbbnc sen LNCT'( ^sgbgtghf sengq `vh nns jhc j

vnjbse `l qnt`~qdnt senw jqn jabn s` knny nudnbbnhs bjv jhc `qcnq `h d`b`hgnt jhc gh tyjdn jq`~hc seno(

Sen Nhl`qdnqt jqn tybgs ghs` l`~q Cg|gtg`ht( Tsjq cnjbt vgse sen tyjdn dqjls jhc cnlnhct jfjghts ygqjsnt(

Gh|ntsgfjsg`h cnjbt vgse ojssnqt `l ghsnqtnbbjq goy`qsjhdn %yjqsgd~bjqbw cjhfnq`~t dqgoghjbt'( D`b`hgjb gt

aw ljq sen bjqfnts `l sen cg|gtg`ht jhc ghdb~cnt jbb sen y`bgdn `h d`b`hgnt knnyghf bjv jhc `qcnq( Sen bjts

cg|gtg`h gt M~tsgdn twtsno jhc cnjbt vgse goyqgt`honhs jhc nund~sg`h %cnynhcghf `h b`djb bjv'(

D` q y` q j s g` h tOjhw wnjqt jf`" d`qy`qjsg`ht vnqn jabn s` d`hsq`b sen nd`h`ogd tsjhcghf `l j d`b`hw( Segt bnjc s`

d`qq~ysg`h jhc y`vnqo`hfnqghf( Sen ojm`qgsw ghsnqtnds`q d`y`qjsg`ht `l s`cjw jqn o~de o`qn d`/

`ynqjsg|n" v`qkghf vgse d`b`hgnt s` yq`c~dn j anssnq nd`h`ogd nh|gq`honhs( Sen h~oanq `l l~bbw

BgdnhtntSen Bgdnhtn twtson vjt dqnjsnc s` jbb`v

sen Tsjq Nhl`qdnqt anssnq d`hsq`b `|nq vejs

yn`ybn djh jhc djh h`s c`( Sen bgdnhtn

twtsno jbt` jbb`vt d`qy`qjsg`ht s` hc `~s

vejs sen noyb`wnn gt jabn s` c` bnfjbbw(

Bgdnhtnt d`on gh sv` dbjttnt" se`tn sejs jqn

j~s`ojsgd %J' jhc se`tn sejs ej|n s` an njqhs

aw z~jbgdjsg`h %Z'( Sen bgdnhtnt jqn ts`qnc

h`s `hbw `h sen Dg|gbgtjsg`h d`oy~snq a~s

jbt` `h sen Fjgjmjdk `l sen `vhnq(

Jqdegsnds~qjb %Z' Jbb`vt jqdegsndst s`

cntgfh hnv ``qt l`q Onu a~gbcghft(Jqot Cnjbghf %Z' Jbb`vt tnbb jhc dqnjsn

jqot(

D`qy`qjsg`h %J' Jbb`vt `vhnq s` tns ~y j

d`qy`qjsg`h(

Cnny Tyjdn %J' Jbb`vt sen `vhnq s` dq`tt

sen bgfes m~oy hns gh sen b`hn twtsnot(

Nuyb`tg|nt %Z' Jbb`vt `vhnq s` a~w" tns

jhc ~tn nuyb`tg|nt(

G`h %Z' Jbb`vt `vhnq s` a~w" `ynqjsn jhc

dqnjsn G`h nhnqfw twtsnot(

Bjv %Z' Jbb`vt `vhnq s` v`qk jt j bjvwnq(

Oncgdjb %Z' Jbb`vt `vhnq s` yqjdsgtnoncgdghn(

Tsjq Dqjls %J' Jbb`vt `vhnq s` `ynqjsn

Tsjq Dqjls(

Tsjq Dqjls D`htsq~dsg`h %Z' Jbb`vt vhnq

s` t~ynq|gtn sen qnyjgq `q d`htsq~dsg`h `l

Tsjq Dqjls(

Sqjcn %Z' Jbb`vt `vhnq s` sqjcn `|nq :99S

`l f``ct(

Vnjy`h %J' Jbb`vt `vhnq s` anjq jqot(

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ghsnqtnds`q d`y`qjsg`ht gt tojbb a~s tgfhgdjhs" nh`~fe s` jbb`v sen `v `l o`hnw jhc qnt`~qdnt

ansvnnh tnds`qt( D`qy`qjsg`ht jqn o~de bgkn gh jhw `senq sgon" senw nuyjhc jhc jssnoys s` ojkn bglnejqc l`q sen d`oynsgsg`h vegbn yq`c~dghf f``ct l`q twtsnot jhc ghcg|gc~jbt( E`vn|nq" ~hbgkn jhw `senq

sgon" senqn gt |nqw bgssbn gbbnfjb `ynqjsg`ht gh sen ghsnqtnds`q d`qy`qjsg`ht `l 71917 jt senqn gt t` |nqw

o~de s` b``tn(

Goynq gj b B`q ct jh c Bjc gntSen Goynqgjb B`qct jhc Bjcgnt %jkj Goynqgjb Ynnqt'

`|nqtnn jhc q~bn C`qgjh jhc Qnoojq( Aw sengq |nqw

hjs~qn" senw c` h`s ghsnq|nhn ~hbntt djbbnc l`q" senw jqn sen

noogttjqgnt `l sen Goynqg~o jhc te`~bc an tgbnhs gh sengq

v`qk( E`vn|nq tgbnhs senw jqn" sen Goynqgjb Ynnqt and`ont`onvejs `l j f~qnenjc `l sen twtsnot senw `|nqtnn(

Sen fnhnqjb y~abgd tnn sengq B`qc jt sen ~bsgojsn yq`abno

t`b|nq jt sen Ynnq gt h`qojbbw qnz~gqnc s` t`b|n bjqfn"

twtsno vgcn yq`abnot t~de jt l``c `q jgq te`qsjfnt(

L~hcghf gt fg|nh s` sen B`qct jhc Bjcgnt aw sen Goynqg~o

s` jvjqc s` twtsnot sejs ej|n ngsenq te`vh yq`ogtn `q

ej|n ljbbnh `h ejqc sgont( Sen dqgsnqgj l`q jvjqct gt

bjqfnbw bnls gh sen qnjbo l sen Ynnqt( @senq l~hcghf gt lsnh

qncgqndsnc ghs` snjot `l sq`~abnte``snqt jhc gh|ntsgfjs`qt

~hcnq sen d`htsjhs yjw `l sen Ynnq( Sentn fq`~yt jssnoys

s` t`b|n yq`abnot gh j z~gns jhc fq`~hc bn|nb vjw qjsenq sejh ~tghf sen bjqfn tdjbn nd`h`ogd y`vnqt `l

sen Ynnqt(

Njde Ynnq jbt` ejt j Sqjcn Hj|w( Sentn tyjdn dqjls jqn `vhnc jhc `ynqjsnc aw sen Ynnq( Sqjcn q`~snt

vegde v`~bc h`s an |gjabn l`q j h`qojb sqjcnq vgbb an fg|nh s` sen Sqjcn Hj|w %jt senw c` h`s hnnc s`

yjw sjunt s` sen Ynnq'( Sqjcn Hj|gnt jqn qntnhsnc aw sen fnhnqjb sqjcghf y~abgd a~s senw jqn ~hcnqts``c

jt j hndnttjqw n|gb(

O`ts db~tsnqt jhc twtsnot snhc s` tsjw ~hcnq sen d`hsq`b `l sen tjon Ynnq( E`vn|nq" sen Ynnqt djh tvjy

twtsnot ansvnnh seno %jt b`hf jt sen fnhnqjb y~abgd |`sn gh lj|`~q'( Jh`senq onse`c l`q dejhfghftwtsnot gt venh sen d`~hdgb `l sen twtsno |`sn jfjghts sen Ynnq vgse sen t~yy`qs `l sen y~abgd jhc sen

ghc~tsqgnt `h ybjhns( Segt gt o`qn d`oo`h a~s lq`vhnc ~y`h aw sen Goynqgjb Dg|gb D`~hdgb( H`qojbbw"

sen d`b`hw vgbb `hbw |`sn jfjghts gs gl senqn ejt annh j tnqg`~t ogtdjqqgjfn `l m~tsgdn(

Goynqgjb Ynnq Y`vnqt

Goy`tn Sqjcn Q`~snt(

Segt l`qdnt d`qy`qjsg`ht `h j d`b`hw s`

sqjcn j dnqsjgh h~oanq `l ~hgst njde o`hses` jh`senq d`b`hw js j a~cfns yqgdn(

Djbb D`~hdgb Nbndsg`ht(

Gl sen B`qc q Bjcw anbgn|nt sejs sen d`b`hwt

d`~hdgb jqn h`s jcoghgtsnqghf d`qqndsbw" senw

djh djbb l`q j qn/nbndsg`h(

Ts`y Jhw D`qy`qjsg`h lq`o c`ghf

a~tghntt gh sengq snqqgs`qw(

J qjqnbw ~tnc y`bgdw sejs jbb`vt jh nusqj bn|nb

`l yq`sndsg`h lq`o y`vnql~b d`qy`qjsg`ht(

Segt y`vnq vjt `lsnh ~tnc gh sen yjts" venh

sen d`qy`qjsg`ht

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Se n Tn d s ` q tSen qnjt`h l`q tndsg`hghf |`b~ont `l tyjdn gt b`hf tghdn annh l`qf`ssnh( H`v sen a`~hcjqgnt tnq|n jt j

vjw s` tndsg`h tyjdn l`q d`hsq`b jhc s` te`v sen |jts cgllnqnhdnt ansvnnh sen ndh`ogd jhc sndeh`b`fgdjb

ojkn~y `l sen db~tsnqt ghtgcn seno( Senqn jqn seqnn tnds`qt ~hcnq e~ojh d`hsq`b" Tjwtenbb" C`qgjh jhc

Qnoojq( Tjwtenbb gt sen e`on l Tsjq Lbnns jhc gt yq`tynq`~t jhc |nqw egfe snde( C`qgjh e`bct sen qngfht

`l yq`c~dsg`h jhc gt o`tsbw ghc~tsqgjb jhc sqjcn `qgnhsjsnc( Qnoojq" hnvbw qnsjknh lq`o sen Cq`gct

gt sen tnds`q `l nuyjhtg`h jhc hnv `yy`qs~hgsgnt( Tnds`qt djh an l~qsenq aq`knh c`vh ghs` db~tsnqt( J

db~tsnq gt j fq`~y `l tsjqt sejs jqn tyjdgjbbw db`tn s` njde `senq( Db~tsnqt snhc s` ej|n tgogbjq nd`h`ognt

jhc tejqn sqjcn jt sen cgtsjhdnt l`q sen sqjhty`qsjsg`h l f``ct gt z~gsn tojbb( Tnyjqjsghf sen tnds`qt lq`o

sen Lqghfn jhc Cq`gc tyjdn gt j Bgfes M~oy Hns( Segt hns vgbb ts`y jhw dqjls bgfes m~oyghf seq`~fe ghs`

sen tnds`q tyjdn( Gl j dqjls bgfes m~oyt se`~fe segt : bgfes wnjq segdk ajqqgnq" gs vgbb an y~bbnc `~s `l gst

m~oy jhc Tsjq Lbnns jqn j~s`ojsgdjbbw h`sgnc(

Sen Jhj s `ow l j Tnd s ` qO`ts tnds`qt b``k z~gsn cgllnqnhs gh sengq ojkn ~y a~s jbb ej|n t`on tgogbjqgsgnt

ansvnnh seno( Tjwtenbb gt te`vh jt jh nujoybn %qgfes'( Sen ojyt jqn j

thjyte`s sjknh lq`o sen s`y" jbb sen db~tsnqt jqn d`oyqnttnc js( Jt sen tygqjb

jqo gt nbbgysgdjb gh dq`tt/tndsg`h" sen sen cgtsjhdn s` sen b`hn twtsnot s` sen s`y

`l sen jqo gt sen tjon jt gs gt s` sen ncfn( Segt gt j tgoybgdjsg`h a~s tnnot s`

v`qk vnbb l`q o`ts djbd~bjsg`ht(

Sen ojgh lnjs~qnt `l j tnds`q jqn=Sen Dnhsqjb Jqo= Sen dnhsqjb jqo gt sen hjon fg|nh s` sen aqgfes tndsg`h

q~hhghf c`vh sen dnhsqn `l sen tnds`q(

Db~tsnqt= J cjqk bghn ansvnnh njde `l sen tndsg`ht jqn sen ojqkghft cnhghf

db~tsnqt( Se`tn db~tsnqt sejs jqn aqgfes ej|n ojhw tsjqt" sen cjqknq `hnt c`

h`s(

Sen Lqghfn= Sen jqnj `~stgn sen Bgfesm~oy hns gt sen s`y jhc a`ss`o ncfnt `l sen gojfn( Sen nudnysg`h

s` segt gt sen vegsn bghn" vegde te`vt sen bgfesm~oy hns( @~stgcn segt gt sen B`hn Twtsnot `q Lqghfn(

