IMITERERE Y’AMAKOPERATIVE N’AMASHYIRAHAMWEsemences.minagri.gov.rw/SIFSR/Data/43KR183I192v0.pdf · igengwa n’Itegeko ry’Umwami w’Ababirigi ryo kuwa 14 Mata 1958 kandi ihabwa

Uburyo bwo gukusanya, gutunganya no Kode y’inyandiko: gukwirakwiza amakuru kuri filiyeri y’imbuto

43KR183I192v0 mu Rwanda Itariki yo kujyanisha

inyandiko n’igihe Décembre 2007

Inyandiko ikomatanyije

A F S R Appui à la Filière Semencière du Rwanda

CFRC Centre de Formation et de Recherche Coopératives – IWACU

B.P 1313 – KIGALI e-mail : [email protected]

IMITERERE Y’AMAKOPERATIVE N’AMASHYIRAHAMWE

yateguriwe abikorera mu gutubura imbuto

Igitabo cy’uhugura

Gashyantare 2007

mailto:[email protected]

Kode y’inyandiko:

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Imiterere y’amakoperetive n’amashyirahamwe: igitabo cy’uhugura Uburyo bwo gukusanya, gutunganya no gukwirakwiza amakuru kuri filiyeri y’imbuto mu Rwanda 1/36

1. INTANGIRIRO Muri ibi bihe birangwa n’ipiganwa ku masoko, biragenda birushaho kuba ngombwa kunoza imikorere kugirango haboneke ibikenerwa mu kongera umusaruro cyangwa mu kuwukoresha. Niyo mpamvu, mu gitekerezo cyo kurwanya ubukene, ubufatanye hagati y’abahinzi ari ngombwa kuko guhuza imbaraga zabo bibongerera ingufu mu gukemura ibibazo bahura nabyo no kwigarurira amahirwe aboneka aho bakorera. Uburyo bw’inozamikorere mu baturage bwubahirije ibimaze kuvugwa kandi buhuriza hamwe imbaraga za bose mu nyungu za buri wese ni ishyirahamwe. Abatubuzi b’imbuto nabo ntibashobora kubyirengagiza mu gihe bashaka kugira uruhare ku mahirwe akomoka kuri gahunda y’igihugu yo guteza imbere imirimo yo gutubura imbuto Cyakora, ishyirahamwe riba icyarimwe umuryango ushingiye ku mategeko kandi uhuza abantu, ibyo bigasaba imyitwarire n’ubumenyi-ngiro ku banyamuryango n’abayobozi baryo kugirango rishobore kugera ku ntego zaryo. Abatubuzi b’imbuto bazifashisha rero imikorere y’amakoperative n’amashyirahamwe kugirango bateze imbere mu gace bakoreramo imirimo irushaho kubyara inyungu kandi ituma bapiganwa n’abandi ku masoko. Mu ngingo zikurikira, tugiye kubagezaho iby’ingenzi mu mahame no mu mategeko ngengamikorere y’amashyirahamwe azabaha icyerekezo mu mikorere yabo 2. UMWANYA N’URUHARE RW’AMASHYIRAHAMWE Amashyirahamwe ashingwa biturutse ku bushake bw’abanyamuryango b’ikubitiro kandi agakurikiza ihame ry’uburenganzira bwo kwinjiramo nta nkomyi. Uko kwibwiriza gutuma amashyirahamwe agira ubwigenge n’ubwisanzure bw’ibikorwa imbere y’inzego z’ubutegetsi kandi kukabera inkingi iterambere rya « sosiyete sivile ». Amashyirahamwe asabwa kugira uruhare rwo: - gukora imirimo iteza imbere abanyamuryango n’abatuye mu gace

akoreramo ; - guharanira inyungu z’abanyamuryango no kubahagararira ;

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- kwigisha rubanda no kugeza ubumenyi ku bandi ; - gushimangira ububasha bushingiye kuri « demokarasi iciriritse » iranga

buri shyirahamwe ; - kuvuganira abanyamuryango b’ishyirahamwe no guhagararira inyungu

rusange. 3. ICYO ISHYIRAHAMWE ARICYO N’IBIRIRANGA Ishyirahamwe ni itsinda ry’abantu rishingiye ku masezerano abanyamuryango bagirana biyemeza guhuriza hamwe kandi mu buryo buhoraho, ingufu zabo z’umubiri, z’ubwenge n’iz’umutungo bagamije intego bahuriyeho. Ibyo bisobanuro nibyo bishingirwaho mu kugaragaza ibiranga ishyirahamwe biritandukanya n’andi matsinda y’abantu : - Ishyirahamwe rishyirwaho ku bwumvikane : rishyirwaho ku

bwumvikane bw’abantu benshi nta gahato (nibura batatu, nta mubare ntarengwa wabo uteganyijwe). Ubwo bwumvikane nibwo butuma ishyirahamwe rigira ububasha bwo kwihagararira imbere y’amategeko, iyo byamenyeshejwe kandi bikemerwa n’ubuyobozi .

- Ishyirahamwe rirangwa n’uburambe : n’ubwo ryabaho igihe gito

bitewe n’intego bwite yaryo, ishyirahamwe ryifitemo uburambe, ubuzima bwite, rikaba ari umuryango uhuza abantu (ibi bikaritandukanya n’igiterane cy’abantu, inama cyangwa igikorwa gihuza abantu by’akanya gato).

- Ishyirahamwe riba ryemewe n’ubutegetsi : ni ukuvuga ko ritazwi

gusa n’ubuyobozi, ahubwo rikaba rinazwi n’umubare munini w’abantu n’imiryango bashobora kugirana amasezerano.

- Ishyirahamwe rigira icyo rigamije (intego) : hakubiyemo ibyifuzo

n’inyungu z’abanyamuryango, bitabujije ko n’inyungu rusange z’abaturage zitabwaho.

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- Ishyirahamwe riba rifite igikorwa cyangwa ibikorwa byinshi byemejwe kandi byateganyijwe mw’igenamigambi y’umwaka umwe cyangwa myinshi.

- Ishyirahamwe rigira icyicaro ahantu hazwi ari naho ribarizwa - Abanyamuryango nibo bashyiraho amategeko agenga ibikorwa

bahuriyeho, amategeko rusange (shingiro) n’amategeko ngengamikorere (yihariye).

- Ishyirahamwe ryishyiriraho abayobozi bahagararira

abanyamuryango kandi bagahuza ibikorwa byaryo. 4. UKO ISHYIRAHAMWE RITEYE Ishyirahamwe ni iry’abanyamuryango bose kandi buri wese agomba kurigiramo uruhare. Ni umuryango abanyamuryango ubwabo bafitemo ububasha kandi biyoborera. Ugereranyije na Leta, ishyirahamwe ni « demokarasi iciriritse ». Imikorere y’inzego eshatu zikurikira ituma buri munyamuryango agira uruhare rwe mw’ishyirahamwe. 4. 1. Inama Rusange Inama Rusange igizwe n’abanyamuryango bose b’ishyirahamwe Nirwo rwego rw’ikirenga rw’ishyirahamwe ; izindi nzego zihabwa ububasha nayo. Ifite inshingano zikurikira : - kwemeza no guhindura amategeko shingiro n’amategeko

y’umwihariko ; - gutora no gusezerera abagize Inama y’Ubutegetsi ; - kwerekana icyerekezo cy’ibigomba gukorwa ; - kwakira, guhagarika cyangwa kwirukana abanyamuryango ; - kwemeza imibaruro y’umutungo ya buri mwaka ; - kwakira impano n’indagano ; - gusesa ishyirahamwe ; - gufata ibyemezo ku kibazo cyose kireba ubusugire bw’ishyirahamwe…

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4. 2. Inama y’Ubutegetsi Buri shyirahamwe riyoborwa n’Inama y’Ubutegetsi yatowe kandi ishobora kuvanwaho n’Inama Rusange. Amategeko shingiro y’ishyirahamwe agena ububasha bw’Inama y’Ubutegetsi. Inama y’ubutegetsi niyo « nsanganyabikorwa », urwego rutekerereza ishyirahamwe. Kubyerekeranye n’amashyirahamwe y’abatubuzi b’imbuto, Inama y’Ubutegetsi izagomba kubatoza gukora bivuye inyuma. Inama y’Ubutegetsi iterana rimwe mu kwezi cyangwa mu gihembwe hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu mategeko shingiro kandi ishinzwe : - gutegura gahunda y’ibikorwa n’ingengo y’imari bizashyikirizwa Inama

Rusange kugirango ibyemeze ; - gucunga ibikorwa bya buri munsi by’ishyirahamwe ; - guhagararira abanyamuryango imbere y’inzego za Leta n’abikorera ku

giti cyabo ; - gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo by’Inama Rusange. Inama y’Ubutegetsi yitoramo ibiro bigizwe na Perezida, Visi Perezida, Umunyamabanga n’Umubitsi iyo bibaye ngombwa. Amategeko shingiro y’ishyirahamwe asobanura ububasha bw’abagize biro. Abagize Inama y’Ubutegetsi ntibabihemberwa kandi barangiza inshingano zabo, bafatanyije cyangwa se buri wese ku giti cye. 4. 3. Inama y’Ubugenzuzi (Abagenzuzi b’Imari) Inama rusange ishyiraho buri mwaka Inama y’Ubugenzuzi igizwe nibura n’abantu babiri b’abanyamuryango b’ishyirahamwe cyangwa batari bo, bashinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa by’ishyirahamwe Abadashobora gutorwa mu nama y’Ubugenzuzi ni : 1° Abagize Inama y’Ubutegetsi, abo bashakanye n’abo bafitanye isano yo

mu rwego rwa mbere :

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2° Abantu bose bahabwa umushahara, mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose,

n’ishyirahamwe, n’abagize Inama y’Ubutegetsi n’abacungamutungo kimwe n’abashakanye n’abo bantu bahembwa.

