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5/7/2018 Iman Rahayu HS (Herni) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/iman-rahayu-hs-herni 1/7
Hasil Penelitian Jurnal.Teknol. dan Industri Pangan, Vol. XlV, No.3 Th. 2003
K A RA K TE R IS TIK F IS IK , K O M PO S IS I K IM IA D A N U JI O R G AN O LE PT IK
T E L U R A YA M M ER AW A N G D EN GA N P E M B E R IA N
P AK A N B ER S U PL EM E N O M EG A -3
[P h y sic a l C h a ra c te ris tic , C h em ic a l C ompo sitio n a n d O r ga n o le p tic T e st
o f M e ra w an g C hick en E gg F ed w ith Om e ga -3 S up ple m en ta tio n D ie t]
Im an R ah ay u H S
S ta f P e n ga ja r J u ru s an IIm u P ro d uk si T e rn a k, F A P E T- IP B , J I. R a sa m a la K am pu s IP B D a rm a g a , B o g or
D ite rim a 2 0 M a r et 2 00 3/ D is e tu ju i 1 5 A g us tu s 2 00 3
A B S T R A C T
Ch ic ke n e g g is a g oo d q ua lity a nim a l p ro te in s ou rc e. T he q ua lity o f th e e gg c an b e im p ro ve d w ith s pe sific fe ed in g, s uc h a s om eg a-3
s u pp lem e nte d d ie t. M e raw a ng c hic ke n is o n e o f lo c al In d on e sia n c h ic k en d om es tic a te d a t B a n gk a Is la n d, S o uth S um a te ra , a n d p o pu la r a s ala y er b ir d. T h e a im o f th is r es e ar ch w a s to s tu d y th e e ffe c t o f om e ga -3 s u pp lem e nta tio n o n th e p h ys ic al c h ar ac te ris tic , c hem ic a l c om po s itio n
a nd o rg ano le ptic te st o f M era wa ng ch ick en eg gs. O ne hu nd re d a nd th irty s ix e ggs (7 3 e gg s w ere c on tro l a nd 63 e gg s w as o me ga -3
su p lemen te d ) we r e co lle c te d fr om 64 M e ra w an g c hic ke n fo r e le ve n w e ek s. F ee din g w e re a rr an ge d is on itro ge no us (15 .8%) and i soca l or ic
(2 65 0 k k allk g), a nd fe d a d lib itu m . Om e ga -3 fe ed in g w a s p ro du ce d fro m fe rm e nta tio n o f s oy be an w a ste (a m pa s ta hu ) a nd m o ld ( Rh iz op us
o lig os po ru s), th en m ix ed w ith s ea fis h o il w as te (1:1, w /w ). T he re su lt sh ow ed tha t n o s ig nifica nt e ffec t o f th e tre atm en t on p hy sic al
cha rac te r is t icpa rame t e r. Omega -3 eggs s i gn i fi can t ly (Ps .O .0 5 ) i nc re a se d th e r atio o f w id th a n d le n gth o f e g gs . T h e s c o re o f y o lk w a s i n cr ea s ed
in om e ga -3 e g gs w h ic h in d ic a te d in c re a se o f om e ga -3 fa tty a c id s a n d f J c a ro te n c o nte n ts . T h e to ta l lip id a n d c ho le s te ro l c o nte n ts w e re lo w e r
(P s.0 .0 5) in o me ga -3 e gg s, h ow ev er, o me ga -3 fa tty a cid s c om po ne nt (Iin ole na t, E P A a nd D H A) in cre as ed 1 0 a nd 6 tim e s th a n c o ntr ol.
O r ga n ole p tic t es t o f c o lo u r, fla v or , te x tu re a n d ta s te o f w h ite p o rtio n , y o lk p o rtio n a n d w h o le e g gs w e re g e ne ra lly a c ce p te d b y th e p a ne lis , b o th
in th e c on tr ol a n d om e ga -3 e g gs .
