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IFRS 的過去、現況與未來簡介

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IFRS 的過去、現況與未來簡介. 游萬淵 執業會計師 August 21, 2009. AUDIT. Agenda. 我國採用 IFRS 之預計時程 全球 經濟及金融板塊大位移 未來的會計新環境 -IFRS 的簡介 IFRS 的未來方向 採用 IFRS 的衝擊. 我國採用 IFRS 之預計時程. 預計民國 102 年上市櫃公司全面採用 IFRS 預計民國 104 年其他非上市櫃之公開發行公司全面採用 IFRS 非公開之中小企業可能採分流政策,沿用 ROC GAAP 或部分採用 IFRS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: IFRS 的過去、現況與未來簡介

1© 2009 KPMG, the Taiwan member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative. All rights reserved.

Printed in Taiwan.

AUDIT

IFRS的過去、現況與未來簡介

游萬淵 執業會計師August 21, 2009

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Agenda

我國採用 IFRS 之預計時程

全球經濟及金融板塊大位移

未來的會計新環境 -IFRS 的簡介IFRS 的未來方向採用 IFRS 的衝擊

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我國採用 IFRS 之預計時程•預計民國 102 年上市櫃公司全面採用 IFRS

•預計民國 104 年其他非上市櫃之公開發行公司全面採用 IFRS

•非公開之中小企業可能採分流政策,沿用 ROC GAAP 或部分採用 IFRS

•我國 34 號公報第三次修正將於民國 100 年正式上路, 屆時將與 IAS39 全面接軌

104 年 103 年 102 年上市櫃公司全面採用 IFRS

其他非上市櫃公開公司採用 IFRS

101 年 100 年99 年金融業開始採用 IAS 39 and IFRS 4( 我國 34 號公報第三次修訂及 40 號公報 )

主管機關發布採用 IFRS 的政策及指引

104 年 103 年 102 年 101 年 100 年 99 年

預計實施 IFRS 時間表

IFRS 轉換作業時程表

全面採用 IFRS編制 IFRS 之前期比較報表

宣導及教育訓練

98 年

98 年

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全球經濟及金融板塊大位移

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全球經濟及金融板塊大位移

•全球金融海嘯可能的影響•跨國投資銀行之崩解!•金融創新的末日?•人才的流動趨向?•自由開放 ( 放任 ) 資本主義的終結?•國家資本主義的興起?•國際金融法規重組、高度管制時代的來臨!

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全球經濟及金融板塊大位移 ( 續 )

•系統風險的監理,跨國監理機制的催生•歐盟的草案 :•European Systemic Risk Council: early warning of risk

•European System of Financial Supervisors: super-committee of regulator

•美國的草案:系統風險管理單位•Federal Reserve?•SEC?•FDIC?•Comptroller of the Currency?•And/or, a multi-agency council?

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全球經濟及金融板塊大位移 ( 續 )

•高油價時代的來臨•對石化、汽車、運輸產業的衝擊•綠色 ( 永續 ) 能源開發的加速興起•對民主政治發展的影響•國際衝突的加劇

•氣候變遷對未來政治經濟的影響•致命性的流行疾病漫延全球,如 SARS, Bird flu. Not if, but when!•人口老化對社會、醫療體系、健康保險與退休制度的衝擊

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未來的會計新環境 - IFRS 簡介

- 定義

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會計準則國際接軌 - 演變過程

Past – National GAAPs

Present – IFRS Future IFRS?

Divergence Consistent within

countries

Consistent across

borders/industries

Dutch GAAP

Australia GAAP

UK GAAP

Dutch IFRS

Hong Kong GAAP

Australia IFRSUK

IFRS ConsistencyHong Kong GAAP

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IFRS 是什麼

April 2001

December 2001

IFRS (IASB)IAS (IASC)

SIC IFRIC

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IFRS 是什麼 ( 續 )

•International Financial Reporting

Standards (IFRS ,國際財務報導準則 ): 指所有由IASB 所發佈或核准之權威性文獻,涵括 :由 IASB 所發布的 IFRS(2001 年 4 月以後 )

由 IASC 所發布或由 IASB 修正後發布的 IAS

由 IFRIC 所發布並經 IASB 核准的解釋函 (interpretations)

(2001 年 12 月以後 )

由 IASB 或 IASC 核准的 SIC 解釋函 , SIC 為 IFRIC 之前身

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未來的會計新環境 -IFRS 簡介

- 監理

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國際會計準則理事會 (IASB) 簡介

SAC IASB (14~16 位理事 )

IFRIC (14 位委員 )

Monitoring Board

(5 席董事1 席觀察員 )

IASC Foundation (22 位董事 )

IFRS高品質,可執行及全球化

同意董事的指派

指派

回報回報

制定

詮釋技術建議

指派監督、指派、效果複核、資金

對 IASB 提供建議

報告

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IASB 的監理為提昇 IASC Foundation 的公眾問責,與各國主管機關建立聯繫,以設置一個監督委員會( Monitoring Board ),其成員包括下列機構的代表:•the Technical Committees of the International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO),

•the Emerging Markets of IOSCO,

•the European Commission,

•the Japan Financial Services Agency (FSA), and

•the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision will sit as a formal observer

監督委員會的主要責任 :•to ensure that the Trustees continue to discharge their duties as defined by the IASC Foundation Constitution,

• approving the appointment or reappointment of Trustees.