Abagize Inama y’Ubugenzuzi bashobora kwongera gutorwa ; amategeko shingiro agena imikorere y’iyo nama. Inama y’Ubugenzuzi ishinzwe kugenzura, itabivanye aho biri, ibitabo, isanduku n’indi mitungo y’ishyirahamwe, amabarura mutungo n’imbonerahamwe z’umutungo ndetse n’ukuri kw’inyandiko z’ibaruramutungo. Inama y’Ubugenzuzi ishobora, igihe icyo aricyo cyose, kugenzura ibyo ibona ari ngombwa ariko itivanze mu micungire ya buri munsi y’ishyirahamwe. Ifite n’inshingano zo kugenzura niba ibyemezo by’Inama Rusange n’iby’Inama y’Ubutegetsi byarubahirijwe kandi niba amategeko shingiro n’amategeko ngengamikorere akurikizwa. Abagize Inama y’Ubugenzuzi bashobora guhabwa igihembo kigenwa n’Inama Rusange. Izo nzego uko ari eshatu zijyanye n’imiterere y’ishyirahamwe kandi nizo zituma ribaho. Nta shyirahamwe ritazifite kuko nta gaciro ryahabwa. Iterambere ry’ishyirahamwe risaba ko ryagira ibikorwa bihoraho. Ibyo bikorwa bishingwa abanyamushahara bakuriwe n’ubunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa, ihuzabikorwa cyangwa icungamutungo. Ni urwego rw’imirimo (rutabarwa mu nzego zisanzwe z’umuryango) ruhabwa ububasha n’inzego zisanzwe z’ishyirahamwe.

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Muri make, imbonezanzego y’ishyirahamwe iteye itya : INAMA RUSANGE INAMA Y’UBUTEGETSI INAMA Y’UBUGENZUZI UBUNYAMABANGA NSHINGWABIKORWA URWEGO RW’AKAZI 1 URWEGO RW’AKAZI 2 URWEGO RW’AKAZI 3 5. AMOKO Y’AMASHYIRAHAMWE Habaho amoko menshi y’amashyirahamwe acungwa mu buryo butandukanye mu rwego rw’igihugu. Abakora umurimo wo gutubura imbuto bagomba rero kumenya ayo moko yose y’amashyirahamwe kugirango bashobore kuganisha ayabo mu cyerekezo kijyanye n’imiyoborere y’aho akorera. Ibintu bibiri bishingirwaho mu gutandukanya amashyirahamwe mu Rwanda ni : - impamvu cyangwa intego yatumye ashingwa ; - itegeko ry’igihugu rigenga amashyirahamwe ateye kimwe nayo. Hakurikijwe ibyo, mu Rwanda tuhasanga amoko y’amashyirahamwe akurikira :

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5.1. Amashyirahamwe atagamije inyungu (imiryango idaharanira inyungu)

Aya mashyirahamwe agamije intego itari iyo kugabana inyungu. Imiryango idaharanira inyungu (ASBL) iharanira kurengera no guteza imbere inyungu z’abanyamuryango cyangwa abaturage muri rusange mu bijyanye n’imyidagaduro, uburezi, ubuzima, umuco, uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu, ibidukikije, iyobokamana, ubuhanga, ubumenyi, amajyambere n’ibindi. Imiryango idaharanira inyungu igengwa n’Itegeko n° 20/2000 ryo kuwa 26 Nyakanga 2000, yiyandikisha muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ari nayo iyakurikiranira hafi. Imiryango myinshi itegamiye kuri Leta iri muri urwo rwego : - Imiryango irengera uburenganzira bwa muntu (CLADHO, IBUKA) ; - Imiryango itsura amajyambere (CCOAIB, Ikigo IWACU) ; - Imiryango y’amadini (AMUR, ADEPR, EER) : - Amashyirahamwe y’imikino (FERWAFA, RAYON SPORT). 5.2. Amashyirahamwe y’ubufatanye bw’abakozi bahembwa,

abasangiye umwuga n’ubwifatanye bw’abakoresha Ni amashyirahamwe agamije kurengera inyungu z’abakozi bahembwa, abakoresha cyangwa abikorera. Mu Rwanda, ayo mashyirahamwe agengwa n’itegeko ry’igihugu n° 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 ritunganyya umurimo mu Rwanda. Ahabwa ubuzima-gatozi na Minisiteri y’umurimo agakurikiranirwa hafi nayo. Muri iki cyiciro niho dusanga za SENDIKA zihuza abanyamushahara nka CESTRAR cyangwa COSYLI kimwe n’imiryango y’abikorera basangiye umwuga nka SENDIKA INGABO n’ishyirahamwe ry’ababuranira abandi. 5. 3. Amashyirahamwe y’ubwisungane Ni amashyirahamwe agamije gutabarana mu bihe bikomereye umunyamuryango binyujijwe mu gufashanya no kwiteganyiriza.

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Ayo mashyirahamwe ntagomba kwitiranywa na za Mitiweri zishyirwaho n’amategeko ya Leta zikaba zikorera mu Rwanda mu rwego rw’ubuzima (RAMA, Ubwisungane mu kwivuza) cyangwa mu rwego rw’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi (Isanduku y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi). Atandukanye nanone n’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi atanga ubwishingizi bw’ibihe bishobora kugwirira abemeye kwisungana mu kubiteganyiriza. Ahubwo, amashyirahamwe y’ubwisungane avugwa hano ni imiryango igendera ku mategeko yihariye kandi idaharanira inyungu. Ishingwa ryayo rituruka ku bikenerwa n’ubushake bw’abanyamuryango, kandi ayo mashyirahamwe yishingira impanuka zigwirira abanyamuryango kandi zemejwe nabo hakurikijwe imisanzu batanga. Kugeza ubu, iyo miryango igengwa n’Itegeko ry’Umwami w’Ababirigi ryo kuwa 14 Mata 1958 kandi ihabwa ubuzima-gatozi na Minisiteri ifite imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu nshingano zayo. 5. 4. Amashyirahamwe yitwa Koperative Koperative ni ishyirahamwe kuko igizwe n’abantu bishyize hamwe ku bushake bwabo. Cyakora aho itandukaniye n’andi moko y’amashyirahamwe amaze kuvugwa ni uko igomba gukora imirimo y’ubukungu ikabyara inyungu zizashorwa mu guteza imbere abanyamuryango n’abaturage muri rusange. Koperative itandukanye n’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi kuko isimbuza inyungu bwite ibikorerwa abaturage muri rusange. Nk’ishyirahamwe, Koperative ni : - umuryango uhuza abantu aho guhuza imitungo (nk’uko bigenda mu

masosiyete acuruza imari SA) - umuryango uhuza abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa ibisamuntu - umuryango w’abantu basangiye ibibazo, kandi inyungu zabo zishobora

kurengerwa mu gikorwa kimwe bahuriyeho.