P E N D A H U L U A N
K e y wo rd s : P h ys ic a l c om po s itio n , c h em ic a l q u ality , o rg a no le p tic te s t, M e raw a ng c h ic ke n e g g, om e ga -3 s u pp lem e nt
P an ga n a sa l h ew an (te rn ak ) m e ru pa ka n s um b er
p ro te in d a n m e n g an d un g a sa m am in o e s en s ia l y a ng t id a k
d is u p la i d a r i ba h a n p a ng a n la in , s eh in g g a sa ng a t
b e rp e ng a ru h te rh a da p s ta tu s k e se h ata n s e se o ra n g y a ng
p ada a kh im ya be rpe ra nan p ada p en in gka tan ku alita s
s um b e r d ay a m a n u s ia . S um b e r p r ot ein a s a l t e rn a k t er se b u t
d i a nta ra ny a d ag in g, s us u d an te lu r. T e lu r u ng ga s (a ya m )
m em pun ya i k a n du n g a n a sam am in o e se n s ia l d a n n o n
e s e n sia l y an g c u k up le n g k ap d a n t in g g i m u t u ny a , s e h in g g a
s an ga t c o co k u ntu k m e m e nu hi k eb utu ha n m a nu sia u ntu k
p e rtu m b uh a n, d is a m p in g m u d a h d ic e rn a , m u d a h d id a pa t
d a nm u r ah h a rg a n ya .
Be rbag ai p ene lit ia n te la h d ila ku kan te rh ada p
k ara kte ris tik d an k ua lita s te lu r u ng ga s (R om a no ff d an
R om an off , 1963 ; C oo k d an B rig g s, 1977 ; S ira it , 1986 ;
S a le s e t a I., 1 99 6), te ta p i h a ny a s e dik it y a ng m e la p or ka n
p a d a t e l u r a y am l ok a l ( P ri la ju a r ti, 1 9 90 ; S u l is ty ow a t i, 1 9 96 ;
Im a n R ah ay u, 20 01 ). T elu r a ya m M e ra wa ng m e ru pa ka n
a lte rn a tif s u m be r d a ya lo k al y a ng b is a d it in g ka tk a n m u tu
d a n k u a lit as n y a d e n g a n m a n ip u la s i p a d a p a k a nn y a .
S a la h s a tu m a n ip u la si p a ka n y a ng b is a d ite ra p ka n
d a n d ih a ra p ka n m em p u n ya i n ila i ta m b a h p a da p ro d uk te lu r
lo ka l y a itu d e n ga n pe n g g un a a n su p lem en om ega -3
(C h eria n e t a I., 2 00 2), y an g m e ru pa ka n a sa m le m ak t id ak
je nu h ra nta i g an da y an g b erp era na n d ala m p em b en tu ka n
se l o ta k ba lita a tau an a k -an a k d a n p e n u ru n an ka d a r
k o le s te ro l p a da o ra n g d e w as a (W in a rn o , 1 99 5; S is co vic k,
1 99 6). P en gg un aa n s up le m en o m eg a-3 s eb an ya k 5 %
d a lam pa ka n ayam ra s p e te lu r d ila p o rkan b is a
m e n in g ka tk a n k a nd u ng a n D H A (d o co s a h e xa n oa t) 1 0 k ali
lip at d an m e nu ru nk an k ad ar k ole ste ro l L DL (lo w d en sity
lip o pr ote in ) s e ba n ya k 5 0 % (R oss i e t a I., 1997 ; Im an
R a h a yu e t a I., 1 9 97 ).
K om p o s is i f is ik d a n k u a lit as t elu r a y am d ip e n g ar uh i
o le h b eb era pa fa kto r, d ia nta ra ny a ba ng sa a ya m , u m ur,
m us im , p en ya kit , lin gkun ga n (su hu d an ke le mba ba n),
p ak an d an s is te m p en ge lo la an a ya m te rs eb ut (N orth d an
B e ll, 1990 ), y a n g p a d a g ilira nn ya ku a lita s in i a ka n
b e rp e ra n an p a da k ep u tu s an k o ns u m e n d a la m m e n e ntu k an
p ilih an . P e ne rim a an k on su m e n p ad a s ua tu p ro du k d ap at
d ilih a t d e n g a n m e l ak u ka n u ji o r ga n o le p tik . U ji o r ga n o le p tik
d ila k uk a n d e ng a n m e n g gu n ak an p e nila ia n s ka la h e do n ik
199
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Basil Penelitian Jurnal.Teknol. dan Industri Pangan, Vol.XlV, No.3 Th. 2003
te rh ad ap p ara me te r w am a, a ro ma , te ks tu r d an ra sa d ari
p r od u k t e rs e but (Ra h a y u , 1 998 ).
S e h ub u ng a n d e ng a n h a l- ha l y a ng b e rk a it an d e ng a n
p em ik ir an te rs e bu t, p e ne lit ia n in i d ila k uk a n u n tu k m e lih a t
p e n g a ru h p a k a n be rs u p lem en o m e q a - a t er h ad a p k ompo s is if is ik , k u alita s k im i a d a n o rg a no le p tik t elu r a y am Me r aw a n g,
y an g m eru pa ka n sa la h sa tu je nis a ya m lo ka l d an ba nya k
d ibud id a yakan d i dae rah S unga i L ia t, K ecam a tan
M e ra wa ng , P ula u B an gk a, S um a tra (N ata am ija ya e t a l.,
1 99 4; N a ta am ija y a, 2 00 0, D a rw a ti e t a I., 2 00 2).
