7/25/2019 IJFTR 30(2) 211-214

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Indian Journal o f Fibre Textile Resea rch

Vol. 30. Jun e 2005. pp. 211-214

Effect of some ring spi nning and winding

parameters on extra sensitive yarn

imperfectiom

U

Arindam Basuo Rajanna Got ipamul

The

South India Textile Research Assoc iation,

Co

imb atore 641014, India

Received 30 April 2 4;

revised received

l{

l accepted

29

Septe

er 2 4

The effect of va rious ring spinning paramete rs and winding

machine parameters on the ya rn

quality

has been studied at hi gher

sensiti

vi

ty l

eve

ls using thc

capac

itance type t

es

ter.

Th

e re lation

ship between ex tra sensitive

imperfec

tions and infrequent ya rn

faults has also been studied. It is observed that the spacer size ,

br

ea

k draft and sp indle speed of ring frame influen

ce

the

imp

er

fect ions and c lassimat fault s With the increase in twi st multipli er

the ya rn quality improves initially and after a ce rta in stage there is

an inc rea se in imperfec tions wit h increased twi st multipli er

Within the chosen limit the

ef

fect of winding speed and ten s ion

weight of

hi

gh speed autoconer on imperfectio ns is minimal.

Kcyword3: C lassima t fau lts, Rin g sp inning, Winding parameter,

Yarn imperfections

fPC Code: Int. CI.

7

D02G3/00

With the passage

of

time, the quality

of

the

ya

rn s has

improved to a great extent and the improvement is

continuous in nature. The studies conduc ted by

SITRA show that the CSP and evenness

of

cotton

yarns have improved up to an extent

of 40

and 35

respectively since 1966. The yarn imperfections con

sisting of thin places, thick places and neps (measured

by capacitance type tester) have reduced considerably.

Similar observation has also been made by Zell

weger Uster

2

In all these studies, the imperfections

were represented by thin places , thick places and neps

at sensitivity levels

-50

,

+50

and +2

00

respec

tiveli

. Due to the advent of modern se nsors, it is now

possible to assess the imperfections at more sensitive

levels also. A studl conducted by SITRA shows that

the inclusion

of

thin places, thick places and neps at

Part

of

this paper has been prese nted

at

the 45

h

Joint Techno

logica l

Co

nference of ATIRA, BTRA, SITRA and NITRA , held

at BTRA , Mumbai , on 26-27 February 2004.

t>ro whom a ll the correspondence should be addressed.

Ph

one:

2574367-9; Fax: +91-422-2571896;

E-mail : sitra@vsnl.com

more sens itive levels (-40 ,+35 ,+140) along

with the conventionally used levels (-50 , +50 ,

+200 )improves the predictability of yarn appear

ance. The present paper reports the influence of vari

ous process parameters

of

card and comber on the

extra sensitive yarn imperfections. Based on the feed

back from the industry, the

st

udy has been extended

to ring sp inning and winding machines with the fol

lowing objectives: (i) to study the influence

of

ring

sp inning process parameters, such as spindle speed,

spacer size, break draft, twist multiplier and traveller

weight, on the extra sensitive yarn imperfections ; (

ii

)

to study the influence

of

important process parameters

of

automatic winding machines, such as winding

speed and tension weight, on the extra sensitive yarn

imperfections; and (iii) to study the relationship be

tween extra sensitive yarn imperfections and classimat

faults.

For initial trials , cotton yarns of med ium count (40s

CH

and fine COLlnt (80s CW were spun with varying

process parameters.

The

spindle speed was varied

from 12500 rpm to 14000 rpm for 40s CH yarn and

from 16000 rpm to 18500 rpm for 80s CW yarn. The

spacer size was varied from 2 .

75mm

to 3.5mm and

the break draft from 1.19 to lAO The traveller size

(16/0, 15/0 and 14/0) and

TM

(3.8, 4.0 and 4 .2) were

varied at 3 levels. For polyester/cotton (48/52) yarn ,

the spindle speed was varied from 14000 rpm to

20000

rpm , spacer size from

2.5mm

to 3.5mm and

bceak draft from 1.18 to 1.28. The traveller size and

TM were maintained at 3 levels The process pa

rameters were changed

one

at a time, keeping the oth

ers constant. In all, thirty-four yarn samples were pro

duced on ring frame using 100 cotton and polyes

ter/cotton blend to assess the impact

of

chosen process

variables on the major yarn properties.

In

second stage

of

study, the trials were undertaken

on winding machine to study the effect of process

variables on yarn properties. The winding speed (800,

1200 and 1600rnlmin) and tension weight (24, 30 and

36g) were varied at 3 levels . Four yarn counts were

selected: two medium counts (30s and 40s) and two

fine counts (60s and 92s). In all, twenty trials were

conducted. The yarn samples were assessed for im

portant yarn properties, such as imperfections , classi

mat faults, single yam strength and hairiness .