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Nk’inkoramirimo, Koperative iharanira kubonera igisubizo kiboneye ikibazo gisangiwe na benshi, binyujijwe mu gikorwa cyunguka kandi gicungiwe hamwe. Mu Rwanda, amakoperative agengwa n’itegeko N° 31/1988 ryo kuwa 12 Ukwakira 1988, ahabwa ubuzima-gatozi kandi agakurikiranirwa hafi na Minisiteri ifite amakoperative mu nshingano zayo. Bitewe n’uko ubu bwoko bw’inkoramirimo bushobora guhuriza kamwe abakora umurimo wo gutubura imbuto mu mirimo ibanziriza cyangwa iherekeza ibikorwa byabo by’ibanze, ibimaze kuvugwa turabigarukaho mu mpapuro zikurikira kugirango dusesengure neza ibyiza byabyo. 6. UBURYO BWO GUSHYIRAHO INZEGO ZISUMBUYE

Z’AMASHYIRAHAMWE Mu rwego rwo guharanira intego rusange yayo no kurengera inyungu z’abanyamuryango by’umwihariko, amashyirahamwe ashobora kwifatanya hagati yayo cyangwa se akiyegeranya ashinga urwego rwisumbuye kugirango agire ingufu zirushijeho kuba nyinshi, mu rwego rwo : - guhagararirwa ; - kuvuganirwa ; - kwongererwa ubushobozi ; - gucyemurirwa ikibazo rusange icyo aricyo cyose ; - kubayaza umusaruro amahirwe rusange ; - kubona inyungu zidasanzwe. Inzego nshya zivutse kuri ubwo buryo ziba ziri mu rwego rwisumbuye ugereranyije n’izisanzwe z’ibanze ninayo mpamvu zikunze guhabwa inyito y’ « imiryango ikuriye indi ». Iyo miryango yitwara koko nk’igenewe gukorera amashyirahamwe ayihuriyeho imirimo yo ubwayo atakwishoborera no kuyunganira mu mikorere yayo. Ubusanzwe, hari amahame atatu ubwo buryo bwo gushyiraho inzego z’amashyirahamwe bwubahiriza :

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- Buri muryango ukuriye indi ni ishyirahamwe ubwaryo, rihabwa

ububasha n’amategeko cyangwa se nibura rizwi n’ubuyobozi. Niyo mpamvu buri rwego rukuriye izindi rugengwa n’itegeko ry’igihugu rigenga amashyirahamwe arugize. Birumvikana ko ayo mashyirahamwe agomba kuba yemererwa n’amategeko kwishyira hamwe.

- Amashyirahamwe ahuriye mu bwoko bumwe bw’ibikorwa, cyangwa se

afite intego zisa, niyo yonyine yemerewe kwishyira hamwe agashinga urwego ruyakuriye kugirango adasambira byinshi cyangwa agonganishe inyungu z’abarebwa n’icyo gikorwa.

- Imiryango ikuriye indi ikorera mu rwego rwisumbuye n’ahantu hagutse

kurusha aho amashyirahamwe ayigize akorera kugirango hatabaho igongana ry’ububasha, igongana ry’ibikorwa, ipiganwa hagati yayo n’itatanya ry’ingufu z’iyo miryango yose.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy’uburyo bwo gushyiraho inzego zisumbuye

z’amashyirahamwe

Impuzamahuriro

Mu rwego Umuryango wo rw’igihugu mu rwego rwa 3 Ihuriro/Ubumwe Ihuriro/Ubumwe Ihuriro/Ubumwe Mu rwego rw’ Umuryango wo akarere mu rwego rwa 2 aaa bbb ccc ddd eee fff ggg hhh iiiii Mu rwego Amashyirahamwe Amashyirahamwe Amashyirahamwe Umuryango wo mu rw’ibanze y’abatubuzi y’abatubuzi y’abatubuzi rwego rw’ibanze b’imbuto b’imbuto b’imbuto

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Kugirango twiyibutse inshingano za buri rwego muri iyo miterere y’amashyirahamwe, reka dufate urugero rw’urwego rukuriye izindi mw’ishami ryo gutubura imbuto. 1° Mu rwego rw’ibanze (amashyirahamwe y’ibanze) Amashyirahamwe y’ibanze akora imirimo yo gutubura imbuto aho akorera hose, ni ukuvuga ko abyaza umusaruro w’imbuto imirima rusange y’abahinzi bishyize hamwe cyangwa se agafasha abahinzi bikorera kuwubyaza imirima bwite iri ukwayo. Kugirango iyo mirimo yo gutubura imbuto inonosorwe, amashyirahamwe y’ibanze afasha abahinzi bishyize hamwe cyangwa abakora ku giti cyabo muri ibi bikurikira : - gucunga ubutaka, pepiniyeri, igeragezwa ry’ibihingwa, imirima

ntangarugero, …, - gutunganya imirimo yo mu mirima rusange n’ibihe by’ihinga ; - gucunga ibikorwa remezo rusange by’isaranganya ry’amazi mu

mirima ; - guhugura abahinzi muby’ikoranabuhanga, ubushakashatsi, igerageza

n’iyamamazabuhinzi ; - kugeza inyongeramusaruro ku bahinzi bakorera hamwe cyangwa

bikorera ; - kugurisha umusaruro w’abakorera hamwe cyangwa abakora ku giti

cyabo ; - kugeza inyongeramusaruro n’umusaruro ubwawo aho bigenewe ; - gufasha abanyamuryango kwizigamira ; - kwishingirana (ubwishingizi magirirane) ; - kubona inguzanyo Hari n’izindi nshingano zigaragara kuri uru rwego, bitewe no kuba hariho ishyirahamwe, nko : - kwita ku banyamuryango no gukurikiranira hafi uburyo bitabira

ishyirahamwe ryabo ; - gufasha inzego z’ishyirahamwe gukora neza ;

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- gucunga umutungo w’ishyirahamwe ; - guhagararira abanyamuryango b’ishyirahamwe imbere y’abandi bantu

bakorera mu rwego rw’ibanze - gutegura gahunda y’ibikorwa by’ishyirahamwe no kuyishyira mu

bikorwa 2° Mu rwego rw’akarere cyangwa intara (imiryango yo mu rwego rwa

kabiri) Amahuriro cyangwa ubumwe bishinzwe muri urwo rwego byishingira ibikorwa byose birengeje ubushobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze. Iyo miryango igaragara nk’igenewe gukorera amashyirahamwe ayigize imirimo yo ubwayo atishoboreye kandi ikayafasha gushimangira inozamikorere yayo. Ku bijyanye n’urugero rwacu rw’ ishami ryo gutubura imbuto, amahuriro cyangwa ubumwe bizibanda by’umwihariko kuri ibi bikurikira : - guhagararira inzego z’ibanze mu rwego rw’akarere cyangwa intara ; - kugeza ikoranabuhanga n’inama zikwiye ku mashyirahamwe y’ibanze ; - kugenzura imikorere n’imicungire y’umutungo mu mashyirahamwe

y’ibanze ; - kugenzura ubwiza bw’imbuto zatubuwe n’amashyirahamwe y’ibanze ; - gusuzumira hamwe n’abakora imirimo yabo mw’ishami ryo gutubura

imbuto mu karere cyangwa intara (abakora imirimo, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, ibigo bya Leta, abatwara ibintu n’abacuruzi, )

- gushyikirana n’abanyamuryango b’amashyirahamwe y’ibanze no kuborohereza uburyo bwo kubona amafaranga akenewe ;

- gushakira isoko imbuto zatubuwe mu rwego rw’ibanze. Mu gihe cyose hazaba hataraboneka inzego zikuriye amahuriro n’ubumwe bw’amashyirahamwe mw’ishami ryo gutubura imbuto, ibikorwa byayo mu rwego rw’igihugu bizahurizwa hamwe hifashishijwe abafite uruhare bose muri iryo shami.

Kode y’inyandiko:

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3° Mu rwego rw’igihugu (imiryango yo mu rwego rwa 3) Impuzamahuriro ishinzwe mu rwego rwa gatatu, ni agasongero amashyirahamwe yose akorera muri iri shami ahuriraho, ikaba inashinzwe ibikorwa byo mu rwego rw’igihugu bitewe n’aho bikorerwa ndetse n’intera ihanitse y’ibyemezo bigomba gufatwa. Iyo mpuzamahuriro nirwo rwego rushinzwe koko ibikorwa by’ubuvugizi n’ukwumvisha ukuri izindi nzego bitewe n’umwanya ifite mu ruhererekane rw’inzego zose z’amashyirahamwe ndetse n’umubare w’abanyamuryango ihagarariye. Mu rwego rw’ishami ryo gutubura imbuto, impuzamahuriro y’abatubuzi b’imbuto izita by’umwihariko kuri ibi bikurikira : - kunoza imiterere n’imikorere y’inzego zigize iryo shami ; - gutegura gahunda iboneye Leta yagenderaho mu byerekeye gutubura

no kugurisha imbuto ; - kugirana imishyikirano n’ibiganiro n’abandi bantu bafite uruhare muri

iryo shami mu rwego rw’igihugu (abatumiza inyongeramusaruro mu mahanga, amabanki n’ibigo by’imari iciriritse, inzego z’imirimo za Leta n’izigenga zikora ubushakashatsi n’iyamamazabuhinzi, urwego rw’imirimo rushinzwe imbuto mu gihugu, …) ;

- gukora inyigo z’ibigomba gukorwa mu bihe biri imbere, iz’amasoko n’izireba inyongeragaciro z’ibikorwa biboneka mw’ishami ryo gutubura imbuto.