METODOLOG I
B ah an d an a la tS e ju m la h te lu r y an g d ig un ak an te rd ir i d ari 7 3 b utir
te lu r k on tro l d an 6 3 b utir te lu r a ya m M e ra w an g y an g d ib eri
p a kan be rsup lem en om ega ·3 dengan kada r 5 % , yang
d ipe ro le h da r i p em elih a raan 64 eko r a yam M eraw ang
d ew asa u mu r 22·3 0 m in gg u. P aka n d ibe rika n a d lib itum
d is u su n is o pr ot ein (1 5, 8 % ) d an is ok alo ri (2 65 0 k ka l/k g)
y ang t e rd i ri d a n b a ha n ja g un g , d e da k h a lu s , b u ng k il k e de le ,
te pu ng ika n, bu ng kil ke la pa , D CP (D ie als iu mp osp ha t),
C aC 03 d an N aC I.
A ya m·a ya m te rse bu t d ile ta kka n d ala m ka nd an g
be ra l as l i tter, t eba l ± 10 em , u ku ran kandang 0,8 x 1 xl m 3.
S e tia p k a nd a ng m e ru p ak a n u la n ga n p e d a k u a n y a n g t er d ir i
d a n 4 eko r. D i da lam kandang juga d ised ia kan tem pa t
p ak an d an te m pa t m in um a n, s erta s ara ng b erlu ba ng d ua .
Me t ode
- P em b ua ta n s up le m en o m eg a·3
A m pa s ta hu d ife rm e nta si d en ga n k ap an g Rh iz opus sp .,
d ik erin gk an d an d ig ilin g. K em u dia n d ie am p ur d en ga n
lim b ah m in ya k ik an la ut (s ard en ) d en ga n p erb an din ga n
1 :1 (b ib ) (K om a ri, 1 99 6). H as il a na lis is m e nu nju kk an
sup lem en om ega ·3 te rd ir i d a ri 2 ,6 % asam lem ak
l in o le na t ; 2 , 4 % a s am e ik o sa p en ta n oa t (E P A ) d a n 1 ,9 %
a s am d o ko s ah e xa n oa t (D HA ).
- P em e lih ara an a ya mAyam -aya rn d ile ta kkan da lam kandang seca ra aeak
s e su a i d e ng a n p e de k ua n -u la n qa n . P a k an d a n a ir m i num
diber ikan a d lib itu m . V ak sin as i u la ng an te rh ad ap N D
(N ew C astle D is ea se s) d ib erik an s es ua i ja dw a l y aitu
pada um ur 28 m inggu . S ela in itu ju ga d ibe r ik an oba t
n go ro k d an v it a s tr e ss (d os is 5 g rl 10 lite r a ir m in um ).
A y am d ip e lih a ra s e lam a 1 1 m in g gu .
- P en ga m bila n s am p el d an p em e ca ha n te lu r
P e ng am b ila n s am p el d ila ku ka n 3 m in gg u s ete la h a ya m
m endapa t pe rla kuan . S ejum lah te lu r pada sa tu ha ri
(K am is ) d iko le ks i se tia p m inggu se lam a 8 m inggu
be rtu ru t· tu ru t u n tu k d ila ku kan pem eeahan pada
k ee so ka n p ag i h arin ya . P e ng am a ta n k ara kte ris tik f is ik
ada la h te lu r d it im bang , d ie a ta t keadaan lua rn ya
(k e utu h an , k e be rs ih a n, w am a k e ra b an g , b e ntu k te lu r d a n
in de ks te lu r i ra sio le ba r d an p an ja ng te lu r), k em u dia nte lu r d ip ec ah ka n d i a ta s m e ja k ac a. D iu ku r t in gg i p utih
t elu r k e nt al ( de n ga n micromete~ u n tu k m e n e nt uk a n n ila i
Haugh Un it (HU ) be rdasa rkan rum us : HU= 100
lo g (H +7 ,5 7 -1 ,7w o .3 7 ),d im a n a H= t in g g i p u tih t elu r k e n ta l
d an W = be ra t te lu r (M oun tne y , 1976). W arna kun ing
te lu r d ite ntu ka n d en ga n sko r m en gg un ak an a la t Yolk
C olou r F an (Hun ton , 1987). S ete la h itu d ip isah kan
b ag ia n p utih d an k un in g, d an m a sin g-m a sin g d it im b an g
u ntu k m e ne ntu ka n b era tn ya . K era ba ng te lu r d it im b an g
dan d iu ku r ke teba lannya dengan m enggunakan
mic rome te r ca ll ipe r . U n tu k m e n g eta h ui k om po s is i k im ia
d ila ku ka n a na lis is b eb era pa b utir te lu r m e lip ut i b ag ia np ut ih , k un in g d an c am p u ra nn ya (p utih d an k un in g te lu r).