Tj w te n b b

Lgqts y`y~bjsnc gh sen ::se ogbbnhgj" Tjwtenbb anfjh jt j dnhsqn `l bnjqhghf jhc d`oonqdn( Gs qnojghncbgkn segt ~hsgb Tsjq Lbnns o`|nc gst `ynqjsg`h senqn c~qghf sen Jqjh Vjq" anghf sen `hbw qnjbbw Goynqg~o

tjln tnds`q gh sen O`qyen~t Jqo( Tghdn senh" Sen Tsjq Lbnns yq`sndsnc jhc b``knc jlsnq Tjwtenbb o`qn

t` sejh jhw `senq tnds`q( Venh sen vjq jfjghts sen Cq`gct b``knc bgkn jbb vjt b`ts" sen Lbnns qnsqnjsnc

s` Tjwtenbb jhc vgse sen jgc `l Tsjq Tdg knys sen Cq`gct `~s( Tjwtenbbt nd`h`ow qn|`b|nt jq`~hc

sndeh`b`fw jhc bnjqhghf vgse l``c yq`c~dsg`h d`oghf j db`tn tnd`hc( D`oyjqjsg|nbw bgssbn gt jds~jbbw

ojh~ljds~qnc gh Tjwtenbb" jbse`~fe o`ts gh|nhsg`ht qgfghjsn senqn( Tjwtenbb c`nt h`s ej|n jhw Goynqgjb

B`qct gh d`hsq`b" gs jcoghgtsnqt gst d`b`hgjb d`~hdgbt seq`~fe D`b`hgjb D`oojhc( Tjwtenbb gt aw ljq sen

qgdents jhc o`ts sndeh`b`fgdjb twtsno gh sen e~ojh tyjdn" aw bg|ghf senqn w`~ jqn jtt~qnc j m`a" n|nh gl

gs gt gh Tsjq Lbnns(

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Tj w te n b bDb~tsnq Knw

:( S~q~t

1( Q`ojq

4( Hg`yjk

3( Hjffjdenl

>( \gsnq`

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C`q gj hSen Vjq @l C`qgjh vjt sen db`tghf dejysnq `l sen Cq`gc

Vjq" venqn Tsjq Lbnns ejc j bgogsnc yqntnhdn %`hbw c~n s` gst

yq`ugogsw s` Tjwtenbb' a~s sen d`b`hgtst ve` ejc qnsqnjsnc

jhc l`~fes sengq vjw `~s `l n|nqw twtsno ~y ~hsgb senh

vnqn h`s f`ghf s` bns C`qgjh jhc jbb gst qnt`~qdnt s` ljbb s`

sen Cq`gct( Jbse`~fe sen tyjdn vjt gh|jcnc" gs vjt hn|nq

nhsgqnbw `dd~ygnc" sen e~ojh ghejagsjhst fg|ghf j ejqc

qntgtsnhdn( Sen Goynqg~o t``h s``k sen tnds`q ajdk jt sen

ojhw twtsnot wngbcnc o~de hnncnc qnt`~qdnt sejs vnqn h`s

j|jgbjbn gh nh`~fe z~jhsgsw gh Tjwtenbb( C`qgjh fqnv `hdn

o`qn jt sen yq`c~dsg`h dnhsqn `l sen fjbjuw `hdn sen Cq`gctvnqn nuynbbnc( H`v C`qgjh yq`c~dnt sen o`ts qjv ojsnqgjbt

jhc sndeh`b`fgdjb f``ct `l sen seqnn tnds`qt jhc d`hsgh~nt s`

fq`v nd`h`ogdjbbw( Jbse`~fe ojhw `l sen twtsnot ej|n annh

hnfbndsnc gh sengq ~yfqjcn |nq sen wnjqt jhc ojhw l sen e~bkt

sejs sqj|nqtn sen b`hf abjdk sqjcn q`~snt jqn `bc jhc `t`bnsn"

sen tnds`q v`qkt vnbb( Senw u seghft hbw venh senw and`on

aq`knh" s` c` anl`qn gt vjtsn ~hbntt j tgfhgdjhs goyq`|nonhs

gh ynql`qojhdn gt fjghnc( C`qgjh gt d`hsq`bbnc aw j tnbndsg`h

`l Goynqgjb B`qct ve` jds jt `|nqtnnqt s` nbndsg`ht" nd`h`ogd

qnbjsg`ht jhc sqjcn ghc~dnqt(

Qnoojq@ynh h`v l`q `hbw sv` wnjqt" Qnoojq gt j ncfbghf tnds`q

vgse `hn |nqw goy`qsjhs qnt`~qdn; l``c( Jt sen e~ojh qjdn

fqnv gh sen `senq sv` tnds`qt" gs vjt t``h dbnjq sejs gs v`~bc

an goy`ttgabn s` lnnc n|nqw`hn vgse sen l``c j|jgbjabn( O`qn

nll`qs vjt y~s ghs` `ynhghf Qnoojq jhc venh gs vjt hjbbw

`ynhnc l`q sen fnhnqjb y~abgd s` d`b`hgtn" j z~jqsnq `l sen

e~ojh y`y~bjsg`h `dknc senqn s` tsjqs ~y dq`lst %tojbb" tnbl

t~ldgnhs ljqot'( Qnoojqt l~hdsg`h gt s` yq`c~dn l``c jhc

jbb`v yqg|jsn nhsnqyqgtn s` `~qgte( ^hl`qs~hjsnbw" senqn gt h`s

wns nh`~fe qnt`~qdnt d`oghf ~s l Qnoojq s` ojkn Goynqgjb

B`qct `|nqtnnghf jbb sen twtsnot v`qsevegbn( S` d`oajs segt

yq`abno" sen Goynqg~o ej|n cndqnnc sejs h`s jbb twtsnot anfgh

jt Goynqg~o twtsnot jhc senw o~ts yq`|nc senotnb|nt anl`qn

and`oghf Tjhdsg`hnc(

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C`q gj hDb~tsnq Knw

:( Ajnbnqgt

1( Jkjq

:>

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Db ~ t s n q tJ ve`bn tnds`q gt j bjqfn jqnj s` jcoghgtsnq vgse`~s l~qsenq tndsg`hghf( J db~tsnq gt j fq`~y `l tsjq

jqqjhfnc gh fn`fqjyegdjb yq`ugogsw %senw jqn hnjq njde `senq' jhc jt j qnt~bs `l segt tejqn sqjcn jhc

nd`h`ognt( J db~tsnq djh an jhw h~oanq `l twtsnot lq`o 1 s` 19( Anb`v gt j bgts `l db~tsnqt vegde jqn

goy`qsjhs s` h`sn(

Sen Goynq gj b Dq nt dn hsCnny vgsegh sen enjqs l Qnoojq" sen Goynqgjb Dqntdnhs gt j db~tsnq vegde qntnoabnt j dqntdnhs gl |gnvnc

cgqndsbw lq`o ja`|n sen fjbjdsjb jugt( Sen Goynqgjb Dqntdnhs vjt a~gbs nusqnonbw z~gdkbw jhc gt sen e`on

`l sen Noynq`q" Tsjq Tdgnhsgdj jhc Sen Tsjq Nhl`qdnqt( Sen sndeh`b`fw `l sen Goynqgjb Dqntdnhs gt

tnd`hc `hbw s` Jqds~q~t %Tsjq Lbnnst e`on' a~s gt jbt` sen dnhsqn `l jqs jhc e~ojhgsjqgjh gtt~nt jtvnbb(

Ojhw `l sen Ghsnqtsnbbjq d`qy`qjsg`ht o`|nc sengq `ynqjsg`h s` Sen Dqntdnhs y~qnbw l`q sen yqntsgfn `langhf gh sen tjon db~tsnq jt sen Noynq`q( Sqjcn" jt w`~ v`~bc nuynds" gt abgtsnqghfbw egfe jq`~hc sen

db~tsnq( Sen db~tsnq jbt` ejt j ghc~tsqgjb ncfn" gs gt qnty`htgabn l`q sen yq`c~dsg`h j e~fn jo`~hs `l l``c

vegde tnq|nt bntt l`qs~hjsn db~tsnqt jq`~hc gs( Sen Goynqgjb Dqntdnhs gt j teghghf nujoybn l`q sen qnts `l

sen e~ojh qjdn(

Se n S~ q ~ t Db ~ t s n qTghdn sen Sen Tsjq Lbnns vjt qts dqnjsnc jt Tsnbbj Lbnns gh >599" sen S~q~t db~tsnq %: `h sen Tjwtenbb

F~gcn' ejt annh gst e`on( A`jtsghf sen bjqfnts d`b`hgnt jhc Tsjq Ajtnt" sen S~q~t db~tsnq gt z~gsn sen

dnhsqn `l sndeh`b`fw jhc bnjqhghf( Sen S~q~t db~tsnq yq`c~dnt l``c jhc tsjqdqjls" jt vnbb jt sqjghghf l`q

sen Tsjq Lbnns( Gst nudnbbnhs y`tgsg`h bnj|nt gs `ynh s` sqjcn lq`o sen `senq tnds`qt jhc gt aw ljq sen o`tsjc|jhdnc db~tsnq gh sen fjbjuw(

Q` oj q Db ~ t s n qY`y~bjsnc aw Q`ojq Togse gh

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jbb`vghf sen Jkjqjk yn`ybn s` ej|n o`qn lqnnc`o lq`o sen d`htsqjghst `l sen nbcnqt vgtent( Sgont

t``h dejhfnc jhc sen d`b`hgnt gh Ajbnqgt o`|nc jvjw lq`o sen Jkjqjk vjw `l seghkghf" gs ejt knys gstd~bs~qjb tgfhgdjhdn jhc gst bnjcghf twtsno Jdnqghn Yqgon gt j f``c nujoybn `l j twtsno vgse jbb sen

f``c jtyndst `l Jkjqjkgjh gcnjt(

Jk j q Db ~ t s n qSen Jkjq Db~tsnq vjt qts tnssbnc gh 3991 aw Mnancgje Jkjqjk( Mnancgje anbgn|nc sejs s` bnjc j b`hf

jhc enjbsew bgln a`se Oghc jhc A`cw o~ts an nuyjhcnc jhc ynqt~nc( Sen qts d`b`hgnt tsjq|nc jt sen

d`b`hgnt tybgs sengq sgon n|nhbw ansvnnh nhd`~qjfghf sengq oghc tsjsn jhc c`ghf c~sgnt h sen ljqot( Segt

bnjc s` ojhw ejqte vghsnqt venqn e~hcqnct cgnc seq`~fe tsjq|jsg`h( Sen l``c sejs vjt dqnjsnc ajqnbw

lnc sen y`y~bjdn" t` bgssbn sqjcn vjt c`hn( Sen db~tsnq vjt z~gdkbw y`y~bjsnc aw yn`ybn `l sen Jkjqjk

hjsg`h %ojhw s``k t~qhjont vgse JK s` te`v sengq jlbgjsg`h' jhc tb`vbw sen vnjbse jhc y`vnq `lsentn tnnoghfbw `cc/ajbb yn`ybn anfjh s` fq`v( Segt fq`vse vjt ojttg|nbw jgcnc aw sen Jkjqjk Jgc

Lbnns ve`tn m`a gs vjt s` ts`y d`b`hgnt lq`o cwghf `~s(

Sen cnsjgbt `l sen Jkjqjk hjsg`h jqn cgtd~ttnc bjsnq( H`v sen db~tsnq gt j seqg|ghf sqjcn t`~qdn jt vnbb

jt d~bs~qjb dnhsqn( Sen tsqgds Jkjqjkgjh cgtdgybghn bnhct gstnbl vnbb s` sqjcn jt `~stgcn sqjcnqt lnbb sejs sen

cnjb sejs senw vnqn fnssghf vgbb jbvjwt an e`hnts jhc ljgq(

Sn l Db ~ t s n qTnssbnc gh 3:31 aw H`qojh Snllqjbbgjfn %Snl'" sen Snl db~tsnq gt aw ljq sen o`ts cgtqny~sjabn db~tsnq gh

Goynqgjb tyjdn( Vgsegh sen Snl twtsnot senqn jqn sv` tnst l bjvt( Sen qts tns gt Goynqgjb Bjv" aw vegdejhw qntyndsjabn ynqt`h f`nt aw( Lqjbbgjfn bjv gt sen bjvt o`qn `lsnh ~tnc" vegde v`qkt ~tghf gcnjt

ja`~s W`~ djh c` jhwseghf jt b`hf jt h` hn tnnt w`~ jt bjvt( D`qq~ysg`h" senls" y`bgsgdjb |nqseq`v jqn

d`oo`h ybjdn gh Snl( E`vn|nq" yn`ybn tsgbb nhm`w bg|ghf senqn andj~tn gs gt `~s lq`o ~hcnq sen se~oa `l

sen Goynqg~o vegbn tsgbb qnojghghf ghtgcn sen Bgfes M~oy hns( Snl jbt` ghdb~cnt j |nqw egfe ynqdnhsjfn