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fNOIAN 1 FIBRE TEXT

.

RES.,

JUNE 2005

In the case of 80s CW yarn (Table 1), the imper

fections at 50 ,+50 and +200 sensitivity levels

increase at the rate of

9-20 by changing the spindle

speed fro m 16000 rpm to 18500 rpm. Similar trend is

also observed at extra sensitivity imperfections. As a

result, the total normal levels (-50 , +50 and

+200 )and extra sensitivity levels (-40 ,+35 and

+140 ) imperfections increase by 15 in both th e

cases on increasing the spindle speed. The increase in

imperfections with spindle speed is also observed in

case of 40s CH count. The classimat faults show

overa

ll

increasing trend with increased spindle speed.

The increase

is

about 18 when spindle speed is in

creased from 16000 rpm to 18500 rpm.

In case of 40s PIC yarns, no change is observed in

imperfections and classimat faults by changing

th

e

spindle speed from 14000 rpm to 18000 rpm, whereas

in case of 80s

PIC

yarns, there is 10-15 increase in

imperfections. Consistent trend is not observed in

classimat faults with the increase in spindle speed.

In

the case

of 40

s

CH

yarn,

it is

observed that as

the spacer size increases from 3.0mm to 3.5mm, the

imperfections, both at normal level and at extra sensi

tivity level, decrease . There is a marginal increase in

classimat short thick faults. For 80s CW and 40s PIC

yams (Table 2), the changes within the experimental

limit are significant. In both the counts, the minimum

number

of

imperfections (both normal and extra sen

sitive) is observed when spacer size is minimum (80s

CW, 2.75mm; and 40s PIC 2.5mm). With the in-

crease in spacer size the yarn quali ty deteriorates.

Hence, it appears that the optimum spacer size is

achieved with the minimum size in experimental

range. In the case of 80s PIC yarn, th e imperfections

decrease with

th

e increase in spacer size from 2.5mm

to 3.0mm, though the change from 2.8mm to 3.0mm

is marginal. The classimat faults do not follow a

similar trend. The short thick faults increase when

spacer size of 2.8mm is used and margi nally reduce

from that level when spacer size of 3.0mm is used .

Tables 1 and 2 show that

th

e overall yarn quality in

terms of imperfec tions, classimat faul

ts

and hairiness

improve significantly with lower break draft in case

of polyesterlcotton blended yarn.

The

yarns (40s and

80s Ne) made from 100 cotton do not show any

particular trend with the chosen break draft. On the

other side, the improvement is linear with the break

draft in

PIC

blended yarns. t has been observed that

as the break draft increases, the imperfections as well

as classimat faults increase. The same trend is also

observed in case of 80s PIC yarn. The classimat faults

show a decreasing trend at lower break draft. This is

due to the better fibre control during spinning at lower

break draft. From the results, it can be inferred that

the improvement is more distinct in classimat faults

than in imperfections with lower break draft. There is

30-70 improvement in classimat faults and 10-15

in imperfections.

From Table 1, it can be observed that the influence

of traveller weight on imperfections is significant at

Table I Effect of

ring frame parameters on

yarn

imp

e

rfections and c1assimat faults

(80s CW)

Yarn parameter

SEindle sEeed,

:Em

SEacer

size, mm

Break

draft

Traveller

No

.

TM

16000 17000 18500

2.

75

3.

00 3.50 1.21 1.30

1.40 16/0 15/0 14/0 3.8

4.0

4.2

Imperfections/km

Thin places

-

40

817

883 1003

817

884

864

817 994

1059

817 1000

873 817

788

878

-

50

75

86

94

75

88

85

75

100

152

75

102

78

75

63

84

Thick places

+35

1521

1561

1695

1521 1526 1511

1521

1574 1517

1521

1737 1623 1521

1459

1530

+50 371 396 454

371 367 377 371 399 368 371

469 401

371

346

386

Nep

s

+140

1307

1436 1530

1307 1212

1340 1307 1514 1417

1307

1605

1427

1307

1358

1397

+200

403

432 445

403 364

413 403 440

421 403 454 405

403

405

413

Total imperfections

Normal

(-50%,

+50,

+200

%)

848

914 993

848 819

875

848 939 939

848 1025 884

848 814 883

Extra

s nsitiv

(-40%, +35%,

+140%) 3645 3880

4228

3645

3622

3715 3645

4082 3993

3645

4342

3923 3645 3605

3805

Total classimat

1855

1825 2263

1855 2113

2218

1855 1825

1574

1855 1956

1869 1855

1752 1682

fauits/IOO

km

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the chosen traveller weight. As the traveller No. de- weight. The total c1assimat faults show marginal dete-

creases from 16/0 (lighter traveller) to 14/0 (heavier

rioration with increased traveller weight.

traveller), the yarn quality deteriorates in terms

of

t can be observed from Table 1 that with the initial

normal and extra sensitive imperfections.