T e lu r t er se b ut d ia n alis is k a nd u ng a n a ir , p ro te in , le m a k ,
k a rb o h id r at , k o le s te r ol, P ka ro ten dan asam lem ak
om ega -3 . U ji o rgano lep tik d ila k u kan dengan
m en gg un ak an 3 6 p an elis a ga k te rla tih d an d ila ku ka n
p ad a p uk ul 0 9.0 0-1 1.0 0 W I B. M a te ri d is ia pk an d i a ta s
p ir in g k erta s s ete la h te lu r d ire bu s d ah ulu . S e bu tir te lu r
d ib ag i 4 b ag ia n u ntu k m a sin g-m a sin g p ut ih , k un in g d an
c am p ura n (p ut ih d an k un in g). M e to de u ji o rg an ole ptik
d ila k u ka n men u r ut R a h a y u ( 1998) .
Peub ahP eu ba h y an g d ia m at i m e lip uti k ara kte ris tik f is ik
(be ra t te lu r, kun in g , pu tih dan ke rabang , se r ta ra s io
kun in g :pu t ih ); d an kua lita s te lu r, te rd ir i d a ri kua lita s
e k ste rio r (k e utu h an , k e be rs ih a n, b e ntu k d a n in d ek s le b ar -
p an ja ng te lu r) d an k ua lita s in te rio r (n ila i H U, s ko r k un in g
te lu r dan teba l ke rabang ); se rta kom pos is i k im ia te lu r
(p ro ks im a t) d ari b ag ia n p utih , k un in g d an c am p ura n p utih
d an k un in g te lu r. U ji o rg an ole ptik m e lip uti w a rn a, a ro m a,
te ks tu r d an ra sa te lu r d en ga an s is te m s ko rin g p ad a le m ba r
is ia n ( be r da s a rk a n s k a la h e d o n ik ).
Stat i s t i kR an ca ng an a ea k le ng ka p p ola s ea ra h d ig un ak an
da lam pene lit ia n in i d engan 2 pe rla kuan . D a ta yang
d ip e ro le h d ia n alis is d e ng a n m e n g gu n ak a n p e ra n gk a t S A S
(S A S In st itu t, 1 99 7) s ete la h· d itra ns fo rm a sik an k e d ala m
a rc sin d an lo ga ritm a . D ata u ji o rg an ole pt ik d en ga n s ka la
h ed on ik d ia na lis is d en ga n m e to de K ru sk al-W a llis (S te el
d a n T o rr ie , 1 99 5). P e rs e nta s e t in g ka t p e ne rim a a n d ih itu n g
b erd as ark an ra sio ju m la h p an elis y an g m e m be ri s ko r 3 , 4
d an 5 te rh ad ap p an elis k es elu ru ha n s eb ag ai p ers en ta se
pane lis yang m ene rim a dan ra s io jum lah pane lis y ang
m em be ri s ko r 1 dan 2 te rhadap pane lis k e se lu ruhan
s e ba g ai p e rs e nt as e p a ne lis y a ng tid a k m e n e rim a / m e n o la k .
200
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Hasil Penelitian Jurnal.Teknol. dan lndustri Pangan, Vol. XIV, No.3 Th. 2003
H A S IL D A N P EM B AH A S AN
Ka r a k t e r is t ik f is i kP ro po rs i b era t k un in g, p ut ih d an k era ba ng te lu r
p en elit ia n tid ak d ip en ga ru hi o le h p erla ku an . M e sk ip uns e c ar a s t at is tik t id a k b e rb e d a, t ap i t elu r y a n g d ip e ro le h d a ri
a y am y a ng m e n da p at p e rla k ua n p a ka n k o ntro l r ela tif le b ih
b e s ar . R a sio b e ra t k u n in g d a n p u tih t elu r ju g a m e n u n ju k k an
h a l y a n g s am a (T a b e I1 ).
R om an o f f d an R om an o ff (1963 ) m enye bu tk a n
b a hw a p e rs en ta s e b er at p u tih , k u nin g d a n k e ra ba n g te lu r
b e rtu ru t- tu ru ta d ala h 5 7% , 3 2% d a n 1 1% . P a d a t e lu r a y am
M e r aw a n g d id a pa tk an p e rs e nta s e b e ra t p u tih u n tu k te lu r
k on tro l d a n b ers up le m en o m eg a-3 a da la h 5 3% d an 5 5% ,
ku n in g 3 3% dan 32% , d a n ke raba n g 14% dan 13% .
T e rlih a t ba hw a te lu r a yam M eraw a n g ! a yam lo ka l
m em pu n ya i pe rsen ta se ra s io ku n in g : p u t ih d a n be ra tk era ba ng y an g le bih be sa r d ib an din gka n d en ga n te lu r
a ya m ra s. H al in i d im u ng kin ka n d en ga n m e lih at k ea da an
f is io lo gis a ya m . P ad a a ya m ra s p ro se s b er te lu r te rja di
s e p a n ja n g ha n (p rod u ks i s e k ita r 3 00 bu t ir /ta hu n ),
s e d an g ka n p a d a ayam 10ka i/M eraw an g sek ita r 125
b u tir /t ah u n (S P THMT , 1 9 99 ), s e h in g g a p ro s e s k a ls if ik a si
k era ba ng p ad a a ya m lo ka l a ga k le bih ba gu s, d is am p in g
f a k to r k u a l it a s p a k a n ju g a be r p e n g ar u h .
K u a lit as e k st er io r t elu r p e n e lit ia n d it am p i lk a n p a d a
T abe l 2 . D id ap atk an s ek ita r 15 % te lu r be rb en tu k t id ak
n orm a l (be njo l), h al in i d ise ba bk an k are na a ya m h ab is
te rs era ng te te lo (N ew Castle D iseases) y a n gm e ng ak ib atk an g an gg ua n p ad a s alu ra n re pro du ks in ya .
D i s amp in g it u p e n y a k it I n fec t ious Bronch it is ( IS ) ju g a d a p a t
m e ny eb ab ka n g an gg ua n p ad a p erk em ba ng an se ba gia n
a ta u ke se lu ru ha n s alu ra n re pro du ks i a ya m (S ain sb ury ,
1983) .
W a r n a k e ra b a ng t elu r n o rm a l, b e rv a ria s i d a ri p u tih -
c o k la t, k a re n a ayam M eraw a n g in i m em an g be lumte rs e le k s i s e ba ga i p e te lu r y a ng m eng h a s ilk an w am a
k era ba ng te lu r y an g s era ga m . In de ks te lu r b ers up le m en
o m e g a-3 n y ata le b ih b es a r d a rip a da te lu r k o ntro l (0 ,8 1 v s.
0 ,7 7), y an g b e ra rt i te lu r le b ih s p he ric al I a ga k b ula t y an g
b ia sa d id ap atk an d ari te lu r b eru ku ra n k ec il, s ed an gk an
in d ek s k e cil y a ng d id a pa tk a n p a da k e lo m p ok te lu r k o ntro l
d en g a n u ku ra n te lu r be sa r l be ra t , be n tu kn ya leb ih
el l ipsoidal I lo n jo n g (G o n za le s e t a l., 1 98 2). H a l in i s e su a i
d e ng a n p e ne lit ia n p e nd a hu lu a n Im a n R a ha yu (2 00 1) y an g
m em ban d in g ka n a n ta ra te lu r a yam M eraw ang , a yam
K am p un g d a n a ya m ra s.
S e te la h te lu r s am p e l d ip e ca h d id a pa tk a n k u alita sin t e rio r t e lu r , m e l ip u t i H au gh U nit (H U ), s ko r k u nin g te lu r
d a n t eb a l k e ra b a ng ( T ab e I3 ).
P a da k ed ua k elo m po k te lu r p erla ku an d id ap atk an
k ua lita s A A y an g d itu nju kk an d en ga n n ila i H U d ia ta s 7 2
(U S D A, 1 96 4). K ea da an w a rn a k un in g te lu r b ers up le m en
o m eg a-3 n ya ta le bih k un in g d arip ad a te lu r k on tro l ya ng
d itu nju kk an d en ga n n ila i s ko r y an g b es ar (9 ,0 2 v s. 7 ,0 8).
K ea da an w arn a k un in g te lu r y an g s em a kin p ek at d id ug a
ka re na ka nd un ga n a sa m le ma k o meg a-3 d an ~ ka ro te n
y an g te rd ap at p ad a k un in g te lu r te rs ebu t. F ak to r p ak an
ju ga b erp en ga ru h p ad a p ig m en ta si k un in g te lu r te ru ta m a
p a da p a ka n y an g b e rs u m be r d a n b iji- bijia n (F e rn e r e t a l.,1994 ) .
T a be l 1 . R a ta a n b er at, k u nin g , p u tih d a n k e ra ba n g te lu r s e rt a p e rs e nta s e k u nin g :p u tih t el ur k o ntr ol d a n t elu r b er su p le m e n om e ga -3 .
Pe u b a h T e lu r k o n tr ol T e lu r b er su ole m e n Om e g a -3
Be ra t te lu r (~u tir) 43 ,98 + 0 ,42 4 1,4 0 + 0 ,6 9
Be ra t ku n in o te lu r (g lbu tir) 14 ,71 + 0 ,28 1 3,2 8 + 0 ,1 7
Be ra t p u tih te lu r (g lbu tir) 23 ,3 8 + 0 ,34 22 ,66 + 0 ,49
Be ra t ke rabanq (dbu tir) 5 ,71 + 0,09 5 ,2 5+ 0 ,1 6
Be ra t ku n i n g : p ut ih t e lu r (% ) 6 2,9 3 + 0 ,6 7 5 8,6 2 + 0 ,7 4
T a be l2 . R a ta a n k u alit as e k ste rio r te lu r k o ntr ol d a n te lu r b er su p le m e n om e g a- 3.
Pe u b a h T e lu r ko n tro l T e lu r be rsup lem e n O m eg a -3
Ben tuk (% ) 8 6 n or m al, 1 4 t a k n orm a l 8 5 n orm a l, 1 5 ta k n orm a l
Wa r n a Ke ra b a ng t el ur (% ) 7 2 c ok la t, 2 8 p utih 5 3 c ok la t, 4 7 p utih
Kebe rs ihan (% ) 84 + 0,97 86 + 1 ,02
In de ks te lu r (leba r:p an ja ng ) 0 ,77 + 0 ,02a 0 ,81 + 0 ,01b..
Ke te r an g a n .s u p e rs k n p y a n g b e rb e d a me n u n lc k k an s lg n lf lk a n sl n y a ta ( P ~0, 05 )
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T a be l3 . R a ta a n k u alit as in te rio r t elu r k o nt ro l d a n te lu r b e rs u ple m e n om e g a- 3.
P eubah T e lu r kon tro l T e lu r be rsup lem en O m ega -3
H au gh U nit (HU) 85 ,75 + 1 ,06 83 ,49 + 1,13
S k o r k u n in g t e lu r 7,08 + 0 ,22" 9 ,02 + 0,15 b
Te b a l k e ra b a n g (mm / bu t ir ) 0 ,34 + 0 ,01 0 ,34 + 0,01..
Ke te r a ng a n : s u p e rs k n p y a n g b e rb e d a me n u n lu k k an s lgm f lk a n sl n y a ta ( P :s ,0 ,0 5 )
K om p o s is i k im i a
A n alis is n u tr is i d a ri te lu r p e ne litia n d is a jik a n p a da
T abe l 4 . Kandungan e ne rg i te lu r a ya m M eraw ang ya ng
d id a pa t d a ri d u a k e lom p o k p e rla k ua n m a s ih le b ih t in g gi d a ri
h as il y an g d ila po rk an o le h P uw a stie n e t a I., (2 00 0) y an g
m en eliti p ad a te lu r a ya m ra s. T erd ap at p erbe da an ya ng
b e sa r p a da k a nd u ng a n lem a k , to ta l k o le s te ro l, a s am lem a k
om e g a- 3 d a n J ) k a ro te n te ru tam a p a da b a gia n k u nin g te lu r.
K ad ar le m ak k as ar d an to ta l k ole ste ro l p ad a k un in g te lu rb e rs u plem e n om e g a -3 le b ih r en d ah 3 0% d a n 5 1% d a rip a d a
t e lu r k on t ro l .
d en g an h as il p en elitia n y an g d ila po rk an o le h Im a n R a ha yu
e t a I., (1 9 97 ), H e ra n ita (1 99 8), S u d ib ya (1 99 8 ) d a n C h e ria n
e t a I., ( 2002 ).
M en uru t An gg oro di (198 5) za t-za t m in era l y an g
te rd ap at d ala m se bu tir te lu r m en ca ku p k als iu m, fo sfo r,
n a tr ium , kh lo r, k a lium , m agnes ium , fe rrum , yod ium ,
m a n g a n, z in k um , k o ba lt d a n k u pr um . J um l ah n ya b e rv ar ia s i
ya ng d apa t d item uka n pada te lu r a yam ra s , a yam
k am p u ng , it ik d a n p uy uh (Im a n R a ha yu , 2 00 1). P a da te lu ra ya m M e ra w an g tid ak d id ap atk an p erb ed aa n k an du ng an
m i ne ra l p a da k e du a k e lom p o k te lu r (T a be l 5 ).
T a be l4 . A n a lis is k im i a t elu r k o nt ro l d a n t elu r b e rs u ple m e n om e g a- 3.
Peubah T e lu r k o nt ro l T elu r b ers up le m en O m e ga -3
P th Kng C am p P th Kng Cam p
Kada r A ir (% 1 87,5 52 ,50 71 ,98 - 51 ,01 70 ,85
P r o te in (%BK ) 10 ,09 15 ,22 14 ,17 - 15 ,17 14 ,02
Lem ak (% BK ) 0 ,21 29 ,98 21 ,69 - 21 ,29 25 ,23
Ka rb o h id r at (%BK ) 1 ,47 1 ,92 1 ,75 - 1 ,15 1 ,18
Ka lo r i ( ka l !g r ) 237 345 295-
327 307Ko le s te r ol (mg% ) - 295 339 - 162 138
As .Le rna k O m ega -3 0 ,008 0,022 0,010 - 0 ,23 0 ,16
~ k aro te n (% ) - 3 ,5 4 ,0 - 4 ,9 -..
Ke te r a ngan : - t id a k d i a na ll s is
P e n ur un a n k a da r k o le s te ro l p a da k u nin g te lu r b e rs u plem e n
om e ga -3 (s eb es ar 4 5% ) b erin dik as i b aik k are n a s em a k in
r en d ah k o le s te ro l y a ng d ik a nd u n g d a lam s e bu tir t elu r a k an
men ingka tkan kua l i tas te lu r dan m engu rang i re s iko
a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s b ag i y an g m e n gk on su m sin ya . S e da ng ka n
k an du n ga n a sa m le m a k om e ga -3 d an J ) ka r o ten ( p re ku r s o r
v itam in A ) dapa t d itin g ka tkan 10 dan 1,5 ka li d a ri te lu rk on tro l. O m e ga -3 m e ru pa ka n s en ya w a a sa m le m ak tid ak
je nuh ganda yang d ik e tahu i m em punya i m an faa t bag i
k es eh ata n, y aitu d ap at m e nu ru nk an te ka na n d ara h b ag i
p en de rita h ip erte n si, m e n uru nk an re sik o te rk en a k an ke r,
m em pe rba ik i ke se ha tan bag i pende rita d iabe te s dan
seca ra khusus pada ba lita a da lah se baga i kom pone n
p e rtum b u ha n ja rin g a n o ta k s e rta m e n in g ka tk a n k a nd u n ga n
om e ga -3 d ala m a ir s us u ib u (A S I) (C h eria n d an S im , 1 99 4;
J oy c e d a n N e tt le to n , 1 99 4; S is c ov ic k , 1 99 6 ). P e n in g ka ta n
kandu ngan om ega -3 d alam te lu r in i b isa d im an ipu la s i
d en ga n m em b erik an p ak an m e n ga n du ng om e ga -3 , s ela in
fa k to r u s ia a yam jug a m em penga ruh i da lam p ro sesm e ta bo lis m e (S h afe y d an C h am , 1 99 4). H al in i s es ua i
Kandung an yod iu m m en ingka t dua ka li l ip a t pada te lu r
b ers up le m e n om e ga -3 b aik y an g d ite m u ka n d ala m b ag ia n
ku n ing m aupun cam pu ran (pu tih dan kun ing ) te lu r.
K e ba li ka n n y a d e n g a n k a n d u ng a n NaC I ( ga r am ) .
Organo l ep t i k
N ila i a na l is is m odus o rgano le p tik y angm e n u n ju k ka n d a ya te rim a k o ns um e n te rh a da p p ro d u k te lu r
p en elitia n m e lip uti ba gia n p utih , k un in g d an ca mp ura n
(p u tih d a n k u nin g ) t e lu r d is a jik a n p a d a T a be l6 .
S ko r 4 u ntu k p en ila ia n o rg an ole ptik p ad a w arn a
b a gia n p u tih , k u nin g d a n c a r n p u r t el ur me n u n ju k k an p a n e n s
s ec ara u m um m e ny uk ai w a rn a te lu r k on tro l m a up un te lu r
be r om ega -3 . S ko r 3 un tu k a rom a pad a kun ing te lu r
m e nu nju kk an p an elis b is a m e ne rim a a ro m a k un in g te lu r,
m e s k ip u n p e n ila ia n panel i s te rh ad ap a ro m a in i le bih tin gg i
p a da te lu r k o ntr ol (4 0,1 4 v s. 3 2 ,8 6). H a l in i d is e ba b ka n o le h
a ro m a p ad a te lu r b ero m eg a-3 m e m pu ny ai a ro m a s ep erti
ik an y an g d ib erik an p ad a p ak an s eb ag ai s um b er o m e ga -3( Jia n g e t a I., 1 992 ).