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必須認識的國際機構

•International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO)

The member agencies currently assembled together in the International Organization of Securities Commissions have resolved, through its permanent structures:•to cooperate together to promote high standards of regulation in order to

maintain just, efficient and sound markets;

•to exchange information on their respective experiences in order to promote the development of domestic markets;

•to unite their efforts to establish standards and an effective surveillance of international securities transactions;

•to provide mutual assistance to promote the integrity of the markets by a rigorous application of the standards and by effective enforcement against offenses.

•Financial Crisis Advisory Group•由投資人、監理單位、中央銀行、財政部及業界代表組成,提供的看法及建議

予 FASB及 IASB以回應全球金融危機

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IFRS 的未來方向

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Financial Crisis Advisory Group的建議

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金融危機諮詢小組 (Financial Crisis Advisory Group)的建議•綜合觀察•會計準則非金融危機的成因;•會計準則未導致資產價值低估,很多的金融業的資產目前還是用“歷史成本”在衡量…

•未來方向建議:•簡化,改進及聚合現有金融商品會計處理準則•改善合併及除列準則以強調資產負債表外交易的問題

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金融危機諮詢小組的建議 (Cont.)

•會計層面:•此次金融危機暴露了會計準則目前的缺陷 :

•市場不具流動性時,公平價值會計之運作;•以成本衡量商品損失被遞延;•允許資產負債表外交易的存在;•目前金融商品多元評估衡量模式過度複雜

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金融危機諮詢小組的建議 (Cont.)

•有關會計層面的建議:•未來改進方向:•制定多元但簡化的金融商品會計處理,非全數以公平價值變動列入損益處理•减損模式:預期損失模式 (Expected-loss Model) vs. 已發生損失模式 (Incurred-loss Model);若以預期損失模式須注意避免 “盈餘管理”

•強化揭露:金融商品、合併及資產負債表外交易•會計準則的聚合:避免財務報導的分歧•提升會計準則的品質 ...不夠•嚴謹的外部審計•落實的準則施行•國際性會計師事務所的協助發展共通性的解釋及運用

適當的國際組織來監督及聚合解決方案及釋示

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金融危機諮詢小組的建議 (Cont.)

•有關準則制定單位的獨立性及責任的建議•觀察:•政治及商業團體之過度干預→削弱了會計準則的公信力•政治及商業團體是會計準則制定的關鍵要素之一,與各該團體的諮詢,本係準則制定過程中正當程序的一環

•建議•IASB固定的財源架構: 公平及強制•擴充 Monitoring Board之地域代表性及參與的層面•積極與各國監理機關諮詢及尋求參與•處理會計準則與監理準則的歧異: 即或兩者不能調和,也應有清楚的揭露,如揭示監理準則下應有的額外準備提列

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金融危機諮詢小組的建議 (Cont.)

•認清財務報導的限制:•教育資訊使用者:了解財務報導的限制,勿忽略了使用者的判斷及審慎評估•交易市場對結構性商品及衍生性商品宜有紮實之基礎架構提係去促進此等商品的透明度•企業,尤其是金融機構,透過獨立之單位去執行有效之價格驗證程序

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IFRS 進行中的議題

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IFRS 進行中的議題

IASB 進行中的議題及 FASB-IASB 持續性的合作議題包括: 降低報導金融商品之複雜性 觀念架構 財務報表之表達 收入認列 排放權 租賃 退休金 非公開發行企業

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FASB 及 IASB目前對金融商品認列與衡量之看法 ( 未定案 )

FASB的初步看法( July 15 會議 )

IASB Exposure Draft

資產負債表的衡量基礎

單一基礎 : 公平價值 雙重基礎 : 公平價值 vs. 成本分攤

金融商品之分類 1.符合特定條件 ( 擬議中 )可採公平價值變動入其他綜合淨利 (OCI)

‧ 之現金流量變異 + 公司意圖( 符合企業營運模式 )

‧ 要回轉至損益2.其餘皆有公平價值變動入損益

‧ 所有衍生性商品、權益商品及複合性商品

3.例外 : 債務商品原符合公平價值變動入 OCI,惟會造成會計不對稱時可採成本分攤

1.具本質屬貸款且以約定利率作管理 : 採成本分攤2.其餘皆採公平價值變動入損益‧包含所有權益商品、衍生性商品3.非交易目的之權益性投資,其利益、損失及股利得計入 OCI‧可逐項在初始認列時擇定,不可改‧不可回轉至損益

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FASB 及 IASB目前對金融商品認列與衡量之看法 ( 未定案 )

FASB的初步看法( July 15 會議 )