7. AKAMARO N’UMWIHARIKO WA KOPERATIVE 7.1. Akamaro k’amakoperative Amakoperative agira uruhare rukomeye mw’iterambere ry’igihugu : - agira uruhare mu kubyaza ubukungu imirimo akora, ibintu n’ibikorwa

ageza ku bantu mu rwego rw’igihugu ;

Kode y’inyandiko:

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- ashingiye ku migenzereze ya kidemokarasi aranga imicungire y’ibikorwa byayo, amakoperative ateza imbere imyumvire ibereye imiyoborere myiza kandi agafasha abaturage kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’amajyambere y’igihugu ;

- hakurikijwe inshingano afite yo kwigisha abanyamuryango bayo,

amakoperative akoma imbarutso yo kwongerera abaturage ubushobozi, akaba n’inzira yo gukwirakwiza ikoranabuhanga riboneye.

7.2. Koperative ni inkoramirimo ifite intego yo gukorera abantu

imirimo Intego ya Koperative ni ugukorera abantu imirimo, mu buryo bwiza bushoboka, baba abanyamuryango ubwabo cyangwa se n’abandi baturage muri rusange ; iyo ntego iyatandukanya n’inkoramirimo zishingiye ku mari zikaba zigamije mbere na mbere kubyaza inyungu imari yashowe. Koperative igaragara nk’ishyirahamwe rigizwe n’abanyamuryango baryinjiramo ku bushake bwabo, bagashinga inkoramirimo yunguka bicungira bakanayigenzurira mu buryo bwa demokarasi kugirango ibagirire akamaro inakagirire abaturage muri rusange. Muri Koperative, abanyamuryango birinda guharanira inyungu z’ikirenga mu gihe : - kubara agaciro-fatizo k’ikintu cyangwa umurimo wakozwe bishingira

ku bigereranyo bikwiye; ibyo bigasaba rero ko imirimo ituma biboneka iba yakozwe mu buryo buboneye ;

- ikintu cyangwa umurimo ukozwe byishyuzwa ku giciro gikwiye ; - igishoro cyose kiba ari umutungo bwite w’abakorana na Koperative.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntawubangamirwa kuko nyir’ibintu na nyir’ukubikenera aba ari umwe ;

- abakorera Koperative baba bizigamiye imitungo ikomoka ku bikorwa

bahuriyeho; ibyo bigaha umukozi gusubirana icyubahiro cye ;

Kode y’inyandiko:

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- isaranganya ry’agahimbazamusyi gakomotse ku nyungu zabonetse rikorwa hakurikijwe ingufu buri wese yashyize mu bikorwa by’umuryango ;

- imari yashowe ihabwa inyungu idahinduka kandi ntoya. Ibyo bituma

haboneka ibicumbi bifasha Koperative kunoza no kwongera ibikorwa bigenerwa abanyamuryango n’abandi baturage muri rusange.

Muri make, ni ibyo amakoperative yifuza kugeraho : gusimbuza inyungu z’ikirenga ku gishoro imirimo ifitiye benshi akamaro. 7.3. Koperative ni inkoramirimo abanyamuryango babereye

umukoresha kandi bakorana nayo Ubusanzwe izo nshingano zombi ziratandukanye. Ushobora kuba umukoresha cyangwa umukozi, nyir’ugutanga umwenda cyangwa nyir’ukuwuhabwa, n’ ibindi. Guhuriza izo nshingano ku muntu umwe niwo mwihariko wa Koperative. Koperative ishingiye kw’ihame ryo « kwikoresha » risobanura ko muri iyo nkoramirimo, umuntu umwe ahuriweho n’ibiranga umukoresha (rwiyemezamirimo) n’ibiranga umukozi (umugenerwabikorwa); naho, ku bijyanye n’ibikorwa by’ubukungu, umuntu umwe akarangwa no kugira uruhare mu bikorwa n’ifatwa ry’ibyemezo bireba ubukungu n’imibereho myiza muri rusange akanagira uruhare mw’isaranganya ry’umusaruro wagezweho mu rwego rw’igihugu. Amagambo « rwiyemezamirimo » na « umugenerwabikorwa » asobanura iki ? Ijambo rwiyemezamirimo risobanura umuntu cyangwa abantu bafite koko inkoramirimo, bayicunga, babazwa ibijyanye n’iyo micungire, bishingiye inkurikizi zabaho kandi amategeko akaba abemerera guhagararira iyo nkoramirimo imbere y’abandi bantu. Umugenerwabikorwa mu nkoramirimo ni umuntu ugerwaho n’inyungu z’ingenzi zibyawe n’inkoramirimo, ukorana n’inzego z’imirimo yayo,

Kode y’inyandiko:

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ukora imirimo yo kongera umusaruro, gutungwa nawo, kuwugurisha, kuwugura, gutanga imyenda, kuyihabwa, n’ibindi hakurikijwe ibikorwa by’iyo nkoramirimo. Kugirango igitekerezo cyo « kwikoresha » kirusheho kwumvikana, reka turebere hamwe uko mu bikorwa hagaragara « uguhuriza mu muntu umwe ibiranga ba rwiyemezamirimo n’abagenerwabikorwa » : - Muri Koperative zo kongera umusaruro, abanyamuryango ni abakorana

bose n’ishami rimwe ribyara umusaruro bakaba baribereye abakoresha (rwiyemezamirimo) n’abakozi (abagenerwabikorwa).

- Muri Koperative zo guhahirana, abanyamuryango ni abantu bose

bahuzwa no gukoresha iduka rimwe cyangwa menshi, bakaba aribo abacuruzi (rwiyemezamirimo) n’abaguzi (abagenerwabikorwa).

- Muri Koperative yo kugurisha umusaruro, abanyamuryango ni abantu

bishyira hamwe kugirango bagurishirize hamwe imisaruro yabo ; baba rero ari abafite umusaruro (rwiyemezamirimo) n’abayigurisha (abagenerwabikorwa).

- Muri Koperative zitanga inguzanyo, abanyamuryango ni abantu bose

bahuriza hamwe umutungo w’amafaranga ugenewe kubagurizwa mu bikorwa byabo, bakaba icyarimwe abatanga inguzanyo (rwiyemezamirimo) n’abazihabwa (abagenerwabikorwa).

8. AMATEGEKO AGENGA AMAKOPERATIVE Amategeko agenga amakoperative niyo soko ishingirwaho mu bireba uburenganzira bw’amakoperative. Ni ukuvuga ko ibinyagaciro, kamere, imiterere n’imigenzereze y’imiryango y’amakoperative bigendera ku mategeko yose n’amabwiriza yashyiriweho amakoperative mu rwego rw’igihugu. Akamaro n’umwihariko w’amakoperative byagaragajwe mu gice kibanziriza iki bikomoka rero ku mategeko agenga Koperative. Amategeko agenga amakoperative mu Rwanda asumbana mu buryo bukurikira :

Kode y’inyandiko:

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1) Amahame remezo mpuzamahanga agenga amakoperative : - kuba umunyamuryango ku bushake (uburenganzira bwo kwinjiramo no

kuvamo) - imicungire ishingiye kuri demokarasi (umuntu umwe, ijwi rimwe) - inyungu idahinduka kandi iciriritse ku mari shingiro - gushyira imbere ibikorwa bigamije inyungu rusange - ubwasisi bushingiye kubyo umunyamuryango yakoranye na Koperative - kwigisha abanyamuryango - ubufatanye bw’amakoperative 2) Itegeko ry’igihugu rigenga amakoperative 3) Amateka ya Perezida n’amabwiriza ya Minisitiri areba amakoperative 4) Amategeko shingiro ya buri Koperative 5) Amategeko y’umwihariko ya buri Koperative 6) Ibyemezo by’Inama Rusange ya buri Koperative (byanditswe mu gitabo

cyabigenewe) 9. INZIRA YO GUSHINGA KOPERATIVE

9.1. Imbogamizi rusange n’ukuboneka kw’abashinga umuryango

Ishingwa rya Koperative rituruka ku kutabonera igisubizo ibikenerwa bikomereye abaturage : icumbi, imirire, akazi, n’ibindi.

Uko ibyo bibazo bigenda bihurirwaho n’abantu benshi, niko haboneka umuntu umwe cyangwa benshi barushaho kwumva iyo mibereho ibabangamiye bakiyemeza kuyamagana. Ni uko rero haboneka ababimburira abandi mu kubishakira ibisubizo. Bafata igihe gihagije cyo kumenyana no kwihuriza hamwe nk’itsinda, hanyuma bakungurana ibitekerezo n’abandi ku bisubizo byateganywa. Aho ninaho hashobora

Kode y’inyandiko:

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guturuka igitekerezo cyo gushinga Koperative bashyiramo amizero yabo yose.

9.2. Ukunonosorwa kw’igitekerezo cyo gushinga Koperative

Kugirango Koperative ishingwe, hagomba kubaho itsinda ry’ababimburira abandi, umushinga wo gutangiza koperative bakawugira uwabo. Rimwe na rimwe baba ari inshuti cyangwa abantu baziranye baganira iby’uwo mushinga bakikije umuyobozi cyangwa umukangurambaga. Abo babimburira abandi bagomba rero :

- gusesengura ikibazo bagamije kureba niba gushinga koperative bifite

ishingiro ; - gushakisha amakuru yerekeye inzira yo gutangiza koperative ; - gusuzuma niba koperative ifite amahirwe yo kugera kubyo igamije

ikaba inafitiye inyungu zifatika abazayibera abanyamuryango ; - igihe bibaye ngombwa, kugisha inama inzobere muby’amategeko,

icungamutungo, ishoramari, ubukungu,n’ikoranabuhanga, n’ibindi. - gusuzuma, by’umwihariko ingingo zikurikira :

• akamaro ka koperative • umubare w’abanyamuryango n’uko ibiteganyijwe gukorwa bizaba

bingana • ubushobozi bukenewe mu micungire • amafaranga y’umugereka agenda ku bikorwa • igishoro • n’ibindi bibazo bijyana n’ibyo

Uko ibikorwa bigenda bijya mbere, kwita ku bisabwa cyangwa ibibuzwa n’amategeko.

9.3. Inama ya mbere y’abashobora kuba abanyamuryango

Itsinda ry’ababimburira abandi ryegeranya ibitekerezo n’imibare bya ngombwa kugirango bimenyeshwe abandi bashobora kuba

Kode y’inyandiko:

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abanyamuryango. Muri ibyo bihe, banaganira n’abayobozi b’inzego zinyuranye barebera hamwe nabo akamaro ko gushinga iyo koperative. Iryo tsinda rikurikizaho gutumiza inama rusange y’abashobora kuzaba abanyamuryango. Ingingo nyamukuru isuzumirwa muri iyo nama ni raporo yateguwe n’iryo tsinda. Iyo raporo imaze kumurikwa, buri ngingo mu ziyigize igomba gusesengurwa kugirango hagaragazwe amahirwe iyo koperative ifite. Nyuma y’impaka zishobora kumara umunsi umwe cyangwa myinshi, ikurikiranye cyangwa idakurikiranye, abakurikiranye iyo nama bareba niba umubare w’abemera gukomeza gahunda yo gushinga koperative uhagije kugirango binjire mu byiciro bikurikiraho. Iyo basanze uwo mubare uhagije, batora Komite nshingamuryango.

9.4. Imirimo ya Komite nshingamuryango

Komite nshingamuryango ifite inshingano eshanu z’ingenzi : - gukusanya imikono y’umubare uhagije w’abanyamuryango - kwakira imari shingiro iteganyijwe no gukora imishyikirano igamije

ukugurizwa imari ikenewe - gutegura inyandiko z’imiterere ziteganywa n’amategeko - gutegura amategeko shingiro no - kuremesha inama ya mbere y’abanyamuryango batanze imigabane.

a. Gushaka abanyamuryango Abantu bose basaba kuba abanyamuryango bagombye kumenya neza uko koperative igiye gushingwa izakora. Bagombye kwiyumvisha neza inshingano bazagiramo bakiyumvisha ko batagomba kwiyemeza ibyo batazashobora kwubahiriza. b. Gukusanya imari shingiro Iyo umubare w’abanyamuryango biyandikishije uhagije kugirango ikigereranyo cy’ibikorwa byifujwe gishobore kugerwaho kimwe n’imari

Kode y’inyandiko:

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shingiro ikenewe, imigabane y’abanyamuryango ishobora gutangira kwakirwa. Imari shingiro itanzwe igomba gushyikirizwa ako kanya umuntu washyizweho na Komite. Uwo muntu agomba kugaragaza ibisobanuro birambuye ku migabane yose yatanzwe. c. Gutegura inyandiko ziteganywa n’amategeko Koperatie imaze gushingwa ikora ikurikije amategeko agizwe n’inyandiko nshingamuryango, amategeko shingiro, amategeko y’umwihariko kandi, rimwe na rimwe, hakabaho n’amasezerano yo gukorana kw’abanyamuryango na yo. Izo nyandiko zigomba kwandikwa zitondewe kugirango zihuzwe koko n’ibikorwa abanyamuryango b’ikubitiro bashatse ko zigenga kandi zikaba zubahirije n’amategeko akurikizwa mu gihugu. d. Inyandiko nshingamuryango Kugirango koperative ibeho, igomba gushingwa, igashyirwaho kandi ikamenyekana (ku mugaragaro). Inyandiko nshingamuryango niyo igaragaza ko koperative yashinzwe ikanahamya ko yamenyekanishijwe. Ni inyandiko ivuga ko koperative iriho kandi ishyikirizwa inzego z’ubuyobozi (imirenge, akarere, minisiteri) kugirango iyo koperative yandikwe kandi yamamazwe. Iyo nyandiko ishyirwaho umukono n’abanyamuryango b’ikubitiro kandi igomba kuba irimo :

- amazina y’abayishinze ; - izina rya koperative ; - icyicaro cyayo n’imbibi z’aho ikorera ; - impamvu yatumye koperative ishingwa ; - umubare imari shingiro idashobora kujya mu nsi ; - umubare w’imigabane ya buri munyamuryango w’ikubitiro ; - inzego za koperative n’uburyo zijyayo ; - igihe loperative izamara :

Kode y’inyandiko:

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- igihe umwaka w’ibikorwa utangirira n’igihe urangirira.

e. Amategeko shingiro Amategeko shingiro ni inyandiko isobanura imiterere n’ibishaka kugerwaho mu bikorwa byatumye koperative ishingwa. Ayo mategeko agomba kwandikwa mu buryo bwagenwe n’amategeko y’igihugu. Byaba byiza guteganya intego yaguye n’iyo ibikorwa by’intangiriro byaba biciriritse. f. Amategeko y’umwihariko Amategeko y’umwihariko asobanura uburyo Koperative izakora imirimo yayo. Agomba kwubahiriza icyarimwe amategeko yagenwe na Leta n’amategeko shingiro ya koperative. Ubusanzwe, amategeko y’umwihariko agaragaza ibisabwa kugirango umuntu yemererwe kuba umunyamuryango, uburenganzira n’inshingano z’abanyamuryango, uburyo bwo gutumiza inama z’abanyamuryango, imiyoborere y’inama, uburyo bukoreshwa mu matora, ibikurikizwa mu gutora abagize Inama y’ubutegetsi na biro yayo, umubare wabo, inshingano zabo, igihe bamara mu mirimo yabo n’igihembo cyabo ; italiki n’aho inama z’ubutegetsi ziteranira, amatariki yo gutangira no gusoza umwaka w’ibonezamutungo ndetse n’andi mabwiriza yerekeye imicungire ya koperative. Komite itegura ayo mategeko, kenshi yifashisha umujyanama ubizobereyemo. Akamaro k’uwo mujyanama karakomeye : yitwararika ko ibikubiye mu mategeko y’umwihariko byubahirije amategeko ya Leta. Inshingano za Komite mu gikorwa cyo gutegura amategeko y’umwihariko ni ukwirinda ko ibiyakubiyemo byagongana n’imigenzereze iriho muri iyo koperative. g. Amasezerano yo gukorana na koperative Amakoperative amwe yo mu mashami y’ubuhinzi bw’umuceri, imbuto,ikawa, icyayi, … abeshwaho n’ibyo akorana n’abanyamuryango

Kode y’inyandiko:

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bayo mu bijyanye no kuyagemurira no mu kugurisha umusaruro. Hagomba kubaho ingamba zituma abanyamuryango badaca ukubiri n’iyo migirire. Amakoperative menshi (ariko si yose) akoresha amasezerano yo gukorana nayo. Ayo masezerano agaragaza inshingano z’abanyamuryango n’igitekerezo cyabo cyo kugemurira koperative igice kimwe kizwi cy’umusaruro wabo. Agaragaza inshingano Koperative ifitiye abanyamuryango bayo. Yerekana kandi uburyo bukoreshwa mu gukusanya imari shingiro n’ibigomba kugabanywa ku byacurujwe kugirango bikoreshwe mu mirimo ya koperative. Ayo masezerano ashyirwaho umukono n’abanyamuryango bose b’ikubitiro n’abazinjira nyuma.

Inyandiko zateguwe zimara iki ? Izo nyandiko ziha umurongo ngenderwaho abanyamuryango bose. Nizo zigaragaza imyitwarire iboneye mu mikorere y’inzego, m’ukugira uruhare kw’abanyamuryango no mu micungire y’ibikorwa bya koperative. Zigomba kubahirizwa nta guca ku ruhande kugirango koperative igende neza. Kugirango zigire ingufu nk’iz’itegeko, izo nyandiko zigomba gusuzumwa ku buryo bwitondewe maze zikemezwa n’inama rusange.

9.5. Inama ya mbere y’abanyamuryango : Inama Rusange

Nshingamuryango Abanyamuryango shingiro

Mu rwego rwo kunoza imikorere ya koperative, abantu bateganywa mu mategeko shingiro nibo bafatwa nk’abanyamuryango shingiro bemerewe kurema inama rusange nshingamuryango yemerezwamo amategeko shingiro. Ubusanzwe, abo bantu nibo bafatwa nk’abanyamuryango amategeko shingiro akimara gushyirwaho umukono.

Kode y’inyandiko:

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Perezida w’agateganyo niwe uyobora inama ya mbere. Amurikira abayijemo umushinga w’amategeko shingiro kandi byashoboka akerekana n’uw’amategeko y’umwihariko. Ayo mategeko arasuzumwa akemezwa ntacyo bayahinduyeho cyangwa akorewe ubugororangingo hanyuma buri munyamuryango akayashyiraho umukono.

10. UBUZIMA GATOZI BWA KOPERATIVE Gushinga koperative bisaba ko haboneka abanyamuryango nibura barindwi kandi imari shingiro yemejwe ikaba yatanzwe yose. Koperative yose imaze gushingwa igomba kwiyandikisha ku Karere. Uko kwiyandikisha gufatwa nko kwemererwa gukora kandi kugira agaciro mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri. Icyo gihe gishobora kongerwaho imyaka itarenga ibiri. Iyo koperative imaze kwiyandikisha ku Karere, ishobora gusaba, hakoreshejwe urwandiko rushinganye, ubuzima gatozi muri Minisiteri ifite amakoperative mu nshingano zayo binyujijwe ku muyobozi w’Akarere ifitemo icyicaro. Kopi y’urwo rwandiko igenerwa Guverineri w’Intara na Perezida w’Urukiko rwisumbuye rw’aho Koperative ifite icyicaro.Gutanga ubwo buzima gatozi cyangwa kubwimana bigomba gukorwa mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu uhereye ku munsi urwandiko rubusaba rwashyiriwe mw’iposita. Iyo icyo gihe kirenze, uko gusaba gufatwa nk’uwemewe Urukiko rwisumbuye rukaba rufite ububasha bwo guha iyo koperative icyemezo cy’uko ifite ubuzima gatozi. Iyemezo cy’ubuzima gatozi giha koperative uburenganzira bwo kwihagararira imbere y’amategeko. Mu yandi magambo, iba ibonye ububasha bwo kwiburanira, bwo guhabwa impano n’indagano, bwo kugirana imishyikirano n’abandi bantu yitwaye nk’igisamuntu. Koperative yose yemewe itegetswe gukoresha ibi bikurikira ibyirihiye :

Kode y’inyandiko:

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1) kwiyandikisha mu gitabo cyabigenewe kibikwa muri Minisiteri ishinzwe amakoperative ;

2) gutangaza mw’Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda icyemezo cy’ubuzima gatozi n’inyandiko nshingamuryango y’iyo koperative ;

3) gushyira ku cyicaro cy’Urukiko rwisumbuye rw’aho Koperative ifite icyicaro kopi y’ibyemezo by’Inama rusange nshingamuryango.

Ubwo buryo bwo kwiyandikisha no kubona ubuzima gatozi ku makoperative buzavugururwa hamaze gutangazwa Itegeko rishya rigenga amakoperative ryateguwe rikaba rigisuzumwa mu Nteko ishinga amategeko. Itegeko rishya ritegerejwe rizavanaho urwego rw’amashyirahamwe agamije kuba amakoperative kugirango amakoperative ajya avukana ingufu zo guteza imbere inyungu z’abanyamuryango mu by’ubukungu. Akivuka azajya yiyandikisha ku murenge, hanyuma ku Karere no muru minisiteri ishinzwe amakoperative. Gutanga ubuzima gatozi bizajya rero binyura muri iyo nzira y’ubuyobozi bitabaye ngombwa kunyura mu zindi nzira zo kubusaba. Iryo tegeko na none rizongerera abanyamuryango ububasha mu micungire ya koperative, rikazanateganya ingengo y’imari y’umwaka igenewe amahugurwa y ‘abanyamuryango kugirango babone ubushobozi bwo kurangiza inshingano zabo. Rizongerera ingufu akazi k’inama y’ubugenzuzi inashyireho akamenyero k’isesengura nyaryo ry’imicungire y’umutungo wa koperative rikozwe n’inzobere ziturutse hanze yayo. 11. INSHINGANO Z’ABAYOBOZI N’IZ’ ABANYAMURYANGO

BA KOPERATIVE Ubuzima bwa koperative bukomoka ku migenzereze ibiri yuzuzanya : imikorere y’inzego z’ubuyobozi bwayo n’uruhare rw’abanyamuryango n’abakozi muri koperative. Amategeko agenga imikorere n’uruhare rwa buri wese niyo ashingirwaho kugirango hamenyekane inshingano zabo. 11. 1. Inshingano z’abagize inzego

Kode y’inyandiko:

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Uburyo bwo gukora kw’amakoperative burangwa n’imikorere ihuza benshi igashyira imbere imiyoborere isangiwe n’isaranganya ry’ububasha. Imirimo yose ishinzwe buri rwego igomba kugengwa n’imyumvire n’imikorere yumvikanyweho n’abayikora. Inzego zibigeraho zifashishije inama zikorwa. Izo nama rero zigomba gutegurwa neza zikayoborwa mu buryo bwa demokarasi kugirango zigere ku byemezo bishyirwa mu bikorwa kandi bihuje n’intego za koperative. Inshingano ya mbere ya buri rwego ni ugukora inama mu bihe byateganyijwe. Perezida wa buri rwego ategetswe gutumiza no kuyobora izo nama. Inama rusange Niyo ishinzwe ukutavogerwa kwa koperative. Nirwo rwego rushyiraho amategeko agenga koperative, isuzuma ikemeza ingengo y’imari, ijora ibikorwa byayo byo mu bihe byashize, ikagena ibizakorwa mu bihe biri imbere, itora abayobozi bazayihagararira mu mirimo yayo : inama y’ubutegetsi n’inama y’ubugenzuzi. Inama y’ubutegetsi Inshingano zerekeye imicungire ya buri munsi ya koperative zifitwe n’abagize inama y’ubutegetsi ; bakorera hamwe kandi bashinzwe kuyobora no gucunga ibikorwa bya buri munsi bya koperative. Baryozwa rero, buri wese ku giti cyangwa bafatanyije, amakosa baba barakoze mu gihe bakoraga imirimo bashinzwe. Naho abagize biro y’inama y’ubutegetsi, igizwe na perezida, visi perezida n’umwanditsi, ntakindi babazwa uretse izo guhuza imirimo y’abagize inama y’ubutegetsi. Abagenzuzi b’imari Inama y’ubugenzuzi ishinzwe kugenzura amakonti ya koperative n’iyubahirizwa ry’ibyemezo by’inama rusange n’iby’inama y’ubutegetsi.

Kode y’inyandiko:

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Twavuga rero ko ikora imirimo y’isesengura nyaryo rw’imicungire y’umutungo rikozwe n’inzobere zo mu muryango n’iy’ubujyanama mu bice byose bigize koperative. 11. 2. Inshingano z’abanyamuryango Umunyamuryango wese wemeye kwitabira intego n’ishingwa bya koperative aba aniyemeje kuyigiramo uruhare mu byiciro bitatu by’ubuzima bw’iyo koperative : - uruhare mu mari yashowe (umugabane w’umunyamuryango) ; - uruhare mu bikorwa by’ubukungu (imirimo igeza ku bikorwa cyangwa

ku bindi bikenerwa) ; - uruhare mu byemezo bifatwa (kwitabira inama z’inzego arimo). Hari urutonde rw’ibyo umunyamuryango wa koperative afitiye uburenganzira (ibyo yemerewe) n’ibyo imutezeho (ibyo asabwa). Buri munyamuryango afite uburenganzira bwo : - guhabwa ibyo koperative igenera abanyamuryango bayo ; - gufata ijambo no kugaragaza ibitekerezo bye nta nkomyi mu nama

rusange ; - gutora ibyemezo ; - gutorwa mu rwego urwo arirwo rwose no muri komisiyo bya

koperative; - kugeza ku nama y’ubutegetsi igitekerezo iyo aricyo cyose cyateza

imbere imikorere ya koperative ; - gutanga igitekerezo cy’umushinga uteza imbere ubukungu kandi

ujyanye n’intego za koperative ; - gutumiza inama rusange idasanzwe hakurikijwe ibiteganywa

n’amategeko agenga koperative ; - kumenyeshwa ibintu byose bireba koperative ; - guhabwa inyungu ku mugabane we. Nirwo ruhare rwe mw’isaranganya

ry’urwunguko koperative ibona. Ninacyo gihembo gihabwa umutungo washowe n’abanyamuryango

Kode y’inyandiko:

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- guhabwa ubwasisi hakurikijwe ibyo yakoranye na koperative. Ni ishimo abona bitewe n’uburyo aba yarubahirije imikoranire na koperative ye aba yariyemeje.