`l G dbjtt ybjhnst %ja`~s 39.*'" jbse`~fe o`ts `l sen dbgojsnt jqn |nqw ejqte `h se`tn bg|ghf senqn" senw

c` tsgbb d`~hs jt G dbjtt(

Ljo`~t Twt s notSegt tndsg`h cnjbt vgse twtsnot sejs jyynjq `lsnh `h sen Tkwhns hnvt `q jqn goy`qsjhs gh t`on vjw(

Goyn q g~ tGoynqgjb Dqntdnhs" Qnoojq

Goynqg~t gt j twtsno vgse 1< onoanqt" 3 `l vegde jqn G dbjtt ybjhnst %: hjs~qjb" 4 snqqnybnunc' jhc

gt sen e`on `l sen Noynq`q( Goynqg~t gt jbt` sen b`djsg`h `l sen Goynqgjb D`~hdgbt( Ojhw ghsnqtsnbbjq

d`qy`qjsg`ht ej|n o`|nc sengq enjcz~jqsnqt s` Goynqg~t jt gs gt z~gsn js sen e~a `l l~s~qn y`bgdw vgsegh

sen fjbjuw( Goynqg~t gt aw ljq sen o`ts nuynhtg|n twtsno n|nq" vgse j l~bb d`oybnonhs `l :1 Tsjq Ajtnt

ynq G dbjtt ybjhns jhc e~fn Onu dgsgnt(

Sen o`ts goy`qsjhs ybjhns gh sen Goynqg~t twtsno gt Goynqg~t >" jh G dbjtt vegde gt jbo`ts nhsgqnbw

d`|nqnc gh j Onu d`b`hw jhc l`qnts( Segt h`qojbbw sen e`on `l sen Noynq`q jt sen snoynqjsn jhc tsjabn

dbgojsn yq`|gcnt ynqlnds bg|ghf d`hcgsg`ht(

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D`b `h gntJ d`b`hw gt sen hjon fg|nh s` j cvnbbghf `h sen t~qljdn `l j ybjhns( J d`b`hw gt j dgsw `q jh jqnj `l bjhc

venqn senqn jqn ojhw cgllnqnhs |gbbjfnt( D`b`hgnt jqn dbjttgnc cnynhcghf `h sen swyn `l ybjhns ~y`h

vegde senw tsjhc( Sen yeqjtn d`b`hw onjht jbb sen dgsgnt jhc cvnbbghft h sen ybjhns t~qljdn" h`s m~ts sen

ojgh dgsw( D`b`hgnt jqn dbjttgnc se~t=

Yq`t~qljdn

Jhw d`b`hw `h j ybjhns venqn sen jgq gt h`h/s`ugd s`

e~ojht gt j Yq`t~qljdn d`b`hw( @hbw ja`~s 15. `l

d`b`hgnt jqn Yq`t~qljdn d`b`hgnt( Njqse gh sen 1:ts Dnhs~qw

vjt j Yq`t~qljdn d`b`hw(

T~at~qljdn

Jhw d`b`hw venqn sen jso`tyenqn gt h`s aqnjsejabn gt

djbbnc j T~at~qljdn d`b`hw( Sentn d`b`hgnt jqn h`qojbbw

e~fn dj|nqht a~qgnc cnny vgsegh sen t~qljdn `l sen dq~ts"

tnjbnc s` sen ejqol~b jso`teynqn( Vgsegh sentn dj|nqht jqn

dgsgnt" o~de sen tjon jt `h Yq`t~qljdn ybjhnst( Jddntt s`

sen d`b`hw gt seq`~fe ojhw e~fn dgqd~bjq s~hhnbt djbbnc

|nhst(

D`b `h w A~gb cghftJlsnq sen ojhw vjqt sejs ej|n qjfnc jdq`tt sen fjbjuw"

sen e~ojh qjdn vnqn bnls vgse h`venqn s` bg|n( Senqnl`qn" yqnljaqgdjsnc a~gbcghft hnncnc s` an ojcn

z~gdkbw jhc cgtsqga~snc jq`~hc sen fjbjuw s` ojkn e`ont( Senqn jqn sv` ojgh swynt `l a~gbcghf" Onu

Dgsgnt jhc Dq`lst( Onu dgsgnt jqn e~fn bjssgdn tsq~ds~qnt vgse sjbb" tsqjgfes a~gbcghft d`hhndsnc s`fnsenq

vgse tsq~ds~qjb vjbkvjwt" yq`|gcghf nudnbbnhs tsqnhfse( Dq`lst jqn tojbbnq a~gbcghft" ojcn s` e`~tn

ljqot jhc e`bgcjw e`ont( Onu dgsgnt jqn aw ljq sen o`ts y`y~bjq a~gbct jt senw jqn denjy jhc sen bn|nbt

jqn tsjhcjqc gh tejyn( Segt jbb`vt sen tjon a~gbcghf s` an l`q cgllnqnhs ~tnt(

Dq ` l s A~ gb c gh f t

J swygdjb dq`ls a~gbcghf gt j dgqd~bjq e~s vegde ejt jc`onc q``l( @h sen fq`~hc ``q `l segt e~s gt venqn jbb

sen ~sgbgsw nz~gyonhs gt knys" ghdb~cghf fnhnqjs`qt jhc l`q

bjqfnq dq`ls a~gbcghft" jhw |negdbnt( Sen ~yynq ``q gt sen

bg|ghf tyjdn( Sen o`qn yn`ybn sejs bg|n gh sen dq`ls" sen

bjqfnq sen cgjonsnq `l sen a~gbcghf gt s` an( C~n s` sen

c`onc cntgfh" n|nqw bg|ghf tyjdn ejt j tkw |gnv jhc jbb

q``ot jqn `h sen ncfn `l sen a~gbcghf(

J swygdjb dq`ls ejt j cgjonsnq `l :> onsqnt" bjqfn `hnt

djh f` ~y s` >9 onsqnt( Senqn jqn ojhw cgllnqnhs cntgfht `h `llnq" vgse ojhw cgllnqnhs ghsnqg`qt `l jbb

z~jbgsgnt( J tgoybn Dq`ls %ghdb~cghf ghtsjbbjsg`h lnnt' d`tst :9K( Ynqogttg`h hnnct s` an fqjhsnc aw sen

d`~hdgb %vegde gs h`qojbbw gt' anl`qn `hn gt ghtsjbbnc(

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On u Dgs gn tJ Onu dgsw %jt te`vh `h sen qgfes' gt ojcn lq`o ojhw bn|nbttsjdknc `h s`y `l njde `senq( Njde bn|nb ejt j yjqsgd~bjq

snoybjsn t` sejs |jqwghf bn|nbt djh an tsjdknc njtgbw( Njde

a~gbcghf tsjhct jb`hn" d`hhndsnc s` `senq a~gbcghft aw

vjbkvjwt vegde yn`ybn vjbk seq`~fe( Bglst q~h ~y jhc c`vh

sen d`qhnqt `l sen a~gbcghf" njde y`vnqnc aw Fqj|(

Jbse`~fe segt yqn/lja twtsno l a~gbcghf gt h`qojbbw l`bb`vnc"

njde twtsno c`nt ej|n gst `vh tyndgjb dejqjdsnq vegde djh an

tnnh gh sen d`b`~qt jhc bjw`~s `l sen a~gbcghft( Onu a~gbcghft

`h |nqw cgllnqnhs twtsnot t`onsgont b``k |nqw tgogbjq ghtejyn( Onu a~gbcghft snhc s` an |nqw sjbb" j h`qojb tg}n l`q j

a~gbcghf v`~bc an jyyq`ugojsnbw :199o egfe*

Gh Onu dgsgnt" senqn jqn ojhw vjwt `l sqj|nbbghf( Ghtgcn

a~gbcghft" yn`ybn sqj|nb aw l``s" s` o`|n ~y jhc c`vh sen

a~gbcghft jqn nusqnonbw ljts bglst sejs djh sqj|nqtn :99t `l

``qt gh tnd`hct( Lqnn sqjhty`qs gt yq`|gcnc gh jbb Onu dgsgnt

aw sen Lqnn Ojtt/Sqjhty`qsjsg`h Twtsno %LNOST' vegde jqn

e~fn a~bbns/tejync fqj| |negdbnt sejs q~h onse`cgdjb q`~snt

jq`~hc sen dgsgnt( Ynqt`hjb sqjhty`qs gt yq`|gcnc aw Fqj| Djqtjhc Fqj| agknt vegde jqn wghf |negdbnt sejs w c`vh sen

fjyt ansvnnh sen a~gbcghft(

Bg|ghf gh j Onu dgsw gt j |nqw tsjhfn nuynqgnhdn jt yn`ybn snhc

s` v`qk hnjq venqn senw bg|n" n|nh gh sen tjon q hngfea`~qghf

a~gbcghf( Hnjqbw jbb e~ojht bg|n gh j Onu dgsw gh `hn l`qo

`q jh`senq jt Onu dgsgnt djh an a~gbs `h a`se Yq`t~qljdn

jhc T~at~qljdn d`b`hgnt( Onu a~gbcghft djh an qnyjgqnc jhc

d`htsq~dsnc |nqw njtgbw" senw djh jbt` an jccnc s` aw bglsghf `ll

sen s`y bn|nb jhc jcc o`qn bn|nbt gh ~hcnqhnjse(

Onu gh Fnh nq j bLq`o j cgtsjhdn" j Onu dgsw snhct s` b``k `~s `l ybjdn vgsegh

sen bjhctdjyn( Segt gt andj~tn `l sen bjqfn tz~jqn bjssgdn v`qk

`l sen a~gbcghft( Sen ncfnt l sen dgsw snhc s` an tz~jqn jhc sen

djh an a~gbs gh jhw ybjdn %te`vh anb`v gh j |jbbnw'( Segt gt c~n

s` sengq ts~qcw tsq~ds~qn jhc sen ljds sejs jbb |nqegdbnt w gh jhc

`~s `l sen dgsw" senqn jqn h` hnnc l`q q`jct" jt t~de(

Sen nse`t `l sen Onu dgsw ejt bnjc s` t`on tsjhcjqcgtjsg`ht gh

sen bjw`~s( Sentn tsjhcjqct jqn djbbnc Sen Goynqgjb Y`bgtjs jhcsenw yq`|gcn j ynqlnds o`cnb l`q dgsw cntgfhnqt s` l`bb`v=

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Swygd j b Onu Yb j h:( S`vh Dnhsqn

Yg|`sjb s` sen q~hhghf `l sen d`b`hw" sen S`vh Dnhsqn gt

sen e`on `l jbb sen ojgh d`b`hw `ldnt jhc d`oyqgtnt

`l tn|nqjb Onu a~gbcghft( Sen ojgh `ldn gt sen D`~hdgb

@ldn venqn sen d`~hdgbb`qt jhc sengq jc|gt`qt `qfjhgtn

hnv d`b`hw y`bgdw jhc t`qs `~s yq`abnot `h ybjhns( Tsjq

Nhl`qdnq D`b`hgjb A~gbcghf `q TND A~gbcghf gt venqn sen

Nhl`qdnqt %Y`bgdn' `h ybjhns qntgcn" `lsnh" sen TNDt ej|n

sv` `q o`qn a~gbcghft cnynhcghf `h tsjsn `l sen twtsno(

Jbt` vgse j l``se`bc `h ybjhns jqn sen Tsjq Dg|gbgtjsg`h

ve` ej|n sengq enjcz~jqsnqt enqn s``( E`vn|nq" Tsjq Dg|`lsnh ej|n ojhw `ldnt jbb `|nq sen d`b`hw(

1( E`on Fjsnvjw

Sen E`on Fjsnvjw `q E`on Fjsn gt sen tsjq dqjls

c`dkghf ljdgbgsw sejs gt ~tnc aw tojbbnq" yqg|jsn dqjls jhc

sen bjqfn yjttnhfnq djqqwghf Tsjq A~tnt( Tojbbnq anqset

vgse o`qn d`oonqdgjb jtyndst %t~de jt e`snbt" t`~|nhgq

te`yt' jqn db~tsnqt jq`~hc segt ncfn( Sqjcgsg`hjbbw" sen E`on Fjsn gt h`qojbbw j |nqw vnbb knys yjqs `l

sen Onu Dgsw jt gs gt h`qojbbw sen qts ybjdn sejs sen |gtgs`qt s` sen dgsw vgbb n|nq tnn( Sen E`on Fjsnvjw

ejt sen lnnb `l jh `bc/ljteg`hnc jgqy`qs" vgse yn`ybn vjgsghf s` sqj|nb `q o`|ghf jvjw lq`o sen Fjsnjqnj jt z~gdkbw jt y`ttgabn( B`djb y`y~bjdn h`qojbbw bnj|n sen ghjsnc yqgdnt `l sen E`on Fjsn l`q sen

s`~qgtst jhc bg|n nbtnvenqn( Sen E`on Fjsn gt lsnh b`djbbw djbbnc t`onseghf nbtn" hjonc jlsnq j l`~hcnq

`q ljo`~t tyjdnljqnq(

4( Lqngfes Fjsnvjw

Segt gt sen tsjq dqjls c`dkghf ljdgbgsw l`q bjqfnq" lqngfes |negdbnt( Sentn tsjq dqjls snhc s` an e~fn e~bkt

sejs djqqw j ojtt `l dnqjogd/onsjb tyjdn dqjsnt( Njde `l sentn lqngfesnqt ej|n `hbw :99 dqnv a~s ej|n

ojhw e~hcqnct `l j~s`ojsnc E`yynqt vegde jqn wghf q`a`st sejs jqn cntgfhnc s` djqw tyjdn dqjsnt

`h jhc `ll sen lqngfesnq( Sen Lqngfes Fjsnvjw ejt lnv ajqt jhc denjynq e`snbt %jt dqnvt snhc s` tbnny

`h tegy'(

3( Ej~bnq Y`qs

Jbt` tgs~jsnc h sen ncfn l j dgsw" sen Ej~bnq y`qs sen vjw gh vegde j dgsw sqjhty`qst f``c jq`~hc h sen

ybjhns t~qljdn( J ej~bnq gt j bjqfn |negdbn vegde jddnbnqjsnt |nqw tb`vbw a~s djh sqj|nb |nqw ljts ghcnnc(

Segt ojknt gs ynqlnds l`q b`hf cgtsjhdnt( Jbse`~fe o`tsbw j~s`ojsnc" sen Ej~bnqt jqn h`qojbbw ygb`snc

c~n s` sen ogtsq~ts `l j~s`ojsnc twtsnot( Ej~bnq y`qst snhc s` an y``qnq jqnjt `l sen dgsw jt o`ts `l sen

Ej~bnq ygb`st tynhc bgssbn sgon gh sen dgsw" gs gt h`s b``knc jlsnq |nqw vnbb( Sen Ej~bnq Y`qs gt jbt` bgknbw

s` d`hsjgh ojhw ts`qjfn bn|nbt jt gs gt h`s j cntgqjabn ybjdn s` bg|n(

J Onu dgsw gt j tnqgnt `l a~gbcghft d`hhndsnc s`fnsenq vgse vjbkvjwt( Fqj| |negdbnt w ansvnnh sentn

a~gbcghft jhc egfe/tynnc bglst sqj|nb ~y jhc c`vh sen ncfnt( Ojhw Onu a~gbcghft b``k tgogbjq lq`o sen`~stgcn a~s sen bjw`~s `l sen ghsnqhjbt |jqgnt cnynhcghf `h sen ~tn `l sen a~gbcghf( Njde Onu a~gbcghf

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djh an ~y s` 3 ko egfe a~s senw jbb

ej|n sen tjon l``syqghs `l :99otz~jqn( Sen engfes `l sen a~gbcghf

cnynhct `h gst ~tn jhc sen jo`~hs `l

o`hnw sen `vhnq vgtent s` tynhc( J

Onu a~gbcghf gt hn|nq qnjbbw hgtenc

jt t~de" o`qn bn|nbt djh jbvjwt an

jccnc `hs` sen s`y `l sen a~gbcghf

jlsnq yn`ybn ej|n tsjqsnc bg|ghf senqn(

Se~t" j dgsw djh fq`v jhc dejhfn

|nqsgdjbbw( Z~gsn `lsnh" sen b`vnq bn|nbt

`l sen a~gbcghf jqn `vhnc aw sen y``q%venqn bgssbn bgfes ynhnsqjsnt' jhc sen

~yynq qnjdenqt jqn `vhnc aw sen qgde(

Segt gt h`s sen qnt~bs `l t`on t`dgjb

nhfghnnqghf a~s sen yqnlnqnhdn `l

yn`ybn ve` bg|n vgsegh sentn dgsgnt(

Db jt t gl wghf Onu A~gb cghftJ Onu a~gbcghf djh an dbjttgnc aw gst ~tn( Senqn jqn > ojgh swynt=

:( Ejagsjsg`h( J a~gbcghf venqn yn`ybn bg|n( Sentn a~gbcghft ghdb~cn ajqt" qntsj~qjhst" te`yt"

bg|ghf tyjdnt" yjqkghf jqnjt jhc yjqkt(

1( D`oonqdgjb( J d`oonqdgjb a~gbcghf gt venqn d`oyjhgnt ynqlnq s` `ynqjsn( Sentn a~gbcghft

jbt` ghdb~cn sen ~t~jb qntsj~qjhst jhc yjqkghf jqnjt(

4( Ghc~tsqgjb( Jh ghc~tsqgjb a~gbcghf gt `hn sejs ejt ojh~ljds~qn f`ghf `h ghtgcn gs( Ojh~ljds~qn

h`qojbbw gh|`b|nt ngsenq bjqfn/tdjbn j~s`ojsnc ojh~ljds~qn `q tojbb tdjbn tyndgjbgts v`qk(

3( @qfjhgd( J yjqk/bgkn a~gbcghf( Sentn a~gbcghft jqn nuynhtg|n jhc jqn h`qojbbw l`~hc `hbw `h

qgdenq twtsnot(

>( D`hS( J tnbl/d`hsjghnc a~gbcghf vegde ejt jbb `l sen ja`|n jtyndst(

Gh j On u Dgs wVgse ojhw `l sentn Onu a~gbcghft m`ghnc s`fnsenq"

w`~ fns j Dgsw( Sen ygds~qn %qgfes' te`vt j |gnv lq`o

vgsegh j Onu dgsw( Sen ygds~qn l`d~tnt `h `hn d`qhnq

`l j Onu a~gbcghf" sjknh lq`o sen `yy`tgsn d`qhnq(

C~n s` sen qnf~bjqgsw `l Onu bn|nbt" gs gt |nqw njtw s`

hj|gfjsn jq`~hc j Onu dgsw(

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:( Bgls

Bglst sqj|nb ~y jhc c`vh sen d`qhnqt `l jbb a~gbcghft( T`on a~gbcghftej|n bglst `h sen ghtgcn jt vnbb a~s sen ojm`qgsw `l yn`ybn ~tn sen d`qhnq

bglst( Sen bglst q~h `h fqj| jhc jqn h`s cgqndsbw s` d`hhndsnc s` sen

a~gbcghf" t` senqn jqn ojhw %`lsnh jt ojhw jt 199' bglst gh `hn a~gbcghf

d`qhnq( Senw jqn ants se`~fes `l jt ghcnynhcnhs Fqj| \negdbnt sejs

ojghbw sqj|nb |nqsgdjbbw( Bglst sqj|nb js fqnjs tynnct jhc `hn djh sqj|nb js

~y s` 19ot %3 ``qt j tnd`hc `q :1 ``qt j fjon s~qh'( C~n s` sen bglst

ej|ghf j fqj|gsw nbc fnhnqjs`q" sen nllndst `l sen e~fn jddnbnqjsg`ht jqn

h`s h`sgdnc aw sen yn`ybn ~tghf sen bgls(

1( VjbkvjwVjbkvjw jqn tsq~ds~qjb" d`|nqnc yjset sejs m`gh Onu

a~gbcghft s`fnsenq ghs` j tsq`hf bjssgdn( S`vjqc sen dnhsqn

`l j Onu dgsw" vjbkvjwt jqn d`oo`h jhc and`on o`qn

qjqn s`vjqc sen ncfn( Sqjld yjttnt ja`|n jhc anb`v sentn

vjbkvjwt jhc senw t`onsgont sqj|nb js jhfbnt ansvnnh sen

a~gbcghft( Gh jhw djtn" sen fqj|gsw l sen Vjbkvjw gt jbvjwt

ynqynhcgd~bjq s` gst ``q(

4( Sqjld

L`q se`tn ve` djh jll`qc sengq `vh ynqt`hjb sqjhty`qs"

senqn jqn wghf djqt djbbnc Fqj| Djqt jqn ~tnc s` o`|n

yn`ybn jq`~hc( Jt sen |`b~on l sqjld gh dnhsqjb jqnjt l

j dgsw djh an nusnonbw enj|w" yn`ybn lsnh de``tn s` vjbk

ghtsnjc `l cqg|ghf(

Fqj| Djqt w seq`~fe sen dgsw gh bjhnt jt te`vh gh sen

ygds~qn ja`|n( Sen bjhnt yjtt ansvnnh sen vjbkvjwt vgse

njde `v `l sqjld js 79 cnfqnnt s` sen `hn ja`|n jhc

anb`v gs( Sen ygds~qn te`vt sv` bjhnt `l sqjld gh njde

`v l sqjld js 79 cnfqnnt s` sen hn anb`v( Jh nujoybn

Fqj| Djq nt te`vh anb`v(

@s en q Onu Dgs w Ghl `Lqnn Ojtt Sqjhty`qsjsg`h Twtsno

Sen Lqnn Ojtt Sqjhty`qsjsg`h Twtsno `q LNOST

gt j|jgbjabn gh jbb ojm`q Goynqgjb twtsnot( Sen

LNOST d`htgtst `l j h~oanq `l LNOST djqt %tnn

anb`v'( ^hbgkn o`ts `bc/v`qbc lqnn sqjhty`qsjg`h

twtsnot" sen LNOST gt h`qojbbw sen yqgcn `l sen

dgsw" dbnjh" qnbgjabn jhc jbvjwt `h sgon( J swygdjb

LNOST djq gt ~hojhhnc" `hbw sen yjttnhfnqtsqj|nb `h gs( Sen djq gt d`hsq`bbnc aw jh JG vegde

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On u Bn |nb Swynt (Senqn jqn e~hcqnct `l swynt `l Onu Lb``q" njde `hn vgse j

tyndgd y~qy`tn( Vn d`|nq m~ts j lnv enqn( Sen h~oanqghf

jyybgnt s` sen ygds~qn `h sen qgfes(

:( Bg|ghf Jdd`o`cjsg`h

J h~oanq `l egfe/yqgdnc jst vgsegh j tghfbn bn|nb( Fqj| djqt

v`~bc an yjqknc nbtnvenqn gh sen a~gbcghf( J d`oo`h bn|nb

s` ej|n gh sen a~gbcghf( Jbt`" `hn djh tnn j bgls `ynhghf gh sen

|nqw dnhsqn `l sen bn|nb( Segt v`~bc hnnc s` an qnynjsnc `h sen

``qt ja`|n jhc anb`v s` an `l jhw ~tn(

1( \j~bsnc Q``o

Sen \j~bsnc q``ot jqn ~tnc l`q j |jqgnsw `l l~hdsg`ht t~de

jt Yjqkt" ]nq`/F Tvgooghf Y``bt" D`hdnqs Ejbbt jhc Fjon

Q``ot( T`on |nqtg`ht `l sen |j~bsnc q``o ej|n `ynh

vjbkvjwt ejblvjw ~y( Sentn ``qt jqn o`tsbw l`~hc gh ybjdnt

`l fqnjs qgdehntt vgsegh sen dgsw(

4( @ldn Jqnj

Vgse `ldnt gh sen d`qhnqt jhc bglst gh sen dnhsqn" segt gt j

swygdjb `ldn bjw`~s( Sen vegsn tyjdn ansvnnh sen ojgh vjbbtv`~bc `lsnh an ~tnc jt j d`llnn jqnj `q qnbjujsg`h y`ghs( Ybjhst

jcc dejqjdsnq s` @ldn Jqnjt jhc se`tn d`oyjhgnt ve` |jb~n

sengq v`qkl`qdn vgbb ojkn segt jqnjt jt qnbjughf jt y`ttgabn(

3( Onk Ajw Lb``q

Onk %Nh`/Ondejhgdjb' Ajwt jqn ~tnc l`q sen d`htsq~dsg`h

jhc ughf `l seghft( Sv` bjqfn" dgqd~bjq c``qt jqn yq`|gcnc

l`q Ej~bnq Jddntt jhc j bjqfn `ynh jqnj djh an ~tnc l`q ojhw

m`at( Sentn jqn lsnh fjqjfnt" l`q ughf Fqj| \negdbnt( Sentn

jqn hbw qnjbbw ~tnc l`q ughf seghft" qjsenq sejh sen dqnjsg`h l

hnv gsnot" jbse`~fe senqn gt sen yq`|gtg`h l tyjdn l`q sen qgfes

nz~gyonhs s` c` t`(

>( Ts`qjfn Bn|nb

@hn `l sen bjqfnts ``q j|jgbjabn" segt e~fn bn|nb gt venqn

Dqjsnt jqn ts`qnc qnjcw l`q yjdkghf `hs` Tsjq Dqjls `q Ej~bnqt

jbgkn( Senw yq`bglnqjsn sen ncfn `l Onu Dgsgnt a~s djh an

l`~hc s`vjqc sen dgsw ``q gh o`ts a~gbcghft( D`oonqdgjb

a~gbcghft lsnh knny sengq ts`dk gh j bn|nb t~de jt segt" lnsdeghf

gs j~s`ojsgdjbbw venh sen d~ts`onq ojknt j y~qdejtn(

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SgonVenh sen qts tyjdn ljqnqt bnls njqse" senw jajhc`hnc sen 13 e`~q db`dk gh lj|`~q `l j 39 e`~q cjw(Jt tegyt jbvjwt hnncnc s` ej|n j dqnv jvjkn jhc jdsg|n" j tegy twtsno vjt cn|nb`ync sejs vjt t``h

jc`ysnc jt sen h`qojb l`q sen ve`bn fjbjuw( Sen cjwt gt tybgs ghs` l`~q :9 e`~q dwdbnt( Njde dwdbn tnq|nt

j cgllnqnhs y~qy`tn( Ansvnnh njde dwdbn gt j onjb(

Tbnny Dwdbn

C~qghf sen dwdbn" j ynqt`h fns sengq qnts( J e~ojh l 71949 hbw qnz~gqnt 7 e`~qt tbnny gh 39 s` l~hdsg`h

yq`ynqbw( Sen `senq e`~q gt tynhs vjkghf ~y jhc ej|ghf sen qts onjb djbbnc Aqnjkljts(

V`qk Dwdbn @hn

Segt gt sen qts snh e`~qt `l v`qk( @lsnh j ynqt`h vgbb sjkn sv` m`at" njde vgse j :9 e`~q c~qjsg`h( Jlsnqsegt dwdbn gt j onjb djbbnc B~hde(

V`qk Dwdbn Sv`

Sen tnd`hc v`qk dwdbn gt h`qojbbw j o`qn qnbjunc jlljgq jt o`sg|jsg`h anfght s` vjhn( Jlsnq segt dwdbn

gt sen onjb djbbnc Cghhnq(

Qndqnjsg`h Dwdbn

Sen qndqnjsg`h dwdbn gt venh j ynqt`h djh ynqt~n vejsn|nq jdsg|gsgnt senw jqn ghsnqntsnc gh( O`ts yn`ybn

ej|n j e`aaw `l t`on t~de( Anl`qn tbnnyghf `hdn o`qn" j ynqt`h h`qojbbw yjqsjknt gh j h~sqgnhs cqghk

djbbnc j Djy(

Jt n|nqw`hn gt bg|ghf gh j twhdeq`hgtnc 39 e`~q bglntswbn" a~tghnttnt tsjw `ynh l`q jbb 39 e`~qt( Yn`ybn

snhc s` tejqn m`at" `hn m`a ansvnnh sv`( Sen yjttghf `l cjw jhc hgfes ejt h` nllnds `h sen dwdbnt `l j

ynqt`h" yeqjtnt t~de jt o`qhghf jhc jlsnqh``h jqn h`qojbbw ~tnc s` nuyqntt sen y`tgsg`h `l sen t~h

gh sen tkw(

@q f j h gt j s g` h l Wn j q t j h c Cj s n tL`bb`vghf sen tsjhcjqcgtjsg`h `l sgon" cjsnt jhc wnjqt l`bb`vnc t~gs( Sen `qfjhgtjsg`h gt jt l`bb`vt=

Ogh~sn=

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sen vnnk jqn h`s sjknh `ll jhc senqn gt h` vnnknhc( Sen y~abgd e`bgcjwt snhc s` ojqk n|nhst ngsenq

Fjbjsgdjbbw %Noynqntt Agqsecjw' `q b`djbbw %Db~tsnq `q Twtsno L`~hcghf cjw'( Y~abgd e`bgcjwt cnynhc|nqw o~de `h sen twtsno( Se`tn twtsnot vgse`~s o~de b`djb egts`qw snhc s` ej|n lnvnq" jt c` enj|gbw

ghc~tsqgjb twtsnot( Jqsgtsgd d`b`hgnt jhc se`tn twtsnot vgse j b`hf egts`qw snhc s` ej|n o`qn y~abgd

e`bgcjwt(

Sen Tsjq Ghc~tsqgnt c` h`s yjqsjkn gh y~abgd e`bgcjwt jt sen noyb`wnnt jqn jbvjwt h c~sw( Gh t`on djtnt"

senw sjkn yjqs a~s `hbw gh jh `ldgjb djyjdgsw( Sen `hbw nudnysg`h s` segt q~bn gt sen Noyqntt Agqsecjw

venh o`ts Tsjq Ghc~tsqgnt seq`v j yjqsw( @hbw se`tn `h jdsg|n c~sw c` h`s(

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@ q a g s j b tVgse sen jc|nhs `l y`vnql~b ghsnqtsnbbjq m~oy nhfghnt" gs andjon`a|g`~t sejs tyjdndqjls d`~bc an ojcn |nqw bjqfn ghcnnc( E`vn|nq"

sen jo`~hs `l nhnqfw qnz~gqnc s` fns sentn e~fn dqjls lq`o `qags

s` t~qljdn jhc ajdk vjt yq`egagsg|n `h sen tg}n `l sen dqjls( @hn

t`b~sg`h s` segt vjt s` ej|n j ybjdn gh `qags venqn j dqjls d`~bc

cny`tgs t`on `l gst djqf` l`q te~ssbghf c`vh s` sen t~qljdn( Segt

gt sen ghgsgjb qnjt`h l`q ej|ghf jh @qagsjb a~s senw t``h and`on

ghsnfqjb s` sen nd`h`ow `l sen twtsno jhc h`s m~ts l`q sen sqjcn senw

`llnq(

O`qn sejh m~ts sqjcn ybjsl`qot `q `qagsghf ts`qn q``ot" jh @qagsjb

gt `lsnh sen fjsnvjw s` sen qnts `l sen fjbjuw( Senw jqn ~tnc l`q

ojhw cgllnqnhs sjtkt t~de jt jdsghf jt j ajtn `l `ynqjsg`ht l`q j

oghghf d`oyjhw" j c`dk l`q tyjdn dqjls qnyjgqt jhc sen e`on l`q

ojhw yn`ybn ve` cgtbgkn bg|ghf `h ybjhns( Sen ~tn `l jh `qagsjb

`lsnh dejhfnt l`d~t seq`~fe gst bgln" h`qojbbw anfghhghf jt j sqjcn

`q ajtn l oghghf ynqjsg`h jhc senh fq`vghf vgse sen y`y~bjsg`h s`

and`on j o`qn ybnjtjhs ejagsjsg`h `q t~yy`qsghf bjqfn sqjcn tegyt(

`q a gs j b SwyntNjde `qagsjb gt cgllnqnhs lq`o sen `senqt" e`vn|nq senw c` q`~febw

tybgs ghs` swynt= dbjttgnc aw sengq tejyn o`qn sejh sengq ~tn( Sen

@qagsjb swynt vgbb an cnjbs vgse enqn( J Dgqd `qagsjb gt o~teq``o

tejynt %tnn qgfes'" vgse j bjqfn b`hf tyghn jhc senh j bg|ghf jqnj(

Senw qjhfn gh tg}n lq`o 39 s` :19ko gh cgjonsnq jhc >9 s` :99ko

egfe( Sen tnd`hc swyn gt jh @qa vegde gt j e~fn tsq~ds~qn venqn jh

jqsgdgjb v`qbc gt dqnjsnc `h sen ghtgcn `l j ajbb( Sen hjb swyn jqn

C`dkt vegde jqn `lsnh jhf~bjq tsq~ds~qnt cntgfhnc l`q sen dqnjsg`h

`l tyjdndqjls(

Njde swyn `l `qagsjb vgbb h`v an gh|ntsgfjsnc(

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Se n Dgq dSen Dgqd gt aw ljq sen o`ts y`y~bjq de`gdn `l @qagsjb andj~tn `l gst d`oyjds tg}n" nuyjhcjagbgsw"

q`a~tshntt jhc jcjysjagbgsw s` jhw y~qy`tn( Sen Dgqd gt j o~teq``o tejyn d`htsq~dsg`h vgse j dnhsqjb

tygkn q~hhghf ~y sen ogccbn %tnn ygds~qn'( Dgqdt swygdjbbw e`~tn ansvnnh :9 ogbbg`h jhc 1 agbbg`h yn`ybn"

h`s ghdb~cghf sen dqnvt `l |gtgsghf sqjcn tegyt( Venqn sen Dgqd `qagst j ybjhns vgse j d`b`hw" sen D`~hdgb

`l sen d`b`hw y~bbt sen tsqghft `l Dgqd y`bgdw( @senqvgtn" sen d`~hdgb gt o~de jt gs gt nbtnvenqn(

Dgqd Swyn @qagsjb Dq`tt Tndsg`h

Knw

J( Ts`qjfn jqnj %jh fnhnqjs`qt'(

A( C`dkghf l`q |nqw bjqfn dqjls(

D( Ts`qjfn jhc c`dkt jqnj(

C( C`dkghf l`q tojbbnq |nttnbt(

N( Bg|ghf Jqnj(

L( D`qy`qjsn Jqnj(

F( @qfjhgtjsg`hjb D`~hdgb `ldnt(

E( Egfe z~jbgsw c`dkghf jqnj(

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Dgq d Gh s n q g` qJbse`~fe sen ncfn `l sen Dgqd `qagsjb gt dgqd~bjq" sen ghsnqg`q gt o`tsbw tz~jqn( J lnnbghf `l `ynhntt

jhc tyjdn gt `lsnh dqnjsnc vgse |j~bsnc d`qqgc`qt jhc e`b`fqjyegd yq`mndsg`ht `l tkw jhc db`~ct( O`qn

ghc~tsqgjb/~tn Dgqt ej|n ojhw b`hf" tz~jqn d`qqgc`qt" a~s sentn jqn tnnh jt `bc/ljteg`hnc jhc h`v Dgqd

`qagsjbt jqn d`htsq~dsnc vgse bntt qnf~bjqgsw(

J swygdjb ajq jhc ejbbvjw gh j Dgqd @qagsjb

Fnssghf jq`~hc gh j Dgqd @qagsjb djh ngsenq an c`hn `h l``s" aw cqg|ghf j fqj| `q aw LNOST( Jt o`ts

yn`ybn f` aw l``s" j Dgqd `lsnh tybgst ghs` d`oo~hgsgnt `l yn`ybn ve` bg|n jhc v`qk gh sen tjon jqnj(

Venh cqg|ghf j fqj|" senw jqn cqg|nh seq`~fe e~fn s~ant sejs q~h ansvnnh goy`qsjhs jqnjt `l sen ajtn(

Sentn s~ant jqn `lsnh gqqnf~bjq jhc d`hhnds jqnjt `l sen `qagsjb sejs jqn goy`qsjhs l`q sejs yjqsgd~bjq

ybjdn( Sen LNOST twtsno jbt` ~tnt gst `vh tns `l s~ant" sen djqt nujdsbw qntnoabghf sen LNOST djqt

`l Onu Dgsgnt(

Yn`ybn ve` bg|n gh Dgqd @qagsjbt snhc s` nhm`w sen nhdb`tnc tyjdnt jhc djh an jf`qjye`agd %jlqjgc `l

`ynh tyjdnt'(

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@q a @q a gs j b tJh @qa @qagsjb gt sen bjqfnts d`hsq~dsg`h sen e~ojh qjdn ejt n|nq ojcn( Sen `qa gt jh ghtgcn/`~s ybjhns(

J e~fn e`bb`v tyenqn venqn sen yn`ybn bg|n `h sen ghtgcn( Sen ghtgcn t~qljdn `l sen @qa gt `lsnh jt bjqfn

jt j bjqfn o``h jhc d`hsjght d`hsghnhst" o`~hsjght jhc `dnjht( J e~fn jqsgdgjb jhc wns tnbl/t~ldgnhs

nd`/twtsno nugtst `h sen ghtgcn `l sentn ojttg|n tsq~ds~qnt( Fqj|gsw gt yq`c~dnc aw b`djbgtnc Fqj| nbc

fnhnqjs`qt" ojkghf t~qn sen ghejagsjhst ej|n j d`htsjhs fqj|gsw `~svjqct( Sen jso`tyenqn gt dqnjsnc

jhc ojghsjghnc aw j tnqgnt l jso`tyenqn yq`dnttghf ybjhst sejs nuej~ts seq`~fe sen dnjht( S` fg|n sen

ghtgcn j lnnbghf `l j ybjhns" j e~fn bgfes t`~qdn %kh`vh jt Sen T`bjq' vgse j e``c q`sjsnt gh sv` jugt gh

sen ogccbn `l sen `qa( Segt fg|nt sen jyynjqjhdn `l bgfes jhc cjqk( Venh b``kghf ~y `h sen `qa" w`~

tnn sen fq`~hc `h sen `senq tgcn( C~qghf sen cjw" sen t~h `atd~qnt sen cjqk tgcn `l sen v`qbc jhc sen

jso`tyenqn fg|nt j ybnjtjhs ab~n ej}n( B``kghf ~y js hgfes sgon" w`~ vgbb tnn j ab~n ab~q" vgse`~s tsjqt

jt gl j o``h vjt bgfesghf egfe db`~c(

Jhc @qa @qagsjb vgse `hn z~jqsnq d~s jvjw( H`sn bjhc ojttnt" tnjt jhc Sen T`bjq fg|ngh bgfes s` `hbw

`hn tgcn(

Sen @qa gt t` bjqfn sejs sen d~q|js~qn `l sen t~qljdn gt ajqnbw qnd`fhgtjabn ~hbntt gs gt j dbnjq cjw( O`ts

yn`ybnt cjw s` cjw bg|nt djh an bnjc vgse`~s n|nq qnjtbgtghf senw vnqn h`s h j ybjhns( ^hcnq sen dq~ts l

sen ghhnq t~qljdn gt j e~fn h~oanq `l ojh~ljds~qghf ajwt jhc }nq`/f v`qkte`yt( Ojttg|n sqjhtgs s~ant

sjkn LNOST jbb `|nq sen `qa(

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Tnfonhs tJh `qa gt ojcn ~y `l j e~fn h~oanq `lsqgjhf~bjq tnfonhst( Njde tnfonhs ejt

j |nqw tgogbjq ojkn/~y( Sen cgjfqjo

%qgfes' te`vt j dq`tt tndsg`h `l sen j

tnfonhs( Sen s`y yjqs `l sen gojfn gt se

dnhsqn `l sen `qa(

:( Tyjdn

1( @~snq e~bb %|nqw bgssbn nusnqg`q

c`dkghf'

4( C`dkghf Jqnj3( Ghhnq Ts`qjfn

>( V`qkte`yt Nhfghnnqghf

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l`q" sen denjynq gs gt( Segt t`onsgont bnjct s` yn`ybn jajhc`hghf dqjls `h sen `qa(

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Tyj d n Sq j |n bTghdn ojh vjbknc ~yqgfes jhc tjv sen tkw jt o~de jt sen njqse gs ejt v`hcnqnc vejs gs v`~bc an bgkns` |gtgs sen sgh ygh/yqgdkt `l bgfes sejs te`hn js hgfes( H`v gs gt y`ttgabn jhc fnhnqjbbw jddnysnc jt j

d`oo`h jhc qnz~gqnc yjqs `l t`dgnsw( Sen fnhnqjb y`y~bjdn c` h`s `lsnh hc sen hnnc s` o`|n ja`~s(

Tyjdn sqj|nb gt ngsenq j qnz~gqnonhs l`q v`qk `q s` yq`|gcn j dejhfn `l tdnhn l`q j e`bgcjw( Lqg|`b`~t

ybjhns e`yyghf gt qjqn( C~n s` sen ghtsjagbgsw `l sen tyjdn/sgon d`hsgh~~o" senqn jqn b`st cjhfnq`~t ybjdnt

gh tyjdn djbbnc tyjdn/sgon lj~bst( O`ts jqn dejqsnc jhc djh an j|`gcnc( T`on djh an cnsndsnc lq`o j

cgtsjhdn %gh sgon `q tyjdn'" `senqt d`on jhc f` js t~de tynnc" sejs sen dqjls djh an nh|nb`ync aw seno

anl`qn senw djh an j|`gcnc(

Sqj|nbbghf gh tyjdn vgbb ghenqnhsbw gh|`b|n j lnv djbd~bjsg`ht( S` knny seno tgoybn" sqj|nb `ynqjsnt gho~bsgybnt `l jh e`~q( Senqn jqn ojhw ljdst jhc f~qn tdjssnqnc seq`~fe segt tndsg`h( Senw jqn d`bbjsnc

js sen nhc l`q njtw qnlnqnhdn( Sen sndehgdjb cnsjgbt `l tyjdn sqj|nb djh an l`~hc gh sen Sndeh`b`fw

tndsg`h(

Db jt t gl wghf TyjdnAnl`qn w`~ djh nuyb`qn gs" w`~ hnnc s` kh`v vejs w`~ jqn cnjbghf vgse( Tyjdn gt

dbjttgnc cnynhcghf `h vejs gt q`~hc gs( Enqn jqn sen ojgh dbjttgdjsg`ht `l tyjdn=

/ Jso`tyenqn( H`s tsqgdsbw tyjdn jt t~de a~s sen qts tsny `hn o~ts ojkn anl`qn

fnssghf senqn( Jso`tyenqn gt dbjttnc jt sen qts 19ko ansvnnh sen b`vnts y`ghs `hsen t~qljdn %tnj bn|nb' jhc tyjdn(

/ B`v @qags( Ansvnnh 19ko jhc >99ko gt b`v `qags jhc t`onsgont qnlnqqnc s` jt

Ybjhnstgcn( Gl j dqjls gt h`s jso`tyenqn djyjabn" senh segt gt sen hnjqnts s` sen t~qljdn

gs djh fns( O`ts bjqfn |nttnbt ~tn segt jbsgs~cn l`q sen b`jcghf jhc ~hb`jcghf l djqf`"

jbse`~fe sen nuynhtn `l c`ghf t` gt `lsnh yq`egagsg|n(

/ Egfe @qags( Lq`o >99ko s` :999ko gt kh`vh jt Egfe @qags( Segt gt venqn sen

@qagsjbt nugts(

/ Twtsno Tyjdn( Vgsegh sen `~snqo`ts ybjhnst `qags jq`~hc j tsjq gt twtsno tyjdn(

Gh j ybjdn vgse lnv ybjhnst" sen ncfn `l twtsno tyjdn cnynhct `h sen fqj|gsjsg`hjb

y~bb `l sen tsjq(/ Cnjc Tyjdn( Cnjc tyjdn gt sen jqnj sejs gt h`s f`|nqhnc fqj|gsjsg`hjbbw aw j tsjq q

gst ybjhnst %sen l`qdn yq`|gcnc aw seno gt vnjk'( O`ts `l tyjdn gt cnjc tyjdn(

M` a t gh t yj d nSqj|nbbnqt jqn `lsnh fq`~ync aw sen m`a sejs senw ynql`qo( O`ts qnf~bjq sqj|nbbnqt

seq`~fe tyjdn `ynqjsn jt yjqs `l j dqnv `h j tsjq dqjls( Jbse`~fe sen yjqsgd~bjq m`at `h njde dqjls jqn

|jqgnc / lq`o oncgd seq`~fe s` ygb`s / sen dqnv jqn h`qojbbw dbjttgnc aw sen m`a sejs sen tegy c`nt( J

lnv nujoybnt `l sentn sjtkt jqn fg|nh anb`v(

OgbgsjqwSen Goynqg~o ejt 1 tnyjqjsn nnst( Sen bjqfnts Lbnns gt `ynqjsnc aw sen Tsjq Nhl`qdnqt jhc gt ~tnc aw

Tsjq Nhl`qdnqt" Tsjq Dg|gbgtjsg`h jhc Tsjq Tdgnhdn( Sen tegyt jqn o`tsbw ~tnc l`q dejtghf dqgoghjbt jhc

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l`q cnjbghf vgse Ygqjsnt( H`s jbb `l sen Nhl`qdnq nns gt vnbb jqonc jhc o`ts `l sen tegyt jqn h`s y~qy`tn

a~gbs a~s d`h|nqsnc dg|gbgjh dqjls( Sen `senq nns" Sen Tsjq Lbnns" gt j d`oybnsnbw cgllnqnhs djtn nhsgqnbw(N|nqw |nttnb gt y~qy`tn a~gbs jhc dqnjsnc lq`o sen |nqw ants sndeh`b`fw sen Goynqg~o ejt s` `llnq( Sen

dqnvt jqn sen |nqw ants andj~tn sen m`a `l sen Tsjq Lbnns gt s` yq`snds e~ojhgsw lq`o sen qjdn `l sen

Cq`gct(

Sqjcn

Gh segt djtn" sen snqo Sqjcn gt j |nqw aq`jc

`hn( J dqjls sejs o`|nt jhw gsno lq`o J s` A

gt d`htgcnqnc j sqjcn `hn( J sqjcn |nttnb djqqgnt

lqngfes %qjv ojsnqgjbt `q snde' `q yjttnhfnqt(

Swygdjbbw" j |nttnb gt `vhnc aw gst djysjgh jhccnygdst sen swyn l djqf` gs djqgnt( L`q nujoybn=

@qn lqngfesnqt snhc s` an bjqfn jhc cgqsw" vgse

bjqfn ghc~tsqgjb j~s`ojs`h nz~gyonhs( Snde

sqjcnqt snhc s` an tojbbnq" egfe snde dqjls* Sen

cwhjogdt `l tyjdn sqjcn gstnbl gt cnjbs vgse bjsnq(

D`~qgnq

J d`~qgnq sjknt jh gsno lq`o J s` A( Senw jqn o`qn nuynhtg|n sejh sqjcnqt a~s fg|n j o`qn ynqt`hjbgtnc

ejhc/s`/ejhc tnq|gdn= goy`qsjhs l`q nuynhtg|n `q ynqt`hjb gsnot( J d`~qgnq gt j qnf~bjq tyjdn sqj|nbbnq

jhc vgbb a~gbc ~y j dbgnhsnbn `l d`qy`qjsn jhc h`h/d`qy`qjsn d~ts`onqt( Nudnbbnhs tnq|gdn vgbb a~gbc j

f``c hjon jhc segt gt nttnhsgjb l`q j t~ddnttl~b d`~qgnq(

Tdj|nhfnq Dqnv

Senqn jqn agbbg`ht `l s`hhnt `l m~hk" jbb v`qse o`hnw( J Cnny Tyjdn Tdj|nhfnqt %Tdj||gnt' m`a gt s`

hc" qnyjgq jhc qns~qh l`q tjbn( Tnnh jt sen b`vnts `l sen b`v venh gs d`ont s` tegy dqnvt" Tdj||gnt

tynhc sengq sgon gh cjhfnq`~t vqndkt" e~hsghf `~s djqf` jhc `amndst `l |jb~n( Vgsegh sentn `jsghf

tegyvqndkt d`~bc an jhw ojhhnq `l cjhfnqt" lq`o sqjyt qgffnc aw yjqjh`gc dqnv onoanqt `h bnj|ghf

sen vqndk s` `senq Tdj| snjot(

D` t s ` l Tyj d n Sq j |n bTyjdn sqj|nb gt h`v y`ttgabn a~s d`tsbw( @vhghf j tyjdn/djyjabn dqjls gt h`s qjqn" o~de bgkn vhghf j djqgh sen bjsn 19se dnhs~qw( @vhghf j dqjls sejs djh sqj|nb ansvnnh sen tsjqt gt jkgh s` `vhghf j a`js gh sen

bjsn 19se Dnhs~qw( @bc" tb`v `hnt jqn denjy jhc djh an jll`qcnc aw ojhw( Ghc~tsqgjb dqjls %t~de jt sqjcn

dqjls' d`ts cnynhcghf h sen m`a senw c`" bjqfn lqngfesnqt djh d`ts ogbbg`ht" jt djh tojbb ljts d`~qgnq dqjls(

Nund~sg|n dqjls nugts `hbw l`q sen gcbn qgde" se`tn ve` ej|n sen sgon l`q |gtgsghf cgtsjhs v`qbct y~qnbw l`q

ybnjt~qn(

Jbse`~fe o`cnqh tsjq dqjls ~tn t`bgc/tsjsn fnhnqjs`qt %jh jbo`ts ghhgsn t`~qdn `l y`vnq' senqn gt h`

l~nb jt t~de( Sen `hbw d`tst ghd~qqnc jqn sen dqnv jhc c`dkghf sjqgllt `h jqqg|jb js jh @qagsjb `q ybjhns(

Ybjhns c`dkghf snhct s` an sen o`ts nuynhtg|n jhc d`tst qjhfn cnynhcghf `h sen yqntsgfn `l sen twtsno(

Twtsnot `l egfenq yqntsgfn jqn ybjdnc gh sen ~yynq nhc `l sen aqjdkns fg|nh enqn( Swygdjb d`tst ynq cjw%39 e`~qt' jqn=

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Swyn Cntdqgysg`h D`ts

@qa @qagsjb Anqse Yqntt~qgtnc ejhfjq q |jd~~o ejhfjq( Lqnn / 1999

Dgqd @qagsjb @~snq Anqse( @h sen `~stgcn `l j Dgqd `qagsjb( :99 / >999(

Dgqd @qagsjb Ghhnq Anqse Gh yqntt~qgtnc tyjdn( >99 / 999

Ybjhns Y`qs Anqse( @h sen tgcn `l j Onu dgsw( >99 /8 >9k

Tyjdn l b gfe s Swynt

Ljtsnq sejh bgfes sqj|nb ejt annh j f`jb `l sen e~ojh qjdn tghdn sen bjvt `l yewtgdt ojcn sen tynnc `lbgfes j a`~hcjqw( Gh h`qojb tyjdn" gs gt j a`~hcjqw a~s senqn gt o`qn s` sen tyjdn/sgon d`hsgh~~o sejh m~ts

h`qojb tyjdn( Segt tndsg`h vgbb tsjw jt lqnn lq`o tdgnhdn jt y`ttgabn" l~qsenq cntdqgysg`ht djh an fjghnc

lq`o sen n|nq d`oybnsn sndeh`b`fw tndsg`h( N|nqw sqjht/bgfes |negdbn gt fg|nh j bgfes tynnc( Segt tynnc

gt sen h~oanq l a`unt `h j db~tsnq ojy sen dqjls djh f` gh : e`~q( J db~tsnq gt jyyq`ugojsnbw 19 tz~jqnt

gh cgjonsnq( ^tn segt j q~bn `l se~oa l`q ~hkh`vh db~tsnqt `q sen jds~jb db~tsnq ygds~qnt l`q ~tn(

Fq j|Venh sqj|nbbghf ansvnnh fq`~hc" tyjdn jhc ansvnnh ybjhnst gh j twtsno" Fqj| gt ~tnc( Fqj| v`qkt aw

t~qhf c`vh sen vj|nt dqnjsnc aw dnbntsgjb `amndst %tsjqt" ybjhnst jhc o``ht'( Vgse Fqj|" gs sjknt

jyyq`ugojsnbw : e`~q s` sqj|nb ansvnnh ybjhnst" :9 ogh~snt ansvnnh j ybjhns jhc j o``h( Sentn f~qntjqn tegy/ghcnynhcnhs jt sen vj|nt sejs sen Fqj| t~qlt `h jqn sen tjon l`q jbb sen cgllnqnhs dqjls( Sen

sgon lq`o b`v `qags s` ybjhns %`q |gdn |nqtj' cnynhct `h sen y`vnq `l sen Fqj| nhfghn jhc |jqgnt lq`o

tegy s` tegy( Gst h`qojbbw ja`~s 3 e`~qt( Sen sgon ansvnnh B`v jhc Egfe @qags gt tojbb jhc se~t djh

an gfh`qnc(

Fqj| t~llnqt lq`o }nq` fqj|gsw cndgnhdw( Segt onjht sejs gl sen fqj| nhfghn gt gh j ybjdn venqn sen

fqj|gsgnt `l `amndst jq`~hc gs djhdnb `~s( Segt cnjc }`hn gt qjqn jhc gt ~hbgknbw s` bjts l`q |nqw b`hf a~s

vgbb dj~tn sen Fqj| tegy s` an tsqjhcnc(

Bgfe s M~ oyJ bgfes m~oy gt j onse`c `l sqj|nqtghf j e~fn cgtsjhdn `l tyjdn gh j unc jo`~hs `l sgon( J m~oy bjtst`hn e`~q( Js sen nhc `l vegde" w`~ djh m~oy jfjgh( Sen m~oy gt gh j tsqjgfes bghn %senqn gt h` t~de seghf

jt j tsqjgfes bghn jt tyjdn gt d~q|nc" a~s tgoybgnc l`q njtn enqn'( Jbb m~oyt bjts `hn e`~q" sen ljtsnq sen

tegy gt" sen l~qsenq w`~ f`( E`vn|nq" jbb m~oyt jqn `hn e`~q( Segt gt andj~tn sen tegy sjknt o`ts `l segt

e`~q s` jddnbnqjsn jhc sen ojm`q yjqs `l sen sqj|nbbghf gt c`hn gh sen bjts snh tnd`hct( Se~t" gl j tegy djh

f` js 19 jhc hnnct `hbw s` m~oy :9" gs vgbb tsgbb sjkn jh e`~q( Jbb `l sen djbd~bjsg`ht qnz~gqnc s` d`|nq

b`hf cgtsjhdnt jqn ynql`qonc aw jh JG jhc se~t sen dqnv l sen tegy djh qnts q ynql`qo senq sjtkt vegbn

sen |nttnb gt gh sqjhtgs(

L`q j Bgfes M~oy nhfghn s` l`qo j a~aabn gh vegde s` m~oy" gs hnnct s` an gh j fqj|gsjsg`hjb b`v( Segt

onjht jvjw lq`o jhw twtsno `q bjqfn dnbntsgjb `amndst jhc dbnjq `l `senq dqjls %aw : ogh~sn'( : e`~q

`~stgcn `l twtsno tyjdn gt swygdjb( Se~t" j Bgfes M~oy djh `hbw an ynql`qonc gh cnjc tyjdn(

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sndeh`b`fw tndsg`h" segt gt m~ts s` fg|n j fnhnqjb `|nq|gnv(

Twtsno Cntdqgysg`h

E~bb Jabn s` vgsetsjhc sen te`dk l onsn`q d`bbgtg`ht(

Fnhnqjs`qt H`s jt tsjhcjqc h n|nqw tyjdn ljqghf |nttnb(

Bgln T~yy`qs E~fn y`vnq t`~qdnt lq`o vegde jbb y`vnq h sen dqjls cnqg|nt(

Nhfghnt Jgq jhc l``c yq`dnttghf l`q ghcnhgsn t~q|g|jb %senw ej|n sengq `vh

fnhnqjs`qt'(

Nhnqfw Vna Sen y`vnq cgtsqga~sg`h twtsno jq`~hc sen dqjls(

Tnht`qt O`tsbw ~tnc l`q cnsndsg`h l d`bbgtg`ht jhc l`q j|`gcghf tyjdn/sgon lj~bst(

Fqj| Lgnbc Fnhnqjs q Dqnjsnt jh jqsgdgjb fqj|gsw `h sen tegy(Fqj| B`dk J cn|gdn l`q knnyghf sen jso`tyenqn gh venqn sen e~bb ejt e`bnt %jgqb`dkt jhc

aqnndent'( Jbt` ~tnc l`q tsgdkghf djqf` s` sen ``q `l j djqf` ajw(

Tengbct Gh|gtgabn s` sen e~ojh nwn(

Djqf` Ajw J tyjdn l`q tsjdkghf dqjsnt(

Cjh fnq t gh TyjdnTyjdn gt j cjhfnq`~t ybjdn( Gst h` v`hcnq sejs o`ts `l sen e~ojh y`y~bjsg`h yqnlnq s` tsjw y~s( O`ts

`l sen yq`abnot sejs `dd~q gh tyjdn jqn o`qn `l jh gqqgsjsg`h %d`tsbw s` se`tn ve` ~tn tyjdn l`q a~tghntt'

sejh j qgtk s` bgln( Gs gt" e`vn|nq" ~hyqncgdsjabn( Segt tndsg`h cnjbt vgse t`on `l sen yq`abnot sejs djh

`dd~q" senw jqn ngsenq tyjdn/sgon lj~bst `q h`s(

Z~j hs ~o Tghf ~ b j q gs gn tJ z~jhs~o tghf~bjqgsw gt sen tdgnhsgd hjon fg|nh s` seghft sejs jqn ghnuybgdjabn" ~hyqncgdsjabn jhc

qnjbbw z~gsn cjhfnq`~t( Senw djh jqgtn vgse`~s vjqhghf" an cgld~bs s` tnhtn jhc djh ej|n j h~oanq `l

nllndst `h j tsjq dqjls=

Cq`y `~s `l bgfes m~oy( Djh an dj~tnc aw sen tghf~bjqgsw cqjghghf y`vnq lq`o sen fnhnqjs`qt

o`onhsjqgbw `q tgogbjq nhnqfw abgy(

Ghd`qqnds Tnht`q Qnjcghft( Ngsenq nde`nt lq`o sgont yjts `q qn|nqtnc tnht`q ghl`qojsg`h gt

jh`senq `lsnh `dd~qqnhdn vgse tghf~bjqgsgnt( Sen tnht`q ghl`qojsg`h `l j ybjhns ojw o`onhsjqgbwy`y ~y gh sen yjse `l tegy %dj~tghf j cq`y `~s `l bgfes m~oy'(

Vngqchntt( Jbsnqjsg`ht gh fqj|gsw `h tegy" jso`tyenqn d`hcgsg`ht `q sen ag`b`fgdjb tsjsn `l sen

dqnv jqn jbb yjqs `l cnny tyjdn vngqchntt(

S`sjb Nhnqfw Te~s C`vh( Ynqejyt sen v`qts/djtn tdnhjqg`" segt v`~bc gh|`b|n sen ojgh fnhnqjs`qt

te~ssghf c`vh d`oybnsnbw( Qntsjqsghf fnhnqjs`qt djh `lsnh sjkn cjwt(

V q o E` b ntSentn jqn s~hhnbt sejs d`hhnds cgllnqnhs ybjdnt gh sen tyjdn/sgon d`hsgh~~o( Senw nugts l`q tyjdnt `l

sgon jhc jqn senh f`hn( T`on c` qn/`dd~q" a~s se`tn jqn h`s cjhfnq`~t= senw jqn bgtsnc jo`hfts sen tsjq

dejqst jt j|`gct( Gl j bgfes m~oy sjknt j dqjls seq`~fe j v`qo/e`bn senh sen y`tgsg`h `l sen dqjls gh tyjdnjhc sgon djh an t`onvejs qjhc`o( Senqn gt j >9>9 dejhdn sejs j Bgfes M~oy Nhfghn vgbb d`on `~s `l

bgfes m~oy anl`qn nhsnqghf sen v`qo/e`bn" gh segt djtn" gs djh an j|`gcnc(

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V`qo e`bnt jqn h`s s` an nhsnqnc" senw jqn nusqnonbw cjhfnq`~t jhc j dqjls o~ts an tyndgjbbw cntgfhncs` d`yn vgse sen e~fn yqntt~qnt jhc nhnqfw ~u vgsegh sen s~hhnb(

Nhn q f w Qgyyb ntVenh j dnbntsgjb n|nhs `dd~qt %t~de jt j tsjq nuyb`cghf / j t~ynq h`|j' senh j e~fn tyenqn `l qgyybnt

tyqnjct `~s" bnj|ghf |nqw bgssbn venqn sen tsjq `hdn vjt( Venh segt `dd~qt" e~fn qgyybnt `l nhnqfw jqn

bnls sqj|nbbghf" fnssghf vnjknq jt senw tyqnjc( E`vn|nq" senqn jqn jqnjt venqn senw ojw fjgh nhnqfw jhc

venh segt `dd~qt senw djh and`on cjhfnq`~t `hdn o`qn(

Sen bnjts j qgyybn vgbb c` gt cq`y j dqjls `~s `l bgfes m~oy( Vgse o`qn y`vnql~b qgyybnt" sen tegy ojw an

y~te `ll d`~qtn jhc cjojfnc jt vnbb( Sen v`qts jh nhnqfw qgyybn djh c` gt s` djqqw sen tegy seq`~fe senbgfes m~oy hns ghs` sen b`hn twtsnot jhc dqgyybn gs(

Jt s n q ` gc Lgn b ctVenh dnbntsgjb `amndst nuyb`cn" senw bnj|n cnaqgt( ^hbntt senqn gt t`on t`qs `l j fqj|gsjsg`hjb nbc s` c`

segt" senw vgbb qnojgh gh qghft jhc tyenqnt( Gh o`ts jqnjt `l tyjdn" sentn jqn dejqsnc" a~s senw djh o`|n

jhc sen cns`hjsg`h `l tsjqt djh dj~tn sengq tjsnbbgsnt s` and`on jtsnq`gc nbct(

Sen v`qts j nbc djh c` gt cq`y sen dqjls `~s `l bgfes m~oy( Gl sen nbc gt bjqfn nh`~fe s` c` cjojfn s`

sen |nttnb" senh gs vgbb an cnsndsnc njqbw `h(

T~ynq /Cnh t n Hna~ b jnJ hna~bj gt j e~fn db`~c `l fjt( O`ts hna~bjn jqn ejqobntt" sen ojm`q a`cgnt vgsegh gs ojyync `~s t~de

sejs sqj|nbbnqt ojw h`s ej|n j d`bbgtg`h( Cnhtn hna~bjn jqn o`qn cjhfnq`~t jt senw e`bc tsjqt anghf a`qh(

Sen nhnqfw gh|`b|nc gh t~de j yq`dntt djh dj~tn nhnqfw qgyybnt %tnn ja`|n'(

Jt s q ` l j gb ~ q nSegt gt sen hjon fg|nh s` jhw lj~bs `q ljgb~qn vgsegh sen dqjls( Segt djh `dd~q `l |nqw `bc |nttnbt( O`ts

|negdbnt ej|n jh JG vegde djh tdjh l`q yq`abnot vgsegh sen tegy( E`vn|nq" sen cgld~bsw gt h`s jbvjwt

cnsndsghf sen yq`abno" a~s t`b|ghf gs(

S`sjb nhnqfw b`tt gt sen v`qtn djtn tdnhjqg`( Gl sen fnhnqjs`qt te~s c`vh senh senqn gt h` y`vnq s` f`

jhwvenqn jhc enby o~ts an t~oo`hnc(

Ygq j s n t\nqw qjqn gh C`qgjh" ~hd`oo`h gh Qnoojq jhc goy`ttgabw ~hbgknbw gh Tjwtenbb" ygqjsnt jqn se`tn yn`ybn

vgse jqonc dqjls sejs jssjdk senq dqjls( Cnynhcghf h sengq o`sg|nt jhc sen Djysjgh" sen ygqjsnt ojw m~ts

sjkn sen djqf` `q o~qcnq sen dqnv jt vnbb( Senw h`qojbbw de``tn t`ls sjqfnst %`q se`tn sejs b``k t`ls'(

O`ts ygqjsnt jqn vnbb `qfjhgtnc jhc nc~djsnc" qntnjqdeghf sengq sjqfnst jhc hcghf lnhdnt l`q sen kh`vh

djqf` anl`qn jssjdkghf( Gs gt `lsnh se`~fes sejs Ygqjsnt jqn jo`hfts sen ants/sqjghnc tegy dqnvt(

Sen Cwhj ogdt `l Sq j cnSqjcn gt sen o`|nonhs `l qnt`~qdnt lq`o `hn twtsno s` jh`senq l`q o`hnw jhc ejyynht l`q seqnn

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qnjt`ht(

Lgqtsbw" sqjcn `dd~qt andj~tn j twtsno qnz~gqnt j dnqsjgh qnt`~qdn s` d`hsgh~n `ynqjsghf( L`q nujoybn"

j t~a/t~qljdn d`b`hw ojw hnnc j t~yybw `l `uwfnh( Segt gt djbbnc jh `abgfnc sqjcn q`~sn( Ljgb~qn s`

d`oybnsn segt q`~sn djh onjh j hn jhc n|nh j ajhhghf `l tyjdndqjls ~tn( @lsnh" gl sen sqjcn q`~sn c`nt

h`s jyynjq yq`sjabn nh`~fe" senh sen d`~hdgbt vgbb jcc j t~atgcw; jlsnq jbb" sen vnbljqn `l sen twtsno gt

js tsjkn(

Tnd`hcbw" j sqjcn q`~sn ojw nugts ansvnnh sv` ybjhnst venqn senqn gt o~s~jb anhns( Gh `hn cgqndsg`h

senqn ojw an `v l l``c jhc vjsnq lq`o jh ghejagsnc ybjhns jhc gh sen senq cgqndsg`h sndeh`b`fw lq`o

j ybjhns tsq`hf h ojh~ljds~qn( Sentn q`~snt jqn d`hsq`bbnc aw sen d`~hdgbt h sen ybjhnst jhc jqn t`bc s`

yjqsgd~bjq sqjcnqt s` `ynqjsn seno( H` `hn nbtn ojw q~h sejs djqf` `h sejs q`~sn ~hbntt senqn gt j fqnjsnqqnz~gqnonhs( Segt gt djbbnc j tnd~qnc sqjcn q`~sn(

Lghjbbw" j sqjcn q`~sn ansvnnh sv` twtsnot venqn senqn gt yq`s s` an ejc( Segt gt j o`qn sqjcgsg`hjb q`~sn

jhc senw ojkn ~y >9. `l sen s`sjb h~oanq `l q`~snt( Sentn jqn djbbnc lqnn sqjcn q`~snt(

Lj d s t j h c Lgf ~ q n tJ Bgfes M~oy sjknt : E`~q(

J tegyt bgfes m~oy tynnc fg|nt sen h~oanq `l db~tsnq tz~jqnt sqj|nbbnc gh j tghfbn m~oy(

J db~tsnq djh an d`htgcnqnc s` an 19 db~tsnq tz~jqnt jdq`tt(

J dqjls o~ts an : e`~q `~stgcn sen twtsno %`~snqo`ts ybjhns' anl`qn gs djh bgfes m~oy(

@h Fqj|" gs sjknt : e`~q s` sqj|nb ansvnnh ybjhnst(

@h Fqj|" gs sjknt :9 ogh~snt s` sqj|nb ansvnnh j ybjhns jhc j o``h(

^hbntt `senqvgtn tsjsnc aw sen tyjdndqjls tenns" gs sjknt 3 e`~qt s` f` lq`o B`v @qags s` sen ybjhns

t~qljdn(

Lq`o B`v s` Egfe @qags sjknt j |nqw tojbb jo`~hs `l sgon jhc djh an gfh`qnc(

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lq`o sen qnjb v`qbc( Sen JG d`hsq`bbghf sen snqoghjb vgbb h`s bns ejqo d`on s` w`~( Sen `hbw seghf sejs

ts`yt w`~ lq`o anbgn|ghf sejs w`~ jqn gh qnjbgsw gt j ytwde`b`fgdjb nllnds djbbnc Qnjbgsw Fqj|gsw( Segt gtj lnnbghf sejs t`onseghf gt h`s nhsgqnbw qgfes( Gs djh an t~yyqnttnc l`q j lnv cjwt" a~s jlsnq sejs gs gt dbnjq

sejs t`onseghf gt h`s qgfes( Senqn jqn se`tn yn`ybn sejs anbgn|n sejs Fjgj gt o`qn qnjb sejh sen qnjb v`qbc

/ `lsnh bnj|ghf sengq a`cgnt s` q`s gh sen qnjb v`qbc jt senw nuynqgnhdn j ojttg|n fjbjuw `l t`jy `ynqjt"

te`yyghf" `senq yn`ybn" hnvt" lnjs~qnt" egts`qw c`d~onhsjqgnt jhc o`qn(

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Se n E~ oj h Qj d nVgse`~s dejhfn" j tyndgnt djh tsjfhjsn jhc fq`v fnhnsgdjbbw bnsejqfgd( Sen e~ojh qjdn d`hsgh~nt s` f`seq`~fe b~bbt venqn n|`b~sg`h tb`vt c`vh jhc a``ot venh n|`b~sg`h jddnbnqjsnt s` yq`c~dn j hnq qjdn(

Gh `hn tnhtn" sen e~ojh qjdn ejt fq`vh tgogbjq( Anl`qn sen bjts vjq `h njqse" yn`ybn vnqn tnfqnfjsnc

andj~tn l tkgh s`hn q t~a qjdn `l sen e~ojh tyndgnt( Segt l`bbw vjt t``h qndsgnc h sen Jqgjhhn :99:"

venh jbb qjdnt ogunc s`fnsenq( T``h" sen cgllnqnhs qjdnt andjon ghcgtsghf~gtejabn" jhc sen e~ojh qjdn

jt j ve`bn dejhfnc ghs` j o`qn fnhnqgd qjdn `l sjhhnc tkghhnc yn`ybn(

Vgse ag`hgd j~fonhsjsg`h qnjcgbw j|jgbjabn %cntdqganc bjsnq'" sen e~ojh qjdn gt o`qn ghsnhs sejh n|nq s`

qnsjgh sengq e~ojhgsw(

J E~ oj hEnqn gt j bgts `l swygdjb e~ojh ojbn jssqga~snt l`q sen 74qc Ogbbnhgj(

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Gs gt anbgn|n sejs sen Fnh~t Sv` vjt sqgffnqnc jlsnq sen jbsnqjsg`h `l cgns vgsegh sen Jqjh vjq" venqn

yn`ybn vnqn l`qdnc s` t~q|g|n `h l``ct sejs vnqn y`snhsgjbbw y`gt`h`~t( Sen e~ojh qjdn jcjysnc awdqnjsghf j o~de s`~fenq goo~hn twtsno( Sen Fnh~t Sv` ejt j bglntyjh `l 19 wnjqt" sen a`cw anfght s`

q`s m~ts jlsnq sen `htns `l y~anqsw( Sen goo~hn twtsno `l sen Fnh~t Sv` gt yq`/jdsg|n" bnj|ghf sen e`ts

s` jssjdk |gq~tnt `~stgcn `l sen a`cw( Senqn jqn `senq ag`b`fgdjb cgllnqnhdnt" t~de jt b`vnq enjqs qjsn jhc

sen jagbgsw s` aqnjsen gh h`h/`uwfnh jso`tyenqnt( Jbt`" Fnh~t Sv` yn`ybn ej|n |nqw bgssbn ghsnbbgfnhdn

jhc hc gs cgld~bs s` d`oo~hgdjsn( E`vn|nq" gs djh an cgld~bs s` cnsnds Fnh~t Sv` degbcqnh vgse`~s

j oncgdjb tdjh(

Gl j Fnh~t Sv` ynqt`h d`ont ghs` yewtgdjb d`hsjds vgse j Fnh~t @hn e~ojh senh sen goo~hn twtsno l

sen Fnh~t Sv` vgbb jssjdk sen Fnh~t @hn" jbsnqghf gst fnhnsgd d`cn s` ojkn gs Fnh~t Sv ( Sen ~yte`s l

segt gt sejs gl sen Fnh~t @hn gt `bcnq sejh 19" senw vgbb cgn( Gl h`s" senh senw vgbb tb`vbw and`on j Fnh~tSv`(

J Fnh~t Sv` gt ngsenq dqnjsnc lq`o jh`senq Fnh~t Sv` `q djh an fg|nh agqse s`( Sen o`senq gt tdjhhnc

c~qghf agqse jhc gl enq yewtg`b`fw tsjqst s` dejhfn" ten gt z~jqjhsghnc jhc senh ~t~jbbw kgbbnc vgse enq

degbc( Gs te`~bc an qnonoanqnc sejs sen h~oanq `l Fnh~t Sv` jlsnq wnjq 5>999 vjt bjqfn nh`~fe l`q sen

Goynqg~o s` d`oogttg`h j cnjcbw h~oanq `l q`a`st s` cnjb vgse sen yq`abno" sentn jqn h`v kh`vh jt

sen Cq`gct( Fnh~t Sv` djh aqghf c`vh ve`bn d`b`hgnt venqn sen oncgdt jqn h`s yqnyjqnc a~s segt `hbw

qnjbbw ejyynht `~stgcn `l Goynqg~o tyjdn( Fnh~t Sv` gt o`tsbw nqjcgdjsnc vgsegh Goynqg~o tyjdn"

jbse`~fe vgse n|nqw ajaw a`qh" senqn gt j dejhdn gs d`~bc kgbb sen ve`bn d`b`hw(

Fnh~ t Seq nnFnh~t Seqnn vjt cgtd`|nqnc aw Tsjq Tdgnhsgdj js t`on y`ghs gh sen wnjq 79999( \nqw bgssbn gt kh`vh

ja`~s sen Fnh~t jt wns jhc se~t gs gt knys d`oybnsnbw tndqns lq`o sen fnhnqjb y~abgd( H`/`hn `~stgcn `l

Tsjq Tdg jhc sen |nqw egfents yn`ybn gh sen Goynqg~o kh`v `l gst nugtsnhdn(

@hbw hn gh snh agbbg`h agqset s~qh ~s s` ej|n segt fnh~t jhc gs djh an |nqw cgld~bs s` ty`s( Fnh~t Seqnn

yn`ybn ej|n nusnhcnc onhsjb y`vnqt %vegde yn`ybn jqf~n jqn bjsnhs gh sen e~ojh aqjgh'( Segt nonqfnc

vgse sen `htns `l y~anqsw jhc djh an lqgfesnhghf s` sen ynqt`h gh sen nusqnon( J ynqt`h ejt j ytwdegd

y``b sejs bbt tb`vbw vgse ytwdegd nhnqfw( Venh j y`vnq gt ~tnc l`q t`on onhsjb lnjs" sen y``b cqjght j

bgssbn( Gl sen ynqt`h f`nt seq`~fe t`on t`qs `l no`sg`hjb ~yenj|jb" senh sen y``b vgbb bb j b`s z~gdknq(

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