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No hay nadie en la playa hoy. Sí, y nunca vamos a ver el mar más tranquilo. Indefinite and Negative Expressions (Expresiones indefinidas y negativas)

Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

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Page 1: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

No hay nadie en la playa hoy.

Sí, y nunca vamos a ver el mar más

tranquilo.

Indefinite and Negative Expressions (Expresiones indefinidas y negativas)

Page 2: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

¿Hay algo en la hielera?

No, no hay nada en la hielera.

Is there something in the ice chest?

No, there is nothing in the ice chest.

algo → nada

Page 3: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

¿Hay alguien en la cocina?

No, no hay nadie en la cocina.

Is there someone in the kitchen?

No, there is no one in the kitchen.

alguien → nadie

Page 4: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

alguien → nadie The indefinite pronouns alguien and nadie refer only to persons; thus, when used as direct objects of a verb, they require the personal a.

¿Llamaste a alguien en el banco para confirmar el saldo de tu cuenta?

No, no llamé a nadie.

Did you call someone at the bank to confirm the balance of your account?

No, I didn’t call anyone.

Page 5: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

¿Hay algún plato en la mesa?

No, no hay ningún plato en la mesa.

Is there a (some) dish on the table?

No, there is no dish on the table.

No, no hay ninguno. No, there is none.

algún, alguno → ningún, ninguno

Alguno and ninguno are shortened to algún and ningún before a masculine singular noun.

Adjectival form: used

before a noun

Pronominal form: stands

alone

Note that algún and ningún bear a written accent.

Page 6: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

¿Hay algunos platos en la mesa?

No, no hay ningún plato en la mesa.

Are there some dishes on the table?

No, there are no dishes on the table.

No, no hay ninguno. No, there is none.

algunos → ningún, ninguno

Normally, the plurals ningunos and ningunas are not used, even when algunos or algunas is used in the question.*

*Except with a noun that is always used in the plural. No me voy a tomar ningunas vacaciones este verano.

Page 7: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

No, no hay ninguna muchacha en el equipo.

No, no hay ninguna.

¿Hay algunas muchachas en el equipo de fútbol?

Are there some girls on the soccer team?

No, there are no girls on the team.

No, there is none.

algunas → ninguna

Notice that the adjectival and pronominal forms for ninguna

are the same.

Page 8: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

¿Vas a comprar o

No, no voy a comprar ni zapatos ni sandalias.

o . . . o → ni . . . ni ¿Vas a comprar o zapatos o sandalias?

Are you going to buy either shoes or sandals?

No, I’m going to buy neither shoes nor sandals.

Note: The first o and the first ni are optional. zapatos o sandalias?

ni zapatos ni sandalias. No, no voy a comprar

(No, I’m not going to buy either shoes or sandals.)

Page 9: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

siempre → nunca, jamás

Siempre bebes refrescos, ¿no? No, nunca bebo

refrescos . . . jamás. Pedí limonada.

You always drink soft

drinks, right? No, I never drink

soft drinks . . . ever. I asked for

lemonade.

Page 10: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

también → tampoco

¡Me gusta comer con

toda la familia!

¡A mí también!

Sí, no me gusta comer

sola. A mí tampoco.

I like to eat with the

whole family!

Me too!

Yes, I don’t like to eat alone.

Me neither.

Page 11: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

}

Summary

algo nada alguien nadie siempre nunca, jamás también tampoco algún(o) / alguna algunos / algunas ningún(o) / ninguna

o . . . o ni . . . ni

Affirmative Negative

Page 12: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

Yo siempre corro solo; así puedo meditar.

The use of multiple negative words Unlike English, in Spanish once a sentence is negative, all other indefinite words are negative. Spanish is virtually unlimited in the number of negative words that can be used in one sentence.

I always jog alone; that way, I can meditate.

Comprendo perfectamente. Yo nunca corro con nadie tampoco.

I understand perfectly. I never jog with anyone either.

Page 13: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

No llegó nadie a tiempo. Nadie llegó a tiempo.

No fumamos cigarrillos nunca.

Nunca fumamos cigarrillos.

No me gustan las coles de Bruselas tampoco.

Tampoco me gustan las coles de Bruselas.

Preverbal placement of negative words All of the negative words can be placed before the verb instead of after; however, this is normally done only with nadie, nunca, and tampoco. Notice that in these cases the negative word replaces the word no.

No one arrived on time.

We never smoke cigarettes.

I don’t like Brussels sprouts either.

Page 14: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

No tengo nada en mi maleta.

Nada tengo en mi maleta.

No hay ninguna alternativa.

Ninguna alternativa hay.

Preverbal placement of negative words Although it is possible to place the negative words nada and ningún/ninguno/ninguna before the verb, it is not normally done in everyday speech or writing. Such forms sound a bit archaic and are reserved for special literary uses.

I don’t have anything in my suitcase.

Nothing have I in my suitcase.

There is no alternative. No alternative is there.

Page 15: Indefinite and Negative Expressions - Faculty Site Listing · PDF fileIndefinite and Negative Expressions ... Affirmative Negative . ... The use of multiple negative words Unlike English,

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