Buri munyamuryango ategetswe : - kudakora imirimo ibangamiye iya koperative ; - kwemera gutanga kandi akarihe uruhare rwe mu mutungo washowe

n’abanyamuryango ba koperative hakurikijwe amategeko ayigenga ; - kunyuza muri koperative ibikorwa byose cyangwa igice cyabyo nk’uko

biteganywa n’amategeko agenga koperative ; - kumenyesha inzego za koperative ikosa ryose yabonye mu mikorere ya

koperative ; - kwitabira inama z’inama rusange ya koperative. 12. GUKORA GAHUNDA Y’IBIKORWA Umuryango uwo ariwo wose nka koperative imbaga iba yarashyizemo amizero ntushobora kubona umusaruro ushimishije mu gihe waba utegereza ko ibintu byikora. Uwo muryango ugomba rero kugira inshingano wiha, ugasobanura neza intego zawo mu karere runaka no mu gihe kizwi kandi ukagena n’ubushobozi buzatuma ibyo bigerwaho. Muri make, koperative igomba gukora gahunda y’ibikorwa. Gukora igenamigambi ni umwe mu mirimo y’ibanze mu micungire. Bigaragara mbere na mbere nk’ikinyurabwenge kibanziriza igikorwa icyaricyo cyose kugirango hatabaho ibyemezo bifatwa mu buryo butateguwe neza. Birimo akazi kanini kita ku bintu byose bireba imiterere n’imikorere ya koperative, uhereye ku bibazo biriho ukageza kubyo bifuza kugeraho, binyujijwe mu gusesengura neza ubushobozi n’inzitizi biriho. Hari ibikoresho bibiri icyo gikorwa kigaragariramo: - Inyandiko y’igenamigambi ishyira ahagaragara :

• Intego rusange ;

Kode y’inyandiko:

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• Intego zihariye (hakurikijwe gahunda cyangwa urwego rw’ibikorwa) ;

• Ibigamije kugerwaho ; • Ibizakorwa hakurikijwe ibigamije kugerwaho ; • Igihe ibikorwa bizamara , igihe bizatangirira n’igihe bizarangirira

(ingengabihe) ; • Abazabigiramo uruhare n’abashinzwe buri gikorwa.

- Ingengo y’imari yerekana nyine :

• Amafaranga azakoreshwa muri buri gikorwa cyashyizwe mw’igenamigambi ;

• Amafaranga ateganyirijwe kuzinjira. 13.AKAMARO K’INAMA 1. Kuki habaho inama ? Muri koperative cyangwa ishyirahamwe, byose biba ari umutungo w’abanyamuryango bose. Baba rero bafite uburenganzira bwo kumenyeshwa igihe cyose ibireba koperative cyangwa ishyirahamwe ryabo. Ibyemezo babifatira hamwe. Kugirango ayo makuru yose abagereho kandi bafate ibyemezo, bakora inama. Zimwe muri izo nama ni izi zikurikira : a) Inama zo guhana amakuru - Perezida atumiza inama ; - Iyo ariwe ufite ayo makuru, ayageza ku bandi. - Iyo ari undi muntu uyafite, aramwerekana hanyuma akamuha ijambo. b) Inama zo kwiga ibibazo - Perezida atumira inama ; - We ubwe cyangwa undi muntu agasobanura ikibazo gihari ; - Hakurikiraho kujya impaka

Kode y’inyandiko:

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- Buri wese atanga igitekerezo cye - Ibyemezo bifatwa n’itsinda ryose Hari inama zikorwa mu bihe byagenwe ; ziba zarateganyijwe mu mategeko agenga koperative. Kenshi ayo mategeko anateganya ibigomba kwigwa muri buri nama. Urugero : kwemeza imibaruro y’umutungo, gusuzuma ingengo y’imari, gutora abayobozi. Zimwe mu nama ntizitabirwa bihagije ; hari abazijyamo bishakira gusa amafranga bagenewe kuri buri nama cyangwa se perezida agahugira mu gutanga amabwiriza gusa ntafate umwanya wo kungurana ibitekerezo n’abandi. Reka twongere gutekereza ku buryo bwo gukora inama zifite akamaro. 2 Ni izihe nama ziteganyijwe ? Mu makoperative n’amashyirahamwe, tuzi ubwoko bwinshi bw’inama zihakorerwa. Itegeko ritunganya amakoperative riteganya inama zinyuranye ariko hari n’izindi. Inama rusange (A.G.) Muri koprerative, Inama rusange nirwo rwego rukuru. Igizwe n’abanyamuryango bose. Inama rusange ya koperative iterana kabiri mu mwaka. Inama ya mbere isuzuma uko koperative yakoze mu mwaka ushize. Iya kabiri itegura umwaka ukurikiyeho. Inama rusange itegurwa n’inama y’ubutegetsi ya koperative. Ubusanzwe, itumizwa ikanayoborwa na Perezida. Iyo icya kabiri cy’abanyamuryango kititabiriye inama irasubikwa. Mu mashyirahamwe, inama rusange iterana kenshi inshuro zirenga ebyiri mu mwaka. Inama y’ubutegetsi (C.A.) Inama y’ubutegetsi iterana nibura rimwe mu mezi atatu. Biro y’inama y’ubutegetsi niyo itegura inama.

Kode y’inyandiko:

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Inama zitumizwa kandi zikayoborwa na perezida. Amwe mu mashyirahamwe afite abanyamuryango bake cyane ntagira inama y’ubutegetsi itandukanye n’inama rusange. Amakomisiyo Inama y’ubutegetsi ya koperative ishobora gushyiraho amakomisiyo ashinzwe ibikorwa byihariye. Urugero rw’izo komisiyo ni nka :

• Komisiyo y’amahugurwa ishinzwe gutegurira amahugurwa abanyamuryango n’abakozi ba koperative

• Komisiyo y’ubwubatsi igihe ari ngombwa kubakira inzu koperative. Iyo ubwo bwubatsi burangiye, iyo komisiyo nayo ivaho.

• Komisiyo yo kugurisha umusaruro igenewe kwiga ibibazo by’ibicuruzwa n’ibihahwa.

Izo komisiyo zose zikora inama. Izo nama zigomba gukorwa neza. Buri wese agomba gutanga igitekerezo cye. Mu makoperative n’amashyirahamwe, habaho n’inama zo guhugurana. Uhugura cyangwa umukangurambaga araziyobora. Zifasha abanyamuryango kugira uruhare mu buzima bwa koperative cyangwa ishyirahamwe barimo Muri izo nama zo guhugurana, amakoperative yigisha icungamutungo, imicururize y’umusaruro, ubuzima bwa koperative, … Izo nama nazo zigomba gukorwa neza. Ntimugakore inama zo guhura gusa. Inama yose igomba gutegurwa ifite icyo ishaka kugeraho.

Kode y’inyandiko:

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14. IBIBAZO BY’INGENZI MU MICUNGIRE Y’AMASHYIRAHAMWE

Ibisobanuro byose bimaze gutangwa byerekana ko amashyirahamwe agizwe n’ibice byinshi bikorana. Kutagenda neza kwa koperative bishobora kugaragara mu byiciro binyuranye. Ni ngombwa rero ko buri wese na rwego arimo atunganya ibyo ashinzwe. Hari ibibazo bibiri by’ingutu bisobekeranye kandi ibindi bibazo byose bishamikiraho : a) uruhare rudahagije rw’abanyamuryango - mu byerekeye ibikorwa by’ubukungu : gutanga imigabane, gukora

imirimo, kugurisha umusaruro kuri koperative, guhahira muri koperative ; …

- mu nama : gusiba nta mpamvu, kudatanga ibitekerezo bihagije. Ibi byerekana ko abanyamuryango badashishikajwe na koperative yabo bitewe n’uko idaha ibisubizo biboneye ibibazo byabo ndetse n’ubukangurambaga budakorwa neza, bugaragaramo ikibazo mw’ihererekanya ry’amakuru… b) imicungire mibi Igaragara mu buryo bubiri : - ubwiru : mu makoperative menshi, nta nyandiko z’ibaruramutungo

zigaragaza neza uko umutungo wakoreshejwe. Mu yandi, hagaragara amafaranga yasohotse ku mpamvu zidafite ishingiro cyangwa se bitatangiwe uburenganzira bwa ngombwa niyo haba harateganyijwe amabwiriza yerekana uko byakagombye gukorwa. Kenshi na none, ntacyo abanyamuryango bavuga ku bisobanuro bahabwa byerekeye imikoreshereze y’imari n’imiterere y’umutungo rusange.