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T a be l5 . K a n du n ga n m i ne ra l t elu r k o nt ro l d a n t elu r b e rs u ple m e n om e g a- 3.
P eubah Te lu r kon tro l T e lu r b ers up le m en O m e ga -3
P th Kng C am p P th Kng C am 1!_
Ka ls ium (C a ) --% 0,07 0 ,08 0 ,18 - 0 ,02 0 ,06P h os ph or (P ) -- % 0,04 0,026 0 ,016 - 0 ,037 0 ,051
Fe rrum Fe ) -m g% 0,008 0,089 0 ,038 - 0,005 0 ,008
Z ink Zn ) -% 0,Q 12 0,063 0 ,04 -
° °od ium Yod) -ppm 2 12 6 - 24 11
NaCI -p_I )_m 68 60 32 - 20 17..
Ke t er a ng a n : - t ld a k d la n a li sl s
T a be l6 . N ila i m o d u s u ji o rg a no le p tik t elu r k o nt ro l d a n t elu r b e rs u ple m e n om e g a- 3.
P eubah Te lu r kon tro l T e lu r be rsup lem en O m ega ·3
P th Kng C am p P th Kng C am p
W a rna 4 4 4 4 4 4Aroma 4 3 4 4 3 4
Teks tu r 4 4 4 2 4 2
Rasa 3 4 4 3 4 4
S k o rm o d us u ji o rg a n ole p tik u n tu k te k stu r p u tih d a n c am p ur
te lu r m enun ju kkan pan e lis tid a k suka a tau tid a k b isa
m e n erim a te lu r b ero m e ga -3 d a rip ad a te lu r k on tro l. H a l in i
d ik are na ka n s ec ara k im ia te lu r b ero m eg a-3 m e m pu ny ai
k an du n ga n om e ga -3 y an g le bih b an ya k (T a be l 4 ), d im a n a
om ega -3 m eru paka n lem ak dan a kan m engak iba tka n
te ks tu r y an g le bih b erm in ya k d ib an din g ka n te lu r k on tro l.
R asa kun ing da n cam pu r te lu r kon tro l m aup un te lu rb e rom e g a -3 m e n u n ju k ka n p a ne lis d a p at m e n e rim a d e n ga n
d itu n ju k ka n n ya s k or m o d u s 4 . P e n ila ia n p a ne lis y a ng te la h
d itr an s fo rm a s i (m e t od e K ru s ka l-Wa llis ) p a da b a gia n p u tih
t elu r k o ntr ol le b ih t in g gi dar ipada te lu r b e rom e g a -3 (4 2,1 3
vs . 3 0,88) m es kip un m od us nya m en un ju kka n sk or ya ng
s arn a ya itu 3 y an g be ra rti p an elis d ap at m en erim a ra sa
p u tih te lu r in i. P a ram e te r o rg a n ole p tik u n tu k r as a in i b a ny a k
b e rk a it an d e n ga n a rom a y a ng d ih a silk a n o le h te lu r te rs e bu t
k a re n a d a lam me n e n tu k an ra s a s u atu m a k a na n d ip e rlu k an
p e nu nja ng la in d ia n ta ra ny a a d ala h p e nc iu m a n (W in arn o,
1995) .
KES IMPULAN
Ka ra k te ris tik fis ik te lu r a yam M eraw ang tid a k
d ip e ng a ru h i o le n p e rla k ua n , s e da n g ka n te lu r b e rs u plem e n
o m eg a-3 m e mp un ya i in de ks d an sk or ku nin g te lu r ya ng
le bih tin gg i d arip ad a te lu r ko ntro l. T elu r be rsu ple me n
om e ga -3 ju ga d a pa t m e n uru n ka n k an d un ga n le m a k, to ta l
k ole ste ro l d an N a C I, d an m e n in gk atk an k ad a r a sa m le m a k
omega - 3 , 1 3 ka ro ten d an m ine ra l y od ium yang cu kup
s ign ifikan . S eca ra um um te lu r be rsu plem en om ega -3
d apa t d lte rm a pane lis be rdasa rkan u ji o rg ano le p tikte rh a da pw a r na , a rom a , te k stu r d a n r as a .
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