IASB Exposure Draft

崁入式衍生性商品 不分拆,併入主契約以公平價值衡量入損益

‧分類方式比率其他金融商品‧惟如主契約非屬金融商品者,依 IAS 39評估是否分拆

減損模式 預期損失模式 預期損失模式

綜合淨利表達 單一報表 單一或兩個報表皆可

EPS 以 Net Income計算 EPS,而非綜合淨利計算

未處理

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未來財務報表的表達模式:分類範例 – 初步觀點

財務狀況表 綜合淨利表 現金流量表Business( 事業經營 )

-Operating assets and liabilities

-Investing assets and liabilities

Business

-Operating income and expenses

-Investing income and expense

Business

- Operating cash flows

- Investing cash flows

Financing( 財務 )

- Financing assets

- Financing liabilities

Financing

- Financing assets income

- Financing liabilities expense

Financing

- Financing assets cash flows

- Financing liabilities cash flows

Income taxes( 所得稅 ) Income taxes on continuing operating (business and financing)

Income taxes

Discontinued operations( 停業單位 )

Discontinued operations, net of tax

Discontinued operations

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

Equity( 權益 ) Equity

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未來財務報表的表達模式:新增現金流量至綜合淨利調節表–初步觀點

B C D E F

Operating

XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX

FINANCING

Financing assets

Interest income

FINANCING

Financing assets

Interest received

Total operating income

Investing

Total investing income

TOTAL BUSINESS INCOME

Total cost of goods sold

Total selling expenses

Total general and administrativeexpenses

Total other operating income

Net cash from operating activities

Investing

Net cash from investing activities

NET CASH FROM BUSINESSACTIVITIES

Cash paid for goods

Cash paid for selling activities

Cash paid for general andadministrative activities

Cash from other operating activities

ComprehensiveIncome

(B+C+D+E)

Caption in Statement ofComprehensive Income

Cash received from customers

BUSINESS

Operating

Total Revenue

BUSINESS

Caption in Statement of Cash Flow Cash FlowsAccruals,

Allocations,and Other

Recurring FairValue Changes/

ValuationAdjustments

Not from Remeasurements From Remeasurements

All Other

Changes in Assets and Liabilities, excludingtransactions with owners

A G

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未來財務報表的表達模式:新增現金流量至綜合淨利調節表–初步觀點 ( 續 )

XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX

XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX

XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX

XXX XXX XXX XXX XXXChange in cash before equity

TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVEINCOME

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(after tax)

Unrealized gain on available-for-salesecuritiesForeign currency translationadjustment

Loss on discontinued operations

Tax benefit

NET LOSS FROM DISCONTINUEDOPERATIONS

NET PROFIT

TOTAL NET FINANCING EXPENSE

INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Financing liabilities

Interest expense

Total financing liability expense

Total financing asset income

Cash paid from discontinuedoperations

NET CASH FROMDISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Change in cash before equity

NET CASH FROM FINANCINGACTIVITIES

INCOME TAXES

Taxes paid

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Financing liabilities

Proceeds from issue of debt

Interest paid

Cash from financing liabilities

Cash from financing assets

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未來的收入認列模式 – Unbundling Approach

收入以淨合約部位 (net contract position)增加為基礎,在履行義務 (performance obligation)履行時認列

履行義務的履行僅限於將承諾商品或勞務交付予客戶為限收入係反映對客戶貨物或勞務的交付,而非為完成合約所從事的活動

將原始交易價格按各個履行義務的單獨售價比例分攤營造合約在建造期間不認列收入,除非履行義務已履行淨合約部位究係屬資產或負債,以剩餘的合約權利及履約義務為斷

與客戶合約的收入

合約資產 合約義務

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© 2009 KPMG, the Taiwan member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative. All rights reserved.

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Balance Sheet Approach

現行的衍生性金融商品會計處理

未來的租賃會計處理

未來的退休金會計處理

研議中的排放權會計處理

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32© 2009 KPMG, the Taiwan member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative. All rights reserved.

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採用 IFRS 對企業採用 IFRS的衝擊

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© 2009 KPMG, the Taiwan member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative. All rights reserved.

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心態調整

•財務會計人員角色、心態調整

•經營階層人員角色、心態調整

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© 2009 KPMG, the Taiwan member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative. All rights reserved.

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法令環境的變遷

積極面對法令責任架構演變

•實質責任問責制的到來

• 公司治理法律責任

•迅速且嚴厲的民事訴訟

•刑事責任的調整

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© 2009 KPMG, the Taiwan member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative. All rights reserved.

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會計人須要具備的特質

具備 IFRS 堅強的理論背景-沒有 Rule 無法再偷懶具備思考力、推理能力及判斷能力要有世界觀

•探求真相的堅持

•良好的法律素養

•終身學習

•以良善的心,履行忠實報導義務

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© 2009 KPMG, the Taiwan member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative. All rights reserved.

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結語

會計語言的全球化只是一個開始…

金融監理法制的整合才是真正的挑戰!

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37© 2009 KPMG, the Taiwan member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative. All rights reserved.

Printed in Taiwan.

Presenter’s contact details游萬淵 執業會計師KPMG (886) 8101 6666 ext.00332 [email protected]