Kode y’inyandiko:

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- ubushobozi buke : amakoperative menshi agaragaramo ubushobozi buke mu rwego rw’imiyoborere no mu rwa tekiniki, haba mu bagize inzego zatowe haba no mu bakozi ba koperative. Ibi bitubya umusaruro kandi bikongera uburemere bwa cya kibazo cyo kudahererekanya amakuru cyavuzwe mbere.

UMWANZURO Imiterere n’imikorere y’amakoperative n’amashyirahamwe imaze gusobanurwa, iha igisubizo inyota y’ubufatanye iranga kamere muntu. Ubufatanye iyo miterere n’imikorere iganishaho busaba ingufu bwite za buri munyamuryango no guhuriza hamwe izo ngufu kugirango intego abanyamuryango bahuriyeho zigerweho hakurikijwe ya mvugo igira iti « umwe akorere bose, bose bakorere umwe » Koperative igaragara nk’urubuga rushobora kubera umuyoboro mwiza imbaraga z’abantu bose batubura imbuto no kubahuza kugirango bagerweho mu buryo bworoshye n’ibibafasha kongera umusaruro cyangwa se kuwubonera isoko. Uko kwihuza bizabongerera ubushobozi bwo kubona amasoko ajyanye n’ishami ryo gutubura imbuto. Bazaboneraho no kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe akomoka ku makoperative hatanirengagijwe ibyiza byose byagenwe na gahunda y’igihugu yo guteza imbere amashami yo mu buhinzi. Icy’ingenzi ni uko abanyamuryango basobanukirwa neza uko bashyiraho inzego z’ubufatanye zijyanye n’ibyo bakeneye mu rwego rw’ubukungu. URUTONDE RW’AMAGAMBO Ishyirahamwe : itsinda rigizwe n’abantu, bishyira hamwe ku bushake

bwabo kandi / cyangwa rimara igihe, abarigize bakaba bumvikana ku ntego bahuriyeho.

Koperative : ishyirahamwe ry’ukwiteza imbere kw’abanyamuryango mu

by’ubukungu.

Kode y’inyandiko:

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Urugaga (Sendika) : ishyirahamwe ryo kurengera inyungu z’abasangiye umwuga (umurimo).

Mitiwarite : ishyirahamwe ryo guteganyiriza impanuka zavuka kandi

zumvikanweho n’abanyamuryango. ASBL : ishyirahamwe ridaharanira inyungu rizwiho ku rirengera inyungu

rusange cyangwa se amatsinda yihariye. Ubuzima gatozi : ububasha bwo kwihagararira imbere y’amategeko

inzego z’ubuyobozi bwa Leta ziha umuryango. Imiterere y’inzego z’umuryango : inshingano n’amasano ari hagati

y’inzego z’ubuyobozi bw’umuryango Inama rusange : inama iteraniwemo n’abanyamuryango bose igafatwa

nk’urwego rw’ikirenga kandi rurengera ubusugire bw’ishyirahamwe.

Inama y’ubutegetsi : Itsinda ry’abatowe n’inama rusange kandi babazwa

nayo bafatanyije ibireba imicungire y’ishirahamwe. Abagenzuzi b’imari : Ubusanzwe bagenda babiri babiri. Inama rusange

ishobora gushyiraho umugenzuzi w’umutungo umwe cyangwa benshi bashinzwe kugenzura imibaruro y’umutungo yateguwe n’abashinzwe kuwucunga. Abo bagenzuzi bashobora guturuka mu banyamuryango cyangwa mu bataribo (icyo gihe bakaba bagomba guhembera ibyo bakoreye ishyirahamwe) kandi bashyikiriza raporo yabo inama rusange

Inozamikorere y’inzego z’amashyirahamwe : uburyo bwo guhuza –

kwegeranya amashyirahamwekugirango arusheho kugira ingufu mu kurengera inyungu z’abanyamuryango.

Kode y’inyandiko:

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Imiryango ikuriye indi : inzego zo hejuru amashyirahamwe yibyaramo anyuze mu nzira yo kunoza inzego zayo. Hashobora rero kubaho ubumwe, amahuriro n’impuzamahuriro.

Umunyamuryango : umunyamuryango wa koperative, urangwa

n’umutima w’ubufatanye (wacengewe n’ibinyagaciro by’amakoperative)

Umugenerwabikorwa : umuntu ukenera ibikorwa (imirimo) bya

koperative. Amahame y’amakoperative : ibinyagaciro bigize ishingiro

ry’amakoperative byashyizweho n’Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’amakoperative.

Amategeko agenga ishyirahamwe : ni amabwiriza shingiro agenga

ishyirahamwe akaba agaragaza uko ishyirahamwe riba riteye, intego zaryo, ibyo rikora n’imikorere y’inzego zaryo. Ayo mategeko ubwayo yerekana ubushake abanyamuryango bafite bwo gukorera hamwe.

Amategeko y’umwihariko : ni amabwiriza atari ay’ishingiro

mw’ishyirahamwe nk’ayamaze kuvugwa, akaba agaragaza uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa amahame yanditswe mu mategeko agenga umuryango. Umuntu yavuga ko yibanda ku kamenyero k’imikorere ya buri munsi y’ishyirahamwe cyangwa se urutonde rw’amabwiriza ngengamikorere.

Umugabane w’umunyamuryango : uruhare rw’umunyamuryango

mw’ikusanywa ry’imari yashowe n’abanyamuryango wa koperative.

Imari yashowe n’abanyamuryango : imitungo y’abanyamuryango

yashowe mu mari ikoreshwa na koperative. Ibicumbi : igice cy’urwunguko ku mwaka koperative itegetswe kongera

gushora mu bikorwa byayo.

Kode y’inyandiko:

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Inyungu zitangwa na koperative : ni igihembo kigenerwa imari yashowe

n’abanyamuryango. Mu yandi magambo, ni inyungu koperative iha abanyamuryango ku migabane baba baratanze.

Risiturune/ubwasisi : ni ishimo (riyangwa mu bintu cyangwa mu

mafaranga abarika) rihabwa umunyamuryango mu rwego rwo kumutera umwete kandi hakurikijwe uruhare aba yaragize mu kubahiriza ibyo aba yaremereye koperative ye (kuyihahira, kuyigurishaho, kuyikorera imirimo n’ibindi). Iyo umwaka urangiye, risiturune ikomoka ku nyungtu zisigara imyenda yose imaze kwishyurwa, hakurikijwe icyemezo cy’inama rusange, ikabarwa maze igahabwa abanyamuryango.

Umubare ngombwa : ni inyito ihabwa umubare w’abanyamuryango

bagomba kuba bahari (cyangwa bahagarariwe) kugirango inama rusange cyangwa inama y’ubutegetsi iterane kandi ibashe gufata ibyemezo mu buryo bwemewe.

Ibiri ku murongo w’ibyigwa : Ubutumire bw’inama rusange cyangwa

iy’ubutegetsi bugomba kugaragaza ingingo ziteganyijwe ku murongo w’ibyigwa. Ni ukuvuga gahunda y’ibibazo bigomba gusuzumwa. Ibyo bibazo nibyo byonyine byakagombye kwigwa mu nama. Iyo migenzereze ifite ishingiro kuko hari abanyamuryango basiba kandi bari kuza mu nama iyo haba hateganyijwe ingingo zindi zitari izashyizwe ku murongo w’ibyigwa. Nta burenganzira rero buba buriho bwo gukemura ibindi bibazo badahari.

Mu gice cyitwa « ibindi » hashobora kuvugwa mu buryo bwihuse

ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ariko ntibishobore gufatwaho ibyemezo byakwirengerwa n’ishyirahamwe.

Documents

IMITERERE Y’AMAKOPERATIVE N’AMASHYIRAHAMWEsemences.minagri.gov.rw/SIFSR/Data/43KR183I192v0.pdf · igengwa n’Itegeko ry’Umwami w’Ababirigi ryo kuwa 14 Mata 1958 kandi ihabwa