TC. ANADOLU NVERSTES YAYINI NO: 1472

AIKRETM FAKLTES YAYINI NO: 785

KTSADA GRfi

YazarlarProf.Dr. Erdoan ALKN (nite 11-20)Prof.Dr. Kemal YILDIRIM (nite 2-6, 10)Do.Dr. Mustafa ZER (nite 1, 7-9)

EditrProf.Dr. lyas fiIKLAR

ANADOLU NVERSTES

Bu kitabn basm, yaym ve satfl haklar Anadolu niversitesine aittir.Uzaktan retim tekniine uygun olarak hazrlanan bu kitabn btn haklar sakldr.

lgili kurulufltan izin almadan kitabn tm ya da blmleri mekanik, elektronik, fotokopi, manyetik kaytveya baflka flekillerde oaltlamaz, baslamaz ve datlamaz.

Copyright 2003 by Anadolu UniversityAll rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system, or transmittedin any form or by any means mechanical, electronic, photocopy, magnetic, tape or otherwise, without

permission in writing from the University.

UZAKTAN RETM TASARIM BRM

Genel Koordinatr Prof.Dr. Levend Kl

Genel Koordinatr YardmcsYard.Do.Dr. Mjgan Bozkaya

retim TasarmcsYard.Do.Dr. Cengiz Hakan Aydn

Grafik Tasarm YnetmenleriProf. T. Fikret Uar

r.Gr. Cemalettin Yldz

Televizyon Programlar Yneticisi Prof.Dr. Naci Ghan

Dil ve Yazm DanflmanlarYard.Do.Dr. Hlya Pilanc

Okt. Gnl YkselOkt. Serap Cavkaytar

lme Deerlendirme Sorumlularlkay ner Badurlar

Kitap Koordinasyon BirimiYard.Do.Dr. Feyyaz Bodur

Uzm. Nermin zgr

Kapak DzeniProf. T. Fikret Uar

DizgiAkretim Fakltesi Dizgi Ekibi

ktisada Girifl

ISBN975 - 06 - 0204 - 8

2. Bask

Bu kitap ANADOLU NVERSTES Web-Ofset Tesislerinde 180.000 adet baslmfltr.ESKfiEHR, Austos 2004

indekilerSunufl ............................................................................................................ xiKullanm Klavuzu ....................................................................................... xii

ktisadn Tanm ve Temel Kavramlar ................................. 1KTSADIN TANIMI ...................................................................................... 3KTSADIN YNTEM ................................................................................... 5KTSAD DfiNCE TARZI.......................................................................... 7Rasyonel Davranfl.......................................................................................... 7Karar Alma .................................................................................................... 8Marjinal Analiz................................................................................................ 9ktisadi Dflnme Tarznda Yaplan Hatalar ............................................... 9KTSADIN BLMLER ............................................................................... 11Mikro ktisat ve Makro ktisat ..................................................................... 11Pozitif ve Normatif ktisat ............................................................................ 11TEMEL KTSAD KAVRAMLAR ................................................................... 12Ekonomik Birimler ....................................................................................... 12htiyalar ve zellikleri ................................................................................ 13Mal ve Hizmetler .......................................................................................... 14zet .............................................................................................................. 17Kendimizi Snayalm ..................................................................................... 18Yaflamn iinden ........................................................................................... 19Baflvurabileceimiz Kaynaklar ..................................................................... 19Kendimizi Snayalm Yant Anahtar ............................................................ 19Sra Sizde Yant Anahtar ............................................................................. 20EKLER ............................................................................................................ 21

Ktlk, Tercih ve Fayda ............................................................ 33KITLIK VE TERCH ....................................................................................... 35Tercih ve Frsat Maliyeti ............................................................................... 36Frsat Maliyeti ve Parasal Maliyet ................................................................ 37RETM MKANLARI ERS ....................................................................... 38Artan Frsat Maliyeti ..................................................................................... 39retim mkanlar Erisinde Kaymalar: Ekonomik Byme ....................... 40ALTERNATF KTSAD SSTEMLER ............................................................ 43Kumanda Ekonomileri Sistemi ..................................................................... 45Karma Ekonomi Sistemi ............................................................................... 45TERCH VE FAYDA ...................................................................................... 46Toplam ve Marjinal Fayda ............................................................................ 46Tketici Dengesi: Fayda Maksimizasyonu .................................................. 48zet ............................................................................................................... 52Kendimizi Snayalm ..................................................................................... 53Yaflamn inden ........................................................................................... 55Baflvurabileceimiz Kaynaklar ..................................................................... 56Kendimizi Snayalm Yant Anahtar ............................................................ 56Sra Sizde Yant Anahtar ............................................................................. 56

Arz ve Talep ............................................................................ 59TALEP VE TALEP MKTARI ......................................................................... 61Talep Tablosu ............................................................................................... 62Talep Erisi ................................................................................................... 62Piyasa Talep Erisi ....................................................................................... 63

indek i ler iii

NTE 1

NTE 2

NTE 3

Talep Erisi Boyunca Hareketlenme ........................................................... 64Talepteki Kaymalar ....................................................................................... 65ARZ VE ARZ MKTARI ................................................................................. 67Arz Tablosu ................................................................................................... 68Arz Erisi ....................................................................................................... 69Piyasa Arz Erisi ........................................................................................... 70Arzdaki Boyunca Hareketlenme .................................................................. 70Arzdaki Kaymalar ......................................................................................... 71PYASA DENGES ......................................................................................... 74Arz ve Talep Tablolarnn Bir Araya Getirilmesi ........................................ 74DENGEDEK DEfiMELER .......................................................................... 76Talepteki Kaymalar ....................................................................................... 76Arz Erisindeki Kaymalar ............................................................................. 77Arz ve Talep Erilerindeki Efl Anl Kaymalar ............................................. 78zet ............................................................................................................... 82Kendimizi Snayalm ..................................................................................... 83Yaflamn inden ........................................................................................... 84Baflvurabileceimiz Kaynaklar ..................................................................... 84Kendimizi Snayalm Yant Anahtar ............................................................ 84Sra Sizde Yant Anahtar .............................................................................. 84

Esneklik ..................................................................................... 87TALEBN FYAT ESNEKL ........................................................................ 89Fiyat Esnekliinin lm ........................................................................... 91Esneklik Terminolojisi .................................................................................. 93Doru fieklindeki Bir Talep Erisi Boyunca Esneklik ................................ 95Yay (Ark) Esneklii veya Orta Nokta Formlyle Esneklik Hesaplamas .................................................................................................. 96Fiyat Esneklii ve Toplam Haslat ............................................................... 97Talebin Fiyat Esnekliini Etkileyen Faktrler ............................................. 99TALEPTEK KAYMALARA LfiKN ESNEKLKLER ...................................... 101Talebin Gelir Esneklii ................................................................................. 101apraz Talep Esneklii ................................................................................. 103ARZ ESNEKL .......................................................................