For

the cho-

increase in TM, the yarn quality improves in terms of

sen limit

of

traveller weight, the imperfections in- imperfections. This can be explained on the basis

of

crease by 7-10% for both the cases (normal as well as better consolidation

of

fibres in the yarn with higher

extra sensitive imperfections) with increased traveller twist level. The normal as well as extra sensitive im-

Table 2 Effec t

of

ring frame parameters on ya

rn

imperfections and classimat faults (40s

C

Yarn parameter

SQindle

sQeed

, :.Qm SQacer size,

mm

Break draft

Traveller No. TM

14000 16000 18000 2.5

3.0 3.5

1.18 1.22 1.28 4 0

6 0

8 0 3.16 3.40 3.60

Imperfections/km

Thin places

-40%

171

175

194 15

3 1

75

170 180 175 220 200 175

178

201

175

204

-50%

5

9

8

6

9 7

8

9

9 8

9 7 13

9

11

Thick places

+35%

565 546

581

490 546

591

543 546 612 584 546

603 565

546 622

+50% 94

112

108

82 112

116 102 112 106 108

112

108 96

112

125

Neps

+140%

676 682 672 618 682 690 615 682 779 687 682 672 693

682

764

+200%

186

200 164

164

200 205 1

82

200 208

199

200 189 183

200

211

Total imperfections

Normal

(-50 ,+50%, +200%)

285

321

300 252

32

1 328 292 321 323 315 321 304 292

321

347

Extra sensitive

(-40

,

+35%, +140%)

141

2 1403 1447

1261

1403

1451

1338

1403 1611 1471

1403 1453 1459 1403 1590

Total c1assimat

838 1062 770 85 1 1062 794

663

1062

1082

874 1062 902

880

1062 945

faultS/IOO km

Table 3 - Effect

of

winding speed on yarn impe

rf

ect ions and

cl

assimat faults (40s CH)

Yarn parameter

Ring Tension

wI.

(24 g

Tension

wI.

(30

g

Tension

wI.

(36

g

yarn

800 1200

1600 800 1200 1600 800 1200' 1600'

Imperfections/km

Thin places

-40%

124

185 165

238 266

248

147

146 146

13

4

-50%

5 4 4

20 16 21

3

4 4

2

Thick places

+35%

370

452

407 497

517 429 413 422 455 397

+50%

44 45 45

58

56

42

44 44 48 46

Neps

+140%

459

493 486

582 538

521

519 483 511

506

+200%

120

107

101

121 112

112 103 108 106

103

Total imperfections

Normal

(-50%, +50

,

+200%)

169 156

150

199 184

175

ISO 156

158

lSI

Extra sensitive

(-40 ,+35%, +140%)

953 1130

105

8 1317

1321

1198 1079

1051 1112 1037

Total classimat faults/IOO

km

310

326

444

385 329

376 428

350 320 484

Winding speed in rnImin.

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INDIAN J FIBRE TEXT. RES JUN E 2005

perfections thus decrease marginally for the two

cou nts, especially with a reduction in number

of

thin

places in the yarn. Thereafter, with the increase in

TM

the imperfections increase.

This

may be due to

the fi bre rupture with higher longitudinal strain at

higher

TM

, resulting in increase in

number

of

thin

places (weak spots) in the ya rn.

Ta

ble I also shows that after winding, the parent

ya

rn quality deteriorates in terms

of

imperfections and

classimat faults. Comparing with parent

ya

rn, the con

sol id ated extra sensitive imperfections and classimat

faults increase by 20-25 after winding.

There

is no

change

in

normal imperfections. All the four counts

show the same result. When the winding speed is in

creased by about 20 ,no clear trend is observed for

imperfections and

c1a

ss imat faults, i.e. th e chosen

limits

of

winding sp

ee

d are insignificant to yarn qual

ity for the four counts studied (Table 3).

Three levels

of

tension weight have been chosen at

co nstant winding speed for each count. t is observed

that the influence

of

tension weight on imperfec tions

and c1assimat faults

is

not clear.

The

limits chosen are

insignificant to the yarn quality for the four counts

studied.

An attempt has also been made to find out the rela

tionship between frequently occUlTing faults (imper-

fections) and se ldom occurring faults (classimat

faults). t is observed that a strong and positive con-e

lation exists between impe

rf

ec tions (both n

or

mal and

extra sensitive) and ass imat faults,

espec

ially with

short thick faults , ABCD (r=0.87 - 0.89) and objec

tionable faults

r

0.85).

The

long thick faults (

EFG

,

r