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Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

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Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University. References. 何维 主编。 《 医学免疫学》第二版 ,人民卫生出版社 20 10 金伯泉 主编。《医学免疫学》第五版 人民卫生出版社 2008 Abbus A K, et al. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 7th Edition,Elsevier Saunders . 2012 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Immunology

Jianzhong Chen, PhD

Institute of Immunology

Zhejiang University

Page 2: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

References 何维 主编。《医学免疫学》第二版 ,人民卫生出

版社 2010 金伯泉 主编。《医学免疫学》第五版 人民卫生出

版社 2008 Abbus A K, et al. Cellular and Molecular Immunology.

7th Edition,Elsevier Saunders . 2012 Janeway C A, et al. Immunobiology. 8th ed. Garland

Science Publishing . 2012

Page 3: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Content

Introduction of Immunology Brief History of Immunology

Page 4: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Introduction of Immunology

Page 5: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Introduction of Immunology Concept of Immunity Immune Response Immune Cells Tissues and Organs of the Immune System Immunopathology

Page 6: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Immunity1.Immunity: : Meaning the state of protection from infectious disease.

In 430BC, a plaque in Athens, Those who recovered from the plaque would not contact the disease a second time.

2. Agents: microorganisms (viruses, bacteria etc) and their products, foods, chemicals, pollen, tumor cells, etc.

3.Immune system: immune tissues and organs, immune cells, immune molecules

4.Immune response: collective and coordinated response to the introduction of foreign substances.

5.Immunology: study the structure of immune system and its functions.

Page 7: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Immune Response Innate immune response

natural immune response

non-specific immune response

Adaptive immune response

acquired immune response

specific immune response

Page 8: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

The innate and adaptive immune response

Characteristics Cells Molecules

Innate immunityResponds

rapidly No memoryNo or low

specificity

Physical barriersPhagocytes

(PMNs and macrophages)Natural killer

cells

Humoral factorsComplementAcute phase

ProteinsCytokines

Adaptive immunityResponds

Slowly MemoryHighly specific

T cellsB cellsDendritic cells

AntibodiesCytokinesGranzymes

Page 9: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Innate immunity mechanism of recognition

Pathogen associated molecules patterns(PAMPs ) :LPS,DNA,RNA,Protein

Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS):DNA,HSP

Pattern recognition receptors (PRR): Toll-like receptor(TLR) ,C-lectin recptor(CLR),RIG-I-Like recptor(RLR),NOD-like Receptor(NLR)

Page 10: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University
Page 11: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Innate Immunity

Polly Matzinger

Page 12: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Adaptive immune response

Page 13: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Links between innate and adaptive immunity

Page 14: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Cells of immune system

Page 15: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University
Page 16: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Lymphocytes

1.Lymphocytes (except NK cells) are wholly responsible for the specific immune recognition of pathogens, so they initiate adaptive immune responses.

2.Lymphocytes are derived from bone-marrow stem cells.

3.B lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow.

T lymphocytes develop in the thymus.

Page 17: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University
Page 18: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Antigen presenting cells (APC)

1. Dendritic cells (DC): powerful in antigen processing and presentation.

2. Macrophage: powerful in antigen processing and destruction, but low in antigen presentation.

Introduction

Page 19: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Antigen presenting cellsIntroduction

Page 20: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Natural killer cells (NK)1. 5-10% of blood lymphocytes, LGL

2. express neither T-cell nor B-cell

antigen receptors

Introduction

Page 21: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Phagocytic cells

(Lung) Macrophage Attacking E. coli

Page 22: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Phagocytic cells Monocytes (blood)/Macrophages (tissues)

functions: 1. remove particulate antigens

2. take up, process and present

antigenic peptides to T cells

distribution: Kupffer cells in the liver

microglial cells in the brain

Introduction

Page 23: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Phagocytic cells

monocyte neutroph

il

Page 24: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Phagocytic cells

Polymorphonuclear granulocytes

1.neutrophils; basophils; eosinophils

2.neutrophils are short-lived phagocytic cells

multilobed nucleus; 10-20 m

3.neutrophils have a large arsenal of antibiotic

proteins

granules: lysosomes; lactoferrin

Page 25: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University
Page 26: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Innate immunity mechanism of recognition

Pathogen associated molecules patterns(PAMPs ) :LPS,DNA,RNA,Protein

Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS):DNA,HSP

Pattern recognition receptors (PRR): Toll-like receptor(TLR) ,C-lectin recptor(CLR),RIG-I-Like recptor(RLR),NOD-like Receptor(NLR)

Page 27: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University
Page 28: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Innate Immunity

Polly Matzinger

Page 29: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Tissues and organs of the immune system

Primary (or central) lymphoid organs

bone marrow

thymus

Secondary (or peripheral) lymphoid organs

spleen

lymph nodes Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Page 30: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Mucosal immune system (MIS)

1.non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue in the lamina propria and submucosal areas of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts.

2. tonsil, appendix, Peyer’s patches

3. B cell IgA IEL Adaptive immune ( T cell)

4. function: local (mucosal) immunity

Page 31: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Page 32: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Immunopathology

Hypersensitivity

- overactive immune response

Immunodeficiency

- ineffective immune response

Autoimmunity

- inappropriate reaction to self antigens

Page 33: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Brief History of Immunology

Page 34: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Brief History of

Immunology 1. Empirical Immunology(AD1700-1900) 2. Scientific Immunology(1900-1950s) 3. Modern Immunology(1960s-Present)

Page 35: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Documents show that as early as AD 1000,the ancient Chinese custom existed of havingchildren inhale powders made from thecrusty skin lesions of patients recoveringfrom smallpox

Page 36: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Edward Jenner (1749-1823) Jenner vaccination

Page 37: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Ali Maali

Page 38: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Why Can we eradicate the smallpox?

• No animal reservoir • Lifelong immunity • Subclinical cases rare • One serotype • Effective vaccine • Major commitment by governments

Page 39: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Lious Pasteur (1822~1895). The genius of Pasteur

carried him to the solution of many problems: the spoilage of beers and wines, with the accompanying pasteurization process; the discovery of anaerobic bacteria, virus vaccines, and attenuation of virulence; and studies of spontaneous generation. His studies in immunology have rightly earned him the position as father of the science.

Page 40: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Von Behring (1854~1917) discovered the antitoxin and the principles of antiserum therapy. He established one of the first corporations to product immunologic products.

Page 41: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Robert Koch (1843~1910)

for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis"

Page 42: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Elie Metchnikoff (1845~1916) converted his discoveries of phagocytosis into a doctrine that gained many disciples from his coterie of students. He shared the Nobel Prize with Ehrlich in 1908.

Page 43: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Paul Ehrlich (1854~1915).

Selective theories(Paul Ehrlich,1900 ) The binding like the fitting of a lock with key,the side-chain specificity was determined before its exposure to Ag, and the Ag selected the appropriate side-chain receptor.

He shared the Nobel Prize with Metchnikoff in 1908.

Page 44: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Clonal selection theory and immune tolerance

Page 45: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

The clonal selection hypothesis

Page 46: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Rodney R. Porter (1917~1985) shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine with Edelman in 1972.

• Gerald M. Edelman (1929~) was only 43 years of age

when he shared the Nobel Prize with Porter in 1972.

Page 47: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

MHC

Page 48: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Monoclonal Ab and

Page 49: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Susumu Tonegawa is a Japanese Scientist  who won the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in 1987 "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"

Antibody Diversity

Page 50: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

Peter C. Doherty Rolf M. Zinkernagel”for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence”

Page 51: Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity".